The Capital Iron and Steel Corporation (Shou Gang) is one of the eight major iron and steel companies in China and one of the first state-owned enterprises to be selected as a testing ground for the reform programme, ...The Capital Iron and Steel Corporation (Shou Gang) is one of the eight major iron and steel companies in China and one of the first state-owned enterprises to be selected as a testing ground for the reform programme, since it was authorized to manage its own foreign trade in 1981, the Corporation’s export trade has expanded steadily. Especially since 1992, its development in foreign trade has skyrocketed because China Shou Gang International Trade Construction Company was approved to be set up. In 1993, it exported 239,700 tons of steel. Its foreign exchange income reached US$630 million, of which the Shou Gang’s self-managed exports took up US$96.98 million. During the展开更多
While 30 anniversaries of China’s reform and opening-up the hottest issue in the whole country,World PR Congress 2008 hosted in Beijing in November becomes the hottest topic in the PR industry after Beijing Olympic G...While 30 anniversaries of China’s reform and opening-up the hottest issue in the whole country,World PR Congress 2008 hosted in Beijing in November becomes the hottest topic in the PR industry after Beijing Olympic Games.Just like 2008 Olympic Games symbolizing the prosperity of Chinese society,World PR Congress stands for another development climax,and also a new start of PR industry in China.展开更多
China has decided to speed-up the nuclear power development.It is programmed that the nuclear power capacity will reach 40 GWe in 2020 and envisaged 60 GWe and 240 GWe in 2030 and 2050 respectively.The basic strategy ...China has decided to speed-up the nuclear power development.It is programmed that the nuclear power capacity will reach 40 GWe in 2020 and envisaged 60 GWe and 240 GWe in 2030 and 2050 respectively.The basic strategy of PWR-FBR matched development with Fast reactor metal fuel closed cycle for a sustainable and quick increasing nuclear energy supply is adopted.Another strategy also decided is that the partitioning and transmutation of MA will be realized using fast burner and ADS.The fast reactor engineering development will be divided into three steps:China Experimental Fast Reactor(CEFR 65 MWt/20 MWe),China Prototype/Demonstration Fast Reactor(CPFR/CDFR≥1500 MWt/600 MWe)and China Demonstration Fast Breeder Reactor(CDFBR 1000~1500 MWe).The CEFR is under installation and pre-operation testing with it's first criticality planned in 2009.The design study of CPFR is just started in 2006.Recently a discussion for the second step is under way to faster the fast reactor development by a larger than 600 MWe CPFR and as a role of CDFR.展开更多
Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns...Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns in China, and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets. The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction, land degradation aggravation, high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion, expanded non-point pollution, deteriorated water quality, decreasing biodiversity, destroyed ecosystems, severe air pollution, frequently occurred acid rain, and multi-pollutants. The important research fields in the near future should include a) influence of high-intensity exploitation of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback; b) interface processes, key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water-, land-, and air-resources and environmental quality; c) evolvement processes and nurturing theory of biodiversity and ecological resources; and d) spatio-temporal variation and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality. Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows: a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment, and controlling non-point pollution; c) strengthening ecological construction and ecological security; and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.展开更多
(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such ma...(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such materials in apparatus is laggard than developed countries. GMM materials are mainly applied in step motors, linear actuators, ultrasonic systems, sonar systems, valves, precise controls, active vibration damping etc. It is estimated that the near 10 years will be the fast developing period of global GMM market. Global production of GMM materials during 1989 to 2005 is listed in Table 3.展开更多
Asia‐Pacific’s fast‐developing countries and regions(FDCs)—South Korea,Taiwan Province of China,Singapore,Malaysia,and Thailand—demonstrate the most successful economic development models.The government represent...Asia‐Pacific’s fast‐developing countries and regions(FDCs)—South Korea,Taiwan Province of China,Singapore,Malaysia,and Thailand—demonstrate the most successful economic development models.The government represents the primary guarantee of FDCs’economic and social construction.Public and foreign investments and government policies to stimulate local and foreign businesses play a decisive role in the development of technological innovations in these FDCs.In these countries,basic research is increasing through the development of knowledge‐based industries,the role of research institutes,the applied research undertaken,and the value of educational institutions.Close cooperation between science and industry led to a change in the structure and nature of the economy,which has become increasingly dependent on new knowledge and ideas.展开更多
The effects of environmental parameters on insect development have been studied extensively. But the reasons for 2 differential developmental rates within same cohort under varying environmental factors have not been ...The effects of environmental parameters on insect development have been studied extensively. But the reasons for 2 differential developmental rates within same cohort under varying environmental factors have not been explored. For the purpose, in this study the existence and stability of slow and fast development under 5 photoperiods （i.e., 8L： 16D, 10L ： 14D, 12L ： 12D, 14L ： 10D and 16L ： 8D; light and dark hours per day） and its effect on body mass and reproductive attributes in 2 aphidophagous ladybirds, Menochilus sexmaculatus （Fabricius） and Propylea dissecta （Mulsant） was examined on Aphis craccivora Koch at 27 4- 1 ~C temperature. A clear bimodal （2 peaks, where the first peak represented the fast developing and the 2nd peak slow developing individuals） pattern of distribution at each photoperiod was found. The proportion of slow and fast developing individuals in a cohort differed with photoperiods. The slow developing individuals were more in numbers at 8L ： 16D, in equal numbers at 14L ： 10D and in less numbers at 16L： 8D, indicating that the variation in emergence was owing to exogenous cues influenced differential rates of mortality. Slow developing individuals had female biased sex ratio, higher longevity and lower body mass than fast developing individuals. Fast developing females laid higher numbers of eggs with higher egg viability than slow developing females. Study of such variations in development at different photoperiods is helpful to understand its role in the development of insects particularly ladybirds and permits the selection of fast developing bioagents for their use in biocontrol of pest species.展开更多
The development of fast ionic conductors to improve the performance of electrochemical devices relies on expensive high-throughput(HT)density functional theory(DFT)calculations of transport properties.Machine learning...The development of fast ionic conductors to improve the performance of electrochemical devices relies on expensive high-throughput(HT)density functional theory(DFT)calculations of transport properties.Machine learning(ML)can accelerate HT workflows but requires high-quality data to ensure accurate predictions from trained models.In this study,we introduce the LiTraj dataset,which comprises 13,000 percolation and 122,000 migration barriers,and 1700 migration trajectories,calculated for Li-ion in diverse crystal structures using empirical force fields and DFT,respectively.With LiTraj,we demonstrate that classicalMLmodels and graph neural networks(GNNs)for structureto-property prediction of percolation and migration barriers can distinguish between“fast”and“poor”ionic conductors.Furthermore,we evaluate the capability of GNN-based universal ML interatomic potentials(uMLIPs)to identify optimal Li-ion migration trajectories.Fine-tuned uMLIPs achieve near-DFT accuracy in predicting migration barriers,significantly accelerating HT screenings of new ionic conductors.展开更多
文摘The Capital Iron and Steel Corporation (Shou Gang) is one of the eight major iron and steel companies in China and one of the first state-owned enterprises to be selected as a testing ground for the reform programme, since it was authorized to manage its own foreign trade in 1981, the Corporation’s export trade has expanded steadily. Especially since 1992, its development in foreign trade has skyrocketed because China Shou Gang International Trade Construction Company was approved to be set up. In 1993, it exported 239,700 tons of steel. Its foreign exchange income reached US$630 million, of which the Shou Gang’s self-managed exports took up US$96.98 million. During the
文摘While 30 anniversaries of China’s reform and opening-up the hottest issue in the whole country,World PR Congress 2008 hosted in Beijing in November becomes the hottest topic in the PR industry after Beijing Olympic Games.Just like 2008 Olympic Games symbolizing the prosperity of Chinese society,World PR Congress stands for another development climax,and also a new start of PR industry in China.
文摘China has decided to speed-up the nuclear power development.It is programmed that the nuclear power capacity will reach 40 GWe in 2020 and envisaged 60 GWe and 240 GWe in 2030 and 2050 respectively.The basic strategy of PWR-FBR matched development with Fast reactor metal fuel closed cycle for a sustainable and quick increasing nuclear energy supply is adopted.Another strategy also decided is that the partitioning and transmutation of MA will be realized using fast burner and ADS.The fast reactor engineering development will be divided into three steps:China Experimental Fast Reactor(CEFR 65 MWt/20 MWe),China Prototype/Demonstration Fast Reactor(CPFR/CDFR≥1500 MWt/600 MWe)and China Demonstration Fast Breeder Reactor(CDFBR 1000~1500 MWe).The CEFR is under installation and pre-operation testing with it's first criticality planned in 2009.The design study of CPFR is just started in 2006.Recently a discussion for the second step is under way to faster the fast reactor development by a larger than 600 MWe CPFR and as a role of CDFR.
基金Project (No. G1999011801) supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China.
文摘Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns in China, and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets. The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction, land degradation aggravation, high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion, expanded non-point pollution, deteriorated water quality, decreasing biodiversity, destroyed ecosystems, severe air pollution, frequently occurred acid rain, and multi-pollutants. The important research fields in the near future should include a) influence of high-intensity exploitation of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback; b) interface processes, key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water-, land-, and air-resources and environmental quality; c) evolvement processes and nurturing theory of biodiversity and ecological resources; and d) spatio-temporal variation and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality. Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows: a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment, and controlling non-point pollution; c) strengthening ecological construction and ecological security; and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.
文摘(2) Other Magnetic Materials RE Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMM) Research of GMM in China started since 1980s but developed rapidly. The products can be produced in batches today. However, application of such materials in apparatus is laggard than developed countries. GMM materials are mainly applied in step motors, linear actuators, ultrasonic systems, sonar systems, valves, precise controls, active vibration damping etc. It is estimated that the near 10 years will be the fast developing period of global GMM market. Global production of GMM materials during 1989 to 2005 is listed in Table 3.
文摘Asia‐Pacific’s fast‐developing countries and regions(FDCs)—South Korea,Taiwan Province of China,Singapore,Malaysia,and Thailand—demonstrate the most successful economic development models.The government represents the primary guarantee of FDCs’economic and social construction.Public and foreign investments and government policies to stimulate local and foreign businesses play a decisive role in the development of technological innovations in these FDCs.In these countries,basic research is increasing through the development of knowledge‐based industries,the role of research institutes,the applied research undertaken,and the value of educational institutions.Close cooperation between science and industry led to a change in the structure and nature of the economy,which has become increasingly dependent on new knowledge and ideas.
文摘The effects of environmental parameters on insect development have been studied extensively. But the reasons for 2 differential developmental rates within same cohort under varying environmental factors have not been explored. For the purpose, in this study the existence and stability of slow and fast development under 5 photoperiods （i.e., 8L： 16D, 10L ： 14D, 12L ： 12D, 14L ： 10D and 16L ： 8D; light and dark hours per day） and its effect on body mass and reproductive attributes in 2 aphidophagous ladybirds, Menochilus sexmaculatus （Fabricius） and Propylea dissecta （Mulsant） was examined on Aphis craccivora Koch at 27 4- 1 ~C temperature. A clear bimodal （2 peaks, where the first peak represented the fast developing and the 2nd peak slow developing individuals） pattern of distribution at each photoperiod was found. The proportion of slow and fast developing individuals in a cohort differed with photoperiods. The slow developing individuals were more in numbers at 8L ： 16D, in equal numbers at 14L ： 10D and in less numbers at 16L： 8D, indicating that the variation in emergence was owing to exogenous cues influenced differential rates of mortality. Slow developing individuals had female biased sex ratio, higher longevity and lower body mass than fast developing individuals. Fast developing females laid higher numbers of eggs with higher egg viability than slow developing females. Study of such variations in development at different photoperiods is helpful to understand its role in the development of insects particularly ladybirds and permits the selection of fast developing bioagents for their use in biocontrol of pest species.
基金the financial support of Russian Science Foundation project No.24-73-10204.
文摘The development of fast ionic conductors to improve the performance of electrochemical devices relies on expensive high-throughput(HT)density functional theory(DFT)calculations of transport properties.Machine learning(ML)can accelerate HT workflows but requires high-quality data to ensure accurate predictions from trained models.In this study,we introduce the LiTraj dataset,which comprises 13,000 percolation and 122,000 migration barriers,and 1700 migration trajectories,calculated for Li-ion in diverse crystal structures using empirical force fields and DFT,respectively.With LiTraj,we demonstrate that classicalMLmodels and graph neural networks(GNNs)for structureto-property prediction of percolation and migration barriers can distinguish between“fast”and“poor”ionic conductors.Furthermore,we evaluate the capability of GNN-based universal ML interatomic potentials(uMLIPs)to identify optimal Li-ion migration trajectories.Fine-tuned uMLIPs achieve near-DFT accuracy in predicting migration barriers,significantly accelerating HT screenings of new ionic conductors.
