AIM To investigate alterations in the fecal microbiome using 16 S r RNA amplicon sequencing in couples in the same cohabitation environment.METHODS Fecal samples were collected from eight ulcerative colitis(UC) patien...AIM To investigate alterations in the fecal microbiome using 16 S r RNA amplicon sequencing in couples in the same cohabitation environment.METHODS Fecal samples were collected from eight ulcerative colitis(UC) patients and their healthy partners at Lishui People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China. DNA was extracted and the variable regions V3 and V4 of the 16 S r RNA genes were PCR amplified using a two-step protocol. Clear reads were clustered into operational taxonomic units(OTUs) at the 97% sequence similarity level using UCLUST v1.2.22. The Wilcoxon rank-sumtest(R v3.1.2) was used to compare inter-individual differences. Differences with a P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS Fecal microbial communities were more similar among UC patients than their healthy partners(P = 0.024). UC individuals had a lower relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes, especially Blautia, Clostridium, Coprococcus and Roseburia(P < 0.05). Microbiota dysbiosis was detected in UC patients and their healthy partners. Relevant genera included Akkermansiam, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Lactobacillales, Klebsiella and Parabacteroides. The enriched pathways in fecal samples of UC patients were related to lipid and nucleotide metabolism. Additionally, the pathways involved in membrane transport and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were more abundant in the healthy partners.CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the microbial composition might be affected in healthy partners cohabiting with UC patients, especially in terms of microbiota dysbiosis.展开更多
The role of fecal microbial transplant(FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treat...The role of fecal microbial transplant(FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(RCDI) has bolstered interest in its potential application to other disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). FMT has particular interest in pediatrics, given the concerns of patients and parents about rates of adverse events with existing therapeutic options, and the greater cumulative medication burden associated with childhoodonset disease. Published literature on the use of FMT in pediatrics is sparse. Only 45 pediatric patients treated for RCDI have been reported, and only 27 pediatric patients with pediatric IBD. The pediatric microbiome may uniquely respond to microbial-based therapies. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of fecal microbial transplant and its potential role in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. We will discuss the microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, existing adult and pediatric literature on the use of FMT in IBD treatment, and pediatric FMT trials that are currently recruiting patients. This review will also discuss features of the microbiome that may be associated with host response in fecal transplant, and potential challenges and opportunities for the future of FMT in pediatric IBD treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fecal microbial transplantation(FMT)is a promising new method for treating active ulcerative colitis(UC),but knowledge regarding FMT for quiescent UC is scarce.AIM To investigate FMT for the maintenance of ...BACKGROUND Fecal microbial transplantation(FMT)is a promising new method for treating active ulcerative colitis(UC),but knowledge regarding FMT for quiescent UC is scarce.AIM To investigate FMT for the maintenance of remission in UC patients.METHODS Forty-eight UC patients were randomized to receive a single-dose FMT or autologous transplant via colonoscopy.The primary endpoint was set to the maintenance of remission,a fecal calprotectin level below 200μg/g,and a clinical Mayo score below three throughout the 12-mo follow-up.As secondary endpoints,we recorded the patient’s quality of life,fecal calprotectin,blood chemistry,and endoscopic findings at 12 mo.RESULTS The main endpoint was achieved by 13 out of 24(54%)patients in the FMT group and by 10 out of 24(41%)patients in the placebo group(log-rank test,P=0.660).Four months after FMT,the quality-of-life scores decreased in the FMT group compared to the placebo group(P=0.017).In addition,the disease-specific quality of life measure was higher in the placebo group than in the FMT group at the same time point(P=0.003).There were no differences in blood chemistry,fecal calprotectin,or endoscopic findings among the study groups at 12 mo.The adverse events were infrequent,mild,and distributed equally between the groups.CONCLUSION There were no differences in the number of relapses between the study groups at the 12-mo follow-up.Thus,our results do not support the use of a single-dose FMT for the maintenance of remission in UC.展开更多
Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are...Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are consequently lacking.The microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a host.The intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age,diet,genetics,and other factors.Such dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance,resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host,and affecting the development of many diseases.In recent decades,significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract,including the brain.Indeed,several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Similarly,the role of the“gut-eye axis”has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular disorders.Moreover,age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable etiologies.As such,the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular degeneration.Given the above context,the present review aims to clarify the gut-brain and gut-eye connections,assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration,and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.Currently,direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited,while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular degeneration.Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut-eye interactions,while integrating analysis of the intestinal flora with research on metabolites through metabolomics and other techniques is crucial for understanding their potential mechanisms.展开更多
Gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinaltract. An increasing number of studies has demonstrated that the gutliveraxis plays a critical role in liver homeostasis. Dysbiosis of...Gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinaltract. An increasing number of studies has demonstrated that the gutliveraxis plays a critical role in liver homeostasis. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota cancause liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liverdisease. Preclinical and clinical investigations have substantiated that themetabolites and other molecules derived from gut microbiota and diet interactionfunction as mediators to cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and final cancer. This effecthas been demonstrated to be associated with dysregulation of intrahepaticimmunity and liver metabolism. Targeting these findings have led to thedevelopment of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review thecellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated impacton liver disease. We also summarize the advancement of gut microbiota-basedtherapeutic strategies in the control of liver diseases.展开更多
Diabetes are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia that is a major public health problem.Middle-aged and elderly people are at the highest risk of type 2 diabetes,but younger cases a...Diabetes are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia that is a major public health problem.Middle-aged and elderly people are at the highest risk of type 2 diabetes,but younger cases are now being diagnosed with greater frequency.Numerous clinical studies have reported that the behavior of the intestinal microbiota may affect the development of metabolic disorders in humans,including obesity and diabetes.This review describes the relationship between the gut microbiota and diabetes,and discusses the possible mechanisms underlying their involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes,obesity,and type 2 diabetes.By better understanding the intestinal microbiota,it may become possible to treat diabetes and obesity by manipulating the gut microbes through probiotics and dietary changes,fecal microbiota transplantation,or surgical approaches.展开更多
基金Supported by Lishui Science and Technology Bureau Research Fund,No.2013JYZB43Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2015KYB371
文摘AIM To investigate alterations in the fecal microbiome using 16 S r RNA amplicon sequencing in couples in the same cohabitation environment.METHODS Fecal samples were collected from eight ulcerative colitis(UC) patients and their healthy partners at Lishui People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China. DNA was extracted and the variable regions V3 and V4 of the 16 S r RNA genes were PCR amplified using a two-step protocol. Clear reads were clustered into operational taxonomic units(OTUs) at the 97% sequence similarity level using UCLUST v1.2.22. The Wilcoxon rank-sumtest(R v3.1.2) was used to compare inter-individual differences. Differences with a P value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS Fecal microbial communities were more similar among UC patients than their healthy partners(P = 0.024). UC individuals had a lower relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes, especially Blautia, Clostridium, Coprococcus and Roseburia(P < 0.05). Microbiota dysbiosis was detected in UC patients and their healthy partners. Relevant genera included Akkermansiam, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Lactobacillales, Klebsiella and Parabacteroides. The enriched pathways in fecal samples of UC patients were related to lipid and nucleotide metabolism. Additionally, the pathways involved in membrane transport and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were more abundant in the healthy partners.CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the microbial composition might be affected in healthy partners cohabiting with UC patients, especially in terms of microbiota dysbiosis.
文摘The role of fecal microbial transplant(FMT) in the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal disease has become increasingly popular among pediatric practitioners, patients, and parents. The success of FMT for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(RCDI) has bolstered interest in its potential application to other disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). FMT has particular interest in pediatrics, given the concerns of patients and parents about rates of adverse events with existing therapeutic options, and the greater cumulative medication burden associated with childhoodonset disease. Published literature on the use of FMT in pediatrics is sparse. Only 45 pediatric patients treated for RCDI have been reported, and only 27 pediatric patients with pediatric IBD. The pediatric microbiome may uniquely respond to microbial-based therapies. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of fecal microbial transplant and its potential role in the treatment of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. We will discuss the microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, existing adult and pediatric literature on the use of FMT in IBD treatment, and pediatric FMT trials that are currently recruiting patients. This review will also discuss features of the microbiome that may be associated with host response in fecal transplant, and potential challenges and opportunities for the future of FMT in pediatric IBD treatment.
基金Academy of Finland(Reetta Satokari),No.323156Sigrid Juselius Foundation+2 种基金University of Helsinki(A Three-year Grant)The Competitive State Research Financing(Perttu Lahtinen),No.200230042The Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Foundation(Perttu Arkkila)
文摘BACKGROUND Fecal microbial transplantation(FMT)is a promising new method for treating active ulcerative colitis(UC),but knowledge regarding FMT for quiescent UC is scarce.AIM To investigate FMT for the maintenance of remission in UC patients.METHODS Forty-eight UC patients were randomized to receive a single-dose FMT or autologous transplant via colonoscopy.The primary endpoint was set to the maintenance of remission,a fecal calprotectin level below 200μg/g,and a clinical Mayo score below three throughout the 12-mo follow-up.As secondary endpoints,we recorded the patient’s quality of life,fecal calprotectin,blood chemistry,and endoscopic findings at 12 mo.RESULTS The main endpoint was achieved by 13 out of 24(54%)patients in the FMT group and by 10 out of 24(41%)patients in the placebo group(log-rank test,P=0.660).Four months after FMT,the quality-of-life scores decreased in the FMT group compared to the placebo group(P=0.017).In addition,the disease-specific quality of life measure was higher in the placebo group than in the FMT group at the same time point(P=0.003).There were no differences in blood chemistry,fecal calprotectin,or endoscopic findings among the study groups at 12 mo.The adverse events were infrequent,mild,and distributed equally between the groups.CONCLUSION There were no differences in the number of relapses between the study groups at the 12-mo follow-up.Thus,our results do not support the use of a single-dose FMT for the maintenance of remission in UC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171080Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project,No.YKK23264Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,Nos.JX10414151,JX10414152(all to KL)。
文摘Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are consequently lacking.The microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a host.The intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age,diet,genetics,and other factors.Such dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance,resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host,and affecting the development of many diseases.In recent decades,significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract,including the brain.Indeed,several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Similarly,the role of the“gut-eye axis”has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular disorders.Moreover,age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable etiologies.As such,the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular degeneration.Given the above context,the present review aims to clarify the gut-brain and gut-eye connections,assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration,and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.Currently,direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited,while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular degeneration.Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut-eye interactions,while integrating analysis of the intestinal flora with research on metabolites through metabolomics and other techniques is crucial for understanding their potential mechanisms.
基金NIH Grant,No.R01CA208396and VA Merit Award,No.I01 BX004065-1.
文摘Gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinaltract. An increasing number of studies has demonstrated that the gutliveraxis plays a critical role in liver homeostasis. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota cancause liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liverdisease. Preclinical and clinical investigations have substantiated that themetabolites and other molecules derived from gut microbiota and diet interactionfunction as mediators to cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and final cancer. This effecthas been demonstrated to be associated with dysregulation of intrahepaticimmunity and liver metabolism. Targeting these findings have led to thedevelopment of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review thecellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated impacton liver disease. We also summarize the advancement of gut microbiota-basedtherapeutic strategies in the control of liver diseases.
基金the National Natural Science Funding of China(81572344)the Training Project of Key Talents of Youth Medicine in Jiangsu Province,China(QNRC2016330)+3 种基金the Key Disease Standardization Diagnosis and Treatment Project in Jiangsu Province(BE2015664)the Academic Science and Technology Innovation Fund for College Students(x20180714)the Social Development-Health Care Project of Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province,(YZ2018087)the High-level Talent“Six One Projects”Top Talent Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Province(LGY2019034).
文摘Diabetes are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia that is a major public health problem.Middle-aged and elderly people are at the highest risk of type 2 diabetes,but younger cases are now being diagnosed with greater frequency.Numerous clinical studies have reported that the behavior of the intestinal microbiota may affect the development of metabolic disorders in humans,including obesity and diabetes.This review describes the relationship between the gut microbiota and diabetes,and discusses the possible mechanisms underlying their involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes,obesity,and type 2 diabetes.By better understanding the intestinal microbiota,it may become possible to treat diabetes and obesity by manipulating the gut microbes through probiotics and dietary changes,fecal microbiota transplantation,or surgical approaches.
