To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyze...To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by observing the temporal distribution of inflow passengers each hour and the spatial distribution concerning cross-section passenger flow.Secondly,the identification method of crowded passenger flow is proposed to calculate the threshold via the probability density function fitted by Matlab and classify the early-warning situation based on the threshold obtained.Finally,a case study of Xinjiekou station is conducted to prove the validity and practicability of the proposed method.Compared to the traditional methods,the proposed comprehensive method can remove defects such as efficiency and delay.Furthermore,the proposed method is suitable for other rail transit companies equipped with automatic fare collection systems.展开更多
The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit a...The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit assignment and improper transit resources distribution.In order to distribute transit passenger flow evenly and efficiently,this paper introduces a new distance-based fare pattern with Euclidean distance.A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal distance-based fare pattern,with the path-based stochastic transit assignment(STA)problem with elastic demand being proposed at the lower level.The upper-level intends to address a principal-agent game between transport authorities and transit enterprises pursing maximization of social welfare and financial interest,respectively.A genetic algorithm(GA)is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example to illustrate that the proposed nonlinear distance-based fare pattern presents a better financial performance and distribution effect than other fare structures.展开更多
A proposal to increase the subway fare in Beijing has commuters debating the merits of this move in a city choked with traffic and burgeoning public transport numbers.On June 19, 2011,Beijing Times reported that the c...A proposal to increase the subway fare in Beijing has commuters debating the merits of this move in a city choked with traffic and burgeoning public transport numbers.On June 19, 2011,Beijing Times reported that the city’s transport authority was mulling over instituting a policy of price differences between rush hour and off-peak hours.The proposal is aimed at spreading the mass of subway commuters during rush hours,展开更多
Public Transport(PT)provides passenger mobility and contributes to sustainable transportation.To achieve this a PT system must provide continuous accessible service and connections for passengers.PT reliability is con...Public Transport(PT)provides passenger mobility and contributes to sustainable transportation.To achieve this a PT system must provide continuous accessible service and connections for passengers.PT reliability is considered a major obstacle to growing its market share.Current solutions primarily address travel time reliability through methods like priority lanes and traffic signal priority.Dwell time reliability improvement,in turn,can be achieved by the use of smart cards which reduce the variability in boarding and alighting times.Another factor affecting reliability is in-vehicle crowdedness which causes delays and increases dwell time variability.To mitigate crowdedness,we propose a monetary approach that dynamically changes the fare based on the in-vehicle crowdedness level in a manner similar to congestion pricing.This approach would shift some passengers from boarding the over-crowded vehicle to waiting for the next,less crowded vehicle,while compensating them for the additional waiting.Passengers unwilling to wait might pay a penalty if the additional waiting time is reasonable.To assess the attitude of passengers towards a dynamic fare model,a stated preference questionnaire was developed to assess the factors that affect the choice of whether or not to board an over-crowded vehicle.Based on panel data and the fixed effect logit model it was revealed that the higher the waiting time,the lower the willingness to board the next vehicle.However,monetary schemes(penalties or discounts)increased the willingness to wait and board the next vehicle.Moreover,the willingness to wait was higher when a penalty was introduced compared to a discount,which is in line with the prospect theory.The results suggest that it is possible to construct a dynamic fare model that using data on vehicle crowdedness levels and waiting times obtained from advanced data collection systems,which is integrated within a mobile payment application.This approach could reduce crowdedness and increase reliability.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFE0206800)
文摘To relieve traffic congestion in urban rail transit stations,a new identification method of crowded passenger flow based on automatic fare collection data is proposed.First,passenger travel characteristics are analyzed by observing the temporal distribution of inflow passengers each hour and the spatial distribution concerning cross-section passenger flow.Secondly,the identification method of crowded passenger flow is proposed to calculate the threshold via the probability density function fitted by Matlab and classify the early-warning situation based on the threshold obtained.Finally,a case study of Xinjiekou station is conducted to prove the validity and practicability of the proposed method.Compared to the traditional methods,the proposed comprehensive method can remove defects such as efficiency and delay.Furthermore,the proposed method is suitable for other rail transit companies equipped with automatic fare collection systems.
基金the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20YJCZH121).
文摘The urban transit fare structure and level can largely affect passengers’travel behavior and route choices.The commonly used transit fare policies in the present transit network would lead to the unbalanced transit assignment and improper transit resources distribution.In order to distribute transit passenger flow evenly and efficiently,this paper introduces a new distance-based fare pattern with Euclidean distance.A bi-level programming model is developed for determining the optimal distance-based fare pattern,with the path-based stochastic transit assignment(STA)problem with elastic demand being proposed at the lower level.The upper-level intends to address a principal-agent game between transport authorities and transit enterprises pursing maximization of social welfare and financial interest,respectively.A genetic algorithm(GA)is implemented to solve the bi-level model,which is verified by a numerical example to illustrate that the proposed nonlinear distance-based fare pattern presents a better financial performance and distribution effect than other fare structures.
文摘A proposal to increase the subway fare in Beijing has commuters debating the merits of this move in a city choked with traffic and burgeoning public transport numbers.On June 19, 2011,Beijing Times reported that the city’s transport authority was mulling over instituting a policy of price differences between rush hour and off-peak hours.The proposal is aimed at spreading the mass of subway commuters during rush hours,
文摘Public Transport(PT)provides passenger mobility and contributes to sustainable transportation.To achieve this a PT system must provide continuous accessible service and connections for passengers.PT reliability is considered a major obstacle to growing its market share.Current solutions primarily address travel time reliability through methods like priority lanes and traffic signal priority.Dwell time reliability improvement,in turn,can be achieved by the use of smart cards which reduce the variability in boarding and alighting times.Another factor affecting reliability is in-vehicle crowdedness which causes delays and increases dwell time variability.To mitigate crowdedness,we propose a monetary approach that dynamically changes the fare based on the in-vehicle crowdedness level in a manner similar to congestion pricing.This approach would shift some passengers from boarding the over-crowded vehicle to waiting for the next,less crowded vehicle,while compensating them for the additional waiting.Passengers unwilling to wait might pay a penalty if the additional waiting time is reasonable.To assess the attitude of passengers towards a dynamic fare model,a stated preference questionnaire was developed to assess the factors that affect the choice of whether or not to board an over-crowded vehicle.Based on panel data and the fixed effect logit model it was revealed that the higher the waiting time,the lower the willingness to board the next vehicle.However,monetary schemes(penalties or discounts)increased the willingness to wait and board the next vehicle.Moreover,the willingness to wait was higher when a penalty was introduced compared to a discount,which is in line with the prospect theory.The results suggest that it is possible to construct a dynamic fare model that using data on vehicle crowdedness levels and waiting times obtained from advanced data collection systems,which is integrated within a mobile payment application.This approach could reduce crowdedness and increase reliability.
