In this paper,the calculation method and transient characteristics of asymmetric faults in the DC side of a true bipolar system are studied.First,two typical MMC fault equivalent methods are analyzed,and comparison sh...In this paper,the calculation method and transient characteristics of asymmetric faults in the DC side of a true bipolar system are studied.First,two typical MMC fault equivalent methods are analyzed,and comparison shows that active RLC equivalent branches are more suitable for fault analyses of a true bipolar system.Second,considering the influence of mutual impedance between the poles in DC side,a DC fault current calculation method for a true bipolar systems is proposed.Finally,the characteristics of transient electrical quantities including fault current and DC voltage in the process of DC faults in true bipolar systems are analyzed and summarized to provide references for the design of DC line insulation and relay protection schemes.展开更多
Since the fault dynamic of droop-controlled inverter is different from synchronous generators (SGs), protection devices may become invalid, and the fault overcurrent may damage power electronic devices and threaten th...Since the fault dynamic of droop-controlled inverter is different from synchronous generators (SGs), protection devices may become invalid, and the fault overcurrent may damage power electronic devices and threaten the safety of the microgrid. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive fault analysis of the inverter to guide the design of protection schemes. However, due to the complexity of droop control strategy, existing literatures have simplified asymmetric fault analysis of droop-controlled inverters to varying degrees. Therefore, accurate fault analysis of a droop-controlled inverter is needed. In this paper, by analyzing the control system, an accurate fault model is established. Based on this, a calculation method for instantaneous asymmetrical fault current is proposed. In addition, the current components and current characteristics are analyzed. It was determined that fault currents are affected by control loops, fault types, fault distance and nonlinear limiters. In particular, the influences of limiters on the fault model, fault current calculation and fault current characteristics were analyzed. Through detailed analysis, it was found that dynamics of the control loop cannot be ignored, the fault type and fault distance determine fault current level, and part of the limiters will totally change the fault current trend. Finally, calculation and experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed method.展开更多
The investigation of the pole-to-pole(p2p)DC short-circuit fault current in a modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid is of vital importance for protection design and parameter opt...The investigation of the pole-to-pole(p2p)DC short-circuit fault current in a modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid is of vital importance for protection design and parameter optimization.Existing calculation methods for the p2p fault current primarily rely on differential equations based on the RLC equivalent of the MMC station and the RL model of DC transmission lines.Some of them also take the AC in-feed currents into account.However,these approaches all carry heavy burdens for the complex formation and solving processes of equations,and they can only obtain the numerical solution of the fault current.The analytic solution of explicit physical meaning cannot be acquired at present because of the complex coupling relationship among MMC terminals.To address these issues,this paper builds a simplified and generalized fault equivalence model for the DC grid under a p2p fault.This is due to the fact that the terminals having long electrical distances from the fault point have less impact on the fault current.Next,not only the efficient and accurate fault current calculation is achieved,but also the approximate superposition-based analytical solution of the fault current is derived.The component analysis of the fault current and the sensitivity analysis of the components are provided as well.The calculation method and the analysis are both validated in PSCAD/EMTDC.展开更多
In series-connected-based offshore wind farms(SCOWFs),the bulky offshore platform,step-up transformer,and high voltage and large-scale converters can be eliminated.In SC-OWFs,grounding fault is an inevitable issue.In ...In series-connected-based offshore wind farms(SCOWFs),the bulky offshore platform,step-up transformer,and high voltage and large-scale converters can be eliminated.In SC-OWFs,grounding fault is an inevitable issue.In this study,the mathematical model of DC link in SC-OWFs is established.On this basis,this paper reveals characteristic of grounding faults in SC-OWFs and proposes a DC link current control strategy,consisting of feedback and feedforward control.Based on DC link current control and protection method,faulty part isolation from SC-OWF can be realized,and unfaulty part will operate normally.Finally,simulation and experimental results prove feasibility of the proposed DC control strategy and fault current calculation method.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFB0904600in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 51677125in part by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U1866205.
文摘In this paper,the calculation method and transient characteristics of asymmetric faults in the DC side of a true bipolar system are studied.First,two typical MMC fault equivalent methods are analyzed,and comparison shows that active RLC equivalent branches are more suitable for fault analyses of a true bipolar system.Second,considering the influence of mutual impedance between the poles in DC side,a DC fault current calculation method for a true bipolar systems is proposed.Finally,the characteristics of transient electrical quantities including fault current and DC voltage in the process of DC faults in true bipolar systems are analyzed and summarized to provide references for the design of DC line insulation and relay protection schemes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51977066。
文摘Since the fault dynamic of droop-controlled inverter is different from synchronous generators (SGs), protection devices may become invalid, and the fault overcurrent may damage power electronic devices and threaten the safety of the microgrid. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive fault analysis of the inverter to guide the design of protection schemes. However, due to the complexity of droop control strategy, existing literatures have simplified asymmetric fault analysis of droop-controlled inverters to varying degrees. Therefore, accurate fault analysis of a droop-controlled inverter is needed. In this paper, by analyzing the control system, an accurate fault model is established. Based on this, a calculation method for instantaneous asymmetrical fault current is proposed. In addition, the current components and current characteristics are analyzed. It was determined that fault currents are affected by control loops, fault types, fault distance and nonlinear limiters. In particular, the influences of limiters on the fault model, fault current calculation and fault current characteristics were analyzed. Through detailed analysis, it was found that dynamics of the control loop cannot be ignored, the fault type and fault distance determine fault current level, and part of the limiters will totally change the fault current trend. Finally, calculation and experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFB0904600。
文摘The investigation of the pole-to-pole(p2p)DC short-circuit fault current in a modular multilevel converter(MMC)based high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid is of vital importance for protection design and parameter optimization.Existing calculation methods for the p2p fault current primarily rely on differential equations based on the RLC equivalent of the MMC station and the RL model of DC transmission lines.Some of them also take the AC in-feed currents into account.However,these approaches all carry heavy burdens for the complex formation and solving processes of equations,and they can only obtain the numerical solution of the fault current.The analytic solution of explicit physical meaning cannot be acquired at present because of the complex coupling relationship among MMC terminals.To address these issues,this paper builds a simplified and generalized fault equivalence model for the DC grid under a p2p fault.This is due to the fact that the terminals having long electrical distances from the fault point have less impact on the fault current.Next,not only the efficient and accurate fault current calculation is achieved,but also the approximate superposition-based analytical solution of the fault current is derived.The component analysis of the fault current and the sensitivity analysis of the components are provided as well.The calculation method and the analysis are both validated in PSCAD/EMTDC.
基金supported by the NARI Group Technology Projects under Grant SGNRPG00YFJS2000393B.
文摘In series-connected-based offshore wind farms(SCOWFs),the bulky offshore platform,step-up transformer,and high voltage and large-scale converters can be eliminated.In SC-OWFs,grounding fault is an inevitable issue.In this study,the mathematical model of DC link in SC-OWFs is established.On this basis,this paper reveals characteristic of grounding faults in SC-OWFs and proposes a DC link current control strategy,consisting of feedback and feedforward control.Based on DC link current control and protection method,faulty part isolation from SC-OWF can be realized,and unfaulty part will operate normally.Finally,simulation and experimental results prove feasibility of the proposed DC control strategy and fault current calculation method.
