A new type of lead-free solder alloy Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE was fabricated under vacuum condition. The microstructure and properties of the material, such as tensile strength, elongation, melting range, conductance and spread...A new type of lead-free solder alloy Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE was fabricated under vacuum condition. The microstructure and properties of the material, such as tensile strength, elongation, melting range, conductance and spreading area were all investigated. Result shows that when the content of RE ≤ 0.1% （mass fraction）, RE distribute uniformly in the solder alloy, and the tensile strength and conductance of Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE solder alloy are better than those of traditional Sn37Pb solder. Its elongation and spreading area are almost equal to those of Sn37Pb solder. When the content of RE reaches 0.5%, RE compounds can be easily found around the boundaries of grains and phases, and the tensile strength and elongation and spreading area of Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE solder alloy all decrease sharply. Therefore, RE amount added to the Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE solder alloy under 0.1% is proper.展开更多
The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)...The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,have become standard practice.The need for Federated Learning(FL)for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques.However,the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference.Therefore,this research presents a novel blockchain-assisted improved cryptographic privacy-preserving federated learning(BICPPFL)model,with the help of ORAN,to safely carry out federated learning and protect privacy.This model improves on the conventional masking technique for sharing model parameters by adding new characteristics.These features include the choice of distributed aggregators,validation for final model aggregation,and individual validation for BSs.To manage the security and privacy of FL processes,a combined homomorphic proxy-reencryption(HPReE)and lattice-cryptographic method(HPReEL)has been used.The upgraded delegated proof of stake(Up-DPoS)consensus protocol,which will provide quick validation of model exchanges and protect against malicious attacks,is employed for effective consensus across blockchain nodes.Without sacrificing performance metrics,the BICPPFL model strengthens privacy and adds security layers while facilitating the transfer of sensitive data across several BSs.The framework is deployed on top of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain to evaluate its effectiveness.The experimental findings prove the reliability and privacy-preserving capability of the BICPPFL model.展开更多
A comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and defects of a thixomolded AZ91D alloy was conducted to elucidate their influences on mechanical properties.Samples were made at injection temperatures ranging from 580...A comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and defects of a thixomolded AZ91D alloy was conducted to elucidate their influences on mechanical properties.Samples were made at injection temperatures ranging from 580 to 640℃.X-ray computed tomography was used to visualize pores,and crystal plasticity finite element simulation was adopted for deformation analysis.The microstructure characterizations reveal a hierarchical cell feature composed of α-Mg and eutectic phases.With the increase of injection temperature,large cell content in the material decreases,while the strength of the alloy increases.The underlying mechanism about strength change is that coarse-grained solids experience smaller stress even in hard orientations.The sample fabricated at a moderate temperature of 620℃ exhibits the highest elongation,least quantity and lower local concentration of pores.The detachment and tearing cracks formed at lower injection temperature and defect bands formed at higher injection temperature add additional crack sources and deteriorate the ductility of the materials.展开更多
Wire-arc directed energy deposition(wire-arc DED)enables the fabrication of large-scale metal components with rapid manufacturing ability and diverse material selection,making it a compelling technology in industries ...Wire-arc directed energy deposition(wire-arc DED)enables the fabrication of large-scale metal components with rapid manufacturing ability and diverse material selection,making it a compelling technology in industries and defenses.However,challenges in both macroscale and microscale defects still limit printed component widespread applications.Recent advances in automatic and intelligent technologies have brought a range of quality controllable strategies to the forefront.This review covers these new strategies for the printing component,including path planning,process monitoring,auxiliary processes,and post processing,while discussing the expectation for structure and quality improvement.In addition,the work brings new areas of intelligent wire-arc DED development,including advances in digital twin,visualization,and human-processing interaction to promote its performance.It is anticipated that a focus on intelligent system will be key to smart and high-quality manufacturing for future wire-arc DED.展开更多
Peptide and protein drugs with therapeutic effects suffer from their short half-life and low stability,albeit their high efficiency and specificity.To overcome these demerits,long-acting drug delivery systems have bee...Peptide and protein drugs with therapeutic effects suffer from their short half-life and low stability,albeit their high efficiency and specificity.To overcome these demerits,long-acting drug delivery systems have been developed,wherein poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)implants are most preferred owing to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility.Dozens of PLGA based products have been approved since1986,when the first product,named Decapeptyl R,successfully marched into market.To meet the increasing demand for delivering various peptides and proteins,different kinds of technologies have been developed for lab-scale fabrication or industrial manufacture.This review aims to introduce recent advances of PLGA implants,and give a brief summary of fundamental properties of PLGA,fabrication technologies of peptides/proteins-loaded PLGA implants as well as factors influencing the drug release processes.Moreover,challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted.展开更多
Nanotechnologies seek to overcome inherent deficiencies of conventional diagnosis and treatment,which attracted sustained attention and a limited number of nanomedicines approved by the FDA.However,the critical gaps i...Nanotechnologies seek to overcome inherent deficiencies of conventional diagnosis and treatment,which attracted sustained attention and a limited number of nanomedicines approved by the FDA.However,the critical gaps in clinical translation remain,and nanomedicines that were initially heralded as magic bullets have yet to reach their realistic potential.The major obstacles of fabrication technologies may be overlooked in the nanoparticles’journey.Suboptimal manufacturing strategies partly hampered the inefficient transformation.In this review,we discuss the nanoparticle manufacturing strategies of“Top-Down”and“Bottom-Up”on precise nanoscale fabrication,including artificial intelligence introduced to guided nanomedicine fabrication for accelerating the transformation.Re-engineering existing nanomedicine fabrication,individual manufacturing,and modular technology might highlight the dilemmas of nanomedicines to meet their initial expectations.展开更多
Localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)biosensors,which enable nanoscale confinement and manipulation of light,offer the enhanced sensitivity and electromagnetic energy localization.The integration of LSPR with the ...Localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)biosensors,which enable nanoscale confinement and manipulation of light,offer the enhanced sensitivity and electromagnetic energy localization.The integration of LSPR with the fiber-optic technology has led to the development of compact and versatile sensors for miniaturization and remote sensing.This comprehensive review explores various sensor configurations,fiber types,and geometric shapes,highlighting their benefits in terms of sensitivity,integration,and performance improvement.Fabrication techniques such as focused non-chemical bonding strategies and self-assembly of nanoparticles are discussed,providing control over nanostructure morphology and enhancing sensor performance.Bio-applications of fiber-optic LSPR(FOLSPR)sensors are detailed,specifically in biomolecular interactions and analysis of proteins,pathogens and cells,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),and other small molecules(organic compounds and heavy metal ions).Surface modification and detection schemes are emphasized for their potential for label-free and real-time biosensing.The challenges and prospects of FOLSPR sensors are addressed,including the developments in sensitivity,fabrication techniques,and measurement reliability.Integration with emerging technologies such as nanomaterials is highlighted as a promising direction for future research.Overall,this review provides insights into the advancements and potential applications of FOLSPR sensors,paving the way for sensitive and versatile optical biosensing platforms in various fields.展开更多
A third harmonic superconducting niobium cavity has been proposed for installation in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） storage ring to improve the Touschek lifetime. In order to investigate the fea...A third harmonic superconducting niobium cavity has been proposed for installation in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） storage ring to improve the Touschek lifetime. In order to investigate the feasibility of the superconducting cavity fabrication indigenously and the possibility to master the fabrica tion techniques, cavities were fabricated from copper and niobium sheets by deep drawing and electron-beam welding, and a series of measurements, such as resonant frequency, shape dimensions and wall thickness, were carried out during this process. After analysis of various problems existing in the fabrication process, technique improvements were proposed, and finally the precise shape as designed and resonant frequency within 1.2 MHz were achieved for the new completed cavities. In addition, full annealing was finally proved to be a good cure for niobium sheets＇ tearing up during deep drawing. By fabricating niobium cavities successfully, some problems to the next step were cleared. This paper introduces the process of cavity fabrication and its technique improvements towards forming, and the initial vertical test result of niobium cavity is also presented.展开更多
Femtosecond laser fabrication technology has been applied to photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers owing to its 3D fabrication capability.Current photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexer designs based on femtosecond laser...Femtosecond laser fabrication technology has been applied to photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers owing to its 3D fabrication capability.Current photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexer designs based on femtosecond laser fabrication technology mostly follow a fibre-type photonic lantern design,which uses trajectory-symmetry structures with non-uniform waveguides for selective mode excitation.However,non-uniform waveguides can lead to inconsistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses.Trajectory-symmetry designs are inefficient for selective-mode excitation.Therefore,we optimised the design using trajectory asymmetry with uniform waveguides and fabricated superior ultrafast laser-inscribed photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers.Consistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses(0.1 dB/cm and 0.2 dB/facet,respectively)at 1550 nm were obtained on uniform single-mode waveguides.Based on the trajectory-asymmetry design for photonic-lantern mode LPa11 LPb11 LP01(de)multiplexers,efficient mode excitation(,,and)with average insertion losses as low as 1 dB at 1550 nm was achieved,with mode-dependent losses of less than 0.3 dB.The photonic-lantern design was polarisation-insensitive,and the polarisation-determined losses were less than 0.2 dB.Along with polarisation LPa11x LPa11y LPb11x LPb11y LP01xmultiplexing realised by fibre-type polarisation beam splitters,six signal channels(,,,,,LP01yand),each carrying 42 Gaud/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals,were transmitted through a few-mode fibre for optical transmission.The average insertion loss of the system is less than 5 dB,while its maximum crosstalk with the few-mode fibre is less than-12 dB,leading to a 4-dB power penalty.The findings of this study pave the way for the practical application of 3D integrated photonic chips in high-capacity optical transmission systems.展开更多
Moore’s Law has been the driving force behind the semiconductor in-dustry for several decades,but as silicon-based transistors approach their physical limits,researchers are searching for new materials to sustain thi...Moore’s Law has been the driving force behind the semiconductor in-dustry for several decades,but as silicon-based transistors approach their physical limits,researchers are searching for new materials to sustain this exponential growth.Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),with their atomically thin structure and en-ticing physical properties,have emerged as the most promising can-didates for downsizing and improving device integration.Embold-ened by the direction of achieving large-area and high-quality TMDs growth,wafer-scale TMDs growth strategies have been continuously developed,suggesting that TMDs are poised to become a new plat-form for next-generation electronic devices.In this review,advanced synthesis routes and inherent properties of wafer-scale TMDs were critically assessed.In addition,the performance in electronic devices was also discussed,providing an outlook on the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in their development.展开更多
Aero-engine is a key part of aircraft,the operating temperature of which is being pushed to unprecedented levels for higher engine efficiency and performance.To accomplish higher gas-inlet temperature of aero-engines,...Aero-engine is a key part of aircraft,the operating temperature of which is being pushed to unprecedented levels for higher engine efficiency and performance.To accomplish higher gas-inlet temperature of aero-engines,applying thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)on hot-section metallic components,or even replacing some of the metallic components in aero-engines with ceramic-matrix composites(CMCs)and applying environmental-barrier coatings(EBCs)on them,are effective methods and have been widely accepted.On the other hand,increasing aero-engines operating temperature causes the aircraft more easily be detected,thus stealth coatings are necessary for engines.Except the hottest part in aero-engines,other parts may not need TBCs or EBCs due to the relatively low operating temperature,but they still need protection from oxidation and corrosion.Hence,corrosion-resistant coatings are essential.In this paper,the latest progress of the above high-temperature protective coatings,i.e.,TBCs,EBCs,stealth coatings and corrosion-resistant coatings is reviewed,mainly including their materials,fabrication technologies and performance.In addition,due to the harsh operating environment,these protective coatings face many threats such as calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicates(CMAS)attack,causing premature failure of the coatings,which is also concerned in this paper.The work would provide a comprehensive understanding on the high-temperature protective coatings in aero-engines and guidance for developing advanced protective coatings for next-generation aero-engines.展开更多
文摘A new type of lead-free solder alloy Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE was fabricated under vacuum condition. The microstructure and properties of the material, such as tensile strength, elongation, melting range, conductance and spreading area were all investigated. Result shows that when the content of RE ≤ 0.1% （mass fraction）, RE distribute uniformly in the solder alloy, and the tensile strength and conductance of Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE solder alloy are better than those of traditional Sn37Pb solder. Its elongation and spreading area are almost equal to those of Sn37Pb solder. When the content of RE reaches 0.5%, RE compounds can be easily found around the boundaries of grains and phases, and the tensile strength and elongation and spreading area of Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE solder alloy all decrease sharply. Therefore, RE amount added to the Sn2.0Ag0.7CuRE solder alloy under 0.1% is proper.
文摘The next-generation RAN,known as Open Radio Access Network(ORAN),allows for several advantages,including cost-effectiveness,network flexibility,and interoperability.Now ORAN applications,utilising machine learning(ML)and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques,have become standard practice.The need for Federated Learning(FL)for ML model training in ORAN environments is heightened by the modularised structure of the ORAN architecture and the shortcomings of conventional ML techniques.However,the traditional plaintext model update sharing of FL in multi-BS contexts is susceptible to privacy violations such as deep-leakage gradient assaults and inference.Therefore,this research presents a novel blockchain-assisted improved cryptographic privacy-preserving federated learning(BICPPFL)model,with the help of ORAN,to safely carry out federated learning and protect privacy.This model improves on the conventional masking technique for sharing model parameters by adding new characteristics.These features include the choice of distributed aggregators,validation for final model aggregation,and individual validation for BSs.To manage the security and privacy of FL processes,a combined homomorphic proxy-reencryption(HPReE)and lattice-cryptographic method(HPReEL)has been used.The upgraded delegated proof of stake(Up-DPoS)consensus protocol,which will provide quick validation of model exchanges and protect against malicious attacks,is employed for effective consensus across blockchain nodes.Without sacrificing performance metrics,the BICPPFL model strengthens privacy and adds security layers while facilitating the transfer of sensitive data across several BSs.The framework is deployed on top of a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain to evaluate its effectiveness.The experimental findings prove the reliability and privacy-preserving capability of the BICPPFL model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51825101,52001202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1600900)。
文摘A comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and defects of a thixomolded AZ91D alloy was conducted to elucidate their influences on mechanical properties.Samples were made at injection temperatures ranging from 580 to 640℃.X-ray computed tomography was used to visualize pores,and crystal plasticity finite element simulation was adopted for deformation analysis.The microstructure characterizations reveal a hierarchical cell feature composed of α-Mg and eutectic phases.With the increase of injection temperature,large cell content in the material decreases,while the strength of the alloy increases.The underlying mechanism about strength change is that coarse-grained solids experience smaller stress even in hard orientations.The sample fabricated at a moderate temperature of 620℃ exhibits the highest elongation,least quantity and lower local concentration of pores.The detachment and tearing cracks formed at lower injection temperature and defect bands formed at higher injection temperature add additional crack sources and deteriorate the ductility of the materials.
基金fully appreciate financial support from NingXia Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholar(No.2024AAC04002)CAS“Light of West China”Program,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Program,No.12232013)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(Key Program,No.2022AAC2003)。
文摘Wire-arc directed energy deposition(wire-arc DED)enables the fabrication of large-scale metal components with rapid manufacturing ability and diverse material selection,making it a compelling technology in industries and defenses.However,challenges in both macroscale and microscale defects still limit printed component widespread applications.Recent advances in automatic and intelligent technologies have brought a range of quality controllable strategies to the forefront.This review covers these new strategies for the printing component,including path planning,process monitoring,auxiliary processes,and post processing,while discussing the expectation for structure and quality improvement.In addition,the work brings new areas of intelligent wire-arc DED development,including advances in digital twin,visualization,and human-processing interaction to promote its performance.It is anticipated that a focus on intelligent system will be key to smart and high-quality manufacturing for future wire-arc DED.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82104082,81973247 and 82030107)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology(Nos.19XD1400300 and 21430760800).
文摘Peptide and protein drugs with therapeutic effects suffer from their short half-life and low stability,albeit their high efficiency and specificity.To overcome these demerits,long-acting drug delivery systems have been developed,wherein poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)implants are most preferred owing to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility.Dozens of PLGA based products have been approved since1986,when the first product,named Decapeptyl R,successfully marched into market.To meet the increasing demand for delivering various peptides and proteins,different kinds of technologies have been developed for lab-scale fabrication or industrial manufacture.This review aims to introduce recent advances of PLGA implants,and give a brief summary of fundamental properties of PLGA,fabrication technologies of peptides/proteins-loaded PLGA implants as well as factors influencing the drug release processes.Moreover,challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003687).
文摘Nanotechnologies seek to overcome inherent deficiencies of conventional diagnosis and treatment,which attracted sustained attention and a limited number of nanomedicines approved by the FDA.However,the critical gaps in clinical translation remain,and nanomedicines that were initially heralded as magic bullets have yet to reach their realistic potential.The major obstacles of fabrication technologies may be overlooked in the nanoparticles’journey.Suboptimal manufacturing strategies partly hampered the inefficient transformation.In this review,we discuss the nanoparticle manufacturing strategies of“Top-Down”and“Bottom-Up”on precise nanoscale fabrication,including artificial intelligence introduced to guided nanomedicine fabrication for accelerating the transformation.Re-engineering existing nanomedicine fabrication,individual manufacturing,and modular technology might highlight the dilemmas of nanomedicines to meet their initial expectations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62375036,62005034,62171076,and 61727816)Liaoning Cancer Hospital Oncology+Funds(Grant No.2024-ZLKF-34)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT21RC(3)080).
文摘Localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)biosensors,which enable nanoscale confinement and manipulation of light,offer the enhanced sensitivity and electromagnetic energy localization.The integration of LSPR with the fiber-optic technology has led to the development of compact and versatile sensors for miniaturization and remote sensing.This comprehensive review explores various sensor configurations,fiber types,and geometric shapes,highlighting their benefits in terms of sensitivity,integration,and performance improvement.Fabrication techniques such as focused non-chemical bonding strategies and self-assembly of nanoparticles are discussed,providing control over nanostructure morphology and enhancing sensor performance.Bio-applications of fiber-optic LSPR(FOLSPR)sensors are detailed,specifically in biomolecular interactions and analysis of proteins,pathogens and cells,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),and other small molecules(organic compounds and heavy metal ions).Surface modification and detection schemes are emphasized for their potential for label-free and real-time biosensing.The challenges and prospects of FOLSPR sensors are addressed,including the developments in sensitivity,fabrication techniques,and measurement reliability.Integration with emerging technologies such as nanomaterials is highlighted as a promising direction for future research.Overall,this review provides insights into the advancements and potential applications of FOLSPR sensors,paving the way for sensitive and versatile optical biosensing platforms in various fields.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (026505027, 036505011)
文摘A third harmonic superconducting niobium cavity has been proposed for installation in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） storage ring to improve the Touschek lifetime. In order to investigate the feasibility of the superconducting cavity fabrication indigenously and the possibility to master the fabrica tion techniques, cavities were fabricated from copper and niobium sheets by deep drawing and electron-beam welding, and a series of measurements, such as resonant frequency, shape dimensions and wall thickness, were carried out during this process. After analysis of various problems existing in the fabrication process, technique improvements were proposed, and finally the precise shape as designed and resonant frequency within 1.2 MHz were achieved for the new completed cavities. In addition, full annealing was finally proved to be a good cure for niobium sheets＇ tearing up during deep drawing. By fabricating niobium cavities successfully, some problems to the next step were cleared. This paper introduces the process of cavity fabrication and its technique improvements towards forming, and the initial vertical test result of niobium cavity is also presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62125503,62261160388)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2023AFA028)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(OVL2021BG004).
文摘Femtosecond laser fabrication technology has been applied to photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers owing to its 3D fabrication capability.Current photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexer designs based on femtosecond laser fabrication technology mostly follow a fibre-type photonic lantern design,which uses trajectory-symmetry structures with non-uniform waveguides for selective mode excitation.However,non-uniform waveguides can lead to inconsistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses.Trajectory-symmetry designs are inefficient for selective-mode excitation.Therefore,we optimised the design using trajectory asymmetry with uniform waveguides and fabricated superior ultrafast laser-inscribed photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers.Consistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses(0.1 dB/cm and 0.2 dB/facet,respectively)at 1550 nm were obtained on uniform single-mode waveguides.Based on the trajectory-asymmetry design for photonic-lantern mode LPa11 LPb11 LP01(de)multiplexers,efficient mode excitation(,,and)with average insertion losses as low as 1 dB at 1550 nm was achieved,with mode-dependent losses of less than 0.3 dB.The photonic-lantern design was polarisation-insensitive,and the polarisation-determined losses were less than 0.2 dB.Along with polarisation LPa11x LPa11y LPb11x LPb11y LP01xmultiplexing realised by fibre-type polarisation beam splitters,six signal channels(,,,,,LP01yand),each carrying 42 Gaud/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals,were transmitted through a few-mode fibre for optical transmission.The average insertion loss of the system is less than 5 dB,while its maximum crosstalk with the few-mode fibre is less than-12 dB,leading to a 4-dB power penalty.The findings of this study pave the way for the practical application of 3D integrated photonic chips in high-capacity optical transmission systems.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.2022JJ20085)Changsha Natural Science Foundation (grant No.kq2202092).
文摘Moore’s Law has been the driving force behind the semiconductor in-dustry for several decades,but as silicon-based transistors approach their physical limits,researchers are searching for new materials to sustain this exponential growth.Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),with their atomically thin structure and en-ticing physical properties,have emerged as the most promising can-didates for downsizing and improving device integration.Embold-ened by the direction of achieving large-area and high-quality TMDs growth,wafer-scale TMDs growth strategies have been continuously developed,suggesting that TMDs are poised to become a new plat-form for next-generation electronic devices.In this review,advanced synthesis routes and inherent properties of wafer-scale TMDs were critically assessed.In addition,the performance in electronic devices was also discussed,providing an outlook on the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in their development.
文摘Aero-engine is a key part of aircraft,the operating temperature of which is being pushed to unprecedented levels for higher engine efficiency and performance.To accomplish higher gas-inlet temperature of aero-engines,applying thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)on hot-section metallic components,or even replacing some of the metallic components in aero-engines with ceramic-matrix composites(CMCs)and applying environmental-barrier coatings(EBCs)on them,are effective methods and have been widely accepted.On the other hand,increasing aero-engines operating temperature causes the aircraft more easily be detected,thus stealth coatings are necessary for engines.Except the hottest part in aero-engines,other parts may not need TBCs or EBCs due to the relatively low operating temperature,but they still need protection from oxidation and corrosion.Hence,corrosion-resistant coatings are essential.In this paper,the latest progress of the above high-temperature protective coatings,i.e.,TBCs,EBCs,stealth coatings and corrosion-resistant coatings is reviewed,mainly including their materials,fabrication technologies and performance.In addition,due to the harsh operating environment,these protective coatings face many threats such as calcia-magnesia-aluminosilicates(CMAS)attack,causing premature failure of the coatings,which is also concerned in this paper.The work would provide a comprehensive understanding on the high-temperature protective coatings in aero-engines and guidance for developing advanced protective coatings for next-generation aero-engines.
