Small-molecule drugs are essential for maintaining human health. The objective of this study is to identify a molecule that can inhibit the Factor Xa protein and be easily procured. An optimization-based de novo drug ...Small-molecule drugs are essential for maintaining human health. The objective of this study is to identify a molecule that can inhibit the Factor Xa protein and be easily procured. An optimization-based de novo drug design framework, Drug CAMD, that integrates a deep learning model with a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is used for designing drug candidates. Within this framework, a virtual chemical library is specifically tailored to inhibit Factor Xa. To further filter and narrow down the lead compounds from the designed compounds, comprehensive approaches involving molecular docking,binding pose metadynamics(BPMD), binding free energy calculations, and enzyme activity inhibition analysis are utilized. To maximize efficiency in terms of time and resources, molecules for in vitro activity testing are initially selected from commercially available portions of customized virtual chemical libraries. In vitro studies assessing inhibitor activities have confirmed that the compound EN300-331859shows potential Factor Xa inhibition, with an IC_(50)value of 34.57 μmol·L^(-1). Through in silico molecular docking and BPMD, the most plausible binding pose for the EN300-331859-Factor Xa complex are identified. The estimated binding free energy values correlate well with the results obtained from biological assays. Consequently, EN300-331859 is identified as a novel and effective sub-micromolar inhibitor of Factor Xa.展开更多
Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin and phen-procoumon, are the first-line oral anticoagulants for primary and secondary prevention of cerebral embo-lism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although vitamin K an...Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin and phen-procoumon, are the first-line oral anticoagulants for primary and secondary prevention of cerebral embo-lism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although vitamin K antagonists can significantly decrease the risk of stroke, their use is limited by several important drawbacks, such as a narrow therapeutic window, the risk of intracranial and gastrointestinal bleeding, interactions with a number of drugs and nutrients, and the need for regular laboratory tests for therapy adjustment. Currently, new oral anticoagulants, such as direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran) and direct factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., apixaban, rivaroxaban), are being developed and tested in clinical trials. Dabigatran and rivaroxaban were recently approved for prevention of cerebral embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The ad-vantages of dabigatran in comparison to warfarin are a lower rate of major bleedings with dabigatran 110mg bid, a better efficacy with dabigatran 150mg bid, no clinically relevant interactions with other drugs and no need for routine coagulation monitoring. The disadvantages are the absence of antidote and the absence of routine laboratory tests for precise mea-surements of anticoagulant effect of direct thrombin/ factor Xa inhibitors. This review will focus on throm-bin and factor Xa inhibitors, which are new and promising oral anticoagulants for the prevention of cerebral embolism. We will discuss their pharmacol-ogical and clinical properties and provide the most recent updates on their clinical trials.展开更多
PCR method was used to introduce the code sequence of Factor Xa cleavage site to the 5′ end of cecropin CMIV mutant gene X,then the gene was cloned into the expression vector pGEX KG,and was highly expressed in E.col...PCR method was used to introduce the code sequence of Factor Xa cleavage site to the 5′ end of cecropin CMIV mutant gene X,then the gene was cloned into the expression vector pGEX KG,and was highly expressed in E.coli BL21 by IPTG induction.The fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography and was cleaved by Factor Xa.Cecropin X with antibacterial activity was obtained after purified by ion exchange chromatography.展开更多
基金financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078041, 22278053,22208042)Dalian High-level Talents Innovation Support Program (2023RQ059)“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT20JC41, DUT22YG218)”。
文摘Small-molecule drugs are essential for maintaining human health. The objective of this study is to identify a molecule that can inhibit the Factor Xa protein and be easily procured. An optimization-based de novo drug design framework, Drug CAMD, that integrates a deep learning model with a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is used for designing drug candidates. Within this framework, a virtual chemical library is specifically tailored to inhibit Factor Xa. To further filter and narrow down the lead compounds from the designed compounds, comprehensive approaches involving molecular docking,binding pose metadynamics(BPMD), binding free energy calculations, and enzyme activity inhibition analysis are utilized. To maximize efficiency in terms of time and resources, molecules for in vitro activity testing are initially selected from commercially available portions of customized virtual chemical libraries. In vitro studies assessing inhibitor activities have confirmed that the compound EN300-331859shows potential Factor Xa inhibition, with an IC_(50)value of 34.57 μmol·L^(-1). Through in silico molecular docking and BPMD, the most plausible binding pose for the EN300-331859-Factor Xa complex are identified. The estimated binding free energy values correlate well with the results obtained from biological assays. Consequently, EN300-331859 is identified as a novel and effective sub-micromolar inhibitor of Factor Xa.
文摘Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin and phen-procoumon, are the first-line oral anticoagulants for primary and secondary prevention of cerebral embo-lism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although vitamin K antagonists can significantly decrease the risk of stroke, their use is limited by several important drawbacks, such as a narrow therapeutic window, the risk of intracranial and gastrointestinal bleeding, interactions with a number of drugs and nutrients, and the need for regular laboratory tests for therapy adjustment. Currently, new oral anticoagulants, such as direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran) and direct factor Xa inhibitors (e.g., apixaban, rivaroxaban), are being developed and tested in clinical trials. Dabigatran and rivaroxaban were recently approved for prevention of cerebral embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. The ad-vantages of dabigatran in comparison to warfarin are a lower rate of major bleedings with dabigatran 110mg bid, a better efficacy with dabigatran 150mg bid, no clinically relevant interactions with other drugs and no need for routine coagulation monitoring. The disadvantages are the absence of antidote and the absence of routine laboratory tests for precise mea-surements of anticoagulant effect of direct thrombin/ factor Xa inhibitors. This review will focus on throm-bin and factor Xa inhibitors, which are new and promising oral anticoagulants for the prevention of cerebral embolism. We will discuss their pharmacol-ogical and clinical properties and provide the most recent updates on their clinical trials.
文摘PCR method was used to introduce the code sequence of Factor Xa cleavage site to the 5′ end of cecropin CMIV mutant gene X,then the gene was cloned into the expression vector pGEX KG,and was highly expressed in E.coli BL21 by IPTG induction.The fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography and was cleaved by Factor Xa.Cecropin X with antibacterial activity was obtained after purified by ion exchange chromatography.
