The classification of Chinese traditional settlements(CTSs)is extremely important for their differentiated development and protection.The innovative double-branch classification model developed in this study comprehen...The classification of Chinese traditional settlements(CTSs)is extremely important for their differentiated development and protection.The innovative double-branch classification model developed in this study comprehensively utilized the features of remote sensing(RS)images and building facade pictures(BFPs).This approach was able to overcome the limitations of previous methods that used only building facade images to classify settlements.First,the features of the roofs and walls were extracted using a double-branch structure,which consisted of an RS image branch and BFP branch.Then,a feature fusion module was designed to fuse the features of the roofs and walls.The precision,recall,and F1-score of the proposed model were improved by more than 4%compared with the classification model using only RS images or BFPs.The same three indexes of the proposed model were improved by more than 2%compared with other deep learning models.The results demonstrated that the proposed model performed well in the classification of architectural styles in CTSs.展开更多
Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,...Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades.In this study,we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope(dvPVBE)that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions,superior architectural aesthetics,and notable energy-saving potential.Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE:power generation priority(PGP),natural daylight priority(NDP),and energy-saving priority(ESP).Moreover,the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE.An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus.The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies.The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131%of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226%compared with static photovoltaic(PV)blinds.The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load,daylight penetration,and energy generation can be effectively regulated.展开更多
To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-sca...To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-scale feature descriptors. First, we select the optimal dual-scale descriptors from a range of feature descriptors. Next, we segment the facade according to the threshold value of the chosen optimal dual-scale descriptors. Finally, we use RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) to fit the segmented surface and optimize the fitting result. Experimental results show that, compared to commonly used facade segmentation algorithms, the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results, providing a robust data foundation for subsequent 3D model reconstruction of buildings.展开更多
The growing demand for energy-efficient solutions has led to increased interest in analyzing building facades,as buildings contribute significantly to energy consumption in urban environments.However,conventional imag...The growing demand for energy-efficient solutions has led to increased interest in analyzing building facades,as buildings contribute significantly to energy consumption in urban environments.However,conventional image segmentation methods often struggle to capture fine details such as edges and contours,limiting their effectiveness in identifying areas prone to energy loss.To address this challenge,we propose a novel segmentation methodology that combines object-wise processing with a two-stage deep learning model,Cascade U-Net.Object-wise processing isolates components of the facade,such as walls and windows,for independent analysis,while Cascade U-Net incorporates contour information to enhance segmentation accuracy.The methodology involves four steps:object isolation,which crops and adjusts the image based on bounding boxes;contour extraction,which derives contours;image segmentation,which modifies and reuses contours as guide data in Cascade U-Net to segment areas;and segmentation synthesis,which integrates the results obtained for each object to produce the final segmentation map.Applied to a dataset of Korean building images,the proposed method significantly outperformed traditional models,demonstrating improved accuracy and the ability to preserve critical structural details.Furthermore,we applied this approach to classify window thermal loss in real-world scenarios using infrared images,showing its potential to identify windows vulnerable to energy loss.Notably,our Cascade U-Net,which builds upon the relatively lightweight U-Net architecture,also exhibited strong performance,reinforcing the practical value of this method.Our approach offers a practical solution for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings by providing more precise segmentation results.展开更多
The relentless progress in the research of geographic spatial data models and their application scenarios is propelling an unprecedented rich Level of Detail(LoD)in realistic 3D representation and smart cities.This pu...The relentless progress in the research of geographic spatial data models and their application scenarios is propelling an unprecedented rich Level of Detail(LoD)in realistic 3D representation and smart cities.This pursuit of rich details not only adds complexity to entity models but also poses significant computational challenges for model visualization and 3D GIS.This paper introduces a novel method for deriving multi-LOD models,which can enhance the efficiency of spatial computing in complex 3D building models.Firstly,we extract multiple facades from a 3D building model(LoD3)and convert them into individual semantic facade models.Through the utilization of the developed facade layout graph,each semantic facade model is then transformed into a parametric model.Furthermore,we explore the specification of geometric and semantic details in building facades and define three different LODs for facades,offering a unique expression.Finally,an innovative heuristic method is introduced to simplify the parameterized facade.Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation,the effectiveness of the proposed parameterization methodology in capturing complex geometric details,semantic richness,and topological relationships of 3D building models is demonstrated.展开更多
This paper is part of a series addressing the urgent need for effective technologies to reduce energy demand and mitigate climate impact.This study focused on the implementation and development of dynamic insulation t...This paper is part of a series addressing the urgent need for effective technologies to reduce energy demand and mitigate climate impact.This study focused on the implementation and development of dynamic insulation technology for a sustainable and energy-efficient future in the region,especially in Iraq.The study assessed the energy efficiency of dynamic insulation technology by analyzing three wallmodels(static,dynamic,and modified)during thewinter season.This paper expands the analysis to include a hot,dry summer scenario,providing valuable insights into the year-round performance of dynamic walls and enabling sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for Iraq’s climate.The study evaluates the thermal efficiency of the dynamic intake and exhaust facades during the cooling season for the city of Baghdad.The finding indicated that the dynamic intake facade reduces energy consumption by 16.3%for the dynamic wall and 17.2%for the modified dynamic wall.In addition,the dynamic exhaust front reduces energy consumption by 46%during the cooling season,with the maximum permissible exhaust air level.Dynamic insulation is suitable for hot and dry climates,improving energy consumption.展开更多
A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and i...A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and installing, versatility, scalability and adaptability of the design, which are particularly important when they are facade integrated. In order to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks of the liquid thermal collectors, the authors propose to apply to them extruded aluminum alloy made heat pipes of originally designed cross-sectional profile with wide fins and longitudinal grooves. Such solar collectors could be a good solution for building facade and roof integration, because they are assembled of several standard and independent, hermetically sealed and light-weight modules, easy mounted and ＂dry＂ connected to the main pipeline. At that, their thermal performances are not worse than of the other known ones made of heavier and more expensive copper with higher thermal conductance, or having entire rigid designs. Some variants of the developed solar collectors shaping of the assembled modules for building facade or roof integration are proposed. Variously colored coatings to the absorbers are developed and made of carbon-siliceous nano-composites by means of sol-gel method. Their optical performances were compared with ＂anodized black＂. It is stated that colored coatings have a good prospect in thermal SCs （solar collectors） adaptation to building facades decoration, but the works on study and upgrade of their performances should be continued.展开更多
基金The Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department,No.BJK2022031The Open Fund of Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Protection,No.JCYKT202310。
文摘The classification of Chinese traditional settlements(CTSs)is extremely important for their differentiated development and protection.The innovative double-branch classification model developed in this study comprehensively utilized the features of remote sensing(RS)images and building facade pictures(BFPs).This approach was able to overcome the limitations of previous methods that used only building facade images to classify settlements.First,the features of the roofs and walls were extracted using a double-branch structure,which consisted of an RS image branch and BFP branch.Then,a feature fusion module was designed to fuse the features of the roofs and walls.The precision,recall,and F1-score of the proposed model were improved by more than 4%compared with the classification model using only RS images or BFPs.The same three indexes of the proposed model were improved by more than 2%compared with other deep learning models.The results demonstrated that the proposed model performed well in the classification of architectural styles in CTSs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52078269 and 52325801).
文摘Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades.In this study,we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope(dvPVBE)that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions,superior architectural aesthetics,and notable energy-saving potential.Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE:power generation priority(PGP),natural daylight priority(NDP),and energy-saving priority(ESP).Moreover,the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE.An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus.The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies.The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131%of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226%compared with static photovoltaic(PV)blinds.The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load,daylight penetration,and energy generation can be effectively regulated.
文摘To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-scale feature descriptors. First, we select the optimal dual-scale descriptors from a range of feature descriptors. Next, we segment the facade according to the threshold value of the chosen optimal dual-scale descriptors. Finally, we use RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) to fit the segmented surface and optimize the fitting result. Experimental results show that, compared to commonly used facade segmentation algorithms, the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results, providing a robust data foundation for subsequent 3D model reconstruction of buildings.
基金supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT):P0017123,the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist.
文摘The growing demand for energy-efficient solutions has led to increased interest in analyzing building facades,as buildings contribute significantly to energy consumption in urban environments.However,conventional image segmentation methods often struggle to capture fine details such as edges and contours,limiting their effectiveness in identifying areas prone to energy loss.To address this challenge,we propose a novel segmentation methodology that combines object-wise processing with a two-stage deep learning model,Cascade U-Net.Object-wise processing isolates components of the facade,such as walls and windows,for independent analysis,while Cascade U-Net incorporates contour information to enhance segmentation accuracy.The methodology involves four steps:object isolation,which crops and adjusts the image based on bounding boxes;contour extraction,which derives contours;image segmentation,which modifies and reuses contours as guide data in Cascade U-Net to segment areas;and segmentation synthesis,which integrates the results obtained for each object to produce the final segmentation map.Applied to a dataset of Korean building images,the proposed method significantly outperformed traditional models,demonstrating improved accuracy and the ability to preserve critical structural details.Furthermore,we applied this approach to classify window thermal loss in real-world scenarios using infrared images,showing its potential to identify windows vulnerable to energy loss.Notably,our Cascade U-Net,which builds upon the relatively lightweight U-Net architecture,also exhibited strong performance,reinforcing the practical value of this method.Our approach offers a practical solution for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings by providing more precise segmentation results.
基金National Natural Science of China(No.42201463)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2023GXNSFBA026350)+1 种基金Special Fund of Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent(Nos.Guike AD22035158,Guike AD23026167)Guangxi Young and Middle-aged Teachers’Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project(No.2023KY0056).
文摘The relentless progress in the research of geographic spatial data models and their application scenarios is propelling an unprecedented rich Level of Detail(LoD)in realistic 3D representation and smart cities.This pursuit of rich details not only adds complexity to entity models but also poses significant computational challenges for model visualization and 3D GIS.This paper introduces a novel method for deriving multi-LOD models,which can enhance the efficiency of spatial computing in complex 3D building models.Firstly,we extract multiple facades from a 3D building model(LoD3)and convert them into individual semantic facade models.Through the utilization of the developed facade layout graph,each semantic facade model is then transformed into a parametric model.Furthermore,we explore the specification of geometric and semantic details in building facades and define three different LODs for facades,offering a unique expression.Finally,an innovative heuristic method is introduced to simplify the parameterized facade.Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation,the effectiveness of the proposed parameterization methodology in capturing complex geometric details,semantic richness,and topological relationships of 3D building models is demonstrated.
文摘This paper is part of a series addressing the urgent need for effective technologies to reduce energy demand and mitigate climate impact.This study focused on the implementation and development of dynamic insulation technology for a sustainable and energy-efficient future in the region,especially in Iraq.The study assessed the energy efficiency of dynamic insulation technology by analyzing three wallmodels(static,dynamic,and modified)during thewinter season.This paper expands the analysis to include a hot,dry summer scenario,providing valuable insights into the year-round performance of dynamic walls and enabling sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for Iraq’s climate.The study evaluates the thermal efficiency of the dynamic intake and exhaust facades during the cooling season for the city of Baghdad.The finding indicated that the dynamic intake facade reduces energy consumption by 16.3%for the dynamic wall and 17.2%for the modified dynamic wall.In addition,the dynamic exhaust front reduces energy consumption by 46%during the cooling season,with the maximum permissible exhaust air level.Dynamic insulation is suitable for hot and dry climates,improving energy consumption.
文摘A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and installing, versatility, scalability and adaptability of the design, which are particularly important when they are facade integrated. In order to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks of the liquid thermal collectors, the authors propose to apply to them extruded aluminum alloy made heat pipes of originally designed cross-sectional profile with wide fins and longitudinal grooves. Such solar collectors could be a good solution for building facade and roof integration, because they are assembled of several standard and independent, hermetically sealed and light-weight modules, easy mounted and ＂dry＂ connected to the main pipeline. At that, their thermal performances are not worse than of the other known ones made of heavier and more expensive copper with higher thermal conductance, or having entire rigid designs. Some variants of the developed solar collectors shaping of the assembled modules for building facade or roof integration are proposed. Variously colored coatings to the absorbers are developed and made of carbon-siliceous nano-composites by means of sol-gel method. Their optical performances were compared with ＂anodized black＂. It is stated that colored coatings have a good prospect in thermal SCs （solar collectors） adaptation to building facades decoration, but the works on study and upgrade of their performances should be continued.
