Falcon作为一种后量子数字签名算法,被选为美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)首批标准化方案之一. Falcon的核心算法在实际实现中很容易出错,引发可能的密码学误用问题.对Falcon核心函...Falcon作为一种后量子数字签名算法,被选为美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)首批标准化方案之一. Falcon的核心算法在实际实现中很容易出错,引发可能的密码学误用问题.对Falcon核心函数进行形式化验证,以确保其正确性是非常重要的.在过去10年中,计算机辅助密码学领域将形式化方法引入了密码学工程.这使得高性能密码实现具有了强有力的函数正确性和特定实现安全性属性的形式化保证.贡献包括:(1)构建了完整的证明框架,通过形式化验证方法,成功弥合了Falcon的实际代码实现与数学描述之间的差距;(2)在EasyCrypt证明体系中验证了Falcon中的Montgomery模乘、NTT算法、FFT算法的正确性,并对整数高斯采样算法的正确性证明方法进行了探索;(3)给出及优化了基于Jasmin混合编程的Falcon签名与验证实现.展开更多
Ongoing climate change is driving high-altitude bird species to occupy even higher elevations,yet physiological and regulatory responses enabling these transitions remain poorly understood.This study investigated acut...Ongoing climate change is driving high-altitude bird species to occupy even higher elevations,yet physiological and regulatory responses enabling these transitions remain poorly understood.This study investigated acute hypoxic responses in saker falcons(Falco cherrug)inhabiting the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by exposing individuals to simulated altitudes of 5000-6000 m above sea level(a.s.l.),exceeding their typical elevation range(approximately 4300 m a.s.l.).GPS tracking data indicated that juvenile falcons maintained comparable activity levels across 4000-5000 m and 5000-6000 m a.s.l.ranges.However,pre-fledging individuals subjected to 6000 m hypoxia for three days exhibited marked increases in hemoglobin concentration and blood glucose.Transcriptomic profiling revealed significant suppression of glycolytic activity,notably characterized by reduced expression of hexokinase 1(HK1),a key enzymatic gene involved in the glycolytic pathway.ATAC-seq further identified enhanced chromatin accessibility within the HK1 locus under hypoxia,revealing two conserved cis-regulatory elements recognized by the transcription factor NR3C1 in the hypoxia-treated group.NR3C1 expression was negatively correlated with HK1.Notably,both elements were unique and evolutionarily conserved in avian taxa,suggesting a potential role in hypoxia resilience among highland birds.These findings provide mechanistic insights into the molecular and physiological strategies employed by sakers to tolerate acute hypoxic stress and inform conservation efforts for high-altitude bird species on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and other alpine ecosystems facing accelerating climate change.展开更多
The microsatellite analysis of DNA plays an important role in studying the population genetics such as population structure, genetic variability and diversity, phylogenetic relationships of wild population of endanger...The microsatellite analysis of DNA plays an important role in studying the population genetics such as population structure, genetic variability and diversity, phylogenetic relationships of wild population of endangered species. The main aim of this study was the estimation of ten microsatellite markers variability in the F. cherrug and F. peregrinus populations. We investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations by using non-invasive genetic identification of individuals to characterize populations of raptors living in the captivity and wild in the Czech Republic during the breeding seasons 2009 and 2010. Within Falco cherrug, significant moderate genetic differentiation （FsT） was observed between Falco cherrug wild and captive. This means that there could be a little differentiation between the wild and the captive populations caused by Falco cherrug subspecies origin or hybridization in the captivity. The absence of significant genetic differentiation between Falco peregrinus wild and captive may be caused by the influence of reintroduction the captive populations in the past. Whereas one breeding population ofFalco peregrinus （Kokorinsko2 2010） was clustered by UPGMA dendrogram into the individual group, we assumed this population like independent, maybe not influenced by other groups. Moreover, a larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the hypothesis.展开更多
文摘Falcon作为一种后量子数字签名算法,被选为美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)首批标准化方案之一. Falcon的核心算法在实际实现中很容易出错,引发可能的密码学误用问题.对Falcon核心函数进行形式化验证,以确保其正确性是非常重要的.在过去10年中,计算机辅助密码学领域将形式化方法引入了密码学工程.这使得高性能密码实现具有了强有力的函数正确性和特定实现安全性属性的形式化保证.贡献包括:(1)构建了完整的证明框架,通过形式化验证方法,成功弥合了Falcon的实际代码实现与数学描述之间的差距;(2)在EasyCrypt证明体系中验证了Falcon中的Montgomery模乘、NTT算法、FFT算法的正确性,并对整数高斯采样算法的正确性证明方法进行了探索;(3)给出及优化了基于Jasmin混合编程的Falcon签名与验证实现.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(32222012,32125005,32270455,32361133559)。
文摘Ongoing climate change is driving high-altitude bird species to occupy even higher elevations,yet physiological and regulatory responses enabling these transitions remain poorly understood.This study investigated acute hypoxic responses in saker falcons(Falco cherrug)inhabiting the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by exposing individuals to simulated altitudes of 5000-6000 m above sea level(a.s.l.),exceeding their typical elevation range(approximately 4300 m a.s.l.).GPS tracking data indicated that juvenile falcons maintained comparable activity levels across 4000-5000 m and 5000-6000 m a.s.l.ranges.However,pre-fledging individuals subjected to 6000 m hypoxia for three days exhibited marked increases in hemoglobin concentration and blood glucose.Transcriptomic profiling revealed significant suppression of glycolytic activity,notably characterized by reduced expression of hexokinase 1(HK1),a key enzymatic gene involved in the glycolytic pathway.ATAC-seq further identified enhanced chromatin accessibility within the HK1 locus under hypoxia,revealing two conserved cis-regulatory elements recognized by the transcription factor NR3C1 in the hypoxia-treated group.NR3C1 expression was negatively correlated with HK1.Notably,both elements were unique and evolutionarily conserved in avian taxa,suggesting a potential role in hypoxia resilience among highland birds.These findings provide mechanistic insights into the molecular and physiological strategies employed by sakers to tolerate acute hypoxic stress and inform conservation efforts for high-altitude bird species on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and other alpine ecosystems facing accelerating climate change.
文摘The microsatellite analysis of DNA plays an important role in studying the population genetics such as population structure, genetic variability and diversity, phylogenetic relationships of wild population of endangered species. The main aim of this study was the estimation of ten microsatellite markers variability in the F. cherrug and F. peregrinus populations. We investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations by using non-invasive genetic identification of individuals to characterize populations of raptors living in the captivity and wild in the Czech Republic during the breeding seasons 2009 and 2010. Within Falco cherrug, significant moderate genetic differentiation （FsT） was observed between Falco cherrug wild and captive. This means that there could be a little differentiation between the wild and the captive populations caused by Falco cherrug subspecies origin or hybridization in the captivity. The absence of significant genetic differentiation between Falco peregrinus wild and captive may be caused by the influence of reintroduction the captive populations in the past. Whereas one breeding population ofFalco peregrinus （Kokorinsko2 2010） was clustered by UPGMA dendrogram into the individual group, we assumed this population like independent, maybe not influenced by other groups. Moreover, a larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the hypothesis.
