Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is cha...Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.展开更多
The significant variation in plant regeneration efficiency between indica and japonica rice poses a major challenge for crop improvement.However,the molecular basis for this divergence remains largely unclear.In this ...The significant variation in plant regeneration efficiency between indica and japonica rice poses a major challenge for crop improvement.However,the molecular basis for this divergence remains largely unclear.In this study,we investigated the role of Oryza sativa AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 13(OsARF13),a transcription factor involved in callus-related processes.We observed that OsARF13 expression is significantly higher in japonica rice callus than in indica rice callus.This differential expression might be associated with an allelic variation in the promoter region of OsARF13,where a deletion commonly found in indica rice corresponds to the loss of a conserved auxin-responsive element(AuxRE)motif.To functionally characterize OsARF13,we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutants.These mutants exhibited a substantial reduction in callus fresh weight,demonstrating that OsARF13 is required for efficient callus induction.Transcriptome analysis of the osarf13 mutant further showed that OsARF13 influences the expression of genes involved in hormone signal transduction and stress responses.Our findings suggest that OsARF13 is a key component of the regulatory network governing callus induction and that natural variation in its promoter might provide a potential explanation for the differential regenerative capacity between japonica and indica rice subspecies.展开更多
This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;...This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;28 met inclusion criteria(excluding non-adolescents,generic internet addiction,non-empirical work,or non-English).Thematic synthesis organized findings into three external risk domains—family,school,and peers—considering cultural/contextual mechanisms.Family dynamics(parental phubbing,harsh parenting,dysfunction),school stressors,and adverse peer relationships were identified as accumulating,direct and indirect contributors to smartphone addiction.These operate within a techno-ecological framework,where digital technologies amplify vulnerabilities and create new pathways for maladaptive use.Evidence favors an ecological,multi-level perspective.Future research should use longitudinal designs,standardize measures across cultures,and examine understudied regions—especially Africa—to guide culturally sensitive interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and dep...BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and depression(PSD)do not receive sufficient attention.AIM To systematically evaluate risk factors and early identification markers for PSD for more precise screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 112 patients with ischemic stroke admitted between January 2022 and December 2024.Based on assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA)and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)at 2 weeks(±3 days)post-stroke,patients were classified into the PSD group(HAMA≥7 and/or HAMD≥7)and the non-PSD group(HAMA<7 and HAMD<7).Observation indicators included psychological assessment,demographic and clinical characteristics,stroke-related clinical indicators,neuroimaging assessments,and laboratory biomarkers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PSD,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.RESULTS Of the 112 patients,46(41.1%)were diagnosed with PSD.Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Female gender[Odds ratio(OR)=2.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.56-3.45],history of mental disorders prior to stroke(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.89-5.32),infarct location in the frontal lobe or limbic system(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.73-4.71),stroke severity with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥8 at admission(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.62-3.99),and low social support(Social Support Rating Scale<35,OR=2.18,95%CI:1.42-3.36).Subgroup analysis showed that depression patients more commonly had left hemisphere lesions(68.4%vs 45.2%),while anxiety patients more frequently presented with right hemisphere lesions(59.5%vs 39.5%).The PSD group exhibited larger infarct volumes(8.7 cm^(3) vs 5.3 cm^(3)),more severe white matter hyperintensities,and more pronounced frontal lobe atrophy.Analysis of inflammatory markers showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6(7.8 pg/mL vs 4.5 pg/mL)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.6 pg/mL vs 9.8 pg/mL)in the PSD group,while hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis function assessment revealed higher cortisol levels(386.5±92.3 nmol/L vs 328.7±75.6 nmol/L)and flattened diurnal rhythm in the PSD group.CONCLUSION PSD is a complex neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke involving disruption of the frontal-limbic circuitry,neuroinflammatory responses,and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.展开更多
Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability...Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite imp...BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite improved renal function.It is potentially associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,renal osteodystrophy,pathologic fractures,graft loss,and mortality.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of PT-tHPT amongst kidney transplant recipients.METHODS A total of 887 transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020 were evaluated.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Graft and recipient outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.A separate multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the effect of treatment strategies on outcomes.RESULTS PT-tHPT,defined as elevated PTH(>65 ng/L)and persistent hypercalcemia(>2.60 mmol/L),was diagnosed in 14%of recipients.Risk factors for PT-tHPT included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,P<0.001],Asian ethnicity(OR=0.33,P=0.006),total ischemia time(OR=1.03,P=0.048 per hour),pre-transplant serum calcium(OR=1.38,P<0.001)per decile increase,pre-transplant PTH level(OR=1.31,P<0.001)per decile increase,longer dialysis duration(OR=1.12,P=0.002)per year,history of acute rejection(OR=2.37,P=0.012),and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change(OR=0.91,P=0.001).There were a 3.4-fold higher risk of death-censored graft loss and a 1.9-fold greater risk of recipient death with PT-tHPT.The three treatment strategies of conservative management,calcimimetic and parathyroidectomy did not significantly change the graft or patient outcome.CONCLUSION Pretransplant elevated calcium and PTH levels,older age and dialysis duration are associated with PT-tHPT.While PT-tHPT significantly affects graft and recipient survival,the treatment strategies did not affect survival.展开更多
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like be...Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Acute pain is a sudden experience secondary to injuries and varies in perception among individuals.In trauma patients,it can negatively aff ect respiratory function,immune response,and wound healing,making ...BACKGROUND:Acute pain is a sudden experience secondary to injuries and varies in perception among individuals.In trauma patients,it can negatively aff ect respiratory function,immune response,and wound healing,making it a signifi cant public health concern.This study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with acute pain among emergency trauma patients.METHODS:A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted.Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient chart review.The data were analyzed via the statistical package for social science version 25.Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.Variables with a P-value<0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS:A total of 397 patients were included in the study,for a response rate of 96.8%.The prevalence of pain during admission was 91.9%(95%confi dence intervals[95%CIs]:88.8%-94.4%).Blunt trauma(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.82;95%CI:1.23-6.45),analgesia before admission to the emergency department(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),documentation of pain severity in the chart(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),analgesia provided within two hours after admission(aOR=7.60;95%CI:2.79-20.68),use of non-pharmacological pain management methods(aOR=3.09;95%CI:1.35-7.08)and availability of analgesia(aOR=3.95;95%CI:1.36-11.43)were associated with acute pain experience.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of acute pain among emergency trauma patients was high in the study area.Analgesia should be administered prior to admission,and non-pharmacological pain management should be implemented.Moreover,training on pain assessment and management should be provided for healthcare providers in the emergency department.展开更多
Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial ...Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.展开更多
The pathophysiology of many ailments,including neurological,gastrointestinal,and metabolic disorders,is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis.Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong c...The pathophysiology of many ailments,including neurological,gastrointestinal,and metabolic disorders,is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis.Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong correlation between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer(CRC)development.The active reprogramming of metabolic pathways to boost glycolysis,fatty acid production,lipogenesis,and glutaminolysis constitutes a major metabolic shift in cancer development,including CRC.The complex combination of different factors leads to CRC,making it an environmental disease.These factors include food and lifestyle choices,genetics and family history,age,underlying intestinal diseases,and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.One of the primary risk factors for carcinoma development is diet,which impacts an individual’s gut microbiome.In addition to impacting CRC formation,the gut microbiome also has immunomodulatory effects,including various immunological interactions and the underlying mechanisms governing them.Microbial interactions in CRC have been extensively studied,yet numerous unresolved queries exist on how gut bacteria can influence treatment.Microbiome-driven immunotherapies,focusing on probiotics,prebiotics,and synbiotics,represent a promising therapeutic avenue.However,large-scale treatment utilization in CRC patients is limited by several issues,including variations in the microbial makeup of each patient’s gut and a lack of established methods.The study highlights the impact of several risk factors,including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and different approaches to halting and treating CRC progression with a focus on diet changes and modulation of the gut flora.Given the foregoing,we propose that if research gaps are addressed and immunotherapy is paired with microbial interventions,microbiota-based therapeutics could potentially impede the growth of tumors and treat CRC.展开更多
Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility ar...Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.展开更多
Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the reg...Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.展开更多
Major chemical ionic components in water serve as indicators of natural factors in the areas traversed by water bodies,and are thus widely used to elucidate key hydrogeochemical processes,including rock weathering,aqu...Major chemical ionic components in water serve as indicators of natural factors in the areas traversed by water bodies,and are thus widely used to elucidate key hydrogeochemical processes,including rock weathering,aquatic evaporation-crystallization,and the input of precipitation-derived materials into river basins.A total of 208 water samples were collected between August 2021 and August 2022 to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and their influencing factors of the surface water and the groundwater in the Mingyong River Basin.To systematically analyze the data,we combined hydrogeochemical and statistical methods:descriptive statistics characterized ion concentration and physicochemical parameter distributions;Piper trilinear diagrams classified hydrochemical types;Pearson correlation analysis assessed ion-ion and ionTDS dependencies;Gibbs diagrams and ion ratio analysis identified solute sources;and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)model quantified the contribution rates of different influencing factors.The results revealed that the dominant cations in the surface water and groundwater are Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+),while the dominant anions are HCO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-).The groundwater exhibits an extended residence time within rock strata,facilitating prolonged interaction with soluble minerals and intensifying the water-rock reaction process,thereby resulting in higher levels of electrical conductivity(EC),pH,and total dissolved solids(TDS)than those in the surface water.Secondly,the parameters of the surface water and groundwater indicate positive correlation.The weathering of rocks constitutes the primary solute source in the water of the basin.The hydrochemical composition of the basin water is primarily influenced by both carbonate and silicate rocks,with a minor contribution from evaporite rocks.The water bodies in the basin are affected by anthropogenic activities.The surface water is influenced by four sources,namely lixiviation-enrich,human activities,geological environmental,and unknown sources.The groundwater is influenced by five sources,namely lixiviation-enrich,primary geological,human activities,geological environmental,and unknown sources.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore the lagged and cumulative effects of risk factors on disability in older adults using distributed lag non-linear models(DLNMs).Methods We utilized data from the China Health and ...Objectives This study aimed to explore the lagged and cumulative effects of risk factors on disability in older adults using distributed lag non-linear models(DLNMs).Methods We utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).After feature selection via Elastic Net Regularization,we applied DLNMs to evaluate the lagged effects of risk factors.Disability was defined as the presence of any difficulties in basic activities of daily living(BADL).The cumulative relative risk(CRR)was calculated by summing the lag-specific risk estimates,representing the cumulative disability risk over the specified lag period.Effect modifications and sensitivity analyses were also performed.Results This study included a total of 2,318 participants.Early-phase lag factors,such as the difficulty in stooping(CRR=3.58;95%CI:2.31-5.55;P<0.001)and walking(CRR=2.77;95%CI:1.39-5.55;P<0.001),exerted the strongest effects immediately upon occurrence.Mid-phase lag factors,such as arthritis(CRR=1.51;95%CI:1.10-2.06;P=0.001),showed a resurgence in disability risk within 2-3 years.Late-phase lag factors,including depressive symptoms(CRR=2.38;95%CI:1.30-4.35;P<0.001)and elevated systolic blood pressure(CRR=1.64;95%CI:1.06-2.79;P=0.02),exhibited significant long-term cumulative risks.Conversely,grip strength(CRR=0.80;95%CI:0.54-0.95;P=0.02)and social participation(CRR=0.89;95%CI:0.73-0.99;P=0.04)were significant protective factors.Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions that account for various lag characteristics of different factors to effectively mitigate disability risk.Future studies should explore the underlying biological and sociological mechanisms of these lagged effects,identify intervention strategies that target risk factors with different lagged patterns,and evaluate their effectiveness.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the related factors of motility after total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to include 213 patients receiving THA in our hospital from June 2020 to June ...Objective:To investigate the related factors of motility after total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to include 213 patients receiving THA in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2023.They were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of kinesiophobia after THA.The demographic data of the 2 groups were analyzed by single-factor analysis.The factors with statistically significant differences were analyzed by binary logistic regression as independent variables.Finally,Spearman analysis was used to analyze the relationship between risk factors and the degree of kinesiophobia.Results:Among 213 THA patients,38 patients were diagnosed with kinetophobia,and the incidence of kinetophobia was 17.84%.visual analogue scale(VAS)and pain duration before operation were higher in patients with kinetophobia than in patients without kinetophobia.The scores of education level,self-efficacy,and social support were significantly lower than those of the non-phobia group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that VAS was a risk factor for kinetophobia after THA.Education level and self-efficacy were protective factors to reduce the occurrence of kinetophobia after THA(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of pain(r=0.697,P<0.001)was positively correlated with the degree of kinetophobia,while the degree of education(r=-0.647,P<0.001)and self-efficacy(r=-0.756,P<0.001)were negatively correlated with the degree of kinetophobia.Conclusions:The degree of pain is a risk factor of kinesiophobia after THA,and it is positively correlated with the degree.Educational level and self-efficacy were protective factors to reduce the incidence of kinesiophobia and were negatively correlated with the degree of kinesiophobia.展开更多
Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective fact...Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective factors on frailty transition by constructing a Protection Index(PI)to guide targeted interventions.Methods Data were extracted from the 4th Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China,including baseline(2017)and follow-up(2019)surveys.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI),whereas the PI measured protective factors.Frailty transitions over 2 years were analyzed prospectively.Pearson’s correlation examined the relationship between FI and PI,and logistic regression assessed the effects of PI on frailty transitions.Results This study included 9,093 older adults.FI values increased with age and were higher in women,whereas PI values decreased with age and were higher in men.Over 2 years,56.2%of the participants showed a stable frailty status,14.2%improved,and 29.6%worsened.Negative transitions were more common than positive transitions,with transitions occurring most frequently between adjacent states.The PI was moderately negatively correlated with the FI(r=−0.349,P<0.001).A higher PI was associated with a lower risk of negative transitions among robust and prefrail individuals(OR=0.989,0.981,both P<0.05),but showed no significant effect among those with existing frailty.Conclusion Negative frailty transitions were more common with advancing age.Enhancing PI may help prevent negative frailty transitions among robust and pre-frail older adults,underscoring the value of early interventions.展开更多
Urban rainwater runoff is an important source of nonpoint source pollution due to its transport of diverse contaminants,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and chlorinated derivatives.Importantly,these chl...Urban rainwater runoff is an important source of nonpoint source pollution due to its transport of diverse contaminants,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and chlorinated derivatives.Importantly,these chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Cl-PAHs)exhibit elevated toxicological potential compared to their non-halogenated parent compounds.In this study,we proposed an approach that combined multivariate receptor model with integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations and Random Forest model.This method identifies the possible sources and reveals the impact of source apportionment results and environmental driving factors(such as geographical and meteorological data)on pollutant concentrations.Sixteen PAHs and nine ClPAHs were detected in 79 runoff samples from all three sites.TheΣ_(16)PAHs average concentration(2923.93 to 6071.83 ng/L)was significantly higher than theΣ_(9)Cl-PAHs(384.34 to 1314.73 ng/L).The source apportionment was conducted by positive matrix factorization(PMF),and six potential pollution sources for PAHs and three for Cl-PAHs were quantified.PAHs primarily originate from the combustion of fossil fuels such as traffic,industrial emissions and coal tar,while Cl-PAHs are mainly derived from atmospheric deposition and industrial emissions.Meanwhile,the self‑organizing map classified PAHs and Cl-PAHs into 2 and 3 groups,respectively.The k-means algorithm yielded 4 clusters for runoff samples.Among machine learning models,Random Forest(RF)demonstrated optimal predictive performance and integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(RF-SHAP)revealed the effects of driving factors on the predicted concentration of PAHs and Cl-PAHs in urban runoff samples.展开更多
This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides...This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the effects of biological factors,environmental conditions,agronomic practices,processing methods,and continuous cropping obstacles on the synthesis of P.heterophylla saponins,as well as their underlying mechanisms.Based on identified gaps in the current literature,future research directions and prospects are proposed.The findings of this review offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of the saponin biosynthesis mechanisms in P.heterophylla and for enhancing its quality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023ZL156(to YH)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022020304(to XG)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2023J019(to YH)Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province,No.2022E10026(to YH)。
文摘Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201834 and 32201814)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.324RC530)+1 种基金the Hainan Provincial‘Nanhai NewStar’Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project,China(Grant No.NHXXRCXM-202362)the Research Startup Funding from Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University,China(Grant No.0201-6602-A12202).
文摘The significant variation in plant regeneration efficiency between indica and japonica rice poses a major challenge for crop improvement.However,the molecular basis for this divergence remains largely unclear.In this study,we investigated the role of Oryza sativa AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 13(OsARF13),a transcription factor involved in callus-related processes.We observed that OsARF13 expression is significantly higher in japonica rice callus than in indica rice callus.This differential expression might be associated with an allelic variation in the promoter region of OsARF13,where a deletion commonly found in indica rice corresponds to the loss of a conserved auxin-responsive element(AuxRE)motif.To functionally characterize OsARF13,we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutants.These mutants exhibited a substantial reduction in callus fresh weight,demonstrating that OsARF13 is required for efficient callus induction.Transcriptome analysis of the osarf13 mutant further showed that OsARF13 influences the expression of genes involved in hormone signal transduction and stress responses.Our findings suggest that OsARF13 is a key component of the regulatory network governing callus induction and that natural variation in its promoter might provide a potential explanation for the differential regenerative capacity between japonica and indica rice subspecies.
基金supported by the 2025 Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation Project(FJ2025C074).
文摘This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;28 met inclusion criteria(excluding non-adolescents,generic internet addiction,non-empirical work,or non-English).Thematic synthesis organized findings into three external risk domains—family,school,and peers—considering cultural/contextual mechanisms.Family dynamics(parental phubbing,harsh parenting,dysfunction),school stressors,and adverse peer relationships were identified as accumulating,direct and indirect contributors to smartphone addiction.These operate within a techno-ecological framework,where digital technologies amplify vulnerabilities and create new pathways for maladaptive use.Evidence favors an ecological,multi-level perspective.Future research should use longitudinal designs,standardize measures across cultures,and examine understudied regions—especially Africa—to guide culturally sensitive interventions.
文摘BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and depression(PSD)do not receive sufficient attention.AIM To systematically evaluate risk factors and early identification markers for PSD for more precise screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 112 patients with ischemic stroke admitted between January 2022 and December 2024.Based on assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA)and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)at 2 weeks(±3 days)post-stroke,patients were classified into the PSD group(HAMA≥7 and/or HAMD≥7)and the non-PSD group(HAMA<7 and HAMD<7).Observation indicators included psychological assessment,demographic and clinical characteristics,stroke-related clinical indicators,neuroimaging assessments,and laboratory biomarkers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PSD,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.RESULTS Of the 112 patients,46(41.1%)were diagnosed with PSD.Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Female gender[Odds ratio(OR)=2.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.56-3.45],history of mental disorders prior to stroke(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.89-5.32),infarct location in the frontal lobe or limbic system(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.73-4.71),stroke severity with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥8 at admission(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.62-3.99),and low social support(Social Support Rating Scale<35,OR=2.18,95%CI:1.42-3.36).Subgroup analysis showed that depression patients more commonly had left hemisphere lesions(68.4%vs 45.2%),while anxiety patients more frequently presented with right hemisphere lesions(59.5%vs 39.5%).The PSD group exhibited larger infarct volumes(8.7 cm^(3) vs 5.3 cm^(3)),more severe white matter hyperintensities,and more pronounced frontal lobe atrophy.Analysis of inflammatory markers showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6(7.8 pg/mL vs 4.5 pg/mL)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.6 pg/mL vs 9.8 pg/mL)in the PSD group,while hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis function assessment revealed higher cortisol levels(386.5±92.3 nmol/L vs 328.7±75.6 nmol/L)and flattened diurnal rhythm in the PSD group.CONCLUSION PSD is a complex neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke involving disruption of the frontal-limbic circuitry,neuroinflammatory responses,and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
文摘Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite improved renal function.It is potentially associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,renal osteodystrophy,pathologic fractures,graft loss,and mortality.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of PT-tHPT amongst kidney transplant recipients.METHODS A total of 887 transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020 were evaluated.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Graft and recipient outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.A separate multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the effect of treatment strategies on outcomes.RESULTS PT-tHPT,defined as elevated PTH(>65 ng/L)and persistent hypercalcemia(>2.60 mmol/L),was diagnosed in 14%of recipients.Risk factors for PT-tHPT included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,P<0.001],Asian ethnicity(OR=0.33,P=0.006),total ischemia time(OR=1.03,P=0.048 per hour),pre-transplant serum calcium(OR=1.38,P<0.001)per decile increase,pre-transplant PTH level(OR=1.31,P<0.001)per decile increase,longer dialysis duration(OR=1.12,P=0.002)per year,history of acute rejection(OR=2.37,P=0.012),and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change(OR=0.91,P=0.001).There were a 3.4-fold higher risk of death-censored graft loss and a 1.9-fold greater risk of recipient death with PT-tHPT.The three treatment strategies of conservative management,calcimimetic and parathyroidectomy did not significantly change the graft or patient outcome.CONCLUSION Pretransplant elevated calcium and PTH levels,older age and dialysis duration are associated with PT-tHPT.While PT-tHPT significantly affects graft and recipient survival,the treatment strategies did not affect survival.
基金National Basic Research Plan Project of China,No.2023YFC3708303the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82241084the High-level Talent in Public Health of Beijing,No.Discipline Leaders-03-29(all to XL).
文摘Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.
文摘BACKGROUND:Acute pain is a sudden experience secondary to injuries and varies in perception among individuals.In trauma patients,it can negatively aff ect respiratory function,immune response,and wound healing,making it a signifi cant public health concern.This study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with acute pain among emergency trauma patients.METHODS:A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted.Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient chart review.The data were analyzed via the statistical package for social science version 25.Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.Variables with a P-value<0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS:A total of 397 patients were included in the study,for a response rate of 96.8%.The prevalence of pain during admission was 91.9%(95%confi dence intervals[95%CIs]:88.8%-94.4%).Blunt trauma(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.82;95%CI:1.23-6.45),analgesia before admission to the emergency department(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),documentation of pain severity in the chart(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),analgesia provided within two hours after admission(aOR=7.60;95%CI:2.79-20.68),use of non-pharmacological pain management methods(aOR=3.09;95%CI:1.35-7.08)and availability of analgesia(aOR=3.95;95%CI:1.36-11.43)were associated with acute pain experience.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of acute pain among emergency trauma patients was high in the study area.Analgesia should be administered prior to admission,and non-pharmacological pain management should be implemented.Moreover,training on pain assessment and management should be provided for healthcare providers in the emergency department.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138004)National Treasure Ecological Research Synergetic Innovation Center.
文摘Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.
文摘The pathophysiology of many ailments,including neurological,gastrointestinal,and metabolic disorders,is well known to be influenced by intestinal dysbiosis.Clinical research has provided evidence suggesting a strong correlation between dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer(CRC)development.The active reprogramming of metabolic pathways to boost glycolysis,fatty acid production,lipogenesis,and glutaminolysis constitutes a major metabolic shift in cancer development,including CRC.The complex combination of different factors leads to CRC,making it an environmental disease.These factors include food and lifestyle choices,genetics and family history,age,underlying intestinal diseases,and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.One of the primary risk factors for carcinoma development is diet,which impacts an individual’s gut microbiome.In addition to impacting CRC formation,the gut microbiome also has immunomodulatory effects,including various immunological interactions and the underlying mechanisms governing them.Microbial interactions in CRC have been extensively studied,yet numerous unresolved queries exist on how gut bacteria can influence treatment.Microbiome-driven immunotherapies,focusing on probiotics,prebiotics,and synbiotics,represent a promising therapeutic avenue.However,large-scale treatment utilization in CRC patients is limited by several issues,including variations in the microbial makeup of each patient’s gut and a lack of established methods.The study highlights the impact of several risk factors,including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and different approaches to halting and treating CRC progression with a focus on diet changes and modulation of the gut flora.Given the foregoing,we propose that if research gaps are addressed and immunotherapy is paired with microbial interventions,microbiota-based therapeutics could potentially impede the growth of tumors and treat CRC.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206601。
文摘Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(Grant No.CARS-09)the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Project(Grant No.YDZX2023029)the Gansu Planning Projects on Science and Technology(Grant No.23CXNJ0013).
文摘Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42061012)the Open Project of Yunnan Province’s First Class Discipline of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control(SBK20240019)。
文摘Major chemical ionic components in water serve as indicators of natural factors in the areas traversed by water bodies,and are thus widely used to elucidate key hydrogeochemical processes,including rock weathering,aquatic evaporation-crystallization,and the input of precipitation-derived materials into river basins.A total of 208 water samples were collected between August 2021 and August 2022 to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and their influencing factors of the surface water and the groundwater in the Mingyong River Basin.To systematically analyze the data,we combined hydrogeochemical and statistical methods:descriptive statistics characterized ion concentration and physicochemical parameter distributions;Piper trilinear diagrams classified hydrochemical types;Pearson correlation analysis assessed ion-ion and ionTDS dependencies;Gibbs diagrams and ion ratio analysis identified solute sources;and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)model quantified the contribution rates of different influencing factors.The results revealed that the dominant cations in the surface water and groundwater are Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+),while the dominant anions are HCO_(3)^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-).The groundwater exhibits an extended residence time within rock strata,facilitating prolonged interaction with soluble minerals and intensifying the water-rock reaction process,thereby resulting in higher levels of electrical conductivity(EC),pH,and total dissolved solids(TDS)than those in the surface water.Secondly,the parameters of the surface water and groundwater indicate positive correlation.The weathering of rocks constitutes the primary solute source in the water of the basin.The hydrochemical composition of the basin water is primarily influenced by both carbonate and silicate rocks,with a minor contribution from evaporite rocks.The water bodies in the basin are affected by anthropogenic activities.The surface water is influenced by four sources,namely lixiviation-enrich,human activities,geological environmental,and unknown sources.The groundwater is influenced by five sources,namely lixiviation-enrich,primary geological,human activities,geological environmental,and unknown sources.
基金supported by ScientificResearch Fund of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China-Major Science and Technology Program for Medicine and Health in Zhejiang Province(WKJ-ZJ-2406).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore the lagged and cumulative effects of risk factors on disability in older adults using distributed lag non-linear models(DLNMs).Methods We utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).After feature selection via Elastic Net Regularization,we applied DLNMs to evaluate the lagged effects of risk factors.Disability was defined as the presence of any difficulties in basic activities of daily living(BADL).The cumulative relative risk(CRR)was calculated by summing the lag-specific risk estimates,representing the cumulative disability risk over the specified lag period.Effect modifications and sensitivity analyses were also performed.Results This study included a total of 2,318 participants.Early-phase lag factors,such as the difficulty in stooping(CRR=3.58;95%CI:2.31-5.55;P<0.001)and walking(CRR=2.77;95%CI:1.39-5.55;P<0.001),exerted the strongest effects immediately upon occurrence.Mid-phase lag factors,such as arthritis(CRR=1.51;95%CI:1.10-2.06;P=0.001),showed a resurgence in disability risk within 2-3 years.Late-phase lag factors,including depressive symptoms(CRR=2.38;95%CI:1.30-4.35;P<0.001)and elevated systolic blood pressure(CRR=1.64;95%CI:1.06-2.79;P=0.02),exhibited significant long-term cumulative risks.Conversely,grip strength(CRR=0.80;95%CI:0.54-0.95;P=0.02)and social participation(CRR=0.89;95%CI:0.73-0.99;P=0.04)were significant protective factors.Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions that account for various lag characteristics of different factors to effectively mitigate disability risk.Future studies should explore the underlying biological and sociological mechanisms of these lagged effects,identify intervention strategies that target risk factors with different lagged patterns,and evaluate their effectiveness.
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Program,grant funded by the Henan Provincial Health Commission(No.LHGJ 20200888)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the related factors of motility after total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to include 213 patients receiving THA in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2023.They were divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of kinesiophobia after THA.The demographic data of the 2 groups were analyzed by single-factor analysis.The factors with statistically significant differences were analyzed by binary logistic regression as independent variables.Finally,Spearman analysis was used to analyze the relationship between risk factors and the degree of kinesiophobia.Results:Among 213 THA patients,38 patients were diagnosed with kinetophobia,and the incidence of kinetophobia was 17.84%.visual analogue scale(VAS)and pain duration before operation were higher in patients with kinetophobia than in patients without kinetophobia.The scores of education level,self-efficacy,and social support were significantly lower than those of the non-phobia group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that VAS was a risk factor for kinetophobia after THA.Education level and self-efficacy were protective factors to reduce the occurrence of kinetophobia after THA(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of pain(r=0.697,P<0.001)was positively correlated with the degree of kinetophobia,while the degree of education(r=-0.647,P<0.001)and self-efficacy(r=-0.756,P<0.001)were negatively correlated with the degree of kinetophobia.Conclusions:The degree of pain is a risk factor of kinesiophobia after THA,and it is positively correlated with the degree.Educational level and self-efficacy were protective factors to reduce the incidence of kinesiophobia and were negatively correlated with the degree of kinesiophobia.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Nos.2020YFC2003000 and 2020YFC2003001]the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2023-074 and BJ-2023-018)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission“AI+Health Collaborative Innovation Cultivation”Project(Z221100003522015)the Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021-JKCS-024).
文摘Objective Frailty is becoming increasingly common among aging adults.Frailty transitionis shaped by biological,social,psychological,and environmental factors.This study investigated combined effects of protective factors on frailty transition by constructing a Protection Index(PI)to guide targeted interventions.Methods Data were extracted from the 4th Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China,including baseline(2017)and follow-up(2019)surveys.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index(FI),whereas the PI measured protective factors.Frailty transitions over 2 years were analyzed prospectively.Pearson’s correlation examined the relationship between FI and PI,and logistic regression assessed the effects of PI on frailty transitions.Results This study included 9,093 older adults.FI values increased with age and were higher in women,whereas PI values decreased with age and were higher in men.Over 2 years,56.2%of the participants showed a stable frailty status,14.2%improved,and 29.6%worsened.Negative transitions were more common than positive transitions,with transitions occurring most frequently between adjacent states.The PI was moderately negatively correlated with the FI(r=−0.349,P<0.001).A higher PI was associated with a lower risk of negative transitions among robust and prefrail individuals(OR=0.989,0.981,both P<0.05),but showed no significant effect among those with existing frailty.Conclusion Negative frailty transitions were more common with advancing age.Enhancing PI may help prevent negative frailty transitions among robust and pre-frail older adults,underscoring the value of early interventions.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021B1515120055 and 2022A1515010499).
文摘Urban rainwater runoff is an important source of nonpoint source pollution due to its transport of diverse contaminants,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and chlorinated derivatives.Importantly,these chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Cl-PAHs)exhibit elevated toxicological potential compared to their non-halogenated parent compounds.In this study,we proposed an approach that combined multivariate receptor model with integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations and Random Forest model.This method identifies the possible sources and reveals the impact of source apportionment results and environmental driving factors(such as geographical and meteorological data)on pollutant concentrations.Sixteen PAHs and nine ClPAHs were detected in 79 runoff samples from all three sites.TheΣ_(16)PAHs average concentration(2923.93 to 6071.83 ng/L)was significantly higher than theΣ_(9)Cl-PAHs(384.34 to 1314.73 ng/L).The source apportionment was conducted by positive matrix factorization(PMF),and six potential pollution sources for PAHs and three for Cl-PAHs were quantified.PAHs primarily originate from the combustion of fossil fuels such as traffic,industrial emissions and coal tar,while Cl-PAHs are mainly derived from atmospheric deposition and industrial emissions.Meanwhile,the self‑organizing map classified PAHs and Cl-PAHs into 2 and 3 groups,respectively.The k-means algorithm yielded 4 clusters for runoff samples.Among machine learning models,Random Forest(RF)demonstrated optimal predictive performance and integrated with SHapley Additive exPlanations(RF-SHAP)revealed the effects of driving factors on the predicted concentration of PAHs and Cl-PAHs in urban runoff samples.
基金Supported by Open Fund Project of the Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Medicinal Plants of Fujian(PP202003).
文摘This paper provides a systematic review of the histochemical localization,content characteristics,and influencing factors of saponins in Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on an extensive literature survey.It provides an in-depth analysis and summary of the effects of biological factors,environmental conditions,agronomic practices,processing methods,and continuous cropping obstacles on the synthesis of P.heterophylla saponins,as well as their underlying mechanisms.Based on identified gaps in the current literature,future research directions and prospects are proposed.The findings of this review offer valuable insights for advancing the understanding of the saponin biosynthesis mechanisms in P.heterophylla and for enhancing its quality.
