This paper described a new method for the trace determination of fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin and deltamethrin using multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） cartridge. Important parameters, such as the sample pH, eluent...This paper described a new method for the trace determination of fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin and deltamethrin using multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） cartridge. Important parameters, such as the sample pH, eluent and its volume, sample flow rate and sample volume were investigated in detail. The linear ranges, the detection limits, and precisions （R.S.D.） were in the range of 0.1- 40 μg L^-11, 1.34.3 ng L^-1 and 2.3-2.8%, respectively. The performance of the proposed method was validated with real water samples, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 91.7-117.8%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method was an excellent alternative for the routine analysis of such pollutants in environmental samples. 2007 Qing Xiang Zhou. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
The resistant inheritance mode of Tetranychus cinnabarinus to fenpropathrin were studied based on the resistance selection in laboratory. After 40 generations selection, T. cinnabarinus developed 68.5-fold resistance ...The resistant inheritance mode of Tetranychus cinnabarinus to fenpropathrin were studied based on the resistance selection in laboratory. After 40 generations selection, T. cinnabarinus developed 68.5-fold resistance to fenpropathrin. The methods of cross and back-cross between resistant （R） and sensitive （S） strains were used for exploring the inheritance mode of the resistance of this mite to fenpropathrin. The log （Lc）-p equation of F1 got from obverse （SR） and reverse （RS） crosses was intermediate between S and R and inclined to S, the dominant indices DSR and DRS were -0.83 and -0.29, respectively, which indicated that the resistance is controlled by the incompletely recessive gene; the 95% confidence limit of this two dominant indices do not superpose showing DSR and DRS have significant difference and the maternal or external karyon effect may be existed in resistance inheritance; the back-cross results of heterozygote F1 with its parents suggested that the separation of progenies F2 （SR♀× S ♂ and RS ♀ × R ♂） was consistent with Mendel＇s single gene inheritance model.展开更多
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases(SDRs)are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth,as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances,including drug...Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases(SDRs)are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth,as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances,including drugs.The expression levels of SDR genes are reportedly upregulated in the fenpropathrin(FEN)-resistant(FeR)strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus.However,the functions of these SDR genes in acaricide tolerance remain elusive.In this study,the activity of SDRs was found to be significantly higher(2.26-fold)in the FeR strain compared to the susceptible strain(SS)of T.cinnabarinus.A specific upregulated SDR gene,named SDR112C1,exhibited significant overexpression(3.13-fold)in the FeR population compared with that in the SS population.Furthermore,the expression of SDR112C1 showed a significant increase in the response to FEN induction.Additionally,knockdown of the SDR112C1 gene resulted in decreased SDR activity and reduced mite viability against FEN.Importantly,heterologous expression and in vitro incubation assays confirmed that recombinant SDR112C1 could effectively deplete FEN.Moreover,the overexpression of the SDR112C1 gene in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of FEN to transgenic fruit flies.These findings suggest that the overexpression of SDR SDR112C1 is a crucial factor contributing to FEN tolerance in T.cinnabarinus.This discovery not only enhances our understanding of SDR-mediated acaricide tolerance but also introduces a new family of detoxification enzymes to consider in practice,beyond cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases and glutathione S-transferases.展开更多
The silkworm Bombyx mori L.is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera.Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control.In this study,comparative metabolomics...The silkworm Bombyx mori L.is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera.Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control.In this study,comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6,12,and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin.Twenty-six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways:glycerophospholipid metabolism,sulfur metabolism,glycolysis,amino acid metabolism,the urea cycle,and the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points,sulfur metabolism,glycolysis,and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin.Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways.The combination of iron(II)fumarate+folic acid(IF-FA)enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold,indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance.Furthermore,the disruption of several energy-related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF-FA in vitro.Therefore,IF-FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways.展开更多
The degradation rates of fenpropathrin, phoxim and their mixture in un sterilized soil were much quicker than those in sterilized soil, which indicated that soil microorganisms played a significant role in the degrada...The degradation rates of fenpropathrin, phoxim and their mixture in un sterilized soil were much quicker than those in sterilized soil, which indicated that soil microorganisms played a significant role in the degradation process in soil. The half life (T 0.5 ) in un sterilized soil was 56.2 d for fenpropathrin, 57.8 d for mixed fenpropathrin, 48.2 d for phoxim, and 41.7 d for mixed phoxim. The corresponding half life (T 0.5 ) in sterilized soil was 135.1 d, 147.3 d, 123.6 d, and 126.2 d, respectively. There were no significant differences for degradation rates between single use and mixed use of fenpropathrin and phoxim.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Creative Talented Person＇s Fund of Henan Province （No. [20051126）；Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province （No. 072300460010）；the Fund of Henan Normal University （No. 2006PL06）；the grants from the Henan Key Laboratory for environmental pollution control.
文摘This paper described a new method for the trace determination of fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin and deltamethrin using multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） cartridge. Important parameters, such as the sample pH, eluent and its volume, sample flow rate and sample volume were investigated in detail. The linear ranges, the detection limits, and precisions （R.S.D.） were in the range of 0.1- 40 μg L^-11, 1.34.3 ng L^-1 and 2.3-2.8%, respectively. The performance of the proposed method was validated with real water samples, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 91.7-117.8%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method was an excellent alternative for the routine analysis of such pollutants in environmental samples. 2007 Qing Xiang Zhou. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39970493)．
文摘The resistant inheritance mode of Tetranychus cinnabarinus to fenpropathrin were studied based on the resistance selection in laboratory. After 40 generations selection, T. cinnabarinus developed 68.5-fold resistance to fenpropathrin. The methods of cross and back-cross between resistant （R） and sensitive （S） strains were used for exploring the inheritance mode of the resistance of this mite to fenpropathrin. The log （Lc）-p equation of F1 got from obverse （SR） and reverse （RS） crosses was intermediate between S and R and inclined to S, the dominant indices DSR and DRS were -0.83 and -0.29, respectively, which indicated that the resistance is controlled by the incompletely recessive gene; the 95% confidence limit of this two dominant indices do not superpose showing DSR and DRS have significant difference and the maternal or external karyon effect may be existed in resistance inheritance; the back-cross results of heterozygote F1 with its parents suggested that the separation of progenies F2 （SR♀× S ♂ and RS ♀ × R ♂） was consistent with Mendel＇s single gene inheritance model.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2202202)the National Key Research,Development Program of China(2023YFD1400000)Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum independent project(3GM2022-KTZ06).
文摘Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases(SDRs)are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth,as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances,including drugs.The expression levels of SDR genes are reportedly upregulated in the fenpropathrin(FEN)-resistant(FeR)strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus.However,the functions of these SDR genes in acaricide tolerance remain elusive.In this study,the activity of SDRs was found to be significantly higher(2.26-fold)in the FeR strain compared to the susceptible strain(SS)of T.cinnabarinus.A specific upregulated SDR gene,named SDR112C1,exhibited significant overexpression(3.13-fold)in the FeR population compared with that in the SS population.Furthermore,the expression of SDR112C1 showed a significant increase in the response to FEN induction.Additionally,knockdown of the SDR112C1 gene resulted in decreased SDR activity and reduced mite viability against FEN.Importantly,heterologous expression and in vitro incubation assays confirmed that recombinant SDR112C1 could effectively deplete FEN.Moreover,the overexpression of the SDR112C1 gene in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of FEN to transgenic fruit flies.These findings suggest that the overexpression of SDR SDR112C1 is a crucial factor contributing to FEN tolerance in T.cinnabarinus.This discovery not only enhances our understanding of SDR-mediated acaricide tolerance but also introduces a new family of detoxification enzymes to consider in practice,beyond cytochrome P450s,carboxyl/choline esterases and glutathione S-transferases.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31802137)the Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies(JS-2019-230)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LY20C040002)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX22_1993).
文摘The silkworm Bombyx mori L.is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera.Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control.In this study,comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6,12,and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin.Twenty-six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways:glycerophospholipid metabolism,sulfur metabolism,glycolysis,amino acid metabolism,the urea cycle,and the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points,sulfur metabolism,glycolysis,and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin.Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways.The combination of iron(II)fumarate+folic acid(IF-FA)enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold,indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance.Furthermore,the disruption of several energy-related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF-FA in vitro.Therefore,IF-FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways.
文摘The degradation rates of fenpropathrin, phoxim and their mixture in un sterilized soil were much quicker than those in sterilized soil, which indicated that soil microorganisms played a significant role in the degradation process in soil. The half life (T 0.5 ) in un sterilized soil was 56.2 d for fenpropathrin, 57.8 d for mixed fenpropathrin, 48.2 d for phoxim, and 41.7 d for mixed phoxim. The corresponding half life (T 0.5 ) in sterilized soil was 135.1 d, 147.3 d, 123.6 d, and 126.2 d, respectively. There were no significant differences for degradation rates between single use and mixed use of fenpropathrin and phoxim.
