Background:Decaffeinated green tea extract(dGTE)can increase fat oxidation during leg exercise,but dGTE is unsuitable for many people(e.g.,those with injuries/disabilities),and its effects on arm exercise and women ar...Background:Decaffeinated green tea extract(dGTE)can increase fat oxidation during leg exercise,but dGTE is unsuitable for many people(e.g.,those with injuries/disabilities),and its effects on arm exercise and women are unknown.Methods:Eight adults(23-37 years old,4 women)performed an incremental arm cycle test to measure peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2_(peak))),followed by four 1-h trials at 50%VO_(2_(peak).Subjects were randomly assigned to 650 mg of dGTE or placebo(PLA)for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout and crossover trial.Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and post-exercise for glycerol and free fatty acid analysis.Respiratory gases were collected continuously.Results:VO_(2) showed no differences across trials((0.83-0.89)±(0.19-0.25)L/min,p=0.460),neither did energy expenditure((264-266)±(59-77)kcal,p=0.420)nor fat oxidation(dGTE=0.11 to 0.12 g/min vs.PLA=0.10 to 0.09 g/min,p=0.220).Fat oxidation as percentage of energy expenditure was not different for dGTE vs.PLA(23%±12%to 25%±11%vs.23%±10%to 21%±9%,p=0.532).Glycerol concentration increased post-exercise in all trials,independent of treatments(pre=(3.4-5.1)±(0.6-2.6)mg/dL vs.post=(7.9-9.8)±(2.6-3.7)mg/dL,p=0.867,η^(2)=0.005 for interaction),as did free fatty acid((3.5-4.8)±(1.4-2.2)mg/dL vs.(7.2-9.1)±(2.6-4.5)mg/dL,p=0.981,η^(2)=0.000).Conclusion:Chronic dGTE supplementation had no effect on lipolysis and fat oxidation during arm cycle exercise in men and women.展开更多
The biological mechanism by which maternal undernutrition increases the metabolic disorder risk of skeletal muscles in offspring is not fully understood.We hypothesize that maternal intake restriction influences metab...The biological mechanism by which maternal undernutrition increases the metabolic disorder risk of skeletal muscles in offspring is not fully understood.We hypothesize that maternal intake restriction influences metabolic signals in the skeletal muscles of offspring via a glucagon-mediated pathway.Twentyfour pregnant goats were assigned to the control group(100%of the nutrients requirement,n=12)and restricted group(60%of the control feed allowance from pregnant days 45 to 100,n=12).Blood and Longissimus thoracis muscle were sampled from dams(100 d of gestation),fetuses(100 d of gestation),and kids(90 d after birth)in each group.The data were analyzed using the linear MIXED model,with the multiple comparison method of SIDAK applied.Intake restriction reduced(P<0.05)the total blood protein of dams and fetuses.Maternal restriction decreased(P<0.05)the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1),CREB-binding protein(CREBBP),protein kinase A(PKA),aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1(BMAL1),protein kinase B(AKT1),mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and regulatory-associated protein of mTOR(RPTOR)mRNA expression in the fetuses,and reduced(P<0.05)the CREBBP,nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3(NR1 H3),D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor(DBP)and PKA mRNA levels in the kids,but increased(P<0.05)the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1 A)and tuberous sclerosis 2(TSC2)mRNA levels in the fetuses.The mRNA expression of clock circadian regulator(CLOCK)and TSC2 genes was increased(P<0.05)in the restricted kids.The protein expression of total PKA and phosphorylated PKA in the restricted fetuses and kids were downregulated(P<0.05),and the protein expression of total mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR were reduced(P<0.05)in the restricted fetuses and kids.Maternal intake restriction regulated fat oxidation,protein synthesis,and circadian clock expression in the muscles of the offspring probably via the glucagon-mediated PKA-CREB pathway,which reveals a noteworthy molecular pathway that maternal undernutrition leads to metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in offspring.展开更多
The undesirable odor of crab meatballs was evident after boiling and cooling,high-voltage electrostatic field(HVEF),lysozyme and yeast extract(LY),and the combination(LYH)were all applied to pre-deodorize crab meatbal...The undesirable odor of crab meatballs was evident after boiling and cooling,high-voltage electrostatic field(HVEF),lysozyme and yeast extract(LY),and the combination(LYH)were all applied to pre-deodorize crab meatballs to estimate the effect in view of odor,pH,fat oxidation and protein oxidation.None of the tert-butylamine(1.58±0.14 ng/g),(E,E)-2,4-Dodecadienal(18.52±0.12 ng/g),1-Octen-3-ol(13.51±0.22 ng/g)and nonanal(681.55±0.24 ng/g)in the control were detected in LYH group,while nonanal in HVEF and LY groups was reduced by 86.07%and 42.60%,respectively.Thirteen volatile substances with variable importance plot≥1 contributed prominently to the odor of crab meatballs depended on partial least squares discrimination analysis.Protein oxidation of the pretreated crab meatballs was alleviated,as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)and lipoxygenase(LOX)activity,with the best inhibitory effect of LYH being 40.10%and 62.80%on the respective effects.The correlation analysis derived that fishy substances were significantly positively correlated with TBARS and pH.LYH was the optimal pre-deodorization,which involved promoting glycolysis and lactic acid bacteria colonization in the liquid medium,and inhibiting fat oxidation by affecting enzyme activity in HVEF.展开更多
基金University Grants Program 242545,San Diego State University。
文摘Background:Decaffeinated green tea extract(dGTE)can increase fat oxidation during leg exercise,but dGTE is unsuitable for many people(e.g.,those with injuries/disabilities),and its effects on arm exercise and women are unknown.Methods:Eight adults(23-37 years old,4 women)performed an incremental arm cycle test to measure peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2_(peak))),followed by four 1-h trials at 50%VO_(2_(peak).Subjects were randomly assigned to 650 mg of dGTE or placebo(PLA)for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout and crossover trial.Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and post-exercise for glycerol and free fatty acid analysis.Respiratory gases were collected continuously.Results:VO_(2) showed no differences across trials((0.83-0.89)±(0.19-0.25)L/min,p=0.460),neither did energy expenditure((264-266)±(59-77)kcal,p=0.420)nor fat oxidation(dGTE=0.11 to 0.12 g/min vs.PLA=0.10 to 0.09 g/min,p=0.220).Fat oxidation as percentage of energy expenditure was not different for dGTE vs.PLA(23%±12%to 25%±11%vs.23%±10%to 21%±9%,p=0.532).Glycerol concentration increased post-exercise in all trials,independent of treatments(pre=(3.4-5.1)±(0.6-2.6)mg/dL vs.post=(7.9-9.8)±(2.6-3.7)mg/dL,p=0.867,η^(2)=0.005 for interaction),as did free fatty acid((3.5-4.8)±(1.4-2.2)mg/dL vs.(7.2-9.1)±(2.6-4.5)mg/dL,p=0.981,η^(2)=0.000).Conclusion:Chronic dGTE supplementation had no effect on lipolysis and fat oxidation during arm cycle exercise in men and women.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31730092,31760678 and 31402105]Hunan innovative Province construction project[2019RS3021]。
文摘The biological mechanism by which maternal undernutrition increases the metabolic disorder risk of skeletal muscles in offspring is not fully understood.We hypothesize that maternal intake restriction influences metabolic signals in the skeletal muscles of offspring via a glucagon-mediated pathway.Twentyfour pregnant goats were assigned to the control group(100%of the nutrients requirement,n=12)and restricted group(60%of the control feed allowance from pregnant days 45 to 100,n=12).Blood and Longissimus thoracis muscle were sampled from dams(100 d of gestation),fetuses(100 d of gestation),and kids(90 d after birth)in each group.The data were analyzed using the linear MIXED model,with the multiple comparison method of SIDAK applied.Intake restriction reduced(P<0.05)the total blood protein of dams and fetuses.Maternal restriction decreased(P<0.05)the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1(CREB1),CREB-binding protein(CREBBP),protein kinase A(PKA),aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1(BMAL1),protein kinase B(AKT1),mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and regulatory-associated protein of mTOR(RPTOR)mRNA expression in the fetuses,and reduced(P<0.05)the CREBBP,nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3(NR1 H3),D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor(DBP)and PKA mRNA levels in the kids,but increased(P<0.05)the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1 A)and tuberous sclerosis 2(TSC2)mRNA levels in the fetuses.The mRNA expression of clock circadian regulator(CLOCK)and TSC2 genes was increased(P<0.05)in the restricted kids.The protein expression of total PKA and phosphorylated PKA in the restricted fetuses and kids were downregulated(P<0.05),and the protein expression of total mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR were reduced(P<0.05)in the restricted fetuses and kids.Maternal intake restriction regulated fat oxidation,protein synthesis,and circadian clock expression in the muscles of the offspring probably via the glucagon-mediated PKA-CREB pathway,which reveals a noteworthy molecular pathway that maternal undernutrition leads to metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in offspring.
基金financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(Contract No.2017YFD0400501)the 111 Project(BP0719028)+1 种基金National First-class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology(No.JUFSTR20180205)Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory Project of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology(No.FMZ202003)。
文摘The undesirable odor of crab meatballs was evident after boiling and cooling,high-voltage electrostatic field(HVEF),lysozyme and yeast extract(LY),and the combination(LYH)were all applied to pre-deodorize crab meatballs to estimate the effect in view of odor,pH,fat oxidation and protein oxidation.None of the tert-butylamine(1.58±0.14 ng/g),(E,E)-2,4-Dodecadienal(18.52±0.12 ng/g),1-Octen-3-ol(13.51±0.22 ng/g)and nonanal(681.55±0.24 ng/g)in the control were detected in LYH group,while nonanal in HVEF and LY groups was reduced by 86.07%and 42.60%,respectively.Thirteen volatile substances with variable importance plot≥1 contributed prominently to the odor of crab meatballs depended on partial least squares discrimination analysis.Protein oxidation of the pretreated crab meatballs was alleviated,as well as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)and lipoxygenase(LOX)activity,with the best inhibitory effect of LYH being 40.10%and 62.80%on the respective effects.The correlation analysis derived that fishy substances were significantly positively correlated with TBARS and pH.LYH was the optimal pre-deodorization,which involved promoting glycolysis and lactic acid bacteria colonization in the liquid medium,and inhibiting fat oxidation by affecting enzyme activity in HVEF.
