Buildings contribute around 37%to global carbon emissions,prompting a growing interest in innovative carbon capture technologies.Among these,the integration of microalgae-based photosynthesis into building facades has...Buildings contribute around 37%to global carbon emissions,prompting a growing interest in innovative carbon capture technologies.Among these,the integration of microalgae-based photosynthesis into building facades has emerged as a promising solution.This approach offers multiple benefits,including carbon sequestration,reduced energy consumption,dynamic shading,and improved thermal regulation.This paper investigates the impact of integrating photobioreactor(PBR)facade elements,specifically on the south-facing facade of an office building in a temperate continental climate.The study evaluates the system’s effects on indoor thermal and visual comfort,energy production,and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration for three distinct PBR facade alternatives and compares them with a commercial curtain wall.The continuous PBR system varies in performance depending on production intensity,necessitating an initial optimization for thermal and visual comfort alongside energy use.Simulations were conducted using Rhinoceros/Grasshopper plug-ins,with optimization performed via the Octopus tool.The results,focusing on the Chlorella vulgaris algae strain,demonstrate that all facade configurations achieve a daylight performance exceeding 50%and meet desired thermal comfort levels.Although the energy generated by the PBR facade does not fully offset the building’s energy consumption,annual CO_(2)sequestration ranges from 84.87 kg to 770.13 kg.This study concludes that microalgae facades offer a viable strategy for enhancing a building’s energy performance and reducing CO_(2)emissions,without compromising occupant comfort.Additionally,the findings provide valuable insights for designers,researchers,investors and stakeholders and provides a payback period of these systems(16-24 years)for commercialization in the building industry.展开更多
Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive exa...Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.展开更多
A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and i...A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and installing, versatility, scalability and adaptability of the design, which are particularly important when they are facade integrated. In order to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks of the liquid thermal collectors, the authors propose to apply to them extruded aluminum alloy made heat pipes of originally designed cross-sectional profile with wide fins and longitudinal grooves. Such solar collectors could be a good solution for building facade and roof integration, because they are assembled of several standard and independent, hermetically sealed and light-weight modules, easy mounted and ＂dry＂ connected to the main pipeline. At that, their thermal performances are not worse than of the other known ones made of heavier and more expensive copper with higher thermal conductance, or having entire rigid designs. Some variants of the developed solar collectors shaping of the assembled modules for building facade or roof integration are proposed. Variously colored coatings to the absorbers are developed and made of carbon-siliceous nano-composites by means of sol-gel method. Their optical performances were compared with ＂anodized black＂. It is stated that colored coatings have a good prospect in thermal SCs （solar collectors） adaptation to building facades decoration, but the works on study and upgrade of their performances should be continued.展开更多
Like the hard surfaces of streets and sidewalks in an urban environment, the vertical and horizontal surface area on the outside of urban buildings contributes to the constant heating of large cities around the world....Like the hard surfaces of streets and sidewalks in an urban environment, the vertical and horizontal surface area on the outside of urban buildings contributes to the constant heating of large cities around the world. However, little is done to design this surface to benefit the public sphere. Instead, the facade of a building performs either as a component that focuses only on the quality of comfort for interior occupants, while ignoring effects on the exterior of the building, or as an identifiable aesthetic for the building＇s owners, This essay proposes the rethinking of the building facade as a steward of outdoor pedestrian welfare, and the conception of public health as an added function of the building envelope- a concept that may fall into the jurisdiction of public works. If the huge total surface area of a city＇s buildings is thought of as part of the city＇s infrastructure, then its public contribution may not only make outdoor areas comfortable, clean, and enjoyable, but also help to alleviate the bigger problem of rising temperatures in cities.展开更多
Development of a city depends largely on its transportation, and road construction reveals development skeletons of the city. With the aggravation of city pollution, construction of ecological corridor has been put on...Development of a city depends largely on its transportation, and road construction reveals development skeletons of the city. With the aggravation of city pollution, construction of ecological corridor has been put on the agenda of urban ecological construction, against this background, "2 rings and 17 radial lines" of Zhengzhou City were planned. This paper analyzed the plan from the perspectives of role of urban green corridor, planning principle, characteristic building and greening of building facade, and exploration of green corridors integrating pathways, bikeways, bus harbors and green island gas station.展开更多
The classification of Chinese traditional settlements(CTSs)is extremely important for their differentiated development and protection.The innovative double-branch classification model developed in this study comprehen...The classification of Chinese traditional settlements(CTSs)is extremely important for their differentiated development and protection.The innovative double-branch classification model developed in this study comprehensively utilized the features of remote sensing(RS)images and building facade pictures(BFPs).This approach was able to overcome the limitations of previous methods that used only building facade images to classify settlements.First,the features of the roofs and walls were extracted using a double-branch structure,which consisted of an RS image branch and BFP branch.Then,a feature fusion module was designed to fuse the features of the roofs and walls.The precision,recall,and F1-score of the proposed model were improved by more than 4%compared with the classification model using only RS images or BFPs.The same three indexes of the proposed model were improved by more than 2%compared with other deep learning models.The results demonstrated that the proposed model performed well in the classification of architectural styles in CTSs.展开更多
Double-skin facades(DSF)are a technique developed for colder climates,so few people think about whether or not it can also be used for hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.After analyzing the problems of using DS...Double-skin facades(DSF)are a technique developed for colder climates,so few people think about whether or not it can also be used for hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.After analyzing the problems of using DSF for hot-summer zones,this paper explored on the possibility of applying DSF in hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.The main existing research methods for DSF were also collected and commented.If properly managed,the ventilated DSF with controlled shading devices can be used even in hot summer in China.展开更多
基金supporting our study with the projects number 218M580 and 222M314.
文摘Buildings contribute around 37%to global carbon emissions,prompting a growing interest in innovative carbon capture technologies.Among these,the integration of microalgae-based photosynthesis into building facades has emerged as a promising solution.This approach offers multiple benefits,including carbon sequestration,reduced energy consumption,dynamic shading,and improved thermal regulation.This paper investigates the impact of integrating photobioreactor(PBR)facade elements,specifically on the south-facing facade of an office building in a temperate continental climate.The study evaluates the system’s effects on indoor thermal and visual comfort,energy production,and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))sequestration for three distinct PBR facade alternatives and compares them with a commercial curtain wall.The continuous PBR system varies in performance depending on production intensity,necessitating an initial optimization for thermal and visual comfort alongside energy use.Simulations were conducted using Rhinoceros/Grasshopper plug-ins,with optimization performed via the Octopus tool.The results,focusing on the Chlorella vulgaris algae strain,demonstrate that all facade configurations achieve a daylight performance exceeding 50%and meet desired thermal comfort levels.Although the energy generated by the PBR facade does not fully offset the building’s energy consumption,annual CO_(2)sequestration ranges from 84.87 kg to 770.13 kg.This study concludes that microalgae facades offer a viable strategy for enhancing a building’s energy performance and reducing CO_(2)emissions,without compromising occupant comfort.Additionally,the findings provide valuable insights for designers,researchers,investors and stakeholders and provides a payback period of these systems(16-24 years)for commercialization in the building industry.
文摘Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.
文摘A variety of liquid thermal solar collectors designs used for water heating have been developed by the previous researchers. But the majority of them do not meet the requirements on small weight, easy assembling and installing, versatility, scalability and adaptability of the design, which are particularly important when they are facade integrated. In order to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks of the liquid thermal collectors, the authors propose to apply to them extruded aluminum alloy made heat pipes of originally designed cross-sectional profile with wide fins and longitudinal grooves. Such solar collectors could be a good solution for building facade and roof integration, because they are assembled of several standard and independent, hermetically sealed and light-weight modules, easy mounted and ＂dry＂ connected to the main pipeline. At that, their thermal performances are not worse than of the other known ones made of heavier and more expensive copper with higher thermal conductance, or having entire rigid designs. Some variants of the developed solar collectors shaping of the assembled modules for building facade or roof integration are proposed. Variously colored coatings to the absorbers are developed and made of carbon-siliceous nano-composites by means of sol-gel method. Their optical performances were compared with ＂anodized black＂. It is stated that colored coatings have a good prospect in thermal SCs （solar collectors） adaptation to building facades decoration, but the works on study and upgrade of their performances should be continued.
文摘Like the hard surfaces of streets and sidewalks in an urban environment, the vertical and horizontal surface area on the outside of urban buildings contributes to the constant heating of large cities around the world. However, little is done to design this surface to benefit the public sphere. Instead, the facade of a building performs either as a component that focuses only on the quality of comfort for interior occupants, while ignoring effects on the exterior of the building, or as an identifiable aesthetic for the building＇s owners, This essay proposes the rethinking of the building facade as a steward of outdoor pedestrian welfare, and the conception of public health as an added function of the building envelope- a concept that may fall into the jurisdiction of public works. If the huge total surface area of a city＇s buildings is thought of as part of the city＇s infrastructure, then its public contribution may not only make outdoor areas comfortable, clean, and enjoyable, but also help to alleviate the bigger problem of rising temperatures in cities.
文摘Development of a city depends largely on its transportation, and road construction reveals development skeletons of the city. With the aggravation of city pollution, construction of ecological corridor has been put on the agenda of urban ecological construction, against this background, "2 rings and 17 radial lines" of Zhengzhou City were planned. This paper analyzed the plan from the perspectives of role of urban green corridor, planning principle, characteristic building and greening of building facade, and exploration of green corridors integrating pathways, bikeways, bus harbors and green island gas station.
基金The Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department,No.BJK2022031The Open Fund of Hebei Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environmental Monitoring and Protection,No.JCYKT202310。
文摘The classification of Chinese traditional settlements(CTSs)is extremely important for their differentiated development and protection.The innovative double-branch classification model developed in this study comprehensively utilized the features of remote sensing(RS)images and building facade pictures(BFPs).This approach was able to overcome the limitations of previous methods that used only building facade images to classify settlements.First,the features of the roofs and walls were extracted using a double-branch structure,which consisted of an RS image branch and BFP branch.Then,a feature fusion module was designed to fuse the features of the roofs and walls.The precision,recall,and F1-score of the proposed model were improved by more than 4%compared with the classification model using only RS images or BFPs.The same three indexes of the proposed model were improved by more than 2%compared with other deep learning models.The results demonstrated that the proposed model performed well in the classification of architectural styles in CTSs.
文摘Double-skin facades(DSF)are a technique developed for colder climates,so few people think about whether or not it can also be used for hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.After analyzing the problems of using DSF for hot-summer zones,this paper explored on the possibility of applying DSF in hot-summer and cold-winter zones in China.The main existing research methods for DSF were also collected and commented.If properly managed,the ventilated DSF with controlled shading devices can be used even in hot summer in China.
