To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and ...To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).展开更多
This paper summarizes the current knowledge regarding the possible modes of action and nutritional factors involved in the use of essential oils （EOs） for swine and poultry. EOs have recently attracted increased int...This paper summarizes the current knowledge regarding the possible modes of action and nutritional factors involved in the use of essential oils （EOs） for swine and poultry. EOs have recently attracted increased interest as feed additives to be fed to swine and poultry, possibly replacing the use of antibiotic growth promoters which have been prohibited in the European Union since 2006. In general, EOs enhance the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic stress in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and reinforce the animal＇s immune status, which help to explain the enhanced performance observed in swine and poultry. However, the mechanisms involved in causing this growth promotion are far from being elucidated, since data on the complex gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system are still lacking. In addition, limited information is available regarding the interaction between EOs and feed ingredients or other feed additives （especially pro- or prebiotics and organic acids）. This knowledge may help feed formulators to better utilize EOs when they formulate diets for poultry and swine.展开更多
Background:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive(PFA;PFA1,bitter citrus extract;PFA2,a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol;PFA3,a mixture of bitter citrus ext...Background:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive(PFA;PFA1,bitter citrus extract;PFA2,a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol;PFA3,a mixture of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol;PFA4,a premixture of grape seed,grape marc extract,green tea,and hops;PFA5,fenugreek seed powder)on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and immune response in weaned pigs infected with Escherichia coli(E.coli).Results:A total of 634-week-old weaned pigs were placed in individual metabolic cages and assigned to seven treatment groups.The seven treatments were as follows:1)NC;basal diet without E.coli challenge,2)PC;basal diet with E.coli challenge,3)T1;PC+0.04%PFA1,4)T2;PC+0.01%PFA2,5)T3;PC+0.10%PFA3,6)T4;PC+0.04%PFA4,7)T5;PC+0.10%PFA5.The experiments lasted in 21 d,including 7 d before and 14 d after the first E.coli challenge.In the E.coli challenge treatments,all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E.coli F18 for 3 consecutive days.The PFA-added groups significantly increased(P<0.05)average daily gain and feed efficiency and decreased(P<0.05)the fecal score at d 0 to 14 post-inoculation(PI).Tumor necrosis factorαwas significantly lower(P<0.05)in the PFA-added groups except for T1 in d 14 PI compared to the PC treatment.The T3 had a higher(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A concentration compared to the PC treatment at d 7 PI.Also,T3 showed significantly higher(P<0.05)villus height:crypt depth and claudin 1 expression in ileal mucosa,and significantly downregulated(P<0.05)the expression of calprotectin compared to the PC treatment.Conclusions:Supplementation of PFA in weaned pigs challenged with E.coli alleviated the negative effects of E.coli and improved growth performance.Among them,the mixed additive of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol showed the most effective results,improving immune response,intestinal morphology,and expression of tight junctions.展开更多
Background:Since the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a critical concern worldwide due to severe threats to human health and environment,we are in need of finding alternatives to antibiotics in pig breedin...Background:Since the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a critical concern worldwide due to severe threats to human health and environment,we are in need of finding alternatives to antibiotics in pig breeding,maintaining the health of pigs,and getting high-quality pork.As traditional Chinese herbs(TCH)are rich natural resources in China and show great benefits to human health we propose to transfer this abundant resource into animal production industry as additives.Methods:Three groups of Chinese herbs(groups A,B,and C)were used as feed additives in the diet for pigs.In total 32 pigs were arranged in four groups(groups A,B,C,and control group,NC),fed in the same facility,eight pigs(one group)in each colony,free drinking,for 120 days.The feed:gain ratio(F/G),meat quality,total protein,and amino acid concentration of muscle were checked in the experiments.Results:After 120 days of feeding,the feed:gain ratio(F/G)of pigs in groups A,B,and C was decreased 17.56%,9.31%,and 13.86%compared with NC treatment,respectively.The diets supplemented with Chinese herbs improved meat quality,increased loin eye area(especially group A and C showed significant difference,P<.001),the total protein(increased ratio vs NC was A=4.54%,B=0.38%and C=3.53%),amino acid concentration of muscle,increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio,and induced positive effects on serum biochemical parameters and immune function(serum TC and TG concentrations were significantly lower than those in the NC group,P<.05.).Conclusions:The use of Chinese herbal feed additives can reduce the cost of pig breeding and produce high-quality pock.The combination of these effects would contribute to better absorption ability of the intestinal tract and yield a better growth performance.展开更多
Feed security is a prerequisite for safe animal food products.In this study,13 groups of feed and feed ingredients,totaling 2067 samples,were collected in the period of 2011 to 2014 from China.The highest mean level o...Feed security is a prerequisite for safe animal food products.In this study,13 groups of feed and feed ingredients,totaling 2067 samples,were collected in the period of 2011 to 2014 from China.The highest mean level of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） was found in fish meals and shell powders,with a concentration of 60.35 ng/kg,followed by mineral origin materials.In terms of the toxicity equivalent concentration,the fish oil group showed the highest PCDD/F levels because of their bio-accumulation through the aquatic food chain,with an average concentration of 1.26 ng WHO-TEQ/kg,while the lowest level was observed in compound feed for chickens and pigs,with an average value of0.16 ng WHO-TEQ/kg.OCDD and OCDF were the predominant congeners in all groups except fish oils,in which the primary congeners were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDF.For zinc chloride samples,different from other zinc-based compound samples,the main congeners were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF（17%）,1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF（15%）,1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF（12%） and OCDF（30%）.Considering toxicity equivalency factors,the dominant congeners were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF,2,3,7,8-TCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD,and the contribution to the total TEQwas29%,16%,14%and 12%,respectively.Overall,2.1%（43 out of 2067） of all the analyzed samples exceeded the different individual ＇European Union maximum limited levels for PCDD/Fs.This study is beneficial for the determination of the status of contamination levels of feed and feed ingredients.展开更多
The widespread ban on in-feed antibiotics in many regions has driven the search for natural alternatives to maintain health and production efficiency in swine and poultry.Phytogenic feed additives(PFAs)derived from he...The widespread ban on in-feed antibiotics in many regions has driven the search for natural alternatives to maintain health and production efficiency in swine and poultry.Phytogenic feed additives(PFAs)derived from herbs and plant extracts have emerged as promising candidates owing to their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial properties.Among these,silymarin—a flavonolignan complex extracted from milk thistle(Silybum marianum)—has attracted particular attention due to its hepatoprotective and growth-promoting activities.This review summarizes the chemical characteristics and mechanisms of action of silymarin/silybin.Also,evidence from both experimental and field studies shows that silymarin improves growth performance,nutrient digestibility,gut health,and reproductive outcomes.Advances in formulation technologies,such as micellization,have been addressed for improved bioavailability of silymarin.Despite these promising results,further long-term field studies and economic evaluations are needed to fully integrate silymarin into commercial animal production systems.展开更多
Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to s...Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production.Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens.In this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens.The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production.The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are covered.The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies.Finally,we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission.Looking forward,we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.展开更多
The Camellia oleifera meal(COM),a primary byproduct of oil-tea processing,often being discarded or used as a low-grade fertilizer due to its low value.The underutilization has become a significant bottleneck hindering...The Camellia oleifera meal(COM),a primary byproduct of oil-tea processing,often being discarded or used as a low-grade fertilizer due to its low value.The underutilization has become a significant bottleneck hindering the high-quality development of the oil-tea industry.In this study,the production of antibiotic-free feed additives through the solid-state fermentation of COM by Acremonium terricola was investigated.Our findings revealed that a saponin concentration of 5 mg/mL significantly enhanced the production of cordycepic acid(70.4 mg/g),ergosterol(3.32 mg/g),and chitin(110 mg/g)by A.terricola.This concentration also promoted chitin production and the activities of peroxidase(POD)and Na+/K+-ATPase,thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance in A.terricola.Solid-state fermented rice bran(RB),wheat bran(WB),and desaponificated COM(containing 2.6 mg/100 g of tea saponin)were all found to be beneficial for increasing the production of cordycepic acid and ergosterol.The blend of COM,RB,and WB in the ratio of 15:65:20 was particularly advantageous for the production and accumulation of cordycepic acid and ergosterol,yielding 1.54 and 1.43 times,1.27 and 1.37 times,and 1.98 and 5.52 times more than those produced by WB,RB,and COM alone,respectively.Meantime,the difference in contents of sugar and protein in A.terricola cultures(ATCs)using combination were not significant compared to RB and WB.These results indicated that COM can partially replace foodstuffs or food by-products to prepare antibiotic-free feed additives by A.terricola.展开更多
Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),which have significant advantages over other batteries,including low cost,high safety,high ionic conductivity,and a natural abundance of zinc,have been regarded as a ...Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),which have significant advantages over other batteries,including low cost,high safety,high ionic conductivity,and a natural abundance of zinc,have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).ZIBs still face some critical challenges,however,especially for building a reversible zinc anode.To address the reversibility of zinc anode,great efforts have been made on intrinsic anode engineering and anode interface modification.Less attention has been devoted to the electrolyte additives,however,which could not only significantly improve the reversibility of zinc anode,but also determine the viability and overall performance of ZIBs.This review aims to provide an overview of the two main functions of electrolyte additives,followed by details on six reasons why additives might improve the performance of ZIBs from the perspectives of creating new layers and regulating current plating/stripping processes.Furthermore,the remaining difficulties and potential directions for additives in aqueous ZIBs are also highlighted.展开更多
Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of ...Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.展开更多
[ Objectivel To investigate the effects of three different levels of feed additives on fur production performance of Rex rabbit. [ Method] A total of 60 healthy American strain Rex rabbits at the age of 60 d （female...[ Objectivel To investigate the effects of three different levels of feed additives on fur production performance of Rex rabbit. [ Method] A total of 60 healthy American strain Rex rabbits at the age of 60 d （female：male =1：1 ） were randomly divided into group I, group II and group III. The Rex rabbits in the group I were fed basal diet containing nutritional substances; those in the group II were fed basal diet containing nutdtionai substances and Chinese herbal additive; and those in the group III were fed basal diet containing nutritional substances, Chinese herbal additive and enzyme. The trial lasted for 100 d. After slaughtering, the fur area, fur thickness, wool density, wool fineness and coarse wool rate were determined. [Result] The fur production performance of group III was significantly higher than that of group I （ P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group III and group II. [ Conclusion] Supplementing Chinese herbal additive and enzyme in diet can improve the fur production performance of Rex rabbit.展开更多
Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives.Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubri...Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives.Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubricant additives,their macromolecular analogs have been rarely considered yet to develop environmentally friendly lubricant additives.In this work,a series of boron-containing copolymers have been synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate and isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester with different feeding ratios(S_(n)-r-B_(m),n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5,9).The resulting copolymers of S_(n)-r-B_(m)(n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5)are readily dispersed in the PAO-10 base oil and form micelle-like aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 9.7 to 52 nm.SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating tribological tests on ball-on-flat steel pairs show that compared with the base oil of PAO-10,the friction coefficients and wear volumes of the base oil solutions of S_(n)-r-B_(m)decrease considerably up to 62%and 97%,respectively.Moreover,the base oil solution of S_(1)-r-B_(1)exhibits an excellent load-bearing capacity of(850±100)N.These superior lubricating properties are due to the formation of protective tribofilms comprising S_(n)-r-B_(m),boron oxide,and iron oxide compounds on the lubricated steel surface.Therefore,the boron-containing copolymers can be regarded as a novel class of environmentally friendly lubricating oil macroadditives for efficient friction and wear reduction without sulfur and phosphorus elements.展开更多
The textile industry has long relied on various additives to enhance the properties of fabrics,making them more durable,resistant to stains,and even antimicrobial.These additives include dyes,coatings,flame retardants...The textile industry has long relied on various additives to enhance the properties of fabrics,making them more durable,resistant to stains,and even antimicrobial.These additives include dyes,coatings,flame retardants,and water-repellent finishes.While they offer significant functional benefits,they pose a serious challenge when it comes to recycling textiles.Since many of these additives are chemically bonded to fibres,they make the separation and recovery of pure materials incredibly difficult.展开更多
Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL‐ODH)is a promising novel method to convert ethane into higher value‐added ethylene.In this study,perovskite‐type Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) was prepared by the one‐step cit...Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL‐ODH)is a promising novel method to convert ethane into higher value‐added ethylene.In this study,perovskite‐type Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) was prepared by the one‐step citric acid‐gel method and applied as an oxygen carrier in the CL‐ODH process of ethane to ethylene;moreover,the effects of CuO,ZnO,and MgO as additives were investigated.The properties of the oxygen carriers were characterized using XRD,BET,XPS,H_(2)‐TPR,O_(2)‐TPD,and EPR.Characterization results showed that the addition of additives into Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) increased the amounts of surface chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen.Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) had a strong ability to absorb and release oxygen after adding CuO,ZnO,and MgO,respectively.The performances of the oxygen carriers for CL‐ODH of ethane to ethylene were studied at a reaction temperature of 650℃,atmospheric pressure,and GHSV of 15,000 mL/g·h in eight redox cycles.All the oxygen carriers had 100%ethane conversion,and ZnO‐Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) exhibited the best ethylene selectivity of more than 70%in all the oxygen carriers.It was confirmed that lattice oxygen was mainly responsible for the selectivity of ethylene,and oxygen vacancies were conducive to the migration of lattice oxygen.Most of Zn^(2+) entered into the bulk phase of Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3),and formed lots of oxygen vacancies.展开更多
Lubricating greases are widely used in mechanical engineering,especially in rolling bearing.Carbon-based materials show promise as lubricant additive for formulating high-performance grease.However,the enhancement of ...Lubricating greases are widely used in mechanical engineering,especially in rolling bearing.Carbon-based materials show promise as lubricant additive for formulating high-performance grease.However,the enhancement of lubrication performance of carbon-based materials limits by the simple lubricating mechanism.This work demonstrates that nanocomposite of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived carbon as a grease additive can improve the tribological properties of bentone grease.HKUST-1 was synthesized by a solvent method and converted into HKUST-1 derived carbon(HDC) via one-step pyrolysis sacrifice template method.After pyrolysis of HKUST-1 at 350℃,Cu_(2+)was reduced to zero-valence copper.With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 950℃,both the particle size of copper in HDC and the degree of graphite defect increased gradually.Types of HDCs as base grease additives significantly improved friction-reduction and anti-wear performance of bentone grease.Compared with the base grease,HDC-950 ℃ with the amount of 2 wt% addition reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss by 35.5% and 97.0%,respectively.The superior tribological performance of the HDC-950℃is attributed to the synergistic effect of carbon and copper nanoparticles to induce tribochemical reaction,which form a stable protective film on the friction surfaces.This study highlights the potential of MOFs-derived carbon for developing high-performance grease additives.展开更多
Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Znion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits.However,...Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Znion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits.However,the impact of cationic and anionic moieties within zwitterions on enhancing the performance of AZIBs remains poorly understood.Herein,three zwitterions,namely carboxybetaine methacrylate(CBMA),sulfobetaine methacrylate(SBMA),and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC),were selected as additives to investigate their different action mechanisms in AZIBs.All three zwitterions have the same quaternary ammonium as the positively charged group,but having different negatively charged segments,i.e.,carboxylate,sulfonate,and phosphate for CBMA,SBMA,and MPC,respectively.By systematical electrochemical analysis,these zwitterions all contribute to enhanced cycling life of Zn anode,with MPC having the most pronounced effect,which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of positively quaternary ammonium group and unique negatively phosphate groups.As a result,the Zn//Zn cell with MPC as additive in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte exhibits an ultralong lifespan over 5000 h.This work proposes new insights to the future development of multifunctional zwitterionic additives for remarkably stable AZIBs.展开更多
The fine control of active blend morphologies is crucial to achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,by introducing structurally simple,non-halogenated volatile solid additives,we have demonstrate...The fine control of active blend morphologies is crucial to achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,by introducing structurally simple,non-halogenated volatile solid additives,we have demonstrated that the polar 2-naphthonitrile(2-CAN)additives help modulate the kinetics of blend morphological evolution during film drying.It is revealed that 2-CAN favorably interacted with acceptor moieties,and the transition from presence to absence of additives triggered the arrangement and aggregation of acceptors,hence yielding the ordered molecular stacks in the bulk heterojunction(BHJ)blends.Optimal blend morphologies with fibril networks were established to improve the excitonic and charge dynamics of active blends,enabling PM6:L8-BO binary OSCs with the promising efficiency of 19.08%(with 2-CAN),which outperformed that of devices with non-polar naphthalene(NA)additives(18.18%)or without additive treatments(17.43%).Meanwhile,non-halogenated 2-CAN exhibited excellent processing features of reproducibility and versatility toward different active blends for fabricating efficient devices.Such 2-CAN-assisted devices with robust transport layers allowed maintaining decent thermal stabilities under continuous 85℃ of thermal annealing.Overall,this work provides an effective strategy on tuning blend morphologies for efficient organic photovoltaics.展开更多
In the quest to develop high-performance lubrication additives,a novel nanocomposite comprising biodiesel soot modified by silver(Ag/BDS)was synthesized.The tribological behavior of Ag/BDS nanocomposite as an additive...In the quest to develop high-performance lubrication additives,a novel nanocomposite comprising biodiesel soot modified by silver(Ag/BDS)was synthesized.The tribological behavior of Ag/BDS nanocomposite as an additive for liquid paraffin(LP)were systematically investigated using response surface methodology.To elucidate the friction and wear mechanisms associated with the Ag/BDS nanocomposite,various analytical techniques were employed,including scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS),Raman spectroscopy,and molecular dynamics simulations.The results show that the concentration of Ag/BDS has a significant impact on the tribological properties of LP under different applied loads and sliding speeds.Notably,LP containing 0.25%Ag/BDS shows the most favorable tribological performance and in comparison,to pure LP,the average friction coefficient and average wear volume have been reduced by 42.7%and 21.2%,respectively.The mechanisms underlying the reduction in friction and anti-wear mechanism of Ag/BDS have been attributed to the excellent synergies of Ag and BDS.Specifically,the Ag particles facilitate the incorporation of BDS particles in the formation of uniform boundary lubrication films.展开更多
The performance of organic solar cells is significantly influenced by the acceptor molecular packing properties within the active layers,which is essential for optimizing charge dynamics and photovoltaic performance.H...The performance of organic solar cells is significantly influenced by the acceptor molecular packing properties within the active layers,which is essential for optimizing charge dynamics and photovoltaic performance.However,achieving precise control over this packaging structure presents a considerable challenge.Herein,we propose a dual additive strategy utilizing dibenzofuran and halogenated naphthalene to systematically manipulate molecular packing orientation and enhance the long-range molecular packing order of the acceptors.Dibenzofuran is crucial in promoting crystallinity within the material,facilitating the formation of an ordered structure,while halogenated naphthalene regulates the orientation of the molecules,ensuring proper alignment.Specifically,the combination of dibenzofuran and 1-chloronaphthalene promotes edge-on molecular packing and enhances the formation of nanofibrillar structures with improved order,leading to improved charge transport and device performance.Implementing this strategy in devices composed of PM6 and L8-BO has yielded a power conversion efficiency of 19.58%,accompanied by long-term stability.Similarly,1-fluoronaphthalene has also demonstrated effectiveness in improving molecular orientation and overall device efficiency,demonstrating the robustness of this dual additive strategy.By addressing the challenges associated with molecular packing and orientation in active layers,our result contributes valuable insights into optimizing organic solar cells for practical applications.展开更多
The performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is greatly hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites.To address this question,we developed a weak polar additiv...The performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is greatly hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites.To address this question,we developed a weak polar additive strategy to develop stable and dendrite-free electrolyte for LMBs.In this paper,the effects of additives on the Li^(+)solvation kinetics and the electrode-electrolyte interphases(EEI)formation are discussed.The function of synergistically boosting the superior Li^(+)kinetics and alleviating solvent decomposition on the electrodes is confirmed.From the thermodynamic view,the exothermic process of defluorination reaction for 3,5-difluoropyridine(3,5-DFPy)results in the formation of LiF-rich SEI layer for promoting the uniform Li nucleation and deposition.From the dynamic view,the weakened Li^(+)solvation structure induced by weak polar 3,5-DFPy contributes to better Li^(+)kinetics through the easier Li^(+)desolvation.As expected,Li||Li cell with 1.0 wt%3,5-DFPy exhibits 400 cycles at 1.0 mA cm^(-2)with a deposition capacity of 0.5 mAh cm^(-2),and the Li||LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)batteries delivers the highly reversible capacity after 200 cycles.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378180,22078141)Education Department Foundation of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20230960)。
文摘To deepen understanding of the evolution of coal char microstructural properties of coal char during the co-pyrolysis of coking coal with additives,this study incorporated two typical additives,coal tar pitch(CTP)and waste plastic(HDPE),into a blended coal sample and carried out pyrolysis experiments.The pyrolysis process and the microstructure of char were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques,including thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Raman spectroscopy.Data correlation analysis was performed to reveal the mechanism of carbon structural ordering evolution within the critical temperature range(350−600℃)from colloidal layer formation to semi-coke conversion in coking coal,and to elucidate the regulatory effects of different additives on coal pyrolysis pathways.The results indicate that HDPE releases free radicals during high-temperature pyrolysis,accelerating the pyrolysis reaction and increase the yield of volatile components.Conversely,CTP facilitates pyrolysis at low temperatures through its light components,thereby delaying high-temperature reactions due to the colloidal layer’s effect.XRD results indicate that during the process of pyrolysis,there is a progressive decrease in the interlayer spacing of aromatic layers(d002),while the aromatic ring stacking height(L_(c))and lateral size(L_(a))undergo significant of carbon skeleton ordering.Further comparative reveals that CTP partially suppresses structural ordering at low temperatures,whereas HDPE promotes the condensation and alignment of aromatic clusters via a free radical mechanism.Raman spectroscopy reveals a two-stage reorganization mechanism in the microstructure of the coal char:the decrease in the I_(D)/I_(G)ratio between 350 and 550℃is primarily attributed to the cleavage of aliphatic side chains and cross-linking bonds,leading to a reduction in defective structures;whereas the increase in ID/IG between 550 and 600℃is closely associated with enhanced condensation reactions of aromatic structures.Correlation analysis further demonstrates progressive graphitization during pyrolysis,with a significant positive correlation(R^(2)>0.85)observed between d002 and the full width at half maximum of the G-band(FWHM-G).
文摘This paper summarizes the current knowledge regarding the possible modes of action and nutritional factors involved in the use of essential oils （EOs） for swine and poultry. EOs have recently attracted increased interest as feed additives to be fed to swine and poultry, possibly replacing the use of antibiotic growth promoters which have been prohibited in the European Union since 2006. In general, EOs enhance the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic stress in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and reinforce the animal＇s immune status, which help to explain the enhanced performance observed in swine and poultry. However, the mechanisms involved in causing this growth promotion are far from being elucidated, since data on the complex gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system are still lacking. In addition, limited information is available regarding the interaction between EOs and feed ingredients or other feed additives （especially pro- or prebiotics and organic acids）. This knowledge may help feed formulators to better utilize EOs when they formulate diets for poultry and swine.
基金carried out with the support of“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science&Technology Development(Project No.PJ01622001)”Rural Development Administration,Korea。
文摘Background:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive(PFA;PFA1,bitter citrus extract;PFA2,a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol;PFA3,a mixture of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol;PFA4,a premixture of grape seed,grape marc extract,green tea,and hops;PFA5,fenugreek seed powder)on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and immune response in weaned pigs infected with Escherichia coli(E.coli).Results:A total of 634-week-old weaned pigs were placed in individual metabolic cages and assigned to seven treatment groups.The seven treatments were as follows:1)NC;basal diet without E.coli challenge,2)PC;basal diet with E.coli challenge,3)T1;PC+0.04%PFA1,4)T2;PC+0.01%PFA2,5)T3;PC+0.10%PFA3,6)T4;PC+0.04%PFA4,7)T5;PC+0.10%PFA5.The experiments lasted in 21 d,including 7 d before and 14 d after the first E.coli challenge.In the E.coli challenge treatments,all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E.coli F18 for 3 consecutive days.The PFA-added groups significantly increased(P<0.05)average daily gain and feed efficiency and decreased(P<0.05)the fecal score at d 0 to 14 post-inoculation(PI).Tumor necrosis factorαwas significantly lower(P<0.05)in the PFA-added groups except for T1 in d 14 PI compared to the PC treatment.The T3 had a higher(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A concentration compared to the PC treatment at d 7 PI.Also,T3 showed significantly higher(P<0.05)villus height:crypt depth and claudin 1 expression in ileal mucosa,and significantly downregulated(P<0.05)the expression of calprotectin compared to the PC treatment.Conclusions:Supplementation of PFA in weaned pigs challenged with E.coli alleviated the negative effects of E.coli and improved growth performance.Among them,the mixed additive of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol showed the most effective results,improving immune response,intestinal morphology,and expression of tight junctions.
基金This work was financially supported by Fujian Provincial Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(2019R1021-5)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of FAAS,PR China(STIT2017-1-9)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22).
文摘Background:Since the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a critical concern worldwide due to severe threats to human health and environment,we are in need of finding alternatives to antibiotics in pig breeding,maintaining the health of pigs,and getting high-quality pork.As traditional Chinese herbs(TCH)are rich natural resources in China and show great benefits to human health we propose to transfer this abundant resource into animal production industry as additives.Methods:Three groups of Chinese herbs(groups A,B,and C)were used as feed additives in the diet for pigs.In total 32 pigs were arranged in four groups(groups A,B,C,and control group,NC),fed in the same facility,eight pigs(one group)in each colony,free drinking,for 120 days.The feed:gain ratio(F/G),meat quality,total protein,and amino acid concentration of muscle were checked in the experiments.Results:After 120 days of feeding,the feed:gain ratio(F/G)of pigs in groups A,B,and C was decreased 17.56%,9.31%,and 13.86%compared with NC treatment,respectively.The diets supplemented with Chinese herbs improved meat quality,increased loin eye area(especially group A and C showed significant difference,P<.001),the total protein(increased ratio vs NC was A=4.54%,B=0.38%and C=3.53%),amino acid concentration of muscle,increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio,and induced positive effects on serum biochemical parameters and immune function(serum TC and TG concentrations were significantly lower than those in the NC group,P<.05.).Conclusions:The use of Chinese herbal feed additives can reduce the cost of pig breeding and produce high-quality pock.The combination of these effects would contribute to better absorption ability of the intestinal tract and yield a better growth performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21525730)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB14030401 and XDB14030402)
文摘Feed security is a prerequisite for safe animal food products.In this study,13 groups of feed and feed ingredients,totaling 2067 samples,were collected in the period of 2011 to 2014 from China.The highest mean level of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） was found in fish meals and shell powders,with a concentration of 60.35 ng/kg,followed by mineral origin materials.In terms of the toxicity equivalent concentration,the fish oil group showed the highest PCDD/F levels because of their bio-accumulation through the aquatic food chain,with an average concentration of 1.26 ng WHO-TEQ/kg,while the lowest level was observed in compound feed for chickens and pigs,with an average value of0.16 ng WHO-TEQ/kg.OCDD and OCDF were the predominant congeners in all groups except fish oils,in which the primary congeners were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDF.For zinc chloride samples,different from other zinc-based compound samples,the main congeners were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF（17%）,1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF（15%）,1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF（12%） and OCDF（30%）.Considering toxicity equivalency factors,the dominant congeners were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF,2,3,7,8-TCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD,and the contribution to the total TEQwas29%,16%,14%and 12%,respectively.Overall,2.1%（43 out of 2067） of all the analyzed samples exceeded the different individual ＇European Union maximum limited levels for PCDD/Fs.This study is beneficial for the determination of the status of contamination levels of feed and feed ingredients.
基金supported by the research fund of Dankook University in 2025.
文摘The widespread ban on in-feed antibiotics in many regions has driven the search for natural alternatives to maintain health and production efficiency in swine and poultry.Phytogenic feed additives(PFAs)derived from herbs and plant extracts have emerged as promising candidates owing to their antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial properties.Among these,silymarin—a flavonolignan complex extracted from milk thistle(Silybum marianum)—has attracted particular attention due to its hepatoprotective and growth-promoting activities.This review summarizes the chemical characteristics and mechanisms of action of silymarin/silybin.Also,evidence from both experimental and field studies shows that silymarin improves growth performance,nutrient digestibility,gut health,and reproductive outcomes.Advances in formulation technologies,such as micellization,have been addressed for improved bioavailability of silymarin.Despite these promising results,further long-term field studies and economic evaluations are needed to fully integrate silymarin into commercial animal production systems.
文摘Ongoing challenges in the swine industry,such as reduced access to antibiotics and virus outbreaks(e.g.,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,African swine fever virus),have prompted calls for innovative feed additives to support pig production.Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)and monoglycerides have emerged as a potential option due to key molecular features and versatile functions,including inhibitory activity against viral and bacterial pathogens.In this review,we summarize recent studies examining the potential of MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives to improve pig gut health and to mitigate feed pathogens.The molecular properties and biological functions of MCFAs and monoglycerides are first introduced along with an overview of intervention needs at different stages of pig production.The latest progress in testing MCFAs and monoglycerides as feed additives in pig diets is then presented,and their effects on a wide range of production issues,such as growth performance,pathogenic infections,and gut health,are covered.The utilization of MCFAs and monoglycerides together with other feed additives such as organic acids and probiotics is also described,along with advances in molecular encapsulation and delivery strategies.Finally,we discuss how MCFAs and monoglycerides demonstrate potential for feed pathogen mitigation to curb disease transmission.Looking forward,we envision that MCFAs and monoglycerides may become an important class of feed additives in pig production for gut health improvement and feed pathogen mitigation.
基金financially supported by Hunan Province Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(XLK202445)plan of Hunan Province Key Research and Development(2023NK2034)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents of Hunan Province(2019TP1029).
文摘The Camellia oleifera meal(COM),a primary byproduct of oil-tea processing,often being discarded or used as a low-grade fertilizer due to its low value.The underutilization has become a significant bottleneck hindering the high-quality development of the oil-tea industry.In this study,the production of antibiotic-free feed additives through the solid-state fermentation of COM by Acremonium terricola was investigated.Our findings revealed that a saponin concentration of 5 mg/mL significantly enhanced the production of cordycepic acid(70.4 mg/g),ergosterol(3.32 mg/g),and chitin(110 mg/g)by A.terricola.This concentration also promoted chitin production and the activities of peroxidase(POD)and Na+/K+-ATPase,thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and energy balance in A.terricola.Solid-state fermented rice bran(RB),wheat bran(WB),and desaponificated COM(containing 2.6 mg/100 g of tea saponin)were all found to be beneficial for increasing the production of cordycepic acid and ergosterol.The blend of COM,RB,and WB in the ratio of 15:65:20 was particularly advantageous for the production and accumulation of cordycepic acid and ergosterol,yielding 1.54 and 1.43 times,1.27 and 1.37 times,and 1.98 and 5.52 times more than those produced by WB,RB,and COM alone,respectively.Meantime,the difference in contents of sugar and protein in A.terricola cultures(ATCs)using combination were not significant compared to RB and WB.These results indicated that COM can partially replace foodstuffs or food by-products to prepare antibiotic-free feed additives by A.terricola.
基金supported by a Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA,No.DE180101478) of the Australian Research CouncilNational Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program,No.52204378).
文摘Aqueous-electrolyte-based zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs),which have significant advantages over other batteries,including low cost,high safety,high ionic conductivity,and a natural abundance of zinc,have been regarded as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).ZIBs still face some critical challenges,however,especially for building a reversible zinc anode.To address the reversibility of zinc anode,great efforts have been made on intrinsic anode engineering and anode interface modification.Less attention has been devoted to the electrolyte additives,however,which could not only significantly improve the reversibility of zinc anode,but also determine the viability and overall performance of ZIBs.This review aims to provide an overview of the two main functions of electrolyte additives,followed by details on six reasons why additives might improve the performance of ZIBs from the perspectives of creating new layers and regulating current plating/stripping processes.Furthermore,the remaining difficulties and potential directions for additives in aqueous ZIBs are also highlighted.
基金This study was partially supported by funds from the Agricultural Research,Education,Extension and Technology Transfer(AGREETT)and MNDrive Global Food Ventures Programs,both from the University of MinnesotaPartial funding was supplied by BioZyme,Inc,St.Joseph,Missouri,USA and New Fashion Pork,Jackson,MN,USA.
文摘Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.
基金supported by Science and Technology Development Projects of Hebei Province (06220404)
文摘[ Objectivel To investigate the effects of three different levels of feed additives on fur production performance of Rex rabbit. [ Method] A total of 60 healthy American strain Rex rabbits at the age of 60 d （female：male =1：1 ） were randomly divided into group I, group II and group III. The Rex rabbits in the group I were fed basal diet containing nutritional substances; those in the group II were fed basal diet containing nutdtionai substances and Chinese herbal additive; and those in the group III were fed basal diet containing nutritional substances, Chinese herbal additive and enzyme. The trial lasted for 100 d. After slaughtering, the fur area, fur thickness, wool density, wool fineness and coarse wool rate were determined. [Result] The fur production performance of group III was significantly higher than that of group I （ P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group III and group II. [ Conclusion] Supplementing Chinese herbal additive and enzyme in diet can improve the fur production performance of Rex rabbit.
文摘Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives.Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubricant additives,their macromolecular analogs have been rarely considered yet to develop environmentally friendly lubricant additives.In this work,a series of boron-containing copolymers have been synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate and isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester with different feeding ratios(S_(n)-r-B_(m),n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5,9).The resulting copolymers of S_(n)-r-B_(m)(n=1,m=1/3,1,2,3,5)are readily dispersed in the PAO-10 base oil and form micelle-like aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 9.7 to 52 nm.SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating tribological tests on ball-on-flat steel pairs show that compared with the base oil of PAO-10,the friction coefficients and wear volumes of the base oil solutions of S_(n)-r-B_(m)decrease considerably up to 62%and 97%,respectively.Moreover,the base oil solution of S_(1)-r-B_(1)exhibits an excellent load-bearing capacity of(850±100)N.These superior lubricating properties are due to the formation of protective tribofilms comprising S_(n)-r-B_(m),boron oxide,and iron oxide compounds on the lubricated steel surface.Therefore,the boron-containing copolymers can be regarded as a novel class of environmentally friendly lubricating oil macroadditives for efficient friction and wear reduction without sulfur and phosphorus elements.
文摘The textile industry has long relied on various additives to enhance the properties of fabrics,making them more durable,resistant to stains,and even antimicrobial.These additives include dyes,coatings,flame retardants,and water-repellent finishes.While they offer significant functional benefits,they pose a serious challenge when it comes to recycling textiles.Since many of these additives are chemically bonded to fibres,they make the separation and recovery of pure materials incredibly difficult.
文摘Chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL‐ODH)is a promising novel method to convert ethane into higher value‐added ethylene.In this study,perovskite‐type Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) was prepared by the one‐step citric acid‐gel method and applied as an oxygen carrier in the CL‐ODH process of ethane to ethylene;moreover,the effects of CuO,ZnO,and MgO as additives were investigated.The properties of the oxygen carriers were characterized using XRD,BET,XPS,H_(2)‐TPR,O_(2)‐TPD,and EPR.Characterization results showed that the addition of additives into Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) increased the amounts of surface chemisorbed oxygen and lattice oxygen.Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) had a strong ability to absorb and release oxygen after adding CuO,ZnO,and MgO,respectively.The performances of the oxygen carriers for CL‐ODH of ethane to ethylene were studied at a reaction temperature of 650℃,atmospheric pressure,and GHSV of 15,000 mL/g·h in eight redox cycles.All the oxygen carriers had 100%ethane conversion,and ZnO‐Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3) exhibited the best ethylene selectivity of more than 70%in all the oxygen carriers.It was confirmed that lattice oxygen was mainly responsible for the selectivity of ethylene,and oxygen vacancies were conducive to the migration of lattice oxygen.Most of Zn^(2+) entered into the bulk phase of Co_(2)O_(3)/LaCoO_(3),and formed lots of oxygen vacancies.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52475216)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0206300)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2024RS-CXTD-62)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU)(No.2022-QZ04)
文摘Lubricating greases are widely used in mechanical engineering,especially in rolling bearing.Carbon-based materials show promise as lubricant additive for formulating high-performance grease.However,the enhancement of lubrication performance of carbon-based materials limits by the simple lubricating mechanism.This work demonstrates that nanocomposite of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived carbon as a grease additive can improve the tribological properties of bentone grease.HKUST-1 was synthesized by a solvent method and converted into HKUST-1 derived carbon(HDC) via one-step pyrolysis sacrifice template method.After pyrolysis of HKUST-1 at 350℃,Cu_(2+)was reduced to zero-valence copper.With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 350 to 950℃,both the particle size of copper in HDC and the degree of graphite defect increased gradually.Types of HDCs as base grease additives significantly improved friction-reduction and anti-wear performance of bentone grease.Compared with the base grease,HDC-950 ℃ with the amount of 2 wt% addition reduced friction coefficient and wear volume loss by 35.5% and 97.0%,respectively.The superior tribological performance of the HDC-950℃is attributed to the synergistic effect of carbon and copper nanoparticles to induce tribochemical reaction,which form a stable protective film on the friction surfaces.This study highlights the potential of MOFs-derived carbon for developing high-performance grease additives.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(LP220100036)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB2502104 and 2022YFA1602700)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology of China(BE2022332)the Jiangsu Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund(BE2022605)the Australian Research Council for his Discovery Early Career Researcher Award fellowship(DE230101105)the China Scholarship Council(CSC,grant no.202306190185)for funding a scholarship。
文摘Zwitterionic materials with covalently tethered cations and anions have great potential as electrolyte additives for aqueous Znion batteries(AZIBs)owing to their appealing intrinsic characteristics and merits.However,the impact of cationic and anionic moieties within zwitterions on enhancing the performance of AZIBs remains poorly understood.Herein,three zwitterions,namely carboxybetaine methacrylate(CBMA),sulfobetaine methacrylate(SBMA),and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC),were selected as additives to investigate their different action mechanisms in AZIBs.All three zwitterions have the same quaternary ammonium as the positively charged group,but having different negatively charged segments,i.e.,carboxylate,sulfonate,and phosphate for CBMA,SBMA,and MPC,respectively.By systematical electrochemical analysis,these zwitterions all contribute to enhanced cycling life of Zn anode,with MPC having the most pronounced effect,which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of positively quaternary ammonium group and unique negatively phosphate groups.As a result,the Zn//Zn cell with MPC as additive in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte exhibits an ultralong lifespan over 5000 h.This work proposes new insights to the future development of multifunctional zwitterionic additives for remarkably stable AZIBs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22125901)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705900)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00005)the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(202303014)。
文摘The fine control of active blend morphologies is crucial to achieve efficient and stable organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,by introducing structurally simple,non-halogenated volatile solid additives,we have demonstrated that the polar 2-naphthonitrile(2-CAN)additives help modulate the kinetics of blend morphological evolution during film drying.It is revealed that 2-CAN favorably interacted with acceptor moieties,and the transition from presence to absence of additives triggered the arrangement and aggregation of acceptors,hence yielding the ordered molecular stacks in the bulk heterojunction(BHJ)blends.Optimal blend morphologies with fibril networks were established to improve the excitonic and charge dynamics of active blends,enabling PM6:L8-BO binary OSCs with the promising efficiency of 19.08%(with 2-CAN),which outperformed that of devices with non-polar naphthalene(NA)additives(18.18%)or without additive treatments(17.43%).Meanwhile,non-halogenated 2-CAN exhibited excellent processing features of reproducibility and versatility toward different active blends for fabricating efficient devices.Such 2-CAN-assisted devices with robust transport layers allowed maintaining decent thermal stabilities under continuous 85℃ of thermal annealing.Overall,this work provides an effective strategy on tuning blend morphologies for efficient organic photovoltaics.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075141)the Open Project of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Critical Friction Pair for Advanced Equipment(LCFP-2408)+9 种基金Key Research&Development(R&D)Plan of Anhui Province under Grant(2022a05020019)Support Program for Outstanding Young Talents in Anhui Province Colleges and Universities(gxyq2022079)Excellent Research and Innovation Teams Project of Anhui Province's Universities(2022AH010092)Discipline Construction Quality Improvement Project of Chaohu University(kj22fdzy03,XLZ202307,XLZ202301)School-level Scientific Research Project of Chaohu University(XLY-202112)Scientific Research Planning Project of Anhui Provincial(2022AH051726)Anhui Province University Science and Engineering Teachers'Internship Program in Enterprises(2024jsqygz89)Anhui Province College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202410380020)Anhui Province Postdoctoral Research Project(2024A773)Horizontal Research Project of Chaohu University(hxkt20230006).
文摘In the quest to develop high-performance lubrication additives,a novel nanocomposite comprising biodiesel soot modified by silver(Ag/BDS)was synthesized.The tribological behavior of Ag/BDS nanocomposite as an additive for liquid paraffin(LP)were systematically investigated using response surface methodology.To elucidate the friction and wear mechanisms associated with the Ag/BDS nanocomposite,various analytical techniques were employed,including scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy(SEM/EDS),Raman spectroscopy,and molecular dynamics simulations.The results show that the concentration of Ag/BDS has a significant impact on the tribological properties of LP under different applied loads and sliding speeds.Notably,LP containing 0.25%Ag/BDS shows the most favorable tribological performance and in comparison,to pure LP,the average friction coefficient and average wear volume have been reduced by 42.7%and 21.2%,respectively.The mechanisms underlying the reduction in friction and anti-wear mechanism of Ag/BDS have been attributed to the excellent synergies of Ag and BDS.Specifically,the Ag particles facilitate the incorporation of BDS particles in the formation of uniform boundary lubrication films.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62275057)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2023GXNSFFA026004)+2 种基金the Guangxi Talent Program("Highland of Innovation Talents")the Shenzhen High-tech Development Special Plan-Pingshan Districts Innovation Platform Project(29853M-KCJ-2023-002-04)Industry and Energy(MOTIE),Republic of Korea(Project No.:RS-2025-02413058)。
文摘The performance of organic solar cells is significantly influenced by the acceptor molecular packing properties within the active layers,which is essential for optimizing charge dynamics and photovoltaic performance.However,achieving precise control over this packaging structure presents a considerable challenge.Herein,we propose a dual additive strategy utilizing dibenzofuran and halogenated naphthalene to systematically manipulate molecular packing orientation and enhance the long-range molecular packing order of the acceptors.Dibenzofuran is crucial in promoting crystallinity within the material,facilitating the formation of an ordered structure,while halogenated naphthalene regulates the orientation of the molecules,ensuring proper alignment.Specifically,the combination of dibenzofuran and 1-chloronaphthalene promotes edge-on molecular packing and enhances the formation of nanofibrillar structures with improved order,leading to improved charge transport and device performance.Implementing this strategy in devices composed of PM6 and L8-BO has yielded a power conversion efficiency of 19.58%,accompanied by long-term stability.Similarly,1-fluoronaphthalene has also demonstrated effectiveness in improving molecular orientation and overall device efficiency,demonstrating the robustness of this dual additive strategy.By addressing the challenges associated with molecular packing and orientation in active layers,our result contributes valuable insights into optimizing organic solar cells for practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20311)Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2025R304),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘The performance of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is greatly hampered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites.To address this question,we developed a weak polar additive strategy to develop stable and dendrite-free electrolyte for LMBs.In this paper,the effects of additives on the Li^(+)solvation kinetics and the electrode-electrolyte interphases(EEI)formation are discussed.The function of synergistically boosting the superior Li^(+)kinetics and alleviating solvent decomposition on the electrodes is confirmed.From the thermodynamic view,the exothermic process of defluorination reaction for 3,5-difluoropyridine(3,5-DFPy)results in the formation of LiF-rich SEI layer for promoting the uniform Li nucleation and deposition.From the dynamic view,the weakened Li^(+)solvation structure induced by weak polar 3,5-DFPy contributes to better Li^(+)kinetics through the easier Li^(+)desolvation.As expected,Li||Li cell with 1.0 wt%3,5-DFPy exhibits 400 cycles at 1.0 mA cm^(-2)with a deposition capacity of 0.5 mAh cm^(-2),and the Li||LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)batteries delivers the highly reversible capacity after 200 cycles.
