Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pat...Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: These findings challenge the conventional assumption that health sciences education correlates with superior dietary behaviors. The data suggests a critical need for enhanced education in nutrition, as well as intervention using various behavioral programs across all academic disciplines, particularly those addressing the disconnect between nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among students of health sciences. Future longitudinal studies are warranted in order to elucidate the temporal relationship between academic specialization and dietary behaviors.展开更多
目的了解浙江省不同经济地区老年人膳食结构、能量及宏量元素的摄入现状。方法利用"中国居民营养与健康监测"项目把2010—2012年浙江省年龄60岁及以上的调查对象793人作为研究对象,通过3 d 24 h膳食回顾法与称重法收集相关数...目的了解浙江省不同经济地区老年人膳食结构、能量及宏量元素的摄入现状。方法利用"中国居民营养与健康监测"项目把2010—2012年浙江省年龄60岁及以上的调查对象793人作为研究对象,通过3 d 24 h膳食回顾法与称重法收集相关数据。结果老年人谷薯类、大豆及坚果、水产品的摄入量分别为300.27、30.26、54.07 g,在推荐范围内;畜禽肉类、盐、食用油的摄入量分别为92.69、9.14、33.60 g,超过推荐摄入量;蔬菜类、水果类、奶类、蛋类的摄入量分别为277.78、49.69、25.89、20.56 g,低于推荐摄入量。城市的膳食结构比农村稍好。蛋白质的供能比为14.17%,蛋白质的食物来源主要是谷物和动物性食物,分别占31.51%和37.48%。脂肪的供能比为34.46%,脂肪的食物来源主要是植物性食物占66.44%。结论浙江省老年人膳食结构、蛋白质的食物来源存在不合理,除共性问题外不同经济地区之间存在不同的饮食问题,应针对不同经济地区的具体问题展开营养教育,为改善老年人生活质量提出合理建议。展开更多
目的 观察能量限制后不同饮食模式重饲的营养变迁模型体脂的改变以及与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的关系。方法 8周龄雄性 SD 大鼠分为正常饮食(normal chow for 4/12 weeks, NC4/NC12)组、限制饮食(calorie restriction for 4 w...目的 观察能量限制后不同饮食模式重饲的营养变迁模型体脂的改变以及与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的关系。方法 8周龄雄性 SD 大鼠分为正常饮食(normal chow for 4/12 weeks, NC4/NC12)组、限制饮食(calorie restriction for 4 weeks,R4)组、限食后普通饮食重饲(RN)组、限食后高脂饮食重饲(high-fat diet after calorie restriction,RH)组、高脂饮食(high-fat diet,HF)组。实验 4周、12周检测大鼠四肢、躯干及全身的体脂含量及BMD。结果 (1)与同期NC组相比,大鼠各部位脂肪含量在热卡限制期变化不明显( P >0.05),但四肢/躯干脂肪比例显著下降(分别为0.418和0.327),差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。重饲后,RN及RH组除上肢外,其他部位脂肪含量(大腿、躯干及全身脂肪含量RN组为22.80、15.77、16.17,RH组为23.80、18.55、20.90)均明显升高(NC12组3部位脂肪含量分别为20.32、10.93、12.47),同时躯干/全身脂肪比例显著增加( P <0.05),尤以RH组为著(NC12、RN及RH组分别为0.720、0.753及0.765, P <0.01),达到HF组(0.768)水平。大腿/全身脂肪比例在重饲后呈下降趋势,其中RH组(0.115)差异有统计学意义(NC12为0.150, P <0.05)。四肢/躯干脂肪比例在RN(0.237)、RH(0.205)及HF(0.210)组均明显降低(NC12为0.320),但3组间比较,差异无统计学意义。(2)热卡限制使全身(0.111 g/cm^2)、躯干(0.094 g/cm^2)及大腿(0.098 g/cm^2)BMD呈显著下降趋势(NC4分别为0.120、0.109及0.107 g/cm^2, P <0.05)。恢复饮食后,RN及RH组的BMD均有不同程度的提升,RN 组3个部位的BMD均恢复至正常水平( P >0.05),RH 组全身(0.145 g/cm^2)、躯干(0.127 g/cm^2)及大腿(0.121 g/cm^2)3个部位的BMD仍明显低于 NC12组(3个部位BMD分别为0.150、 0.136及0.130 g/cm^2)。HF 组躯干(0.141 g/cm^2)及全身BMD(0.153 g/cm^2)均明显高于NC12 组( P <0.01)。(3)多元逐步回归结果显示,体质量是影响全身、大腿及躯干BMD的最重要因素, r 值分别为0.894,0.754,0.914( P <0.001);除体质量外,大腿/全身脂肪比例是影响全身BMD( r =-0.583, P <0.001)、躯干脂肪含量是影响躯干BMD( r =-0.675, P < 0.001)的另一重要因素。结论 营养变迁可导致全身不同部位脂质含量增加,躯干部脂肪堆积明显,以限食后开放高脂饮食为著;各部位骨密度在营养变迁过程中,呈现先降低后升高的动态改变,高脂饮食重饲骨密度恢复程度较正常饮食重饲为差;体质量、大腿/全身脂肪比例及躯干脂肪含量是影响全身及局部骨密度的重要因素。展开更多
文摘Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: These findings challenge the conventional assumption that health sciences education correlates with superior dietary behaviors. The data suggests a critical need for enhanced education in nutrition, as well as intervention using various behavioral programs across all academic disciplines, particularly those addressing the disconnect between nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among students of health sciences. Future longitudinal studies are warranted in order to elucidate the temporal relationship between academic specialization and dietary behaviors.
文摘目的 观察能量限制后不同饮食模式重饲的营养变迁模型体脂的改变以及与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的关系。方法 8周龄雄性 SD 大鼠分为正常饮食(normal chow for 4/12 weeks, NC4/NC12)组、限制饮食(calorie restriction for 4 weeks,R4)组、限食后普通饮食重饲(RN)组、限食后高脂饮食重饲(high-fat diet after calorie restriction,RH)组、高脂饮食(high-fat diet,HF)组。实验 4周、12周检测大鼠四肢、躯干及全身的体脂含量及BMD。结果 (1)与同期NC组相比,大鼠各部位脂肪含量在热卡限制期变化不明显( P >0.05),但四肢/躯干脂肪比例显著下降(分别为0.418和0.327),差异有统计学意义( P <0.05)。重饲后,RN及RH组除上肢外,其他部位脂肪含量(大腿、躯干及全身脂肪含量RN组为22.80、15.77、16.17,RH组为23.80、18.55、20.90)均明显升高(NC12组3部位脂肪含量分别为20.32、10.93、12.47),同时躯干/全身脂肪比例显著增加( P <0.05),尤以RH组为著(NC12、RN及RH组分别为0.720、0.753及0.765, P <0.01),达到HF组(0.768)水平。大腿/全身脂肪比例在重饲后呈下降趋势,其中RH组(0.115)差异有统计学意义(NC12为0.150, P <0.05)。四肢/躯干脂肪比例在RN(0.237)、RH(0.205)及HF(0.210)组均明显降低(NC12为0.320),但3组间比较,差异无统计学意义。(2)热卡限制使全身(0.111 g/cm^2)、躯干(0.094 g/cm^2)及大腿(0.098 g/cm^2)BMD呈显著下降趋势(NC4分别为0.120、0.109及0.107 g/cm^2, P <0.05)。恢复饮食后,RN及RH组的BMD均有不同程度的提升,RN 组3个部位的BMD均恢复至正常水平( P >0.05),RH 组全身(0.145 g/cm^2)、躯干(0.127 g/cm^2)及大腿(0.121 g/cm^2)3个部位的BMD仍明显低于 NC12组(3个部位BMD分别为0.150、 0.136及0.130 g/cm^2)。HF 组躯干(0.141 g/cm^2)及全身BMD(0.153 g/cm^2)均明显高于NC12 组( P <0.01)。(3)多元逐步回归结果显示,体质量是影响全身、大腿及躯干BMD的最重要因素, r 值分别为0.894,0.754,0.914( P <0.001);除体质量外,大腿/全身脂肪比例是影响全身BMD( r =-0.583, P <0.001)、躯干脂肪含量是影响躯干BMD( r =-0.675, P < 0.001)的另一重要因素。结论 营养变迁可导致全身不同部位脂质含量增加,躯干部脂肪堆积明显,以限食后开放高脂饮食为著;各部位骨密度在营养变迁过程中,呈现先降低后升高的动态改变,高脂饮食重饲骨密度恢复程度较正常饮食重饲为差;体质量、大腿/全身脂肪比例及躯干脂肪含量是影响全身及局部骨密度的重要因素。
