The phosphorus uptake （PU） in above-ground parts of plant, root characteristics and root exudations as well as the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with these characteristics were determined for a F2：3 p...The phosphorus uptake （PU） in above-ground parts of plant, root characteristics and root exudations as well as the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with these characteristics were determined for a F2：3 population derived from the cross of two contrasting maize （Zea mays L.） genotypes, 082 and Yel07. A total of 241 F2：3 families were evaluated in replicated trials under deficient phosphorus conditions in 2007 at two sites （Kaixian County and Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China）. The results show pleiotropy and close linkage among QTLs. Four common regions in different environments were in bnlg100- bnlg1268b （bins 1.02） for QTL of H＋, bnlg1268a-umc1290a （bins 1.09） for QTL of AP （acid phospbatase activity）, dupssrl5- P 1MT/a （bins 6.06） for QTLs of PU （phosphorus uptake） and RW （root weight）, and P IM3/d-P1M3/g （bins9.04） for QTLs of PU and AP. These QTLs are non-environment or minor QTLs x environment. By epistatic analysis, three main QTLs and eighteen QTLs x QTLs interactions were detected for the seven measured characteristics. These QTLs may affect trait expression by epistatic interaction with the other loci, and make a substantial contribution to phosphorus utilization efficiency, which should be considered when breeding maize varieties with high P efficiency. Two regions were detected in dupssrl 5- P1MT/a （bins 6.06） for QTL of RW and P1M3/d- P 1M3/g （bins 9.04） for QTL of PU and AP. They were detected in two different environments and by two methods of QTL analysis, which were useful for marker-assisted selection.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy(PEHCR),a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),in a case series of Chinese patien...AIM:To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy(PEHCR),a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),in a case series of Chinese patients.METHODS:This study was retrospectively conducted from September 2018 to March 2025.Clinical examinations included color fundus photography,B-scan ultrasonography,fluorescein angiography(FA),indocyanine green angiography(ICGA),swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and two active or inactive subgroups and misdiagnosed cases were analyzed.RESULTS:Totally 19 patients(21 eyes)with a mean age of 54.3±9.4(range,36–68)y were included,with a majority of women(n=13,68.4%).The mean follow-up period was 13±1.4(range:1–57)mo.Decreased visual acuity was the most frequent initial manifestation(17 eyes,84.2%),and lesions were mainly distributed in the inferotemporal or temporal quadrant(14 eyes,66.7%),with choroidal polyps and branching neovascular networks revealed by OCTA and ICGA.Nine patients had been previously misdiagnosed with choroidal melanoma,and 6 of them had massive vitreous hemorrhage(VH).PEHCR manifested along a spectrum ranging from active or inactive subretinal hemorrhagic forms to chronic fibrotic or atrophic forms.One patient experienced natural regression.Ten eyes received a mean of 4.7±1.1(range:3–7)intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections,two eyes underwent vitrectomy,and six eyes were treated with vitrectomy combined with anti-VEGF therapy.Best-corrected visual acuity(logMAR)in treated eyes(18 eyes)improved to 0.31±0.25 from the baseline of 1.50±0.75(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:PEHCR is a variant of PCV.Chinese patients with PEHCR have a relatively younger age of onset.Anti-VEGF injections and/or vitrectomy are treatment options for lesion regression or dense VH to gain better visual outcomes.展开更多
Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are...Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are not clear.This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying cucumber/pumpkin grafting compatibility.Two pumpkin cultivars with significant differences in compatibility,Figleaf gourd(compatible rootstock,Cf)and Dongyangshenli(incompatible rootstock,Cmo),were used as rootstocks.Three cucumber cultivars with different growth rates were used as scions,including cucumber‘Shenluchunsi’(strong growth,V1),‘Cuilü’(weak growth,V2),and‘Liangyoulüjian 102’(medium growth,V3).Six grafting combinations(V1/Cf,V2/Cf,V3/Cf,V1/Cmo,V2/Cmo,and V3/Cmo)were used to analyze the effect of scion and rootstock varieties,as well as the chemical composition of the exudate from the stem cutting surface,on the compatibility of grafted plants.Here,we found that rootstock was closely correlated with the compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.The sucrose content in the exudate of the stem,enzyme activity,and the expression of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis in Cmo were significantly higher than those in Cf.Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content difference between the exudate of rootstock and scion stems was negatively correlated with graft compatibility.Exogenous treatment with a 0.5%sucrose solution on the scions significantly reduced the difference in sucrose content between rootstock and scion and enhanced graft survival rate in the incompatible combination.The stem segment grafting experiment in vitro found that the high difference in sucrose concentration between the rootstock and scion decreased the grafting compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin by reducing the adhesion of the cutting surface.Taken together,the higher sucrose concentration difference between rootstock and scion decreased the adhesion of the cutting surface,resulting in the incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.展开更多
To the Editor:Chylothorax is a serious disease characterized by rupture of the thoracic tube and milky exudation from the pleural cavity,which can lead to a variety of pathological symptoms and is life threatening[1]....To the Editor:Chylothorax is a serious disease characterized by rupture of the thoracic tube and milky exudation from the pleural cavity,which can lead to a variety of pathological symptoms and is life threatening[1].Chylothorax is common after thoracic surgery or trauma.The non-traumatic chylothorax is rare in the clinical practice,and the etiology is complex and often associated with the primary disease[2].Chylothorax is a rare complication of patients with advanced cirrhosis[3],most of which are manifested as dyspnea,cough,chest pain,and the medical treatment effect is relatively poor.We performed orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)in a patient with advanced cirrhosis combined with massive chylothorax and chyloperitoneum.The 2-year follow-up showed that the patient’s liver function was stable and no recurrence of chylothorax.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although inflammatory diseases commonly affect the pleura and pleural space,their mechanisms of action remain unclear.The presence of several mediators emphasizes the concept of pleural inflammation.Adenosi...BACKGROUND Although inflammatory diseases commonly affect the pleura and pleural space,their mechanisms of action remain unclear.The presence of several mediators emphasizes the concept of pleural inflammation.Adenosine deaminase(ADA)is an inflammatory mediator detected at increased levels in the pleural fluid.AIM To determine the role of total pleural ADA(P-ADA)levels in the diagnosis of pleural inflammatory diseases.METHODS 157 patients with inflammatory pleural effusion(exudates,n=124,79%)and noninflammatory pleural effusion(transudates,n=33,21%)were included in this observational retrospective cohort study.The P-ADA assay was tested using a kinetic technique.The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).The ideal cutoff value for P-ADA in pleural inflammation was determined using the Youden index in the ROC curve.RESULTS The transudates included congestive heart failure(n=26),cirrhosis of the liver with ascites(n=3),chronic renal failure(n=3),and low total protein levels(n=1).The exudate cases included tuberculosis(n=44),adenocarcinoma(n=37),simple parapneumonic effusions(n=15),complicated parapneumonic effusions/empyema(n=8),lymphoma(n=7),and other diseases(n=13).The optimal cutoff value of P-ADA was≥9.00 U/L.The diagnostic parameters as sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values,positive and negative likelihood values,odds ratio,and accuracy were 77.69(95%CI:69.22-84.75);68.75(95%CI:49.99-83.88);90.38 and 44.90(95%CI:83.03-95.29;30.67-59.77);2.48 and 0.32(95%CI:2.21-11.2;0.27-0.51);7.65(95%CI:0.78-18.34),and 75.82(95%CI:68.24-82.37),respectively(χ^(2)=29.51,P=0.00001).An AUC value of 0.8107(95%CI:0.7174-0.8754;P=0.0000)was clinically useful.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed excellent discrimination.CONCLUSION P-ADA biomarker has high diagnostic performance for pleural inflammatory exudates.展开更多
Escalating anthropogenic activities have caused heavy metal contamination in the environmental matrices.Due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature,their occurrence in high titers in the environment can threaten surviv...Escalating anthropogenic activities have caused heavy metal contamination in the environmental matrices.Due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature,their occurrence in high titers in the environment can threaten survival of biotic components.To take the edge off,remediation of metal-contaminated sites by phytoremediators that exhibit a potential to withstand heavy metal stress and quench harmful metals is considered an eco-sustainable approach.Despite the enormous potential,phytoremediation technique suffers a setback owing to high metal concentrations,occurrence of multiple pollutants,low plant biomass,and soil physicochemical status that affect plants at cellular and molecular levels,inducing morphological,physiological,and genetic alterations.Nevertheless,augmentation of soil with microorganisms can alleviate the challenge.A positive nexus between microbes,particularly plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs),and phytoremediators can prevent phytotoxicity and augment phytoremediation by employing strategies such as production of secondary metabolites,solubilization of phosphate,and synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)deaminase and phytohormones.Microbes can mediate tolerance in plants by fortifying their antioxidant machinery,which maintains redox homeostasis and alleviates metal-induced oxidative damage in the plants.Associated microbes can also activate stress-responsive genes in plants and abridge metal-induced toxic effects.An in-depth exploration of the mechanisms employed by plant-associated microbes to trigger tolerance in phytoremediators is crucial for improving their phytoremediation potential and real-world applications.The present article attempts to comprehensively review these mechanisms that eventually facilitate the development of improved/new technology for soil ecosystem restoration.展开更多
Dear Editor,We describe a case diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex(ePVAC)successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation(577 nm),achieving a favorable prognosis with best-corrected vi...Dear Editor,We describe a case diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex(ePVAC)successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation(577 nm),achieving a favorable prognosis with best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of 20/20.Additionally,we discussed the identification of a possible early-onset non-ePVAC.The ePVAC is characterized as an isolated,aneurysmal abnormity near the macula and usually accompanied by cystic macular edema(ME)[1-2].展开更多
Rhizoremediation has emerged as a burgeoning approach for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons(PHCs)from soil,with a primary emphasis on terrestrial plant systems.However,the mechanism of how soil microbiomes influen...Rhizoremediation has emerged as a burgeoning approach for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons(PHCs)from soil,with a primary emphasis on terrestrial plant systems.However,the mechanism of how soil microbiomes influence the dissipation of PHCs within a hygrophyte planting system has yet to be fully elucidated.This work concentrated on the potential evolution of soil microbiomes and their effects on PHC dissipation within the Suaeda salsa(L.)Pall.planting system in a pot experiment.Two representative compounds,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and n-alkanes,were used as target PHCs.The findings revealed a significant efficiency in the dissipation of PHCs in soil with Suaeda salsa cultivation,particularly with respect to n-alkanes.The high dissipation efficiency of PHCs was the synergistic result of root accumulation and microbial biodegradation.The key microbes involved in PHC dissipation were revealed,with the dominant phylum Proteobacteria and genus Salinimicrobium.The alterations in microbial diversity and abundance were closely associated with root exudation and PHC exposure.Significant differences in enzyme activities,an indicator of soil health and fertility,were observed between the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils,which was attributed to root exudation.This study offers novel insights into the phytoremediation potential for Suaeda in PHC-contaminated soils and serves as a valuable scientific reference for the phytoremediation of such soils.展开更多
Currently,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is distributed extensively across the Chinese Loess Plateau.Root exudates released by Robinia pseudoacacia L.are one of the mechanisms through which Robinia pseudoacacia L.affects soil...Currently,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is distributed extensively across the Chinese Loess Plateau.Root exudates released by Robinia pseudoacacia L.are one of the mechanisms through which Robinia pseudoacacia L.affects soil properties.However,how root exudates influencethe hydraulic properties of soil remains unclear,especially for fine-grained soils.This knowledge gap impedes a comprehensive understanding of the function of vegetation in wastewater treatment,ecological restoration,and seepage analysis.To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of the root exudates of Robinia pseudoacacia L.on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess(a fine-grainedsoil),the saturated hydraulic conductivity,bound water content,grain size distribution,and microstructure characteristics of loess treated with root exudates at varying concentrations were determined in this study through a series of tests.The results show that the mean saturated hydraulic conductivities of the loess specimens with root exudates are all lower than those without root exudates.This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the capacity of root exudates to directly and indirectly increase the bound water content,leading to a decrease in the effective seepage channels of the loess.For loess with/without root exudates,the variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity over time can be divided into three stages:an initial constant stage,a rapid reduction stage,and a re-stabilization stage.This is primarily attributed to the migration of particles within a specifiedsize range(7-30μm)and pore-clogging in the specimens during the seepage process.A schematic diagram is proposed for the structural evolution of fine-grained soil with or without root exudates during long-term seepage.展开更多
Increasing soil phosphorus(P)availability and plant P uptake are potential approaches to alleviate low P stress in plants and mitigate P resource shortages.Application of fulvic acid(FA)in soil is observed to increase...Increasing soil phosphorus(P)availability and plant P uptake are potential approaches to alleviate low P stress in plants and mitigate P resource shortages.Application of fulvic acid(FA)in soil is observed to increase plant growth and P uptake.However,the biological mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown.In this study,based on a three-year field experiment,multi-omics analyses were performed to reveal the effects of FA on rice growth and P uptake,the expression of P transporter genes,root exudates,and rhizosphere bacterial communities in a P-deficient soil.The results showed that FA application significantly promoted rice growth and P absorption under P deficiency,in association with the upregulation of P transporter genes expression and increased rhizosphere P mobilization.FA increased the transformation of non-labile to labile P in the rhizosphere by increasing the secretion of Pdissolving exudates and changing a rhizosphere bacterial community with high P-mobilization capacity,and the variations in the rhizosphere bacterial community were coupled with those of the root exudates,especially glutamylproline,tryptophanamide,5-chloro-2′-deoxyuridine,L-menthyl(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate,and 2,7-diamino-7-iminoheptanoic acid.These findings reveal the multiple positive effects of FA on rice P uptake and indicate the potential utilization of FA in increasing P utilization in rice production.展开更多
With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared...With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared at the seedling stage.P-efficient cultivars showed root morphological adaptation,high P uptake activity,and greater phospholipid degradation under low P stress.Improving root morphological adaptation and reducing lipid-P allocation could allow increasing PUE in rapeseed seedlings.展开更多
Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice...Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice rhizosheath development and shoot water relations at seedling stage in drying soil are unclear.Wild-type(WT)seedlings with root hairs and its root hairless mutant rth2 were watered every 2 or 4 d,with root hair,whole root and shoot traits determined.Less frequent irrigation significantly increased rhizosheath of both genotypes by 14%during the seedling stage.Although root exudates from rth2 adhered 54%more soil than WT,facilitating rhizosheath development,root hairs and 25%greater lateral root proliferation of WT seedlings allowed 48%more rhizosheath especially in older seedlings.Greater root hair length,root hair length density and root hair number/root surface area on lateral than axial roots especially enhanced WT rhizosheath development.Soil water deficit increased root and leaf ABA concentrations especially in WT seedlings,causing stomatal closure that contributed to increased leaf water potential.In 36-d-old seedlings,10%greater shoot biomass of WT plants than rth2 accompanied 15%higher root and 36%higher foliar ABA concentrations and ultimately lower stomatal conductance.Higher ABA concentrations of WT plants at the same soil moisture suggested root hairs may be important in mediating shoot water status of rice seedlings.展开更多
Secondary trauma, resulting in undesirable injury and bleeding during wound dressing treatment, which will cause the treatment of chronic wounds ineffective. The medical cotton gauzes often bring strong adhesion due t...Secondary trauma, resulting in undesirable injury and bleeding during wound dressing treatment, which will cause the treatment of chronic wounds ineffective. The medical cotton gauzes often bring strong adhesion due to the exudates absorbed and clots formed. Conversely, the easily detachable wound dressings neglect the wound seepage management, rendering them ineffective in facing the complexities of chronic wounds. To address this challenge, we propose a novel draining anti-adhesion dressings(DAD) by constructing the hydrophilic microchannels array on the superhydrophobic dressing. The superhydrophobic areas facilitate stable wound fiuid repellence leading to achieve the anti-adhesion(18.7% detachment energy of cotton) and the microchannel array ensures the transportation of excess exudates(>92%) by the capillary force. Notably, our dressing demonstrates a significant healing-promoting in a chronic wound model in rats. The development of such dressings holds promise for advancing wound care practices and addressing the unique challenges posed by chronic wounds, offering a valuable solution for improved clinical outcomes.展开更多
Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-ter...Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.展开更多
[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and dis...[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.展开更多
In 2000 and 2001, 1-year-old seedlings of 7 economic tree species including chestnut, apricot, persimmon, peach, walnut, pear and apple were cultured in garden pots that had a diameter of 40 cm and were filled with cl...In 2000 and 2001, 1-year-old seedlings of 7 economic tree species including chestnut, apricot, persimmon, peach, walnut, pear and apple were cultured in garden pots that had a diameter of 40 cm and were filled with clean sand. The major components of exudates released from their roots were isolated and analysed by GC-MS. Totally 200 kinds of organic chemicals were isolated, of which 3 kinds i.e. naphthalene, dimethylbenzene and dibutyl phthalate were principally controlled pollutants according to 'Blacklist of Principal Environment Pollutants in China' and the standard of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The research result provided theoretical evidence for selecting low-pollution economic forest crops in the water source protection area in Miyun Reservoir.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of climate and soil on the content of surface trichome exudates from fresh flue-cured leaves. [Method] The experiment was conducted in 2009 in Longgang, Weining and Tianzhu ...[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of climate and soil on the content of surface trichome exudates from fresh flue-cured leaves. [Method] The experiment was conducted in 2009 in Longgang, Weining and Tianzhu of Guizhou Province with flue-cured tobacco variety Yun 85. Mature tobacco leaves were taken from lower, middle and upper plant positions respectively and major cuticular com-ponents of the leaves were extracted with methylene chloride and their chemical compositions were analyzed with GC-MS. [Result] The result showed that there was large difference among trichome exudates of leaves grown under different climatic conditions. The leaf trichome exudates from Tianzhu were quite higher than those from Weining and Longgang, and trichome exudates difference between Tianzhu and Longgang was significant. Soil conditions had considerable effect on the content of tobacco leaf surface trichome exudates, leaf from Longgang soil had highest con-tent, fol owed by Tianzhu soil leaf, Weining soil leaf had lowest content. Under vari-ous climatic conditions, the contents of leaf trichome exudates of same soil were in-consistent, indicating the presence of certain climate and soil factor interaction; The contents of leaf trichome exudates from four cultivars in Longgang showed large difference, Nanjiang 3 was the lowest, fol owed by K326, Guiyan 201 was high, and Yunyan85 the highest. The content of leaf trichome exudates of Yunyan85 was more than two times of that of Nanjiang 3. [Conclusion] The Effect of climate factor on the content of leaf trichome exudates was greater than that of cultivar, which was then larger than soil condition.展开更多
A glasshouse experiment was conducted using a root-bag technique to study the root exudates, rhizosphere Zn fractions, and Zn concentrations and accumulations of two ryegrass cultivars （Lolium perenne L. cvs. Airs an...A glasshouse experiment was conducted using a root-bag technique to study the root exudates, rhizosphere Zn fractions, and Zn concentrations and accumulations of two ryegrass cultivars （Lolium perenne L. cvs. Airs and Tede） at different soil Zn levels （0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mmol kg^-1 soil）. Results indicated that plant growth of the two cultivars was not advérsely affected at soil Zn level ≤ 8 mmol kg^-1. Plants accumulated more Zn as soil Zn levels increased, and Zn concentrations of shoots were about 540 μg g^-1 in Aris and 583.9 μg g^-1 in Tede in response to 16 mmol Zn kg^-1 soil. Zn ratios of shoots to roots across the soil Zn levels were higher in Tede than in Airs, corresponding with higher rhizosphere available Zn fractions （exchangeable, bound to manganese oxides, and bound to organic matter） in Airs than in Tede. Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids （oxalic, tartaric, malic, and succinic acids） and amino acids （proline, threonine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, etc.） were detected in root exudates, and the concentrations of LMW organic acids and amino acids increased with addition of 4 mmol Zn kg^-1 soil compared with zero Zn addition. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, phenylalanine, leucine, and proline in Tede than in Airs likely resulted in increased Zn uptake from the soil by Tede than by Airs. The results suggested that genotypic differences in Zn accumulations were mainly because of different root exudates and rhizosphere Zn fractions.展开更多
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain...Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can produce secondary metabolites （iturin and bacillomycin D） effectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. In this study, the ability of a bio-organic fertilizer （BIO） containing strain W19 to promote plant growth and suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana was evaluated in both pot and field experiments. The results showed that application of BIO significantly promoted the growth and fruit yield of banana while suppressing the banana Fusariurn wilt disease. To further determine the beneficial mechanisms of the strain, the colonization of green fluorescent protein-tagged strain W19 on banana roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of banana root exudates on the formation of biofilm of strain W19 indicated that the banana root exudates may enhance colonization. In addition, the strain W19 was able to produce indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, a plant growth-promoting hormone. The results of these experiments revealed that the application of strain W19-enriched BIO improved the banana root colonization of strain W19 and growth of banana and suppressed the Fusarium wilt. The PGPR strain W19 can be a useful biocontrol agent for the production of banana under field conditions.展开更多
基金Funded by Chongqing Key Scientific and Technological Project (No. CSTC2007AB1045)Chinese Key Scientific and Technological Project (No. 2006BAD13B03)
文摘The phosphorus uptake （PU） in above-ground parts of plant, root characteristics and root exudations as well as the quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with these characteristics were determined for a F2：3 population derived from the cross of two contrasting maize （Zea mays L.） genotypes, 082 and Yel07. A total of 241 F2：3 families were evaluated in replicated trials under deficient phosphorus conditions in 2007 at two sites （Kaixian County and Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China）. The results show pleiotropy and close linkage among QTLs. Four common regions in different environments were in bnlg100- bnlg1268b （bins 1.02） for QTL of H＋, bnlg1268a-umc1290a （bins 1.09） for QTL of AP （acid phospbatase activity）, dupssrl5- P 1MT/a （bins 6.06） for QTLs of PU （phosphorus uptake） and RW （root weight）, and P IM3/d-P1M3/g （bins9.04） for QTLs of PU and AP. These QTLs are non-environment or minor QTLs x environment. By epistatic analysis, three main QTLs and eighteen QTLs x QTLs interactions were detected for the seven measured characteristics. These QTLs may affect trait expression by epistatic interaction with the other loci, and make a substantial contribution to phosphorus utilization efficiency, which should be considered when breeding maize varieties with high P efficiency. Two regions were detected in dupssrl 5- P1MT/a （bins 6.06） for QTL of RW and P1M3/d- P 1M3/g （bins 9.04） for QTL of PU and AP. They were detected in two different environments and by two methods of QTL analysis, which were useful for marker-assisted selection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82220108017,No.82141128)The Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2024-1-2052)+1 种基金Science&Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z201100005520045)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202311018)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and outcome of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy(PEHCR),a variant of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy(PCV),in a case series of Chinese patients.METHODS:This study was retrospectively conducted from September 2018 to March 2025.Clinical examinations included color fundus photography,B-scan ultrasonography,fluorescein angiography(FA),indocyanine green angiography(ICGA),swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT),and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and two active or inactive subgroups and misdiagnosed cases were analyzed.RESULTS:Totally 19 patients(21 eyes)with a mean age of 54.3±9.4(range,36–68)y were included,with a majority of women(n=13,68.4%).The mean follow-up period was 13±1.4(range:1–57)mo.Decreased visual acuity was the most frequent initial manifestation(17 eyes,84.2%),and lesions were mainly distributed in the inferotemporal or temporal quadrant(14 eyes,66.7%),with choroidal polyps and branching neovascular networks revealed by OCTA and ICGA.Nine patients had been previously misdiagnosed with choroidal melanoma,and 6 of them had massive vitreous hemorrhage(VH).PEHCR manifested along a spectrum ranging from active or inactive subretinal hemorrhagic forms to chronic fibrotic or atrophic forms.One patient experienced natural regression.Ten eyes received a mean of 4.7±1.1(range:3–7)intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections,two eyes underwent vitrectomy,and six eyes were treated with vitrectomy combined with anti-VEGF therapy.Best-corrected visual acuity(logMAR)in treated eyes(18 eyes)improved to 0.31±0.25 from the baseline of 1.50±0.75(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:PEHCR is a variant of PCV.Chinese patients with PEHCR have a relatively younger age of onset.Anti-VEGF injections and/or vitrectomy are treatment options for lesion regression or dense VH to gain better visual outcomes.
基金supported by grants from the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.22CX8NA030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272793)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23).
文摘Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are not clear.This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying cucumber/pumpkin grafting compatibility.Two pumpkin cultivars with significant differences in compatibility,Figleaf gourd(compatible rootstock,Cf)and Dongyangshenli(incompatible rootstock,Cmo),were used as rootstocks.Three cucumber cultivars with different growth rates were used as scions,including cucumber‘Shenluchunsi’(strong growth,V1),‘Cuilü’(weak growth,V2),and‘Liangyoulüjian 102’(medium growth,V3).Six grafting combinations(V1/Cf,V2/Cf,V3/Cf,V1/Cmo,V2/Cmo,and V3/Cmo)were used to analyze the effect of scion and rootstock varieties,as well as the chemical composition of the exudate from the stem cutting surface,on the compatibility of grafted plants.Here,we found that rootstock was closely correlated with the compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.The sucrose content in the exudate of the stem,enzyme activity,and the expression of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis in Cmo were significantly higher than those in Cf.Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content difference between the exudate of rootstock and scion stems was negatively correlated with graft compatibility.Exogenous treatment with a 0.5%sucrose solution on the scions significantly reduced the difference in sucrose content between rootstock and scion and enhanced graft survival rate in the incompatible combination.The stem segment grafting experiment in vitro found that the high difference in sucrose concentration between the rootstock and scion decreased the grafting compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin by reducing the adhesion of the cutting surface.Taken together,the higher sucrose concentration difference between rootstock and scion decreased the adhesion of the cutting surface,resulting in the incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.
基金supported by grants from the Clinical Research and Development Program of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(LCYF 202205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370671)。
文摘To the Editor:Chylothorax is a serious disease characterized by rupture of the thoracic tube and milky exudation from the pleural cavity,which can lead to a variety of pathological symptoms and is life threatening[1].Chylothorax is common after thoracic surgery or trauma.The non-traumatic chylothorax is rare in the clinical practice,and the etiology is complex and often associated with the primary disease[2].Chylothorax is a rare complication of patients with advanced cirrhosis[3],most of which are manifested as dyspnea,cough,chest pain,and the medical treatment effect is relatively poor.We performed orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)in a patient with advanced cirrhosis combined with massive chylothorax and chyloperitoneum.The 2-year follow-up showed that the patient’s liver function was stable and no recurrence of chylothorax.
文摘BACKGROUND Although inflammatory diseases commonly affect the pleura and pleural space,their mechanisms of action remain unclear.The presence of several mediators emphasizes the concept of pleural inflammation.Adenosine deaminase(ADA)is an inflammatory mediator detected at increased levels in the pleural fluid.AIM To determine the role of total pleural ADA(P-ADA)levels in the diagnosis of pleural inflammatory diseases.METHODS 157 patients with inflammatory pleural effusion(exudates,n=124,79%)and noninflammatory pleural effusion(transudates,n=33,21%)were included in this observational retrospective cohort study.The P-ADA assay was tested using a kinetic technique.The performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC).The ideal cutoff value for P-ADA in pleural inflammation was determined using the Youden index in the ROC curve.RESULTS The transudates included congestive heart failure(n=26),cirrhosis of the liver with ascites(n=3),chronic renal failure(n=3),and low total protein levels(n=1).The exudate cases included tuberculosis(n=44),adenocarcinoma(n=37),simple parapneumonic effusions(n=15),complicated parapneumonic effusions/empyema(n=8),lymphoma(n=7),and other diseases(n=13).The optimal cutoff value of P-ADA was≥9.00 U/L.The diagnostic parameters as sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive values,positive and negative likelihood values,odds ratio,and accuracy were 77.69(95%CI:69.22-84.75);68.75(95%CI:49.99-83.88);90.38 and 44.90(95%CI:83.03-95.29;30.67-59.77);2.48 and 0.32(95%CI:2.21-11.2;0.27-0.51);7.65(95%CI:0.78-18.34),and 75.82(95%CI:68.24-82.37),respectively(χ^(2)=29.51,P=0.00001).An AUC value of 0.8107(95%CI:0.7174-0.8754;P=0.0000)was clinically useful.The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed excellent discrimination.CONCLUSION P-ADA biomarker has high diagnostic performance for pleural inflammatory exudates.
基金the financial support from the project of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation on the Young Scientist Laboratory within the framework of the Interregional Scientific and Educational Center of the South of Russia(No.FENW-2024-0001)the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University,Russia(Priority 2030)the Science and Engineering Research Board,Govt.of India for providing financial assistance(SERB/EEQ/2021/000735)。
文摘Escalating anthropogenic activities have caused heavy metal contamination in the environmental matrices.Due to their recalcitrant and toxic nature,their occurrence in high titers in the environment can threaten survival of biotic components.To take the edge off,remediation of metal-contaminated sites by phytoremediators that exhibit a potential to withstand heavy metal stress and quench harmful metals is considered an eco-sustainable approach.Despite the enormous potential,phytoremediation technique suffers a setback owing to high metal concentrations,occurrence of multiple pollutants,low plant biomass,and soil physicochemical status that affect plants at cellular and molecular levels,inducing morphological,physiological,and genetic alterations.Nevertheless,augmentation of soil with microorganisms can alleviate the challenge.A positive nexus between microbes,particularly plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPMs),and phytoremediators can prevent phytotoxicity and augment phytoremediation by employing strategies such as production of secondary metabolites,solubilization of phosphate,and synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)deaminase and phytohormones.Microbes can mediate tolerance in plants by fortifying their antioxidant machinery,which maintains redox homeostasis and alleviates metal-induced oxidative damage in the plants.Associated microbes can also activate stress-responsive genes in plants and abridge metal-induced toxic effects.An in-depth exploration of the mechanisms employed by plant-associated microbes to trigger tolerance in phytoremediators is crucial for improving their phytoremediation potential and real-world applications.The present article attempts to comprehensively review these mechanisms that eventually facilitate the development of improved/new technology for soil ecosystem restoration.
基金Supported by the 1.3.5 Project of West China Hospital of Sichuan University(No.2023HXFH043)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(No.24NSFSC1718).
文摘Dear Editor,We describe a case diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex(ePVAC)successfully treated with focal laser photocoagulation(577 nm),achieving a favorable prognosis with best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of 20/20.Additionally,we discussed the identification of a possible early-onset non-ePVAC.The ePVAC is characterized as an isolated,aneurysmal abnormity near the macula and usually accompanied by cystic macular edema(ME)[1-2].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176025 and 22136007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3701404)the Petro China Innovation Foundation(No.D2019-5007-0502)。
文摘Rhizoremediation has emerged as a burgeoning approach for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons(PHCs)from soil,with a primary emphasis on terrestrial plant systems.However,the mechanism of how soil microbiomes influence the dissipation of PHCs within a hygrophyte planting system has yet to be fully elucidated.This work concentrated on the potential evolution of soil microbiomes and their effects on PHC dissipation within the Suaeda salsa(L.)Pall.planting system in a pot experiment.Two representative compounds,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and n-alkanes,were used as target PHCs.The findings revealed a significant efficiency in the dissipation of PHCs in soil with Suaeda salsa cultivation,particularly with respect to n-alkanes.The high dissipation efficiency of PHCs was the synergistic result of root accumulation and microbial biodegradation.The key microbes involved in PHC dissipation were revealed,with the dominant phylum Proteobacteria and genus Salinimicrobium.The alterations in microbial diversity and abundance were closely associated with root exudation and PHC exposure.Significant differences in enzyme activities,an indicator of soil health and fertility,were observed between the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils,which was attributed to root exudation.This study offers novel insights into the phytoremediation potential for Suaeda in PHC-contaminated soils and serves as a valuable scientific reference for the phytoremediation of such soils.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42007251 and 42027806)the Doctoral Dissertation Cultivation Project of Northwest University(Grant No.YB2024016).
文摘Currently,Robinia pseudoacacia L.is distributed extensively across the Chinese Loess Plateau.Root exudates released by Robinia pseudoacacia L.are one of the mechanisms through which Robinia pseudoacacia L.affects soil properties.However,how root exudates influencethe hydraulic properties of soil remains unclear,especially for fine-grained soils.This knowledge gap impedes a comprehensive understanding of the function of vegetation in wastewater treatment,ecological restoration,and seepage analysis.To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of the root exudates of Robinia pseudoacacia L.on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess(a fine-grainedsoil),the saturated hydraulic conductivity,bound water content,grain size distribution,and microstructure characteristics of loess treated with root exudates at varying concentrations were determined in this study through a series of tests.The results show that the mean saturated hydraulic conductivities of the loess specimens with root exudates are all lower than those without root exudates.This phenomenon can be attributed primarily to the capacity of root exudates to directly and indirectly increase the bound water content,leading to a decrease in the effective seepage channels of the loess.For loess with/without root exudates,the variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity over time can be divided into three stages:an initial constant stage,a rapid reduction stage,and a re-stabilization stage.This is primarily attributed to the migration of particles within a specifiedsize range(7-30μm)and pore-clogging in the specimens during the seepage process.A schematic diagram is proposed for the structural evolution of fine-grained soil with or without root exudates during long-term seepage.
基金supported by the Higher Education Scientific Research Project of the Anhui Province(Natural Sciences)(2023AH051039)Anhui Provincial Natural Resources Science and Technology Project(2023-K-4)+1 种基金the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2023YFD1902300)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2108085QC123).
文摘Increasing soil phosphorus(P)availability and plant P uptake are potential approaches to alleviate low P stress in plants and mitigate P resource shortages.Application of fulvic acid(FA)in soil is observed to increase plant growth and P uptake.However,the biological mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown.In this study,based on a three-year field experiment,multi-omics analyses were performed to reveal the effects of FA on rice growth and P uptake,the expression of P transporter genes,root exudates,and rhizosphere bacterial communities in a P-deficient soil.The results showed that FA application significantly promoted rice growth and P absorption under P deficiency,in association with the upregulation of P transporter genes expression and increased rhizosphere P mobilization.FA increased the transformation of non-labile to labile P in the rhizosphere by increasing the secretion of Pdissolving exudates and changing a rhizosphere bacterial community with high P-mobilization capacity,and the variations in the rhizosphere bacterial community were coupled with those of the root exudates,especially glutamylproline,tryptophanamide,5-chloro-2′-deoxyuridine,L-menthyl(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate,and 2,7-diamino-7-iminoheptanoic acid.These findings reveal the multiple positive effects of FA on rice P uptake and indicate the potential utilization of FA in increasing P utilization in rice production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2301200)National Nature Science Foundation of China(32172662).
文摘With the objective of investigating the basis of phosphorus(P)utilization efficiency(PUE),physiological and morphological traits,two P-efficient and two P-inefficient rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)cultivars were compared at the seedling stage.P-efficient cultivars showed root morphological adaptation,high P uptake activity,and greater phospholipid degradation under low P stress.Improving root morphological adaptation and reducing lipid-P allocation could allow increasing PUE in rapeseed seedlings.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071943, 31872853, 31871557)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Yangzhou University (JS-2020-217)+3 种基金Zhejiang A&F University Research Development Fund (2023LFR003)in receipt of a Newton Advanced Fellowship (NA160430)the European Union SHui Project (773903)the GCRF RECIRCULATE (ES/P010857/1) Project
文摘Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice rhizosheath development and shoot water relations at seedling stage in drying soil are unclear.Wild-type(WT)seedlings with root hairs and its root hairless mutant rth2 were watered every 2 or 4 d,with root hair,whole root and shoot traits determined.Less frequent irrigation significantly increased rhizosheath of both genotypes by 14%during the seedling stage.Although root exudates from rth2 adhered 54%more soil than WT,facilitating rhizosheath development,root hairs and 25%greater lateral root proliferation of WT seedlings allowed 48%more rhizosheath especially in older seedlings.Greater root hair length,root hair length density and root hair number/root surface area on lateral than axial roots especially enhanced WT rhizosheath development.Soil water deficit increased root and leaf ABA concentrations especially in WT seedlings,causing stomatal closure that contributed to increased leaf water potential.In 36-d-old seedlings,10%greater shoot biomass of WT plants than rth2 accompanied 15%higher root and 36%higher foliar ABA concentrations and ultimately lower stomatal conductance.Higher ABA concentrations of WT plants at the same soil moisture suggested root hairs may be important in mediating shoot water status of rice seedlings.
基金funding support by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22275028, 22325201, 52103136 and 22205033)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No. JCYJ20210324142210027)+2 种基金the Sichuan Outstanding Young Scholars Foundation (No. 2021JDJQ0013)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2023JDRC0081)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. ZYGX2021YGCX009 and ZYGX2021YGLH207)。
文摘Secondary trauma, resulting in undesirable injury and bleeding during wound dressing treatment, which will cause the treatment of chronic wounds ineffective. The medical cotton gauzes often bring strong adhesion due to the exudates absorbed and clots formed. Conversely, the easily detachable wound dressings neglect the wound seepage management, rendering them ineffective in facing the complexities of chronic wounds. To address this challenge, we propose a novel draining anti-adhesion dressings(DAD) by constructing the hydrophilic microchannels array on the superhydrophobic dressing. The superhydrophobic areas facilitate stable wound fiuid repellence leading to achieve the anti-adhesion(18.7% detachment energy of cotton) and the microchannel array ensures the transportation of excess exudates(>92%) by the capillary force. Notably, our dressing demonstrates a significant healing-promoting in a chronic wound model in rats. The development of such dressings holds promise for advancing wound care practices and addressing the unique challenges posed by chronic wounds, offering a valuable solution for improved clinical outcomes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2604500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171662,32471753 and 32171666)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning(2020-MS-199).
文摘Exotic plant invasions and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration have been determined to independently affect soil nematodes,a key component of soil biota.However,little is known about the long-term effects of these two global change factors and their interactive effects.Over three consecutive years,we cultivated invasive alien plant Xanthium strumarium and its two phylogenetically related natives under both ambient(aCO_(2))and elevated(eCO_(2))atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,and determined the effects of the invader and natives on soil nematodes under different CO_(2)concentrations and the relevant mechanism.The abundance of total soil nematodes and that of the dominant trophic group(herbivores)were significantly affected by plant species and CO_(2)concentration,and these effects were dependent on the experimental duration,however,the Shannon-diversity of nematodes was not affected by these factors.Under aCO_(2),both invasive and native species significantly increased the total nematode abundance and that of the dominant trophic group with increasing experimental duration,and the amplitude of the increase was greater under the invader relative to the natives.The eCO_(2)increased total nematode abundance(second year)and that of the dominant trophic group(third year)under the invader,but not under the natives(or even decreased)with increasing experimental duration.Root litter had greater effects on soil nematode abundance than leaf litter and root exudates did.This study indicates that eCO_(2)would aggravate effects of invasive plants on soil nematodes by increasing abundance,and these effects would vary with the duration.
基金Supported by National"973" Project(2011CB100400)~~
文摘[Objectives] This paper aims to explore the possibility to intercrop garlic with pomegranate tree to control pomegranate wilt.[Methods] Root exudates of garlic is cultivated in 1/5 concentration of MS solution and distilled water is examined in lab to test their effect to growth of mycelia of pomegranate wilt pathogen（Ceratocystis fimbriata）and multiplication of Bacillus subtilis.[Results] The result shows that garlic root exudates whatever cultivated in MS solution or distilled water could not inhibit or promote mycelia growth of C.fimbriata.However,garlic root exudates cultivated in both methods effectively promote multiplication of B.subtilis.[Conclusions] It is suggested that intercropping garlic with pomegranate tree by combining application B.subtilis could be a promising way to prevent pomegranate wilt spread in practice.
基金The study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing to Wang Yuzhu (No. 6992013).
文摘In 2000 and 2001, 1-year-old seedlings of 7 economic tree species including chestnut, apricot, persimmon, peach, walnut, pear and apple were cultured in garden pots that had a diameter of 40 cm and were filled with clean sand. The major components of exudates released from their roots were isolated and analysed by GC-MS. Totally 200 kinds of organic chemicals were isolated, of which 3 kinds i.e. naphthalene, dimethylbenzene and dibutyl phthalate were principally controlled pollutants according to 'Blacklist of Principal Environment Pollutants in China' and the standard of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The research result provided theoretical evidence for selecting low-pollution economic forest crops in the water source protection area in Miyun Reservoir.
基金Key Science and Technology Program of Guizhou TobaccoResearch and Development of Characteristic Tobacco in Guizhou(2007-04)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of climate and soil on the content of surface trichome exudates from fresh flue-cured leaves. [Method] The experiment was conducted in 2009 in Longgang, Weining and Tianzhu of Guizhou Province with flue-cured tobacco variety Yun 85. Mature tobacco leaves were taken from lower, middle and upper plant positions respectively and major cuticular com-ponents of the leaves were extracted with methylene chloride and their chemical compositions were analyzed with GC-MS. [Result] The result showed that there was large difference among trichome exudates of leaves grown under different climatic conditions. The leaf trichome exudates from Tianzhu were quite higher than those from Weining and Longgang, and trichome exudates difference between Tianzhu and Longgang was significant. Soil conditions had considerable effect on the content of tobacco leaf surface trichome exudates, leaf from Longgang soil had highest con-tent, fol owed by Tianzhu soil leaf, Weining soil leaf had lowest content. Under vari-ous climatic conditions, the contents of leaf trichome exudates of same soil were in-consistent, indicating the presence of certain climate and soil factor interaction; The contents of leaf trichome exudates from four cultivars in Longgang showed large difference, Nanjiang 3 was the lowest, fol owed by K326, Guiyan 201 was high, and Yunyan85 the highest. The content of leaf trichome exudates of Yunyan85 was more than two times of that of Nanjiang 3. [Conclusion] The Effect of climate factor on the content of leaf trichome exudates was greater than that of cultivar, which was then larger than soil condition.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20477032).
文摘A glasshouse experiment was conducted using a root-bag technique to study the root exudates, rhizosphere Zn fractions, and Zn concentrations and accumulations of two ryegrass cultivars （Lolium perenne L. cvs. Airs and Tede） at different soil Zn levels （0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mmol kg^-1 soil）. Results indicated that plant growth of the two cultivars was not advérsely affected at soil Zn level ≤ 8 mmol kg^-1. Plants accumulated more Zn as soil Zn levels increased, and Zn concentrations of shoots were about 540 μg g^-1 in Aris and 583.9 μg g^-1 in Tede in response to 16 mmol Zn kg^-1 soil. Zn ratios of shoots to roots across the soil Zn levels were higher in Tede than in Airs, corresponding with higher rhizosphere available Zn fractions （exchangeable, bound to manganese oxides, and bound to organic matter） in Airs than in Tede. Low-molecular-weight （LMW） organic acids （oxalic, tartaric, malic, and succinic acids） and amino acids （proline, threonine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, etc.） were detected in root exudates, and the concentrations of LMW organic acids and amino acids increased with addition of 4 mmol Zn kg^-1 soil compared with zero Zn addition. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, phenylalanine, leucine, and proline in Tede than in Airs likely resulted in increased Zn uptake from the soil by Tede than by Airs. The results suggested that genotypic differences in Zn accumulations were mainly because of different root exudates and rhizosphere Zn fractions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31572212 and 31372142)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB150503)+5 种基金the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2013AA102802)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20150059)the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of Chinathe 111 Project of China (No. B12009)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of China (No. 201410307089)the "Qing Lan" Project of China
文摘Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） are considered to be the most promising agents for cash crop production via increasing crop yields and decreasing disease occurrence. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain W19 can produce secondary metabolites （iturin and bacillomycin D） effectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense （FOC）. In this study, the ability of a bio-organic fertilizer （BIO） containing strain W19 to promote plant growth and suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana was evaluated in both pot and field experiments. The results showed that application of BIO significantly promoted the growth and fruit yield of banana while suppressing the banana Fusariurn wilt disease. To further determine the beneficial mechanisms of the strain, the colonization of green fluorescent protein-tagged strain W19 on banana roots was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of banana root exudates on the formation of biofilm of strain W19 indicated that the banana root exudates may enhance colonization. In addition, the strain W19 was able to produce indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, a plant growth-promoting hormone. The results of these experiments revealed that the application of strain W19-enriched BIO improved the banana root colonization of strain W19 and growth of banana and suppressed the Fusarium wilt. The PGPR strain W19 can be a useful biocontrol agent for the production of banana under field conditions.
