Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har...Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har-bors four and six homologous copies,respectively,of the two fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3,which con-trol the last two steps of ALA biosynthesis during seed oil accumulation.In this study,we compared their promoters,coding sequences,and expression levels in three high-ALA inbred lines 2006L,R8Q10,and YH25005,a low-ALA line A28,a low-ALA/high-oleic-acid accession SW,and the wildtype ZS11.The expression levels of most FAD2 and FAD3 homologs in the three high-ALA accessions were higher than those in ZS11 and much higher than those in A28 and SW.The three high-ALA accessions shared similar sequences with the pro-moters and CDSs of BnFAD3.C4 and BnFAD3.A3.In A28 and SW,substitution of three amino acid residues in BnFAD2.A5 and BnFAD2.C5,an absence of BnFAD2.C1 locus,and a 549 bp long deletion on the BnFAD3.A3 promoter were detected.The profile of BnFAD2 mutation in the two low-ALA accessions A28 and SW is different from that reported in previous studies.The mutations in BnFAD3 in the high-ALA accessions are reported for thefirst time.In identifying the sites of these mutations,we provide detailed information to aid the design of mole-cular markers for accelerated breeding schemes.展开更多
5×FAD转基因小鼠(transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease)是携带5个家族性基因突变的APP/PS1转基因小鼠,其中与β-淀粉样蛋白前体(amyloid precursor protein,APP)相关的突变为K670N/M671L(Swedish)、1716V(Flo...5×FAD转基因小鼠(transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer’s disease)是携带5个家族性基因突变的APP/PS1转基因小鼠,其中与β-淀粉样蛋白前体(amyloid precursor protein,APP)相关的突变为K670N/M671L(Swedish)、1716V(Florida)和V7171(London),与早老素-1(presenilin 1,PS1)相关的突变为MI46L和L286V。5×FAD小鼠在1.5月龄时脑内已有大量的β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ),2月龄时开始出现神经炎性斑(neuritic plaque,NP)。5×FAD小鼠的病理表型包括淀粉样斑块聚集、神经元丢失、神经胶质细胞增生和记忆功能障碍等。5×FAD小鼠的生物学特性可能涉及脑内Aβ斑块的形成变化、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化、突触功能障碍、神经炎症反应、线粒体功能障碍、血脑屏障损伤、神经元损伤、内质网应激和眼部病变等。作为阿尔茨海默病的经典动物模型,5×FAD转基因小鼠在早期即可模拟AD患者晚期的神经病理过程及行为学表现,被广泛应用于AD发病机制研究和AD新药开发。本文对5×FAD转基因小鼠模型的模型构建、生物学背景、生物学特性及AD防治药物的研发应用进行总结,以期为5×FAD转基因小鼠在AD研究中的应用提供参考与借鉴作用。展开更多
基金The study was financially supported by Projects from Shaanxi Province(2021LLRH-07-03-01 and 2023-ZDLNY-07)Yangling Seed Industry Innovation(YLzy-yc2021-01).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har-bors four and six homologous copies,respectively,of the two fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3,which con-trol the last two steps of ALA biosynthesis during seed oil accumulation.In this study,we compared their promoters,coding sequences,and expression levels in three high-ALA inbred lines 2006L,R8Q10,and YH25005,a low-ALA line A28,a low-ALA/high-oleic-acid accession SW,and the wildtype ZS11.The expression levels of most FAD2 and FAD3 homologs in the three high-ALA accessions were higher than those in ZS11 and much higher than those in A28 and SW.The three high-ALA accessions shared similar sequences with the pro-moters and CDSs of BnFAD3.C4 and BnFAD3.A3.In A28 and SW,substitution of three amino acid residues in BnFAD2.A5 and BnFAD2.C5,an absence of BnFAD2.C1 locus,and a 549 bp long deletion on the BnFAD3.A3 promoter were detected.The profile of BnFAD2 mutation in the two low-ALA accessions A28 and SW is different from that reported in previous studies.The mutations in BnFAD3 in the high-ALA accessions are reported for thefirst time.In identifying the sites of these mutations,we provide detailed information to aid the design of mole-cular markers for accelerated breeding schemes.
