Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of he...Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of heat stress on biosynthesis and accumulation of theanine.We found that heat stress induced metabolic changes,characterized by decreased theanine content and increased catechin levels.In addition,heat stress up-regulated the expression of the class B heat shock transcription factor gene CsHSFB2c,while significantly suppressing the transcription of key theanine biosynthetic genes CsTS1 and CsGS1.Functional studies showed that silencing CsHSFB2c increased theanine content,while its overexpression significantly decreased theanine levels.Consistent with these changes,silencing CsHSFB2c upregulated the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1,while overexpression of CsHSFB2c downregulated their expression.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter gene(Dual-LUC)assays showed that CsHSFB2c directly binds to the promoters of CsTS1 and CsGS1 and inhibits their expression.These results demonstrate that CsHSFB2c mediates heat-induced suppression of theanine biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the heat resistance and quality of tea plants via molecular breeding.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is cha...Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.展开更多
Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“miR-202 Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HSF2”has been retracted from Oncology Rese...Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“miR-202 Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HSF2”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.2,2017,pp.215-223.DOI:10.3727/096504016X14732772150541 URL:https://www.techscience.com/or/v25n2/56800.展开更多
This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;...This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;28 met inclusion criteria(excluding non-adolescents,generic internet addiction,non-empirical work,or non-English).Thematic synthesis organized findings into three external risk domains—family,school,and peers—considering cultural/contextual mechanisms.Family dynamics(parental phubbing,harsh parenting,dysfunction),school stressors,and adverse peer relationships were identified as accumulating,direct and indirect contributors to smartphone addiction.These operate within a techno-ecological framework,where digital technologies amplify vulnerabilities and create new pathways for maladaptive use.Evidence favors an ecological,multi-level perspective.Future research should use longitudinal designs,standardize measures across cultures,and examine understudied regions—especially Africa—to guide culturally sensitive interventions.展开更多
The significant variation in plant regeneration efficiency between indica and japonica rice poses a major challenge for crop improvement.However,the molecular basis for this divergence remains largely unclear.In this ...The significant variation in plant regeneration efficiency between indica and japonica rice poses a major challenge for crop improvement.However,the molecular basis for this divergence remains largely unclear.In this study,we investigated the role of Oryza sativa AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 13(OsARF13),a transcription factor involved in callus-related processes.We observed that OsARF13 expression is significantly higher in japonica rice callus than in indica rice callus.This differential expression might be associated with an allelic variation in the promoter region of OsARF13,where a deletion commonly found in indica rice corresponds to the loss of a conserved auxin-responsive element(AuxRE)motif.To functionally characterize OsARF13,we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutants.These mutants exhibited a substantial reduction in callus fresh weight,demonstrating that OsARF13 is required for efficient callus induction.Transcriptome analysis of the osarf13 mutant further showed that OsARF13 influences the expression of genes involved in hormone signal transduction and stress responses.Our findings suggest that OsARF13 is a key component of the regulatory network governing callus induction and that natural variation in its promoter might provide a potential explanation for the differential regenerative capacity between japonica and indica rice subspecies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and dep...BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and depression(PSD)do not receive sufficient attention.AIM To systematically evaluate risk factors and early identification markers for PSD for more precise screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 112 patients with ischemic stroke admitted between January 2022 and December 2024.Based on assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA)and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)at 2 weeks(±3 days)post-stroke,patients were classified into the PSD group(HAMA≥7 and/or HAMD≥7)and the non-PSD group(HAMA<7 and HAMD<7).Observation indicators included psychological assessment,demographic and clinical characteristics,stroke-related clinical indicators,neuroimaging assessments,and laboratory biomarkers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PSD,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.RESULTS Of the 112 patients,46(41.1%)were diagnosed with PSD.Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Female gender[Odds ratio(OR)=2.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.56-3.45],history of mental disorders prior to stroke(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.89-5.32),infarct location in the frontal lobe or limbic system(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.73-4.71),stroke severity with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥8 at admission(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.62-3.99),and low social support(Social Support Rating Scale<35,OR=2.18,95%CI:1.42-3.36).Subgroup analysis showed that depression patients more commonly had left hemisphere lesions(68.4%vs 45.2%),while anxiety patients more frequently presented with right hemisphere lesions(59.5%vs 39.5%).The PSD group exhibited larger infarct volumes(8.7 cm^(3) vs 5.3 cm^(3)),more severe white matter hyperintensities,and more pronounced frontal lobe atrophy.Analysis of inflammatory markers showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6(7.8 pg/mL vs 4.5 pg/mL)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.6 pg/mL vs 9.8 pg/mL)in the PSD group,while hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis function assessment revealed higher cortisol levels(386.5±92.3 nmol/L vs 328.7±75.6 nmol/L)and flattened diurnal rhythm in the PSD group.CONCLUSION PSD is a complex neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke involving disruption of the frontal-limbic circuitry,neuroinflammatory responses,and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.展开更多
Objective:Neuronal ferroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.Tamarixetin,a natural dietary flavonoid,exerts protective effects against ischemic stroke by modulating neuroinflammator...Objective:Neuronal ferroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.Tamarixetin,a natural dietary flavonoid,exerts protective effects against ischemic stroke by modulating neuroinflammatory responses and mitigating oxidative stress.However,its potential role in regulating neuronal ferroptosis remains unclear.Methods:A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion and an erastin-treated SH-SY5Y cell model were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments,respectively.The neurological function of the rats was evaluated using a series of behavioral tests,the Garcia scoring system,and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.Neuronal damage was detected via immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate(dUTP)nickend labeling.Commercial kits,western blotting,and coimmunoprecipitation were used to analyze neuronal ferroptosis and the activation of the Nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.The direct target protein of tamarixetin was examined using the cellular thermal shift assay,drug affinity-responsive target stability assay,surface plasmon resonance,and molecular docking.Cellular Nrf2 was knocked down using small interfering RNA.Results:Tamarixetin mitigated the neurological dysfunctions of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion(MCAO/R)rats,including motor dysfunction,limb coordination impairment,neurological deficit,cerebral infarction,and reduced neuronal loss.Furthermore,it alleviated neuronal ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro by lowering the levels of iron ions,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and upregulating the expression of superoxide dismutase,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase 4,heme oxygenase-1,and solute carrier family 7 member 11.Tamarixetin activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by suppressing Keap1 protein expression,weakening the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2,upregulating Nrf2 protein expression and nuclear translocation,and promoting antioxidant response element activity.Nrf2 is the direct binding protein of tamarixetin.It specifically interacts with amino acid residues at arginine 72,arginine 515,and lysine 518.The effects of tamarixetin on Nrf2 signaling pathway activation and neuronal ferroptosis inhibition were abrogated in Nrf2 knockdown cells challenged with erastin.Conclusions:Our findings not only identify tamarixetin as a novel ferroptosis inhibitor but also elucidate its mechanism of action via direct binding and Nrf2 pathway activation,providing a promising therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Acute pain is a sudden experience secondary to injuries and varies in perception among individuals.In trauma patients,it can negatively aff ect respiratory function,immune response,and wound healing,making ...BACKGROUND:Acute pain is a sudden experience secondary to injuries and varies in perception among individuals.In trauma patients,it can negatively aff ect respiratory function,immune response,and wound healing,making it a signifi cant public health concern.This study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with acute pain among emergency trauma patients.METHODS:A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted.Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient chart review.The data were analyzed via the statistical package for social science version 25.Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.Variables with a P-value<0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS:A total of 397 patients were included in the study,for a response rate of 96.8%.The prevalence of pain during admission was 91.9%(95%confi dence intervals[95%CIs]:88.8%-94.4%).Blunt trauma(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.82;95%CI:1.23-6.45),analgesia before admission to the emergency department(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),documentation of pain severity in the chart(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),analgesia provided within two hours after admission(aOR=7.60;95%CI:2.79-20.68),use of non-pharmacological pain management methods(aOR=3.09;95%CI:1.35-7.08)and availability of analgesia(aOR=3.95;95%CI:1.36-11.43)were associated with acute pain experience.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of acute pain among emergency trauma patients was high in the study area.Analgesia should be administered prior to admission,and non-pharmacological pain management should be implemented.Moreover,training on pain assessment and management should be provided for healthcare providers in the emergency department.展开更多
Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability...Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite imp...BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite improved renal function.It is potentially associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,renal osteodystrophy,pathologic fractures,graft loss,and mortality.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of PT-tHPT amongst kidney transplant recipients.METHODS A total of 887 transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020 were evaluated.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Graft and recipient outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.A separate multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the effect of treatment strategies on outcomes.RESULTS PT-tHPT,defined as elevated PTH(>65 ng/L)and persistent hypercalcemia(>2.60 mmol/L),was diagnosed in 14%of recipients.Risk factors for PT-tHPT included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,P<0.001],Asian ethnicity(OR=0.33,P=0.006),total ischemia time(OR=1.03,P=0.048 per hour),pre-transplant serum calcium(OR=1.38,P<0.001)per decile increase,pre-transplant PTH level(OR=1.31,P<0.001)per decile increase,longer dialysis duration(OR=1.12,P=0.002)per year,history of acute rejection(OR=2.37,P=0.012),and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change(OR=0.91,P=0.001).There were a 3.4-fold higher risk of death-censored graft loss and a 1.9-fold greater risk of recipient death with PT-tHPT.The three treatment strategies of conservative management,calcimimetic and parathyroidectomy did not significantly change the graft or patient outcome.CONCLUSION Pretransplant elevated calcium and PTH levels,older age and dialysis duration are associated with PT-tHPT.While PT-tHPT significantly affects graft and recipient survival,the treatment strategies did not affect survival.展开更多
Background:The trajectory of intrinsic capacity(IC)among the older population is characterized by its diversity and is predictive of adverse health outcomes such as disability,nursing home admission,decline in quality...Background:The trajectory of intrinsic capacity(IC)among the older population is characterized by its diversity and is predictive of adverse health outcomes such as disability,nursing home admission,decline in quality of life,and mortality.Gaining an understanding of the trajectory of IC and the factors that influence it is of paramount importance for fostering healthy aging.This research is focused on exploring the trajectory of IC among older adults in China and examining the factors that influence it.Methods:This observational longitudinal cohort study leveraged data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),which was conducted in the years 2011,2013,and 2015.For the purpose of this analysis,a total of 2,233 participants who were aged 60 and over were included.A Growth Mixture Model(GMM)was utilized to define trajectory categories for IC.Influential factors were ascertained based on the health ecology model,and binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the factors linked with the different trajectory categories.Results:Two distinct trajectory classes of IC were identified:Class 1,the normal-stable group,encompassed 90.4%of the elderly population,while Class 2,the declining group,made up 9.6%.Advanced age and a history of stroke were found to be significantly associated with Class 2.High scores in activities of daily living(ADL),employment status,receiving primary or junior high school education,and residence in the East or Central regions of China were significantly linked with Class 1.Conclusion:The trajectory of IC among older Chinese adults is marked by its heterogeneity.Advanced age and a history of stroke are significant risk factors for a declining IC trajectory,while higher ADL scores,being employed,receiving primary or junior high school education,and residing in the East or Central regions of China are protective factors associated with a stable IC trajectory.Healthcare institutions must closely monitor IC levels and understand these trajectory patterns to implement personalized and targeted interventions promptly to maintain IC at a healthy level and advocate for healthy aging.展开更多
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like be...Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.展开更多
Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial ...Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.展开更多
The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are...The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.展开更多
Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-me...Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-ments in karst hydrology,significant gaps remain in long-term trends,underlying processes,and quantitative effects of environmental changes.This is especially true in areas like the Wujiang River(WJ)in China,where human activities such as reservoir construction and land use/cover changes have accelerated hydrochemical changes.We combined recent and historical monitoring data to provide a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics,evolution,and controlling factors of major ions in WJ.These findings are important for local water management and contribute to global efforts to manage similar karst systems facing human-induced pressures.Our research shows clear seasonal differences in solute concentrations,with higher levels during the dry season.WJ’s water is rich in calcium,with Ca-HCO_(3) ion pairs being the most common.Reservoir monitor-ing stations show much higher levels of NO_(3)^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−)compared to river-type stations,likely due to longer hydraulic retention time and increased acid deposition.The study confirms the significant role of pH and water temperature in rock weathering processes.Land use/cover changes were identified as the primary drivers of solute variations(46.37%),followed by lithology(13.92%)and temperature(8.35%).Over the past two decades,in-tense carbonate weathering has been observed,especially during wet seasons.Among karstic provinces,Guizhou Province stands out with the highest ion concentrations,indicative of its extensive karst coverage and heightened weathering processes.展开更多
Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility ar...Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program,China([2024]027)the High-Level Innovative Talents Project of Guizhou Province,China(GCC[2023]014)+1 种基金the Guizhou Provincial Tea Industry Technology System,China(GZCYCYJSTX-03)the Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group(HNKJ2022-H135)。
文摘Heat stress reduces theanine content in tea plants,but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this study,a temperature gradient treatment(20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃)was performed to unveil the effect of heat stress on biosynthesis and accumulation of theanine.We found that heat stress induced metabolic changes,characterized by decreased theanine content and increased catechin levels.In addition,heat stress up-regulated the expression of the class B heat shock transcription factor gene CsHSFB2c,while significantly suppressing the transcription of key theanine biosynthetic genes CsTS1 and CsGS1.Functional studies showed that silencing CsHSFB2c increased theanine content,while its overexpression significantly decreased theanine levels.Consistent with these changes,silencing CsHSFB2c upregulated the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1,while overexpression of CsHSFB2c downregulated their expression.Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)and dual-luciferase reporter gene(Dual-LUC)assays showed that CsHSFB2c directly binds to the promoters of CsTS1 and CsGS1 and inhibits their expression.These results demonstrate that CsHSFB2c mediates heat-induced suppression of theanine biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the expression of CsTS1 and CsGS1.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the heat resistance and quality of tea plants via molecular breeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023ZL156(to YH)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022020304(to XG)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2023J019(to YH)Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province,No.2022E10026(to YH)。
文摘Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.
文摘Oncology Research Editorial Office Published:19 January 2026 The published article titled“miR-202 Promotes Cell Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting HSF2”has been retracted from Oncology Research,Vol.25,No.2,2017,pp.215-223.DOI:10.3727/096504016X14732772150541 URL:https://www.techscience.com/or/v25n2/56800.
基金supported by the 2025 Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation Project(FJ2025C074).
文摘This systematic review synthesizes empirical research on external risk factors for adolescent smartphone addiction.Scopus and Web of Science were searched for English peer-reviewed empirical articles from 2008 onward;28 met inclusion criteria(excluding non-adolescents,generic internet addiction,non-empirical work,or non-English).Thematic synthesis organized findings into three external risk domains—family,school,and peers—considering cultural/contextual mechanisms.Family dynamics(parental phubbing,harsh parenting,dysfunction),school stressors,and adverse peer relationships were identified as accumulating,direct and indirect contributors to smartphone addiction.These operate within a techno-ecological framework,where digital technologies amplify vulnerabilities and create new pathways for maladaptive use.Evidence favors an ecological,multi-level perspective.Future research should use longitudinal designs,standardize measures across cultures,and examine understudied regions—especially Africa—to guide culturally sensitive interventions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32201834 and 32201814)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.324RC530)+1 种基金the Hainan Provincial‘Nanhai NewStar’Science and Technology Innovation Platform Project,China(Grant No.NHXXRCXM-202362)the Research Startup Funding from Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University,China(Grant No.0201-6602-A12202).
文摘The significant variation in plant regeneration efficiency between indica and japonica rice poses a major challenge for crop improvement.However,the molecular basis for this divergence remains largely unclear.In this study,we investigated the role of Oryza sativa AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 13(OsARF13),a transcription factor involved in callus-related processes.We observed that OsARF13 expression is significantly higher in japonica rice callus than in indica rice callus.This differential expression might be associated with an allelic variation in the promoter region of OsARF13,where a deletion commonly found in indica rice corresponds to the loss of a conserved auxin-responsive element(AuxRE)motif.To functionally characterize OsARF13,we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutants.These mutants exhibited a substantial reduction in callus fresh weight,demonstrating that OsARF13 is required for efficient callus induction.Transcriptome analysis of the osarf13 mutant further showed that OsARF13 influences the expression of genes involved in hormone signal transduction and stress responses.Our findings suggest that OsARF13 is a key component of the regulatory network governing callus induction and that natural variation in its promoter might provide a potential explanation for the differential regenerative capacity between japonica and indica rice subspecies.
文摘BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of disability and death.Despite advances in modern medical technology that improve acute treatment and rehabilitation measures,post-stroke anxiety and depression(PSD)do not receive sufficient attention.AIM To systematically evaluate risk factors and early identification markers for PSD for more precise screening and intervention strategies in clinical practice.METHODS This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 112 patients with ischemic stroke admitted between January 2022 and December 2024.Based on assessments using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAMA)and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)at 2 weeks(±3 days)post-stroke,patients were classified into the PSD group(HAMA≥7 and/or HAMD≥7)and the non-PSD group(HAMA<7 and HAMD<7).Observation indicators included psychological assessment,demographic and clinical characteristics,stroke-related clinical indicators,neuroimaging assessments,and laboratory biomarkers.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for PSD,and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential biomarkers.RESULTS Of the 112 patients,46(41.1%)were diagnosed with PSD.Multivariate analysis identified five independent risk factors:Female gender[Odds ratio(OR)=2.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.56-3.45],history of mental disorders prior to stroke(OR=3.17,95%CI:1.89-5.32),infarct location in the frontal lobe or limbic system(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.73-4.71),stroke severity with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥8 at admission(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.62-3.99),and low social support(Social Support Rating Scale<35,OR=2.18,95%CI:1.42-3.36).Subgroup analysis showed that depression patients more commonly had left hemisphere lesions(68.4%vs 45.2%),while anxiety patients more frequently presented with right hemisphere lesions(59.5%vs 39.5%).The PSD group exhibited larger infarct volumes(8.7 cm^(3) vs 5.3 cm^(3)),more severe white matter hyperintensities,and more pronounced frontal lobe atrophy.Analysis of inflammatory markers showed significantly elevated levels of interleukin-6(7.8 pg/mL vs 4.5 pg/mL)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(15.6 pg/mL vs 9.8 pg/mL)in the PSD group,while hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis function assessment revealed higher cortisol levels(386.5±92.3 nmol/L vs 328.7±75.6 nmol/L)and flattened diurnal rhythm in the PSD group.CONCLUSION PSD is a complex neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke involving disruption of the frontal-limbic circuitry,neuroinflammatory responses,and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174076)the Construction Project of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory,China(2022JH13/10200026)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(H2024501002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2423006)the 111 Project(B16009).
文摘Objective:Neuronal ferroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.Tamarixetin,a natural dietary flavonoid,exerts protective effects against ischemic stroke by modulating neuroinflammatory responses and mitigating oxidative stress.However,its potential role in regulating neuronal ferroptosis remains unclear.Methods:A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion and an erastin-treated SH-SY5Y cell model were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments,respectively.The neurological function of the rats was evaluated using a series of behavioral tests,the Garcia scoring system,and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.Neuronal damage was detected via immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate(dUTP)nickend labeling.Commercial kits,western blotting,and coimmunoprecipitation were used to analyze neuronal ferroptosis and the activation of the Nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.The direct target protein of tamarixetin was examined using the cellular thermal shift assay,drug affinity-responsive target stability assay,surface plasmon resonance,and molecular docking.Cellular Nrf2 was knocked down using small interfering RNA.Results:Tamarixetin mitigated the neurological dysfunctions of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion(MCAO/R)rats,including motor dysfunction,limb coordination impairment,neurological deficit,cerebral infarction,and reduced neuronal loss.Furthermore,it alleviated neuronal ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro by lowering the levels of iron ions,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 and upregulating the expression of superoxide dismutase,glutathione,glutathione peroxidase 4,heme oxygenase-1,and solute carrier family 7 member 11.Tamarixetin activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway by suppressing Keap1 protein expression,weakening the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2,upregulating Nrf2 protein expression and nuclear translocation,and promoting antioxidant response element activity.Nrf2 is the direct binding protein of tamarixetin.It specifically interacts with amino acid residues at arginine 72,arginine 515,and lysine 518.The effects of tamarixetin on Nrf2 signaling pathway activation and neuronal ferroptosis inhibition were abrogated in Nrf2 knockdown cells challenged with erastin.Conclusions:Our findings not only identify tamarixetin as a novel ferroptosis inhibitor but also elucidate its mechanism of action via direct binding and Nrf2 pathway activation,providing a promising therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke.
文摘BACKGROUND:Acute pain is a sudden experience secondary to injuries and varies in perception among individuals.In trauma patients,it can negatively aff ect respiratory function,immune response,and wound healing,making it a signifi cant public health concern.This study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with acute pain among emergency trauma patients.METHODS:A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted.Data were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaires and patient chart review.The data were analyzed via the statistical package for social science version 25.Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used.Variables with a P-value<0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant.RESULTS:A total of 397 patients were included in the study,for a response rate of 96.8%.The prevalence of pain during admission was 91.9%(95%confi dence intervals[95%CIs]:88.8%-94.4%).Blunt trauma(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.82;95%CI:1.23-6.45),analgesia before admission to the emergency department(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),documentation of pain severity in the chart(aOR=2.71;95%CI:1.16-6.36),analgesia provided within two hours after admission(aOR=7.60;95%CI:2.79-20.68),use of non-pharmacological pain management methods(aOR=3.09;95%CI:1.35-7.08)and availability of analgesia(aOR=3.95;95%CI:1.36-11.43)were associated with acute pain experience.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of acute pain among emergency trauma patients was high in the study area.Analgesia should be administered prior to admission,and non-pharmacological pain management should be implemented.Moreover,training on pain assessment and management should be provided for healthcare providers in the emergency department.
文摘Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-transplant tertiary hyperparathyroidism(PT-tHPT)is a well-recognized complication following kidney transplantation,characterized by persistent excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH)despite improved renal function.It is potentially associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events,renal osteodystrophy,pathologic fractures,graft loss,and mortality.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and outcomes of PT-tHPT amongst kidney transplant recipients.METHODS A total of 887 transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020 were evaluated.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of tertiary hyperparathyroidism.Graft and recipient outcomes were assessed using multivariable Cox regression.A separate multivariable Cox regression was performed to determine the effect of treatment strategies on outcomes.RESULTS PT-tHPT,defined as elevated PTH(>65 ng/L)and persistent hypercalcemia(>2.60 mmol/L),was diagnosed in 14%of recipients.Risk factors for PT-tHPT included older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.36,P<0.001],Asian ethnicity(OR=0.33,P=0.006),total ischemia time(OR=1.03,P=0.048 per hour),pre-transplant serum calcium(OR=1.38,P<0.001)per decile increase,pre-transplant PTH level(OR=1.31,P<0.001)per decile increase,longer dialysis duration(OR=1.12,P=0.002)per year,history of acute rejection(OR=2.37,P=0.012),and slope of estimated glomerular filtration rate change(OR=0.91,P=0.001).There were a 3.4-fold higher risk of death-censored graft loss and a 1.9-fold greater risk of recipient death with PT-tHPT.The three treatment strategies of conservative management,calcimimetic and parathyroidectomy did not significantly change the graft or patient outcome.CONCLUSION Pretransplant elevated calcium and PTH levels,older age and dialysis duration are associated with PT-tHPT.While PT-tHPT significantly affects graft and recipient survival,the treatment strategies did not affect survival.
基金China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)the 2022-2023 Nursing Research Project of Chinese Medical Association Publishing House(Grant No.CMAPH-NRD2022024)。
文摘Background:The trajectory of intrinsic capacity(IC)among the older population is characterized by its diversity and is predictive of adverse health outcomes such as disability,nursing home admission,decline in quality of life,and mortality.Gaining an understanding of the trajectory of IC and the factors that influence it is of paramount importance for fostering healthy aging.This research is focused on exploring the trajectory of IC among older adults in China and examining the factors that influence it.Methods:This observational longitudinal cohort study leveraged data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),which was conducted in the years 2011,2013,and 2015.For the purpose of this analysis,a total of 2,233 participants who were aged 60 and over were included.A Growth Mixture Model(GMM)was utilized to define trajectory categories for IC.Influential factors were ascertained based on the health ecology model,and binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the factors linked with the different trajectory categories.Results:Two distinct trajectory classes of IC were identified:Class 1,the normal-stable group,encompassed 90.4%of the elderly population,while Class 2,the declining group,made up 9.6%.Advanced age and a history of stroke were found to be significantly associated with Class 2.High scores in activities of daily living(ADL),employment status,receiving primary or junior high school education,and residence in the East or Central regions of China were significantly linked with Class 1.Conclusion:The trajectory of IC among older Chinese adults is marked by its heterogeneity.Advanced age and a history of stroke are significant risk factors for a declining IC trajectory,while higher ADL scores,being employed,receiving primary or junior high school education,and residing in the East or Central regions of China are protective factors associated with a stable IC trajectory.Healthcare institutions must closely monitor IC levels and understand these trajectory patterns to implement personalized and targeted interventions promptly to maintain IC at a healthy level and advocate for healthy aging.
基金National Basic Research Plan Project of China,No.2023YFC3708303the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82241084the High-level Talent in Public Health of Beijing,No.Discipline Leaders-03-29(all to XL).
文摘Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138004)National Treasure Ecological Research Synergetic Innovation Center.
文摘Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42474156)the Technical Service Project of China Oilfield Services Limited(YJB23YF001)。
文摘The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2023A1515110824 and 2025A1515011839)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCBS20231211090638066).
文摘Understanding water chemistry in karst regions is crucial for improving global water resource management and deepening our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles shaping these sensitive environments.Despite advance-ments in karst hydrology,significant gaps remain in long-term trends,underlying processes,and quantitative effects of environmental changes.This is especially true in areas like the Wujiang River(WJ)in China,where human activities such as reservoir construction and land use/cover changes have accelerated hydrochemical changes.We combined recent and historical monitoring data to provide a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics,evolution,and controlling factors of major ions in WJ.These findings are important for local water management and contribute to global efforts to manage similar karst systems facing human-induced pressures.Our research shows clear seasonal differences in solute concentrations,with higher levels during the dry season.WJ’s water is rich in calcium,with Ca-HCO_(3) ion pairs being the most common.Reservoir monitor-ing stations show much higher levels of NO_(3)^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−)compared to river-type stations,likely due to longer hydraulic retention time and increased acid deposition.The study confirms the significant role of pH and water temperature in rock weathering processes.Land use/cover changes were identified as the primary drivers of solute variations(46.37%),followed by lithology(13.92%)and temperature(8.35%).Over the past two decades,in-tense carbonate weathering has been observed,especially during wet seasons.Among karstic provinces,Guizhou Province stands out with the highest ion concentrations,indicative of its extensive karst coverage and heightened weathering processes.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206601。
文摘Landslides pose a formidable natural hazard across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),endangering both ecosystems and human life.Identifying the driving factors behind landslides and accurately assessing susceptibility are key to mitigating disaster risk.This study integrated multi-source historical landslide data with 15 predictive factors and used several machine learning models—Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Regression Trees(GBRT),Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost),and Categorical Boosting(CatBoost)—to generate susceptibility maps.The Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method was applied to quantify factor importance and explore their nonlinear effects.The results showed that:(1)CatBoost was the best-performing model(CA=0.938,AUC=0.980)in assessing landslide susceptibility,with altitude emerging as the most significant factor,followed by distance to roads and earthquake sites,precipitation,and slope;(2)the SHAP method revealed critical nonlinear thresholds,demonstrating that historical landslides were concentrated at mid-altitudes(1400-4000 m)and decreased markedly above 4000 m,with a parallel reduction in probability beyond 700 m from roads;and(3)landslide-prone areas,comprising 13%of the QTP,were concentrated in the southeastern and northeastern parts of the plateau.By integrating machine learning and SHAP analysis,this study revealed landslide hazard-prone areas and their driving factors,providing insights to support disaster management strategies and sustainable regional planning.
