Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was ...Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.展开更多
Various earthquake fault types were analyzed for this study on the crust movement in the high region of the Tibetan plateau by analyzing mechanism solutions and stress fields. The results show that a lot of normal fau...Various earthquake fault types were analyzed for this study on the crust movement in the high region of the Tibetan plateau by analyzing mechanism solutions and stress fields. The results show that a lot of normal faulting type earthquakes are concentrated in the central High Tibetan plateau. Many of them are nearly perfect normal fault events. The strikes of the fault planes of normal faulting earthquakes are almost in an N-S direction based on the analyses of the Wulff stereonet diagrams of fault plane solutions. It implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the normal faulting type events have quite great components in the E-W direction. The extensions probably are an eastward extensional mo- tion, being mainly a tectonic active regime in the plateau altitudes. The tensional stress in the E-W or NWW-SEE direction predominates earthquake occurrences in the normal event region of the central plateau. The eastward extensional motion in the high Tibetan plateau is attributable to the gravitational collapse of the high plateau and the eastward extrusion of hotter mantle materials beneath the east boundary of the plateau. Extensional motions from the relaxation of the topography and/or gravitational collapse in the high plateau hardly occurred along the N-S direction. The obstruction for the plateau to move eastward is rather weak.展开更多
In order to solve the problems of rotor overvoltage,overcurrent and DC side voltage rise caused by grid voltage drops,a coordinated control strategy based on symmetrical and asymmetrical low voltage ride through of ro...In order to solve the problems of rotor overvoltage,overcurrent and DC side voltage rise caused by grid voltage drops,a coordinated control strategy based on symmetrical and asymmetrical low voltage ride through of rotor side converter of the doubly-fed generator is proposed.When the power grid voltage drops symmetrically,the generator approximate equation under steady-state conditions is no longer applicable.Considering the dynamic process of stator current excitation,according to the change of stator flux and the depth of voltage drop,the system can dynamically provide reactive power support for parallel nodes and suppress the rise of DC side voltage and rotor over-current.When the grid voltage drops asymmetrically,the positive and negative sequence components are separated in the rotating coordinate system.The doubly fed generator model is established to suppress the rotor positive sequence current and negative sequence current respectively.At the same time,the output voltage limit of the converter is discussed,and the reference value is adjusted within the allowable output voltage range.In order to adapt to the occurrence of different types of power grid faults and complex operating conditions,a fast switching module of fault type detection and rotor control mode is designed to detect the type of power grid faults and voltage drop depth in real time and switch the rotor side control mode dynamically.Finally,the simulation model of the doubly fed wind turbine is constructed in Matlab/Simulink.The simulation results verify that the proposed control strategy can improve the low-voltage ride through performance of the system when dealing with the symmetrical and asymmetric voltage drop of the power grid and identify the power grid fault type and provide the correct control strategy.展开更多
Seismic fault rupture can extend to the surface,and the resulting surface deformation can cause severe damage to civil engineering structures crossing the fault zones.Coseismic Surface Rupture Prediction Models(CSRPMs...Seismic fault rupture can extend to the surface,and the resulting surface deformation can cause severe damage to civil engineering structures crossing the fault zones.Coseismic Surface Rupture Prediction Models(CSRPMs)play a crucial role in the structural design of fault-crossing engineering and in the hazard analysis of fault-intensive areas.In this study,a new global coseismic surface rupture database was constructed by compiling 171 earthquake events(Mw:5.5-7.9)that caused surface rupture.In contrast to the fault classification in traditional empirical relationships,this study categorizes earthquake events as strike-slip,dip-slip,and oblique-slip.CSRPMs utilizing Bayesian ridge regression(BRR)were developed to estimate parameters such as surface rupture length,average displacement,and maximum displacement.Based on Bayesian theory,BRR combines the benefits of both ridge regression and Bayesian linear regression.This approach effectively addresses the issue of overfitting while ensuring the strong model robustness.The reliability of the CSRPMs was validated by residual analysis and comparison with post-earthquake observations from the 2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet.The BRR-CSRPMs with new fault classification criteria are more suitable for the probabilistic hazard analysis of complex fault systems and dislocation design of fault-crossing engineering.展开更多
Fault tree analysis is an effective method for predicting the reliability of a system. It gives a pictorial representation and logical framework for analyzing the reliability. Also, it has been used for a long time as...Fault tree analysis is an effective method for predicting the reliability of a system. It gives a pictorial representation and logical framework for analyzing the reliability. Also, it has been used for a long time as an effective method for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the failure modes of critical systems. In this paper, we propose a new general coverage model （GCM） based on hardware independent faults. Using this model, an effective software tool can be constructed to detect, locate and recover fault from the faulty system. This model can be applied to identify the key component that can cause the failure of the system using failure mode effect analysis （FMEA）.展开更多
The hybrid dc circuit breaker(HCB)has the advantages of fast action speed and low operating loss,which is an idealmethod for fault isolation ofmulti-terminal dc grids.Formulti-terminal dc grids that transmit power thr...The hybrid dc circuit breaker(HCB)has the advantages of fast action speed and low operating loss,which is an idealmethod for fault isolation ofmulti-terminal dc grids.Formulti-terminal dc grids that transmit power through overhead lines,HCBs are required to have reclosing capability due to the high fault probability and the fact that most of the faults are temporary faults.To avoid the secondary fault strike and equipment damage that may be caused by the reclosing of the HCB when the permanent fault occurs,an adaptive reclosing scheme based on traveling wave injection is proposed in this paper.The scheme injects traveling wave signal into the fault dc line through the additionally configured auxiliary discharge branch in the HCB,and then uses the reflection characteristic of the traveling wave signal on the dc line to identify temporary and permanent faults,to be able to realize fast reclosing when the temporary fault occurs and reliably avoid reclosing after the permanent fault occurs.The test results in the simulation model of the four-terminal dc grid show that the proposed adaptive reclosing scheme can quickly and reliably identify temporary and permanent faults,greatly shorten the power outage time of temporary faults.In addition,it has the advantages of easiness to implement,high reliability,robustness to high-resistance fault and no dead zone,etc.展开更多
In the present analysis on the relationships among the depth of lithosphere brittle fracture, seismotectonics and geothermal anomalous active in Tibetan plateau were investigated using the seismic dada from ISC and Ch...In the present analysis on the relationships among the depth of lithosphere brittle fracture, seismotectonics and geothermal anomalous active in Tibetan plateau were investigated using the seismic dada from ISC and Chinese seismic net and geothermal data. The results suggest that the region of anomalously geothermal activity almost coincides with that of the normal faulting type earthquake. The geothermal anomaly activity region coincides spatially with that of the events deeper than 60 km as well as. The normal faulting earthquakes may be mainly tectonic activity regimes until 110 km deep in the thermal anomaly region. The strike directions of events are likely the N-S direction, coinciding with the strike of the thermal anomaly active belts. The earthquakes align along the normal faults and faulted-depression zone with the N-S direction. The thermal anomaly activity also distributes along the faulted-depression zone. Many events deeper than 60 km exist in the anomalously geothermal activity region in the plateau. Events extend to bottom of the lithosphere of 110 km from the surface, like columnar seismic crowd. The lithosphere extends along the E-W direction due to the E-W extensional stress in the central and southern Tibetan plateau, altitude of the plateau. The t6nsional stress in the E-W results in the lithosphere fractures and the normal faults striking N-S direction, grabens and faulted-depression zones. Thermal material from the asthenosphere wells upward to the surface along deep seismic fractures and faults through the thick crust. The anomalously thermal activities are attributable to the upwelling thermal material from the mantle in the altitude of Tibetan plateau.展开更多
If a failure in the components of a photovoltaic(PV)system,such as PV module,controller,inverter,load,cable,etc.goes undetected and uncorrected,it can seriously affect the efficiency,safety,and reliability of the enti...If a failure in the components of a photovoltaic(PV)system,such as PV module,controller,inverter,load,cable,etc.goes undetected and uncorrected,it can seriously affect the efficiency,safety,and reliability of the entire PV power plant.In addition,fires can occur if specific faults,such as arc,ground,and line-to-line faults remain unresolved.Therefore,PV system(PVS)fault diagnoses are crucial for PV power plant reliability,efficiency,and safety.Many fault diagnosis methods and techniques for PVS components have been developed.In addition,with the development of PV devices,more advanced and intelligent diagnostic technologies are continuously being researched and developed.However,a systematic and thorough analysis,summary,and conclusion are still urgently required.Thus,this paper introduces the types,causes,and impacts of PVS faults,and reviews and discusses the methods proposed in the literature for PVS fault diagnosis,and in particular,failures in PV arrays.Special attention is paid to the optimization direction of various fault diagnosis methods under different priorities,and their limitations,feasibility,complexity,and cost-effectiveness.Finally,challenges and suggestions are put forward for future research.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel controllable crowbar based on fault type(CBFT)protection technique for doubly fed induction generator(DFIG)wind energy conversion system connected to grid.The studied system consists of six...This paper proposes a novel controllable crowbar based on fault type(CBFT)protection technique for doubly fed induction generator(DFIG)wind energy conversion system connected to grid.The studied system consists of six DFIG wind turbines with a capacity of 1.5 MW for each of them.The operation mechanism of proposed technique is used to connect a set of crowbar resistors in different connection ways via activation of controllable circuit breakers(CBs)depending on the detected fault type.For each phase of DFIG,a crowbar resistor is connected in parallel with a controllable CB and all of them are connected in series to grid terminals.The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)networks are designed to detect the fault occurrence,classify the fault type,activate the CBs for crowbar resistors associated with faulted phases during fault period,and deactivate them after fault clearance.The effectiveness of proposed CBFT protection technique is investigated for different fault types such as symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults taking into account the single-phase to ground fault is the most frequently fault type that occurs in power systems.Also,a comparison between the behaviours of studied system in cases of using traditional parallel rotor crowbar,classical outer crowbar,and proposed CBFT protection techniques is studied.The fluctuations of DC-link voltage,active power,and reactive power for studied system equipped with different protection techniques are investigated.Moreover,the impacts of different crowbar resistance values on the accuracy of proposed technique are studied.The simulation results show that,the proposed technique enhances the stability of studied wind turbine generators and contributes in protection of their components during faults.展开更多
Accurate and timely fault diagnosis is of great significance for the safe operation and power supply reliability of distribution systems.However,traditional intelligent methods limit the use of the physical structures...Accurate and timely fault diagnosis is of great significance for the safe operation and power supply reliability of distribution systems.However,traditional intelligent methods limit the use of the physical structures and data information of power networks.To this end,this study proposes a fault diagnostic model for distribution systems based on deep graph learning.This model considers the physical structure of the power network as a significant constraint during model training,which endows the model with stronger information perception to resist abnormal data input and unknown application conditions.In addition,a special spatiotemporal convolutional block is utilized to enhance the waveform feature extraction ability.This enables the proposed fault diagnostic model to be more effective in dealing with both fault waveform changes and the spatial effects of faults.In addition,a multi-task learning framework is constructed for fault location and fault type analysis,which improves the performance and generalization ability of the model.The IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 37-bus test systems are modeled to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnostic model.Finally,different fault conditions,topological changes,and interference factors are considered to evaluate the anti-interference and generalization performance of the proposed model.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
Fault currents emanating from inverter-based resources(IBRs)are controlled to follow specific references to support the power grid during faults.However,these fault currents differ from the typical fault currents fed ...Fault currents emanating from inverter-based resources(IBRs)are controlled to follow specific references to support the power grid during faults.However,these fault currents differ from the typical fault currents fed by synchronous generators,resulting in an improper operation of conventional phase selection methods(PSMs).In this paper,the relative angles between sequence voltages measured at the relay location are determined analytically in two stages:(1)a short-circuit analysis is performed at the fault location to determine the relative angles between sequence voltages;and(2)an analysis of the impact of transmission line on the phase difference between the sequence voltages of relay and fault is conducted for different IBR controllers.Consequently,new PSM zones based on relative angles between sequence voltages are devised to facilitate accurate PSM regardless of the fault currents,resistances,or locations of IBR.Comprehensive time-domain simulations confirm the accuracy of the proposed PSM with different fault locations,resistances,types,and currents.展开更多
文摘Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40674026)
文摘Various earthquake fault types were analyzed for this study on the crust movement in the high region of the Tibetan plateau by analyzing mechanism solutions and stress fields. The results show that a lot of normal faulting type earthquakes are concentrated in the central High Tibetan plateau. Many of them are nearly perfect normal fault events. The strikes of the fault planes of normal faulting earthquakes are almost in an N-S direction based on the analyses of the Wulff stereonet diagrams of fault plane solutions. It implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the normal faulting type events have quite great components in the E-W direction. The extensions probably are an eastward extensional mo- tion, being mainly a tectonic active regime in the plateau altitudes. The tensional stress in the E-W or NWW-SEE direction predominates earthquake occurrences in the normal event region of the central plateau. The eastward extensional motion in the high Tibetan plateau is attributable to the gravitational collapse of the high plateau and the eastward extrusion of hotter mantle materials beneath the east boundary of the plateau. Extensional motions from the relaxation of the topography and/or gravitational collapse in the high plateau hardly occurred along the N-S direction. The obstruction for the plateau to move eastward is rather weak.
基金The authors highly acknowledge the technology financial assistance provided by Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co.,Ltd.(KJ202003).
文摘In order to solve the problems of rotor overvoltage,overcurrent and DC side voltage rise caused by grid voltage drops,a coordinated control strategy based on symmetrical and asymmetrical low voltage ride through of rotor side converter of the doubly-fed generator is proposed.When the power grid voltage drops symmetrically,the generator approximate equation under steady-state conditions is no longer applicable.Considering the dynamic process of stator current excitation,according to the change of stator flux and the depth of voltage drop,the system can dynamically provide reactive power support for parallel nodes and suppress the rise of DC side voltage and rotor over-current.When the grid voltage drops asymmetrically,the positive and negative sequence components are separated in the rotating coordinate system.The doubly fed generator model is established to suppress the rotor positive sequence current and negative sequence current respectively.At the same time,the output voltage limit of the converter is discussed,and the reference value is adjusted within the allowable output voltage range.In order to adapt to the occurrence of different types of power grid faults and complex operating conditions,a fast switching module of fault type detection and rotor control mode is designed to detect the type of power grid faults and voltage drop depth in real time and switch the rotor side control mode dynamically.Finally,the simulation model of the doubly fed wind turbine is constructed in Matlab/Simulink.The simulation results verify that the proposed control strategy can improve the low-voltage ride through performance of the system when dealing with the symmetrical and asymmetric voltage drop of the power grid and identify the power grid fault type and provide the correct control strategy.
基金Foundation of China under Grant Nos. U2139207 and 52378517the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province under Grant No. 2023AFB934
文摘Seismic fault rupture can extend to the surface,and the resulting surface deformation can cause severe damage to civil engineering structures crossing the fault zones.Coseismic Surface Rupture Prediction Models(CSRPMs)play a crucial role in the structural design of fault-crossing engineering and in the hazard analysis of fault-intensive areas.In this study,a new global coseismic surface rupture database was constructed by compiling 171 earthquake events(Mw:5.5-7.9)that caused surface rupture.In contrast to the fault classification in traditional empirical relationships,this study categorizes earthquake events as strike-slip,dip-slip,and oblique-slip.CSRPMs utilizing Bayesian ridge regression(BRR)were developed to estimate parameters such as surface rupture length,average displacement,and maximum displacement.Based on Bayesian theory,BRR combines the benefits of both ridge regression and Bayesian linear regression.This approach effectively addresses the issue of overfitting while ensuring the strong model robustness.The reliability of the CSRPMs was validated by residual analysis and comparison with post-earthquake observations from the 2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet.The BRR-CSRPMs with new fault classification criteria are more suitable for the probabilistic hazard analysis of complex fault systems and dislocation design of fault-crossing engineering.
文摘Fault tree analysis is an effective method for predicting the reliability of a system. It gives a pictorial representation and logical framework for analyzing the reliability. Also, it has been used for a long time as an effective method for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the failure modes of critical systems. In this paper, we propose a new general coverage model （GCM） based on hardware independent faults. Using this model, an effective software tool can be constructed to detect, locate and recover fault from the faulty system. This model can be applied to identify the key component that can cause the failure of the system using failure mode effect analysis （FMEA）.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant 520201210025。
文摘The hybrid dc circuit breaker(HCB)has the advantages of fast action speed and low operating loss,which is an idealmethod for fault isolation ofmulti-terminal dc grids.Formulti-terminal dc grids that transmit power through overhead lines,HCBs are required to have reclosing capability due to the high fault probability and the fact that most of the faults are temporary faults.To avoid the secondary fault strike and equipment damage that may be caused by the reclosing of the HCB when the permanent fault occurs,an adaptive reclosing scheme based on traveling wave injection is proposed in this paper.The scheme injects traveling wave signal into the fault dc line through the additionally configured auxiliary discharge branch in the HCB,and then uses the reflection characteristic of the traveling wave signal on the dc line to identify temporary and permanent faults,to be able to realize fast reclosing when the temporary fault occurs and reliably avoid reclosing after the permanent fault occurs.The test results in the simulation model of the four-terminal dc grid show that the proposed adaptive reclosing scheme can quickly and reliably identify temporary and permanent faults,greatly shorten the power outage time of temporary faults.In addition,it has the advantages of easiness to implement,high reliability,robustness to high-resistance fault and no dead zone,etc.
基金supported partly by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40674026)Commonweal Special Science Foundation of China(No.200811037)Geological Survey Foundation of Ministry of Land and Resource,China(No.1212010916083)
文摘In the present analysis on the relationships among the depth of lithosphere brittle fracture, seismotectonics and geothermal anomalous active in Tibetan plateau were investigated using the seismic dada from ISC and Chinese seismic net and geothermal data. The results suggest that the region of anomalously geothermal activity almost coincides with that of the normal faulting type earthquake. The geothermal anomaly activity region coincides spatially with that of the events deeper than 60 km as well as. The normal faulting earthquakes may be mainly tectonic activity regimes until 110 km deep in the thermal anomaly region. The strike directions of events are likely the N-S direction, coinciding with the strike of the thermal anomaly active belts. The earthquakes align along the normal faults and faulted-depression zone with the N-S direction. The thermal anomaly activity also distributes along the faulted-depression zone. Many events deeper than 60 km exist in the anomalously geothermal activity region in the plateau. Events extend to bottom of the lithosphere of 110 km from the surface, like columnar seismic crowd. The lithosphere extends along the E-W direction due to the E-W extensional stress in the central and southern Tibetan plateau, altitude of the plateau. The t6nsional stress in the E-W results in the lithosphere fractures and the normal faults striking N-S direction, grabens and faulted-depression zones. Thermal material from the asthenosphere wells upward to the surface along deep seismic fractures and faults through the thick crust. The anomalously thermal activities are attributable to the upwelling thermal material from the mantle in the altitude of Tibetan plateau.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61963020 and No.62263014)Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Project(No.202401AT070344 and No.202301AT070443).
文摘If a failure in the components of a photovoltaic(PV)system,such as PV module,controller,inverter,load,cable,etc.goes undetected and uncorrected,it can seriously affect the efficiency,safety,and reliability of the entire PV power plant.In addition,fires can occur if specific faults,such as arc,ground,and line-to-line faults remain unresolved.Therefore,PV system(PVS)fault diagnoses are crucial for PV power plant reliability,efficiency,and safety.Many fault diagnosis methods and techniques for PVS components have been developed.In addition,with the development of PV devices,more advanced and intelligent diagnostic technologies are continuously being researched and developed.However,a systematic and thorough analysis,summary,and conclusion are still urgently required.Thus,this paper introduces the types,causes,and impacts of PVS faults,and reviews and discusses the methods proposed in the literature for PVS fault diagnosis,and in particular,failures in PV arrays.Special attention is paid to the optimization direction of various fault diagnosis methods under different priorities,and their limitations,feasibility,complexity,and cost-effectiveness.Finally,challenges and suggestions are put forward for future research.
文摘This paper proposes a novel controllable crowbar based on fault type(CBFT)protection technique for doubly fed induction generator(DFIG)wind energy conversion system connected to grid.The studied system consists of six DFIG wind turbines with a capacity of 1.5 MW for each of them.The operation mechanism of proposed technique is used to connect a set of crowbar resistors in different connection ways via activation of controllable circuit breakers(CBs)depending on the detected fault type.For each phase of DFIG,a crowbar resistor is connected in parallel with a controllable CB and all of them are connected in series to grid terminals.The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)networks are designed to detect the fault occurrence,classify the fault type,activate the CBs for crowbar resistors associated with faulted phases during fault period,and deactivate them after fault clearance.The effectiveness of proposed CBFT protection technique is investigated for different fault types such as symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults taking into account the single-phase to ground fault is the most frequently fault type that occurs in power systems.Also,a comparison between the behaviours of studied system in cases of using traditional parallel rotor crowbar,classical outer crowbar,and proposed CBFT protection techniques is studied.The fluctuations of DC-link voltage,active power,and reactive power for studied system equipped with different protection techniques are investigated.Moreover,the impacts of different crowbar resistance values on the accuracy of proposed technique are studied.The simulation results show that,the proposed technique enhances the stability of studied wind turbine generators and contributes in protection of their components during faults.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52277083)。
文摘Accurate and timely fault diagnosis is of great significance for the safe operation and power supply reliability of distribution systems.However,traditional intelligent methods limit the use of the physical structures and data information of power networks.To this end,this study proposes a fault diagnostic model for distribution systems based on deep graph learning.This model considers the physical structure of the power network as a significant constraint during model training,which endows the model with stronger information perception to resist abnormal data input and unknown application conditions.In addition,a special spatiotemporal convolutional block is utilized to enhance the waveform feature extraction ability.This enables the proposed fault diagnostic model to be more effective in dealing with both fault waveform changes and the spatial effects of faults.In addition,a multi-task learning framework is constructed for fault location and fault type analysis,which improves the performance and generalization ability of the model.The IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 37-bus test systems are modeled to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnostic model.Finally,different fault conditions,topological changes,and interference factors are considered to evaluate the anti-interference and generalization performance of the proposed model.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)(No.RGPIN-2023-0368)Qatar University(No.QUCG-CENG-24/25-485)。
文摘Fault currents emanating from inverter-based resources(IBRs)are controlled to follow specific references to support the power grid during faults.However,these fault currents differ from the typical fault currents fed by synchronous generators,resulting in an improper operation of conventional phase selection methods(PSMs).In this paper,the relative angles between sequence voltages measured at the relay location are determined analytically in two stages:(1)a short-circuit analysis is performed at the fault location to determine the relative angles between sequence voltages;and(2)an analysis of the impact of transmission line on the phase difference between the sequence voltages of relay and fault is conducted for different IBR controllers.Consequently,new PSM zones based on relative angles between sequence voltages are devised to facilitate accurate PSM regardless of the fault currents,resistances,or locations of IBR.Comprehensive time-domain simulations confirm the accuracy of the proposed PSM with different fault locations,resistances,types,and currents.
