The main reasons for the high content of inorganic N and its increase by several times in the Changjiang River and its mouth during the last 40 years were analysed in this work. The inorganic N in precipitation in the...The main reasons for the high content of inorganic N and its increase by several times in the Changjiang River and its mouth during the last 40 years were analysed in this work. The inorganic N in precipitation in the Changjiang River catchment mainly comes from gaseous loss of fertilizer N, N resulting from the increases of population and livestock, and from high temperature combustions of fossil fuels. N from precipitation is the first N source in the Changjiang River water and the only direct cause of high content of inorganic N in the Changjiang River and its mouth. The lost N in gaseous form and from agriculture non point sources fertilizer comprised about 60% of annual consumption of fertilizer N in the Changjiang River catchment and were key factors controlling the high content of inorganic N in the Changjiang River mouth. The fate of the N in precipitation and other N sources in the Changjiang River catchment are also discussed in this paper.展开更多
The application of nitrogen（N） fertilizer to increase crop yields has a significant influence on soil methane（CH_4） and nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission/uptake.A meta-analysis was carried out on the effect of N appl...The application of nitrogen（N） fertilizer to increase crop yields has a significant influence on soil methane（CH_4） and nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission/uptake.A meta-analysis was carried out on the effect of N application on（i） CH_4 emissions in rice paddies,（ii） CH_4 uptake in upland fields and（iii） N_2O emissions.The responses of CH_4 emissions to N application in rice paddies were highly variable and overall no effects were found.CH_4 emissions were stimulated at low N application rates（〈100 kg N ha^（-1）） but inhibited at high N rates（〉200 kg N ha^（-1）） as compared to no N fertilizer（control）.The response of CH_4 uptake to N application in upland fields was 15%lower than control,with a mean CH_4 uptake factor of-0.001 kg CH_4-C kg^（-1） N.The mean N_2O emission factors were 1.00 and 0.94%for maize（Zea mays） and wheat（Triticum aestivum）,respectively,but significantly lower for the rice（Oryza sativa）（0.51%）.Compared with controls,N addition overall increased global warming potential of CH_4 and N_2O emissions by 78%.Our result revealed that response of CH_4 emission to N input might depend on the CH_4concentration in rice paddy.The critical factors that affected CH_4 uptake and N_2O emission were N fertilizer application rate and the controls of CH_4 uptake and N_2O emission.The influences of application times,cropping systems and measurement frequency should all be considered when assessing CH_4 and N_2O emissions/uptake induced by N fertilizer.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Soothing liver therapy on infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:Fifty-eight women with tubal infertili...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Soothing liver therapy on infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:Fifty-eight women with tubal infertility were randomized into two groups:30 in an experimental group treated with Xiaoyao powder(Shugan)plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog(GnRHa)/follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)and 28 in the control group who were treated with GnRHa/FSH/hCG only.The total gonadotropin(Gn)doses required,endometrial thickness,oocyte numbers,high quality embryo production rate and pregnancy rate of the two groups were compared.The concentration of growth differentiation factor-9(GDF-9)in follicular fluid was detected by western blotting and the expression of GDF-9 mRNA in granulosa cells was measured using reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction amplification.RESULTS:In the experimental group,the Gn dose was significantly lower than that in the control group;the endometrial thickness,high quality embryo production and pregnancy rates were significantly higher and the expression of GDF-9 mRNA was also significantly higher than in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Shugan treatment can improve the pregnancy rate of women with tubal infertility;its mechanism is possibly related to the increased expression of GDF-9 in granulosa cells.展开更多
Shanghai is the country＇s highest-child ratio, the degree of aging of the most polluted cities, the only child into the social impact of large-scale marriage age caused by its breadth and depth will be much higher th...Shanghai is the country＇s highest-child ratio, the degree of aging of the most polluted cities, the only child into the social impact of large-scale marriage age caused by its breadth and depth will be much higher than other cities and regions. Based on the theory of reference, through empirical Shanghai and factors influencing fertility desires, according to factors that Shanghai alone couples second child restraint, make recommendations accordingly to provide a scientific basis for sound policy alone two births, further promote the ＂The New Two--child＂ policy implemented smoothly.展开更多
Based on the detrital zircon U-Pb dating data,this paper discusses the provenance and constructs source-to-sink system of the Upper Jurassic in the North Yellow Sea Basin(NYSB),eastern North China Craton(ENCC).In addi...Based on the detrital zircon U-Pb dating data,this paper discusses the provenance and constructs source-to-sink system of the Upper Jurassic in the North Yellow Sea Basin(NYSB),eastern North China Craton(ENCC).In addition,to avoid the bias of detrital zircon ages caused by variations in zircon fertility,we collected 1709 whole rock zirconium content values(ppm)from granitic rocks with different ages in the North China Craton(NCC).Based on mean Zr content of granitic rocks in each age,these granitic rocks can be divided into four groups:Group A consists of Jurassic,Group B consists of Paleozoic,Neo-Mesoproterozoic and Neoarchean,Group C consists of Early Cretaceous and Triassic,and Group D consists of Paleoproterozoic.This research assigns to these groups zircon fertility factors(ZFF)of 1,1.4,1.8 and 2.2.The U-Pb age of detrital zircons from Late Jurassic sediments corrected by ZFF is statistically analyzed(K-S test,similarity,crosscorrelation,linkeness,and multidimensional scaling).And combining with paleocurrent and paleogeography,we construct two source-to-sink systems:(1)Jiaodong uplift and Sulu Orogenic Belt as the source area and the North Yellow Sea Basin as the sink area;(2)Liaodong Peninsula as the source area and the North Yellow Sea Basin as the sink area.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber p...[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.展开更多
文摘The main reasons for the high content of inorganic N and its increase by several times in the Changjiang River and its mouth during the last 40 years were analysed in this work. The inorganic N in precipitation in the Changjiang River catchment mainly comes from gaseous loss of fertilizer N, N resulting from the increases of population and livestock, and from high temperature combustions of fossil fuels. N from precipitation is the first N source in the Changjiang River water and the only direct cause of high content of inorganic N in the Changjiang River and its mouth. The lost N in gaseous form and from agriculture non point sources fertilizer comprised about 60% of annual consumption of fertilizer N in the Changjiang River catchment and were key factors controlling the high content of inorganic N in the Changjiang River mouth. The fate of the N in precipitation and other N sources in the Changjiang River catchment are also discussed in this paper.
基金financed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Strategic Priority Research Program(XDA05050602)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period of China(2012BAD14B01-1)
文摘The application of nitrogen（N） fertilizer to increase crop yields has a significant influence on soil methane（CH_4） and nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission/uptake.A meta-analysis was carried out on the effect of N application on（i） CH_4 emissions in rice paddies,（ii） CH_4 uptake in upland fields and（iii） N_2O emissions.The responses of CH_4 emissions to N application in rice paddies were highly variable and overall no effects were found.CH_4 emissions were stimulated at low N application rates（〈100 kg N ha^（-1）） but inhibited at high N rates（〉200 kg N ha^（-1）） as compared to no N fertilizer（control）.The response of CH_4 uptake to N application in upland fields was 15%lower than control,with a mean CH_4 uptake factor of-0.001 kg CH_4-C kg^（-1） N.The mean N_2O emission factors were 1.00 and 0.94%for maize（Zea mays） and wheat（Triticum aestivum）,respectively,but significantly lower for the rice（Oryza sativa）（0.51%）.Compared with controls,N addition overall increased global warming potential of CH_4 and N_2O emissions by 78%.Our result revealed that response of CH_4 emission to N input might depend on the CH_4concentration in rice paddy.The critical factors that affected CH_4 uptake and N_2O emission were N fertilizer application rate and the controls of CH_4 uptake and N_2O emission.The influences of application times,cropping systems and measurement frequency should all be considered when assessing CH_4 and N_2O emissions/uptake induced by N fertilizer.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173294)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Soothing liver therapy on infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)and to explore its mechanism.METHODS:Fifty-eight women with tubal infertility were randomized into two groups:30 in an experimental group treated with Xiaoyao powder(Shugan)plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog(GnRHa)/follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)and 28 in the control group who were treated with GnRHa/FSH/hCG only.The total gonadotropin(Gn)doses required,endometrial thickness,oocyte numbers,high quality embryo production rate and pregnancy rate of the two groups were compared.The concentration of growth differentiation factor-9(GDF-9)in follicular fluid was detected by western blotting and the expression of GDF-9 mRNA in granulosa cells was measured using reverse tran-scription-polymerase chain reaction amplification.RESULTS:In the experimental group,the Gn dose was significantly lower than that in the control group;the endometrial thickness,high quality embryo production and pregnancy rates were significantly higher and the expression of GDF-9 mRNA was also significantly higher than in the control group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Shugan treatment can improve the pregnancy rate of women with tubal infertility;its mechanism is possibly related to the increased expression of GDF-9 in granulosa cells.
文摘Shanghai is the country＇s highest-child ratio, the degree of aging of the most polluted cities, the only child into the social impact of large-scale marriage age caused by its breadth and depth will be much higher than other cities and regions. Based on the theory of reference, through empirical Shanghai and factors influencing fertility desires, according to factors that Shanghai alone couples second child restraint, make recommendations accordingly to provide a scientific basis for sound policy alone two births, further promote the ＂The New Two--child＂ policy implemented smoothly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41872101 and 41790453-4)。
文摘Based on the detrital zircon U-Pb dating data,this paper discusses the provenance and constructs source-to-sink system of the Upper Jurassic in the North Yellow Sea Basin(NYSB),eastern North China Craton(ENCC).In addition,to avoid the bias of detrital zircon ages caused by variations in zircon fertility,we collected 1709 whole rock zirconium content values(ppm)from granitic rocks with different ages in the North China Craton(NCC).Based on mean Zr content of granitic rocks in each age,these granitic rocks can be divided into four groups:Group A consists of Jurassic,Group B consists of Paleozoic,Neo-Mesoproterozoic and Neoarchean,Group C consists of Early Cretaceous and Triassic,and Group D consists of Paleoproterozoic.This research assigns to these groups zircon fertility factors(ZFF)of 1,1.4,1.8 and 2.2.The U-Pb age of detrital zircons from Late Jurassic sediments corrected by ZFF is statistically analyzed(K-S test,similarity,crosscorrelation,linkeness,and multidimensional scaling).And combining with paleocurrent and paleogeography,we construct two source-to-sink systems:(1)Jiaodong uplift and Sulu Orogenic Belt as the source area and the North Yellow Sea Basin as the sink area;(2)Liaodong Peninsula as the source area and the North Yellow Sea Basin as the sink area.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202302140601009).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to reveal the migration and distribution law of soil available nutrients in soil layer under moistube irrigation and screen out suitable fertilization modes for facility cucumber planting.[Methods]The experiment adopted the moistube irrigation mode and randomized block design.Seven treatments were set up as following:inorganic fertilizer(T 1),medium-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 2),high-concentration inorganic fertilizer(T 3),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+low-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 4),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+medium-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 5),low-concentration inorganic fertilizer+high-concentration biological organic fertilizer(T 6)and no fertilizer control(CK).Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil and fruit yield and quality were determined.[Results]Under the moistube irrigation mode,the application of soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the contents of available nutrients in the 0-40 cm soil layer available for cucumber utilization,and promote the absorption of available nutrients by cucumber plants.It reduced the contents of nitrate nitrogen and available potassium in the soil layer of 40-60 cm,but had no significant effect on the content of available phosphorus in the soil layer of 40-60 cm.Compared with the CK treatment,the cucumber yield,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of treatment T 6 increased by 69.27%,29.68%,55.91%and 32.5%,respectively.Compared with treatment T 3(high-concentration inorganic fertilizer),treatment T 6 showed no significant difference in yield,but its nitrate content decreased by 15.97%.Soluble bio-organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer could be well combined with moistube irrigation,which could not only achieve high yield,but also reduce the risk of environmental pollution caused by fertilization,thus achieving the purpose of saving water and fertilizers and protecting the ecological environment.Considering the yield and quality of cucumber fruit,treatment T 6 was a more suitable fertilization model for cucumber planting in moistube irrigation facilities.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the popularization of moistube irrigation techniques and efficient utilization of fertilizers.
