In this research paper,we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using ...In this research paper,we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using a previously created corpus,thereby checking whether it is possible to detect extremist messages in the Kazakh language.To do this,the authors trained models using six classic machine-learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine,Decision Tree,Random Forest,K Nearest Neighbors,Naive Bayes,and Logistic Regression.To increase the accuracy of detecting extremist texts,we used various characteristics such as Statistical Features,TF-IDF,POS,LIWC,and applied oversampling and undersampling techniques to handle imbalanced data.As a result,we achieved 98%accuracy in detecting religious extremism in Kazakh texts for the collected dataset.Testing the developed machine learningmodels in various databases that are often found in everyday life“Jokes”,“News”,“Toxic content”,“Spam”,“Advertising”has also shown high rates of extremism detection.展开更多
Since the first years of independence,Uzbekistan began to develop and implement a policy of countering religious extremism and addressing the ideological basis of terrorism.Taking into consideration the complexity of ...Since the first years of independence,Uzbekistan began to develop and implement a policy of countering religious extremism and addressing the ideological basis of terrorism.Taking into consideration the complexity of this problem,Uzbekistan is comprehensively combating expressions of extremism and terrorism.展开更多
This paper illuminates some of the main effects that neoliberalism has on the psychological and socio-economic profile of Americans.It outlines the structural processes that produced the groundwork for today’s enormo...This paper illuminates some of the main effects that neoliberalism has on the psychological and socio-economic profile of Americans.It outlines the structural processes that produced the groundwork for today’s enormous popularity of right-wing extremism in the USA.America’s middle-class has turned right-wing extremist during the Trump years and this trend has continued to dominate American politics today.While populism mobilizes feelings of injustice and grievances,the source and commencement of these grievances is the centerpiece of this article.The paper does so by applying Rodrigo Nunes’(2020a)analysis of the effects of Bolsenarismo in Brazil to the American society.The paper differentiates between the effects of individualism,punitivism,and the valorization of order above the law and shows how these trends have influenced preponderant identity traits of Baby Boomers and Generation X.Secondly,the paper focuses on the concept of“negative solidarity”which is one direct consequence of the worldview produced by successful indoctrination of neoliberal values and goes hand in hand with the consequent pauperization of the American worker.The preponderance of negative solidarity remains a key handicap for a democratic future and for any social mobilization efforts within the USA.展开更多
March 2019 Contents Foreword I.Xinjiang Has Long Been an Inseparable Part of Chinese Territory II.The Origin of Terrorism and Extremism in Xinjiang III.Violent Terrorism and Religious Extremism Are Grave Abuses of Hum...March 2019 Contents Foreword I.Xinjiang Has Long Been an Inseparable Part of Chinese Territory II.The Origin of Terrorism and Extremism in Xinjiang III.Violent Terrorism and Religious Extremism Are Grave Abuses of Human Rights IV.Striking at Terrorism and Extremism in Accordance with the Law V.Giving Top Priority to a Preventive Counterterrorism Approach VI.Finding Experience for Counterterrorism and De-radicalization VII.展开更多
In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum...In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum to crack down and prevent the violent acts of extremist forces. As one of the countries that is the victim of violence by extremists, China has taken a series of measures to tackle the challenges of violent extremism. As President Xi Jinping has pointed out, 'the realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society.' While establishing a community of common destiny for all mankind, the international community should take action to effectively address the root causes of violent extremism, maintain a peaceful and secure development environment, and defend the basic human rights and well-being of all peoples, so as to ensure a safe and brighter future for all.展开更多
For today＇s human rights protection, it is requisite to firmly oppose religious ex- tremism, no matter whether in China or worldwide. Religious extremism is a rather serious phenomenon in the political life of today...For today＇s human rights protection, it is requisite to firmly oppose religious ex- tremism, no matter whether in China or worldwide. Religious extremism is a rather serious phenomenon in the political life of today＇s world. In the form of religion （including banners, words, symbols and costumes, etc）, it agitates for the extreme claims and fanatical behavior of certain groups and damages social stability, so that it can serve its villainous purposes.展开更多
After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into powe...After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into power,the Egyptian government took various measures to actively promote the de-extremism work,however,the difficulties in the process of Egypt’s de-extremism cannot be ignored.Whether the transition of de-extremism from a movement to a institution can be realised will be the key to its longterm effect.展开更多
While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in di...While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in different and perhaps more lethal ways is very high.States,therefore,must adopt measures that are based on holistic,multi-stakeholder approaches rather than on military and securitised responses to counter and ultimately prevent the spread of violent extremist ideology.The countries of the Gulf have the advantage of a“youth bulge,”with almost half its population under the age of 30 years.This“youth bulge”is however a double-edged sword.This large pool of human capital could be a demographic dividend,if harnessed intelligently,while conversely it could prove to be a demographic disaster if timely and plausible solutions to the various issues faced are not provided.This paper will explore ways in which preventing and countering violent extremism(P/CVE)through education could be achieved by including a variety of stakeholders from faith based organisations,the corporate sector,media and academia in the formulation of appropriate educational responses which take into account issues like culture,identity and religiosity.These re-education programmes should form an integral part of P/CVE policies,thereby providing the much needed psycho-social angle to an otherwise hard security-driven discourse.It is against this rationale that this paper makes a case for P/CVE through education,encompassing the formal,informal and non-formal levels,as one of the possible means for promoting and fostering a peace process in the Gulf.展开更多
Islam is a religion that advocates peace and development. But in today's world, it has become aphenomenon that some people engage terrorist activities violating human nature under the guiseof the name of Islam, wh...Islam is a religion that advocates peace and development. But in today's world, it has become aphenomenon that some people engage terrorist activities violating human nature under the guiseof the name of Islam, which is repeatedly emerging and getting worse. A large number of factsprove that religious extremism is one of the important ideological basis of violent terrorism, anddomestic politics, geopolitics, world politics especially the international intervention dominatedby begemony are very important driving forces in the formation of religious extremism. Basedon previous studies, this paper makes more profound and systematic theoretical analysis for theissues of the expression forms, basic characteristics and origins of Islamic extremism from theperspectives and levels of social and ideological roots.展开更多
In this study,the effects of laser fields that can be achieved in the near future on cluster penetration probability and half-life are quantitatively investigated.The calculation results show that extreme laser fields...In this study,the effects of laser fields that can be achieved in the near future on cluster penetration probability and half-life are quantitatively investigated.The calculation results show that extreme laser fields can slightly change the cluster-decay half-life by affecting the penetration probability within a narrow range.Subsequently,we discuss the correlation between the change rate of the penetration probability and the tunneling path.The results indicate that for different parent nuclei emitting the same cluster,nuclei with longer tunneling paths are more easily affected by the laser fields.The shell effect on this correlation is also observed.In addition,the impact of laser fields on the penetration probability in any direction is investigated.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the clinical application value of autologous periosteum graft combined with platelet-rich plasma(PRP)in the treatment of long bone fractures in the extremities.Methods:A total of 40 patients with ...Objective:To analyze the clinical application value of autologous periosteum graft combined with platelet-rich plasma(PRP)in the treatment of long bone fractures in the extremities.Methods:A total of 40 patients with long bone fractures in the extremities admitted to Santai Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College from January 2023 to January 2025 were included,including cases of upper extremity forearm fractures and lower extremity femoral and tibial fractures.The patients were evenly divided using a random number table,with the control group undergoing open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)combined with autologous periosteum graft,and the observation group undergoing ORIF,autologous periosteum graft,and PRP injection.Surgical indicators,complication rates,excellent fracture healing rates,functional satisfaction,and joint range of motion were compared between the two groups.Results:The surgical indicators in the observation group were similar to those in the control group(p>0.05).The complication rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,while the excellent fracture healing rate and functional satisfaction were higher in the observation group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Autologous periosteum graft combined with PRP technology is safe and reliable for the treatment of long bone fractures in the extremities,with satisfactory clinical outcomes.展开更多
Nail changes following upper extremity transplantation(UET)cannot be overlooked as they possess diagnostic and prognostic relevance in allotransplantation of upper limbs.This comprehensive review explores nail and nai...Nail changes following upper extremity transplantation(UET)cannot be overlooked as they possess diagnostic and prognostic relevance in allotransplantation of upper limbs.This comprehensive review explores nail and nail bed related changes encountered in UET recipients in the literature.The differential diagnosis of nail abnormalities in UET includes a wide range of systemic,local and iatrogenic conditions other than immune responses to the allograft.It requires interdisciplinary evaluation by primary transplant surgeons,pathologists,dermatologists and immunologists.The possible underlying mechanisms of nail pathology in UET and the management are discussed.It also underscores the importance of onychodystrophy and need for timely intervention and to improve outcomes in UET recipients.展开更多
The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risk...The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.展开更多
Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instabili...Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.展开更多
Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the...Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants(VPPs).The proposed strategy improves systemflexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources.In the proposed strategy,theGaussian Process Regression(GPR)is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP,facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support.Then,an optimal dispatch model based on a leader-follower game is developed to maximize the benefits of the VPP and flexible resources while guaranteeing the power balance at the same time.To solve the proposed optimal dispatch model efficiently,the constraints of the problem are reformulated and resolved using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimality conditions and linear programming duality theorem.The effectiveness of the strategy is illustrated through a detailed case study.展开更多
In this study,three specific scenarios of a novel accelerator light source mechanism called steady-state microbunching(SSMB)were studied:longitudinal weak focusing,longitudinal strong focusing,and generalized longitud...In this study,three specific scenarios of a novel accelerator light source mechanism called steady-state microbunching(SSMB)were studied:longitudinal weak focusing,longitudinal strong focusing,and generalized longitudinal strong focusing(GLSF).At present,GLSF is the most promising method for realizing high-power short-wavelength coherent radiation with mild requirements on modulation laser power.Its essence is to exploit the ultrasmall natural vertical emittance of an electron beam in a planar storage ring for efficient microbunching formation,like a partial transverse-longitudinal emittance exchange in the optical laser wavelength range.Based on an in-depth investigation of related beam physics,a solution for a GLSF SSMB storage ring that can deliver 1 kW average-power EUV light is presented.The work in this paper,such as the generalized Courant–Snyder formalism,analysis of theoretical minimum emittances,transverse-longitudinal coupling dynamics,and derivation of the bunching factor and modulation strengths for laser-induced microbunching schemes,is expected to be useful not only for the development of SSMB but also for future accelerator light sources in general that demand increasingly precise electron beam phase space manipulations.展开更多
NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity.However,its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination,structural ...NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity.However,its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination,structural collapse,and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycling.Herein,K+and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalated NVO(KNVO-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized for the first time to achieve high-rate,stable,and wide-temperature cathodes.Molecular dynamics and experimental results confirm that there is an optimal C_(3)N_(4)content to achieve higher reaction kinetics.The synergistic effect of K^(+)and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalation significantly reduces the electrostatic interaction between Zn^(2+)and the[VOn]layer,improves the specific capacity and cycling stability.Consequently,the KNVO-C_(3)N_(4)electrode displays outstanding electrochemical performance at room temperature and under extreme environments.It exhibits excellent rate performance(228.4 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),long-term cycling stability(174.2 m Ah g^(-1) after 10,000 cycles at 20 A g^(-1)),and power/energy density(210.0 Wh kg^(-1)at 14,200 W kg^(-1))at room temperature.Notably,it shows remarkable storage performance at-20℃(111.3 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1))and 60℃(208.6 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)).This strategy offers a novel approach to developing high-performance cathodes capable of operating under extreme temperatures.展开更多
Arid mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrothermal stress and land use intensification,yet where net primary productivity(NPP)degradation is likely to persist and what drives it remain unclear in the Tiansh...Arid mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrothermal stress and land use intensification,yet where net primary productivity(NPP)degradation is likely to persist and what drives it remain unclear in the Tianshan Mountains of Northwest China.We integrated multi-source remote sensing with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach(CASA)model to estimate NPP during 2000–2020,assessed trend persistence using the Hurst exponent,and identified key drivers and nonlinear thresholds with Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).Total NPP averaged 55.74 Tg C/a and ranged from 48.07 to 65.91 Tg C/a from 2000 to 2020,while regional mean NPP rose from 138.97 to 160.69 g C/(m^(2)·a).Land use transfer analysis showed that grassland expanded mainly at the expense of unutilized land and that cropland increased overall.Although NPP increased across 64.11%of the region during 2000–2020,persistence analysis suggested that 53.93%of the Tianshan Mountains was prone to continued NPP decline,including 36.41%with significant projected decline and 17.52%with weak projected decline;these areas formed degradation hotspots concentrated in the central and northern Tianshan Mountains.In contrast,potential improvement was limited(strong persistent improvement:4.97%;strong anti-persistent improvement:0.36%).Driver attribution indicated that land use dominated NPP variability(mean absolute SHAP value=29.54%),followed by precipitation(16.03%)and temperature(11.05%).SHAP dependence analyses showed that precipitation effects stabilized at 300.00–400.00 mm,and temperature exhibited an inverted U-shaped response with a peak near 0.00°C.These findings indicated that persistent degradation risk arose from hydrothermal constraints interacting with land use conversion,highlighting the need for threshold-informed,spatially targeted management to sustain carbon sequestration in arid mountain ecosystems.展开更多
The biodegradable polybutylene succinate(PBS)material offers a sustainable solution for a circular economy to address the global issue of marine plastic waste.Its cross-linkage with non-biodegradable xanthan gum(XG)bi...The biodegradable polybutylene succinate(PBS)material offers a sustainable solution for a circular economy to address the global issue of marine plastic waste.Its cross-linkage with non-biodegradable xanthan gum(XG)biopolymer to ameliorate residual granitic soil(RGS)in arid and semiarid regions can significantly mitigate soil erosion.This study investigates the enhancement of RGS by cross-linking the PBS and XG biopolymers.Employing a multitude of geotechnical tests(liquid limit,linear shrinkage,specific gravity,compaction,and UCS tests)at 3 d,28 d,and 90 d of steam-curing at a controlled temperature of 16℃,the outcomes were validated through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)analyses.In addition,a comprehensive experimental database of 150 tests and nine parameters from the current study was utilized to model the UCS90-d(i.e.unconfined compressive strength after 90 d of curing)of the PBS-XG-treated RGS mixtures by deploying the random forest(RF)and eXtreme Gradient Boost(XGBoost)methods.The results found that the two biopolymers significantly improve the mechanical properties of RGS,with optimal UCS achieved at specific dosages(0.4PBS,1.5XG,and 0.2PBS+1.5XG dosage levels)and curing times.The UCS of PBS-XG-treated RGS showed up to a 57%increase after 90 d of curing.Furthermore,SEM and FTIR analyses revealed the formation of stronger microstructures and chemical bonds,respectively,whereas BET analysis indicated that pore volume and diameter are critical in affecting UCS.The proposed RF model outperformed XGBoost in predictive accuracy and generalization,demonstrating robustness and versatility.Moreover,SHAP values highlighted the significant impact of input parameters on UCS90-d,with curing time and specific material properties being key determinants.The study concludes with the proposal of a novel PyCharm intuitive graphical user interface as a"UCS Prediction App"for engineers and practitioners to forecast the UCS90-d of granitic residual soil.展开更多
The rise in religious extremism is highly documented,but not well understood.The most frequently cited explanations are economic and sociological.However,the specific role of religion has received far less attention a...The rise in religious extremism is highly documented,but not well understood.The most frequently cited explanations are economic and sociological.However,the specific role of religion has received far less attention and is often glossed within social-scientific analysis.The aim of this paper is to elucidate the rise of religious ideology in pre-modern Indian Muslim thought and to draw attention to the importance of religious narratives in causing and possibly resolving violent religious extremism in Southwest Asia.This historic setting,more than any other,informs the trajectory of competing religious expressions of Islam.Two positions are considered because of their polar responses to similar phenomenon.These proceed from the same school of thought,and overlap considerably in the use of interpretative methodologies,yet they articulate radically different visions for fidelity to Islam.One has been used to legitimize and mobilize extremist violence in order to establish a righteous society,the other to advocate for a pluralistic participation with the secular state.Their shared roots allow for a juxtaposition that allows for a cursory description of the challenges faced within the Muslim community to retain fidelity to some most cherished values.It is argued that within the Muslim religious intellectual tradition there are ample resources to support a dynamic and pluralistic society.The identification and promotion of these values is essential to halting the spread of violent extremism.Interventions need to promote proponents of this narrative and avoid practices that further alienate and limit the natural outworking of this dialogue within Muslim communities.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the grant“Development of models,algorithms for semantic analysis to identify extremist content in web resources and creation the tool for cyber forensics”funded by the Ministry of Digital Development,Innovations and Aerospace industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Grant No.IRN AP06851248.Supervisor of the project is Shynar Mussiraliyeva,email:mussiraliyevash@gmail.com.
文摘In this research paper,we propose a corpus for the task of detecting religious extremism in social networks and open sources and compare various machine learning algorithms for the binary classification problem using a previously created corpus,thereby checking whether it is possible to detect extremist messages in the Kazakh language.To do this,the authors trained models using six classic machine-learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine,Decision Tree,Random Forest,K Nearest Neighbors,Naive Bayes,and Logistic Regression.To increase the accuracy of detecting extremist texts,we used various characteristics such as Statistical Features,TF-IDF,POS,LIWC,and applied oversampling and undersampling techniques to handle imbalanced data.As a result,we achieved 98%accuracy in detecting religious extremism in Kazakh texts for the collected dataset.Testing the developed machine learningmodels in various databases that are often found in everyday life“Jokes”,“News”,“Toxic content”,“Spam”,“Advertising”has also shown high rates of extremism detection.
文摘Since the first years of independence,Uzbekistan began to develop and implement a policy of countering religious extremism and addressing the ideological basis of terrorism.Taking into consideration the complexity of this problem,Uzbekistan is comprehensively combating expressions of extremism and terrorism.
文摘This paper illuminates some of the main effects that neoliberalism has on the psychological and socio-economic profile of Americans.It outlines the structural processes that produced the groundwork for today’s enormous popularity of right-wing extremism in the USA.America’s middle-class has turned right-wing extremist during the Trump years and this trend has continued to dominate American politics today.While populism mobilizes feelings of injustice and grievances,the source and commencement of these grievances is the centerpiece of this article.The paper does so by applying Rodrigo Nunes’(2020a)analysis of the effects of Bolsenarismo in Brazil to the American society.The paper differentiates between the effects of individualism,punitivism,and the valorization of order above the law and shows how these trends have influenced preponderant identity traits of Baby Boomers and Generation X.Secondly,the paper focuses on the concept of“negative solidarity”which is one direct consequence of the worldview produced by successful indoctrination of neoliberal values and goes hand in hand with the consequent pauperization of the American worker.The preponderance of negative solidarity remains a key handicap for a democratic future and for any social mobilization efforts within the USA.
文摘March 2019 Contents Foreword I.Xinjiang Has Long Been an Inseparable Part of Chinese Territory II.The Origin of Terrorism and Extremism in Xinjiang III.Violent Terrorism and Religious Extremism Are Grave Abuses of Human Rights IV.Striking at Terrorism and Extremism in Accordance with the Law V.Giving Top Priority to a Preventive Counterterrorism Approach VI.Finding Experience for Counterterrorism and De-radicalization VII.
文摘In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum to crack down and prevent the violent acts of extremist forces. As one of the countries that is the victim of violence by extremists, China has taken a series of measures to tackle the challenges of violent extremism. As President Xi Jinping has pointed out, 'the realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society.' While establishing a community of common destiny for all mankind, the international community should take action to effectively address the root causes of violent extremism, maintain a peaceful and secure development environment, and defend the basic human rights and well-being of all peoples, so as to ensure a safe and brighter future for all.
文摘For today＇s human rights protection, it is requisite to firmly oppose religious ex- tremism, no matter whether in China or worldwide. Religious extremism is a rather serious phenomenon in the political life of today＇s world. In the form of religion （including banners, words, symbols and costumes, etc）, it agitates for the extreme claims and fanatical behavior of certain groups and damages social stability, so that it can serve its villainous purposes.
文摘After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into power,the Egyptian government took various measures to actively promote the de-extremism work,however,the difficulties in the process of Egypt’s de-extremism cannot be ignored.Whether the transition of de-extremism from a movement to a institution can be realised will be the key to its longterm effect.
文摘While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in different and perhaps more lethal ways is very high.States,therefore,must adopt measures that are based on holistic,multi-stakeholder approaches rather than on military and securitised responses to counter and ultimately prevent the spread of violent extremist ideology.The countries of the Gulf have the advantage of a“youth bulge,”with almost half its population under the age of 30 years.This“youth bulge”is however a double-edged sword.This large pool of human capital could be a demographic dividend,if harnessed intelligently,while conversely it could prove to be a demographic disaster if timely and plausible solutions to the various issues faced are not provided.This paper will explore ways in which preventing and countering violent extremism(P/CVE)through education could be achieved by including a variety of stakeholders from faith based organisations,the corporate sector,media and academia in the formulation of appropriate educational responses which take into account issues like culture,identity and religiosity.These re-education programmes should form an integral part of P/CVE policies,thereby providing the much needed psycho-social angle to an otherwise hard security-driven discourse.It is against this rationale that this paper makes a case for P/CVE through education,encompassing the formal,informal and non-formal levels,as one of the possible means for promoting and fostering a peace process in the Gulf.
文摘Islam is a religion that advocates peace and development. But in today's world, it has become aphenomenon that some people engage terrorist activities violating human nature under the guiseof the name of Islam, which is repeatedly emerging and getting worse. A large number of factsprove that religious extremism is one of the important ideological basis of violent terrorism, anddomestic politics, geopolitics, world politics especially the international intervention dominatedby begemony are very important driving forces in the formation of religious extremism. Basedon previous studies, this paper makes more profound and systematic theoretical analysis for theissues of the expression forms, basic characteristics and origins of Islamic extremism from theperspectives and levels of social and ideological roots.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12175100 and 11975132)the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province+5 种基金the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China(Nos.21B0402,18A237,22A0305)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2018JJ2321)the Innovation Group of Nuclear and Particle Physics in USCthe Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2022JQ04)the Opening Project of Cooperative Innovation Center for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Technology and Equipment,University of South China(No.2019KFZ10)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(No.CX20251453)。
文摘In this study,the effects of laser fields that can be achieved in the near future on cluster penetration probability and half-life are quantitatively investigated.The calculation results show that extreme laser fields can slightly change the cluster-decay half-life by affecting the penetration probability within a narrow range.Subsequently,we discuss the correlation between the change rate of the penetration probability and the tunneling path.The results indicate that for different parent nuclei emitting the same cluster,nuclei with longer tunneling paths are more easily affected by the laser fields.The shell effect on this correlation is also observed.In addition,the impact of laser fields on the penetration probability in any direction is investigated.
文摘Objective:To analyze the clinical application value of autologous periosteum graft combined with platelet-rich plasma(PRP)in the treatment of long bone fractures in the extremities.Methods:A total of 40 patients with long bone fractures in the extremities admitted to Santai Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College from January 2023 to January 2025 were included,including cases of upper extremity forearm fractures and lower extremity femoral and tibial fractures.The patients were evenly divided using a random number table,with the control group undergoing open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF)combined with autologous periosteum graft,and the observation group undergoing ORIF,autologous periosteum graft,and PRP injection.Surgical indicators,complication rates,excellent fracture healing rates,functional satisfaction,and joint range of motion were compared between the two groups.Results:The surgical indicators in the observation group were similar to those in the control group(p>0.05).The complication rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,while the excellent fracture healing rate and functional satisfaction were higher in the observation group(p<0.05).Conclusion:Autologous periosteum graft combined with PRP technology is safe and reliable for the treatment of long bone fractures in the extremities,with satisfactory clinical outcomes.
文摘Nail changes following upper extremity transplantation(UET)cannot be overlooked as they possess diagnostic and prognostic relevance in allotransplantation of upper limbs.This comprehensive review explores nail and nail bed related changes encountered in UET recipients in the literature.The differential diagnosis of nail abnormalities in UET includes a wide range of systemic,local and iatrogenic conditions other than immune responses to the allograft.It requires interdisciplinary evaluation by primary transplant surgeons,pathologists,dermatologists and immunologists.The possible underlying mechanisms of nail pathology in UET and the management are discussed.It also underscores the importance of onychodystrophy and need for timely intervention and to improve outcomes in UET recipients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608904)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.060GJHZ2023079GC and 134111KYSB20160031)+1 种基金supported by the Office of Science,U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Regional and Global Model Analysis program area through the Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling(WACCEM)scientific focus areaoperated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830。
文摘The global monsoon system,encompassing the Asian-Australian,African,and American monsoons,sustains two-thirds of the world’s population by regulating water resources and agriculture.Monsoon anomalies pose severe risks,including floods and droughts.Recent research associated with the implementation of the Global Monsoons Model Intercomparison Project under the umbrella of CMIP6 has advanced our understanding of its historical variability and driving mechanisms.Observational data reveal a 20th-century shift:increased rainfall pre-1950s,followed by aridification and partial recovery post-1980s,driven by both internal variability(e.g.,Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation)and external forcings(greenhouse gases,aerosols),while ENSO drives interannual variability through ocean-atmosphere interactions.Future projections under greenhouse forcing suggest long-term monsoon intensification,though regional disparities and model uncertainties persist.Models indicate robust trends but struggle to quantify extremes,where thermodynamic effects(warming-induced moisture rise)uniformly boost heavy rainfall,while dynamical shifts(circulation changes)create spatial heterogeneity.Volcanic eruptions and proposed solar radiation modification(SRM)further complicate predictions:tropical eruptions suppress monsoons,whereas high-latitude events alter cross-equatorial flows,highlighting unresolved feedbacks.The emergent constraint approach is booming in terms of correcting future projections and reducing uncertainty with respect to the global monsoons.Critical challenges remain.Model biases and sparse 20th-century observational data hinder accurate attribution.The interplay between natural variability and anthropogenic forcings,along with nonlinear extreme precipitation risks under warming,demands deeper mechanistic insights.Additionally,SRM’s regional impacts and hemispheric monsoon interactions require systematic evaluation.Addressing these gaps necessitates enhanced observational networks,refined climate models,and interdisciplinary efforts to disentangle multiscale drivers,ultimately improving resilience strategies for monsoon-dependent regions.
基金Supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China.
文摘Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Electric Power Company“Power Supply Guarantee Strategy for Urban Distribution Networks Considering Coordination with Virtual Power Plant during Extreme Weather Event”(No.521920230003).
文摘Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants(VPPs).The proposed strategy improves systemflexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources.In the proposed strategy,theGaussian Process Regression(GPR)is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP,facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support.Then,an optimal dispatch model based on a leader-follower game is developed to maximize the benefits of the VPP and flexible resources while guaranteeing the power balance at the same time.To solve the proposed optimal dispatch model efficiently,the constraints of the problem are reformulated and resolved using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimality conditions and linear programming duality theorem.The effectiveness of the strategy is illustrated through a detailed case study.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1603401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12035010 and 12342501)+1 种基金Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.JWZQ20240101006)the Tsinghua University Dushi Program.
文摘In this study,three specific scenarios of a novel accelerator light source mechanism called steady-state microbunching(SSMB)were studied:longitudinal weak focusing,longitudinal strong focusing,and generalized longitudinal strong focusing(GLSF).At present,GLSF is the most promising method for realizing high-power short-wavelength coherent radiation with mild requirements on modulation laser power.Its essence is to exploit the ultrasmall natural vertical emittance of an electron beam in a planar storage ring for efficient microbunching formation,like a partial transverse-longitudinal emittance exchange in the optical laser wavelength range.Based on an in-depth investigation of related beam physics,a solution for a GLSF SSMB storage ring that can deliver 1 kW average-power EUV light is presented.The work in this paper,such as the generalized Courant–Snyder formalism,analysis of theoretical minimum emittances,transverse-longitudinal coupling dynamics,and derivation of the bunching factor and modulation strengths for laser-induced microbunching schemes,is expected to be useful not only for the development of SSMB but also for future accelerator light sources in general that demand increasingly precise electron beam phase space manipulations.
基金the financial support provided by the PolyU Postdoc Matching Fund 1-W34P,ITF project ITP/023/22TP,PolyU RCRE fund 1-BBCB,IWEAR fund 1-CD8E,MTR Research Funding Scheme(PTU24019)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(P0043508 and P0044761)。
文摘NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)(NVO)is considered a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity.However,its practical application is limited by irreversible deamination,structural collapse,and sluggish reaction kinetics during cycling.Herein,K+and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalated NVO(KNVO-C_(3)N_(4))nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing are synthesized for the first time to achieve high-rate,stable,and wide-temperature cathodes.Molecular dynamics and experimental results confirm that there is an optimal C_(3)N_(4)content to achieve higher reaction kinetics.The synergistic effect of K^(+)and C_(3)N_(4)co-intercalation significantly reduces the electrostatic interaction between Zn^(2+)and the[VOn]layer,improves the specific capacity and cycling stability.Consequently,the KNVO-C_(3)N_(4)electrode displays outstanding electrochemical performance at room temperature and under extreme environments.It exhibits excellent rate performance(228.4 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)),long-term cycling stability(174.2 m Ah g^(-1) after 10,000 cycles at 20 A g^(-1)),and power/energy density(210.0 Wh kg^(-1)at 14,200 W kg^(-1))at room temperature.Notably,it shows remarkable storage performance at-20℃(111.3 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1))and 60℃(208.6 m Ah g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)).This strategy offers a novel approach to developing high-performance cathodes capable of operating under extreme temperatures.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023E01006,2024TSYCCX0004).
文摘Arid mountain ecosystems are highly sensitive to hydrothermal stress and land use intensification,yet where net primary productivity(NPP)degradation is likely to persist and what drives it remain unclear in the Tianshan Mountains of Northwest China.We integrated multi-source remote sensing with the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach(CASA)model to estimate NPP during 2000–2020,assessed trend persistence using the Hurst exponent,and identified key drivers and nonlinear thresholds with Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)and SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP).Total NPP averaged 55.74 Tg C/a and ranged from 48.07 to 65.91 Tg C/a from 2000 to 2020,while regional mean NPP rose from 138.97 to 160.69 g C/(m^(2)·a).Land use transfer analysis showed that grassland expanded mainly at the expense of unutilized land and that cropland increased overall.Although NPP increased across 64.11%of the region during 2000–2020,persistence analysis suggested that 53.93%of the Tianshan Mountains was prone to continued NPP decline,including 36.41%with significant projected decline and 17.52%with weak projected decline;these areas formed degradation hotspots concentrated in the central and northern Tianshan Mountains.In contrast,potential improvement was limited(strong persistent improvement:4.97%;strong anti-persistent improvement:0.36%).Driver attribution indicated that land use dominated NPP variability(mean absolute SHAP value=29.54%),followed by precipitation(16.03%)and temperature(11.05%).SHAP dependence analyses showed that precipitation effects stabilized at 300.00–400.00 mm,and temperature exhibited an inverted U-shaped response with a peak near 0.00°C.These findings indicated that persistent degradation risk arose from hydrothermal constraints interacting with land use conversion,highlighting the need for threshold-informed,spatially targeted management to sustain carbon sequestration in arid mountain ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52379104 and 52090084).
文摘The biodegradable polybutylene succinate(PBS)material offers a sustainable solution for a circular economy to address the global issue of marine plastic waste.Its cross-linkage with non-biodegradable xanthan gum(XG)biopolymer to ameliorate residual granitic soil(RGS)in arid and semiarid regions can significantly mitigate soil erosion.This study investigates the enhancement of RGS by cross-linking the PBS and XG biopolymers.Employing a multitude of geotechnical tests(liquid limit,linear shrinkage,specific gravity,compaction,and UCS tests)at 3 d,28 d,and 90 d of steam-curing at a controlled temperature of 16℃,the outcomes were validated through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)analyses.In addition,a comprehensive experimental database of 150 tests and nine parameters from the current study was utilized to model the UCS90-d(i.e.unconfined compressive strength after 90 d of curing)of the PBS-XG-treated RGS mixtures by deploying the random forest(RF)and eXtreme Gradient Boost(XGBoost)methods.The results found that the two biopolymers significantly improve the mechanical properties of RGS,with optimal UCS achieved at specific dosages(0.4PBS,1.5XG,and 0.2PBS+1.5XG dosage levels)and curing times.The UCS of PBS-XG-treated RGS showed up to a 57%increase after 90 d of curing.Furthermore,SEM and FTIR analyses revealed the formation of stronger microstructures and chemical bonds,respectively,whereas BET analysis indicated that pore volume and diameter are critical in affecting UCS.The proposed RF model outperformed XGBoost in predictive accuracy and generalization,demonstrating robustness and versatility.Moreover,SHAP values highlighted the significant impact of input parameters on UCS90-d,with curing time and specific material properties being key determinants.The study concludes with the proposal of a novel PyCharm intuitive graphical user interface as a"UCS Prediction App"for engineers and practitioners to forecast the UCS90-d of granitic residual soil.
文摘The rise in religious extremism is highly documented,but not well understood.The most frequently cited explanations are economic and sociological.However,the specific role of religion has received far less attention and is often glossed within social-scientific analysis.The aim of this paper is to elucidate the rise of religious ideology in pre-modern Indian Muslim thought and to draw attention to the importance of religious narratives in causing and possibly resolving violent religious extremism in Southwest Asia.This historic setting,more than any other,informs the trajectory of competing religious expressions of Islam.Two positions are considered because of their polar responses to similar phenomenon.These proceed from the same school of thought,and overlap considerably in the use of interpretative methodologies,yet they articulate radically different visions for fidelity to Islam.One has been used to legitimize and mobilize extremist violence in order to establish a righteous society,the other to advocate for a pluralistic participation with the secular state.Their shared roots allow for a juxtaposition that allows for a cursory description of the challenges faced within the Muslim community to retain fidelity to some most cherished values.It is argued that within the Muslim religious intellectual tradition there are ample resources to support a dynamic and pluralistic society.The identification and promotion of these values is essential to halting the spread of violent extremism.Interventions need to promote proponents of this narrative and avoid practices that further alienate and limit the natural outworking of this dialogue within Muslim communities.
