People may remember events inaccurately after being exposed to misleading information.This can lead to false memories being reported in multiple interviews.The higher the attentional salience of the original event inf...People may remember events inaccurately after being exposed to misleading information.This can lead to false memories being reported in multiple interviews.The higher the attentional salience of the original event information(i.e.,the extent to which it strongly captures attention during encoding),the less likely young adults are to form false memories.However,it was unknown whether this would also apply to older adults across multiple memory assessments.This study used the misinformation paradigm to examine age differences in memory accuracy and consistency in two recognition tests.It also investigated how attentional salience of the original information influenced memory performances.Thirty young adults(aged 23±2 years)and 30 older adults(aged 70±3 years)saw images of original events,then read misleading narratives,and finally completed a verbal recognition test and a pictorial recognition test based on what they had seen in the original events.Results showed that older adults reported more false memories than young adults in both tests.Older adults were less consistent in reporting true memories across two tests,but there was no age difference in the consistency of false memories.Greater attentional salience helped young and older adults report more original information and less misinformation,though the effect was weaker in older adults.It also helped young and older adults report original information more consistently across tests.Overall,this study showed that how well the original information was encoded significantly influenced eyewitness reports across interviews in young and older adults.展开更多
We investigated the psychological mechanism of survival processing advantage from the perspective of false memory in two experiments.Using a DRM paradigm in combination with analysis based on signal detection theory,w...We investigated the psychological mechanism of survival processing advantage from the perspective of false memory in two experiments.Using a DRM paradigm in combination with analysis based on signal detection theory,we were able to separately examine participants’utilization of verbatim representation and gist representation.Specifically,in Experiment 1,participants rated semantically related words in a survival scenario for a survival condition but rated pleasantness of words in the same DRM lists for a non-survival control condition.The results showed that participants demonstrated more gist processing in the survival condition than in the pleasantness condition;however,the degree of item-specific processing in the two encoding conditions did not significantly differ.In Experiment 2,the control task was changed to a category rating task,in which participants were asked to make category ratings of words in the category lists.We found that the survival condition involved more item-specific processing than did the category condition,but we found no significant difference between the two encoding conditions at the level of gist processing.Overall,our study demonstrates that survival processing can simultaneously promote gist and item-specific representations.When the control tasks only promoted either item-specific representation or gist representation,memory advantages of survival processing occurred.展开更多
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Projects,2021ZD0200500Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,2243300006+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971000 and 32330039)Young Top Notch Talents of Ten Thousand Talent Program。
文摘People may remember events inaccurately after being exposed to misleading information.This can lead to false memories being reported in multiple interviews.The higher the attentional salience of the original event information(i.e.,the extent to which it strongly captures attention during encoding),the less likely young adults are to form false memories.However,it was unknown whether this would also apply to older adults across multiple memory assessments.This study used the misinformation paradigm to examine age differences in memory accuracy and consistency in two recognition tests.It also investigated how attentional salience of the original information influenced memory performances.Thirty young adults(aged 23±2 years)and 30 older adults(aged 70±3 years)saw images of original events,then read misleading narratives,and finally completed a verbal recognition test and a pictorial recognition test based on what they had seen in the original events.Results showed that older adults reported more false memories than young adults in both tests.Older adults were less consistent in reporting true memories across two tests,but there was no age difference in the consistency of false memories.Greater attentional salience helped young and older adults report more original information and less misinformation,though the effect was weaker in older adults.It also helped young and older adults report original information more consistently across tests.Overall,this study showed that how well the original information was encoded significantly influenced eyewitness reports across interviews in young and older adults.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271202,30870763,J1103602)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7093123)
文摘We investigated the psychological mechanism of survival processing advantage from the perspective of false memory in two experiments.Using a DRM paradigm in combination with analysis based on signal detection theory,we were able to separately examine participants’utilization of verbatim representation and gist representation.Specifically,in Experiment 1,participants rated semantically related words in a survival scenario for a survival condition but rated pleasantness of words in the same DRM lists for a non-survival control condition.The results showed that participants demonstrated more gist processing in the survival condition than in the pleasantness condition;however,the degree of item-specific processing in the two encoding conditions did not significantly differ.In Experiment 2,the control task was changed to a category rating task,in which participants were asked to make category ratings of words in the category lists.We found that the survival condition involved more item-specific processing than did the category condition,but we found no significant difference between the two encoding conditions at the level of gist processing.Overall,our study demonstrates that survival processing can simultaneously promote gist and item-specific representations.When the control tasks only promoted either item-specific representation or gist representation,memory advantages of survival processing occurred.
