This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements(REEs)via solvent extraction technique.A stock solution containing lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,praseodymium,a...This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements(REEs)via solvent extraction technique.A stock solution containing lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,praseodymium,and samarium was prepared by dissolving their pure mixed oxide(reclaimed from spent Ni-MH batteries)in a diluted HCl solution.Key extractants,including bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid(Cyanex 272),Cyanex 572,trialkylphosphine oxide(Cyanex 923),and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(PC 88A),along with tributyl phosphate(TBP)as a phase modifier,were utilized to form organic systems.The extraction behavior and separability of these systems at various pH levels as well as their extraction mechanisms were investigated.The results demonstrated a direct relationship between the extraction trend and the experimental pH value,with enhanced selectivity when TBP was added.Notably,Nd and Pr exhibited similar extraction behaviors,with minor deviations from Ce,making their separation difficult to achieve.Sm extraction followed a distinct trend,allowing for its separation from other elements at pH≤2.In contrast,La exhibited a low affinity for coordination with extractants when pH was≤3.5,facilitating the separation of other elements from La,which could then be isolated in the raffinate.Among the studied organic systems,combinations of Cyanex 572 and PC 88A with TBP demonstrated superior performance in element separation.Optimum separation factors were calculated withβ_(Ce/La)=12,βNd/La=87,β_(Pr/La)=127,andβ_(Sm/La)=3191 for the former,andβ_(Sm/Ce)=54,β_(Sm/Nd)=20,andβ_(Sm/Pr)=14 for the latter.These findings provide valuable insights for selecting extraction systems and designing experiments for the effective solvent extraction separation of light REEs from their mixture.展开更多
Simultaneous recovery of Ni and Co from Fe(Ⅲ)and AI is a critical challenge in hydrometallurgical processes.Recognized solvent extraction systems often struggle with selectivity and effective performance in mixed met...Simultaneous recovery of Ni and Co from Fe(Ⅲ)and AI is a critical challenge in hydrometallurgical processes.Recognized solvent extraction systems often struggle with selectivity and effective performance in mixed metal ion environments.Herein,a new synergistic solvent extraction(SSX)system comprised of a novel pyridine analog,N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)dodecan-1-amine(BPMDA),and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid(DNNSA)with tributyl phosphate as phase modifier is introduced.The SSX system demonstrates high extraction performance achieving>90%for Ni and>97%for Co in a singlestage extraction process,with high selectivity.Under optimal conditions,the selectivity sequence is observed as Co^(2+)(>97%)>Ni^(2+)(>90%)>Mn^(2+)(<20%)>Fe^(3+)(<10%)>Mg^(2+)(<5%)>Al^(3+)(<2%)>Ca^(2+)(<1%).Spectroscopic analysis evidences the preferential binding of BPMDA with Ni and Co in the presence of DNNSA,concurrently achieving a significant reduction in the co-extraction of Fe(Ⅲ)and Al.The selective complexation of Ni and Co using the SSX system offers a highly efficient and selective approach for their extraction,with promising potential for applications in recovery-based processes.展开更多
The distribution and competitive behaviors of phosphotungstic acid and ferric chloride in the TBP-HCl-H_(2)O system were investigated by controlling the extractant concentration and the solution environment.The result...The distribution and competitive behaviors of phosphotungstic acid and ferric chloride in the TBP-HCl-H_(2)O system were investigated by controlling the extractant concentration and the solution environment.The results revealed that phosphotungstic acid exhibited a strong affinity for TBP with decreasing TBP concentration.Higher acidity significantly improved the W extraction efficiency with TBP,and the lower Cl^(-)concentration reduced the extraction efficiency of Fe.As the organic phase approached saturation point,phosphotungstic acid competitively displaced Fe to combine with TBP.The hydrogen bond structure(P=O·HO-P-W-O)between phosphotungstic acid and TBP was characterized by FT-IR,and the salting-out effect induced by FeCl_(3) was elucidated.In summary,high acidity is beneficial for exhaustive extraction of W,and an effective W/Fe separation can be achieved by reducing the concentrations of TBP and Cl^(-).展开更多
Extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydro- chloride (PCN) in the system described in the title was studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by...Extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydro- chloride (PCN) in the system described in the title was studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by twice extraction, while that of PCN is 77%. This system produces the distribution coefficients (KD) of 12.3 and 2.6 respectively for CPZ and PCN. Extraction mechanism is deduced according to ultraviolet and molecular fluorescence spectra variation of the drugs in the system studied.展开更多
The submicroparticles of β-sitosterol were produced by using an aerosol solvent extraction system （ASES） and characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Fourier transform...The submicroparticles of β-sitosterol were produced by using an aerosol solvent extraction system （ASES） and characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） analysis. The effects of operational parameters including pressure, temperature, solution concentration, and ratio of flow rate （CO2/solution, r） on particle size （PS）, yield, and morphology were investigated. The results showed that microparticles of β-sitosterol （less than 1000 nm size and larger than 70% yield） could be obtained at 10-15 MPa, 35 50℃, 15 mg·ml^-1, 10/1（r）; β-sitosterol particles were found to occur as three mophologies： flakes, rods, and spheres by varying ratio of flow rate or solution concentration. In contrast, the crystallinity of β-sitosterol decreased, whereas its molecular structure remained almost unchanged after being ASES-treated. Therefore, ASES was an effective method to produce submicroparticles of β-sitosterol.展开更多
The current recovery technique of Sc was complicated and the chemical consumption was high,This was due to the low content of Sc in resources and the difficulty of stripping.In this research,the isooctanol was added i...The current recovery technique of Sc was complicated and the chemical consumption was high,This was due to the low content of Sc in resources and the difficulty of stripping.In this research,the isooctanol was added into the 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507)extraction system to reduce the extraction and improve the stripping of Sc.The maximum stripping ratio of Sc from loaded organic phase by sulfuric acid can increase from 10%(without isooctanol)to 99%(with 15 vol%isooctanol).In the extraction test of the simulated red mud leaching liquor,the separation factors between Sc and Zr,Sc and Ti are 36 and 350,separately.At the same time,other metals are almost not extracted.The high selectivity and stripping of Sc suggest that the P507 with isooctanol extraction system can be applied in the practical Sc recovery process.展开更多
Uniform nanorods of rare earth phosphate(REPO_4, RE = La–Gd) nanocrystals were prepared in a properly designed ionic liquid extraction system by a stripping precipitation method. Rare earth ions were extracted into t...Uniform nanorods of rare earth phosphate(REPO_4, RE = La–Gd) nanocrystals were prepared in a properly designed ionic liquid extraction system by a stripping precipitation method. Rare earth ions were extracted into the organic phase at first; after that, the loaded organic phase was stripped by aqueous solution of PO_4^(3-) under stirring at room temperature within 5 min.The extractant used here is a bifunctional ionic liquid extractant called [A336][cyanex272]. The products are hexagonal phase in crystal structure, and their morphology is nanorods. The diameter of the products is from 30 to 50 nm, and the length increases from 200 nm to 2 μm gradually. Besides, the ionic liquid-absorbed CePO_4:Tb^(3+) nanorods show improved luminescent emitting intensity and lifetime. Based on the results, a possible growth mechanism of the REPO_4(RE = La–Gd) nanorods is proposed, where the extractants here also play roles of structure-directing agents and surfactants during the formation process of nanocrystals.展开更多
A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared （IR） technique...A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared （IR） techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%-98.8% with precision （RSD） ranging from 2.5%-7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three different wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%-92.2% with RSD 1.0%-9.3%. Data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.展开更多
Teicoplanin is one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and has attracted a lot of attention in the field of chiral separation recently. In this work, the partit...Teicoplanin is one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and has attracted a lot of attention in the field of chiral separation recently. In this work, the partition coefficients and extraction ratio of teicoplanin in three different solvent systems were studied: conventional extraction, reactive extraction and reverse micelle extraction. With conventional solvent extraction, n-butanol demonstrated high partition coefficient for teicoplanin, but low extraction ratio because of its high solubility in water. Reactive extraction of teicoplanin showed the highest partition coefficient with almost 100% recovery in organic phase when tri-n-octylmethyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC) was used as extractant and pH value was above 5.0. A reverse micelle system, consisted of isooctane +10mmol-L-1 TOMAC +1% n-octanol, also offered high separation factor for teicoplanin. The results are beneficial for the design of teicoplanin separation and purification process.展开更多
1,3-Propanediol,traditionally obtained from fossils,has numerous industrial applications,including use in the production of high performance polymers.The microbial production of 1,3-propanediol presents several opport...1,3-Propanediol,traditionally obtained from fossils,has numerous industrial applications,including use in the production of high performance polymers.The microbial production of 1,3-propanediol presents several opportunities,and the final purity grade determines its price and commercial viability.The development of novel separation technology could improve the economic viability of the bioproduction of 1,3-propanediol.Thus,we investigated salting-out extraction as a novel process for 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth.Initially,a screening for the best salt/solvent combination was conducted and then optimized using the response surface methodology.The solvents studied were methanol,ethanol,isopropanol and acetone,and the salts examined were K_2HPO_4,Na_2CO_3,K_2CO_3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,NaHPO_4,K_3PO_4 and C_6H_5NaO_7.The optimal extraction system consisted of 34 wt%K_3PO_4,28 wt% ethanol,and 38 wt% fermentation broth containing 23.0 g·L^(-1)1,3-propanediol,which gave the highest partition coefficient of 33 and recovery yield of 97%.The results demonstrated that salting-out extraction was a promising method for 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth.展开更多
Numerical simulation of transient mass transfer to a single dropcontrolled by the internal resistance or by the resistance in bothphases was mathematically formulated and simulated in aboundary-fitted orthogonal coord...Numerical simulation of transient mass transfer to a single dropcontrolled by the internal resistance or by the resistance in bothphases was mathematically formulated and simulated in aboundary-fitted orthogonal coordinate system. The simulated resultson the transient mass transfer dominated by the internal resistanceare in good agreement with the Newman and Kronig-Brink models fordrops with low Reynolds number. When the drop Reynolds number is upto 200, the mass transfer coefficient from numerical simulation isvery low as compared with The Handlos-Baron model.展开更多
In present research, a novel extractant system (D2EHPA + naphthenic acid + pyridine- ester) was used to purify cobalt anolyte and a simulated industrial production were carried out. This novel extraction system can ex...In present research, a novel extractant system (D2EHPA + naphthenic acid + pyridine- ester) was used to purify cobalt anolyte and a simulated industrial production were carried out. This novel extraction system can extract Cu and/or Ni against Co from chloride medium solutions at pH range of 2.5-4.5. About 2g/l nickel and 0.2g/l copper were removed from the cobalt chloride anolyte containing about 100g/l cobalt and 200g/l chloride ions respectively, the raffinate contains nickel and copper less than 0.03g/l and 0.0003g/l respectively and can be used to electrolyze high-purity cobalt. About 5.5t cobalt anolyte was purified in the simulation industrial experiment and kilogram quantities of cobalt of 99.98% purity and about 95% recovery have been produced.展开更多
The abundant entities and entity-attribute relations in medical websites are important data resources for medical research.However,the medical websites are usually characterized of storing entity and attribute values ...The abundant entities and entity-attribute relations in medical websites are important data resources for medical research.However,the medical websites are usually characterized of storing entity and attribute values in different pages.To extract those data records efficiently,we propose an automatic extraction system which is related to entity and attribute relations（attributes and values）of separate storage.Our system includes following modules：（1）rich-information interactive annotation page rendering;（2）separate storage attribute relations annotating;（3）annotated relations for pattern generating and data records extracting.This paper presents the relations about the attributes which are stored in many pages by effective annotation,then generates rules for data records extraction.The experiments show that the system can not only complete attribute relations of separate storage extraction,but also be compatible with regular relation extraction,while maintaining high accuracy.展开更多
Partition behavior of penicillins G and V was studied in a novel three-liquid-phase extraction system,which is composed of butyl acetate (BA),polyethylene glycol (PEG),ammonia sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and water (H2O). The ma...Partition behavior of penicillins G and V was studied in a novel three-liquid-phase extraction system,which is composed of butyl acetate (BA),polyethylene glycol (PEG),ammonia sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and water (H2O). The main components in the top,middle and bottom phases are butyl acetate,polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and ammonia sulfate aqueous solution,respectively. Some parameters such as partition coefficients Di/j and mass fractions Ei of penicillins G and V were determined at the room temperature,respectively. Experimental efforts have been made to investigate the partition behavior of penicillin in the three-liquid-phase extraction system,including initial concentrations of phase-forming components PEG and (NH4)2SO4,PEG molecular weight,pH,initial concentration of penicillin. The results indicated that penicillins G and V have the similar partition behavior. They preferentially distribute into the middle phase with the increase of initial concentration of phase-forming components and into the top phase with the decrease of pH,while partition coefficient Dm/b is hardly affected by pH value. The variation of PEG molecular weight has little effect on mass fractions of penicillin. The increase of initial concentration of penicillins G and V could lead to the increase of Dt/b,Dm/b and the decrease of Dt/m,while their mass fractions in all phases were almost independent on their initial concentrations.展开更多
This article aims to reduce the environmental pollution while maximizing the recovery of REEs as well as associate resource-fluorine(F)from bastnaesite.This paper investigates the extraction equilibrium process and me...This article aims to reduce the environmental pollution while maximizing the recovery of REEs as well as associate resource-fluorine(F)from bastnaesite.This paper investigates the extraction equilibrium process and mechanism of Ce(Ⅳ)-HF-H_(3)BO_(3)-H_(2)SO_(4)system using Cyanex 923.Extraction equilibrium process of different systems,including HF-H_(2)SO_(4),H_(3)BO_(3)-HF-H_(2)SO_(4),and Ce(Ⅳ)-HF-H_(2)SO_(4),were studied in detail and the corresponding extraction mechanisms were also determined.It is noteworthy that a synergistic effect between B-F and an antagonistic effect between Ce(Ⅳ)-F were discovered first in the extraction process by Cyanex 923.Besides,H_(3)BO_(3)is found to be able to promote the extraction of F in quantitation by Cyanex 923.FTIR and^(11)B and^(19)F NMR were adopted to characterize the different loaded organic phase.Based on these results,the extraction mechanism of complicated system Ce(Ⅳ)-HF-H_(3)BO_(3)-H_(2)SO_(4)was further determined.Besides,the effect of H_(3)BO_(3)on the extraction and stripping of Ce(Ⅳ)in complicated system was studied.Moreover,it shows that the addition of H_(3)BO_(3)has nothing to do with the purity of obtained CeF_(3)particle from bastneasite liquor in the practical system.Adding H_(3)BO_(3)into bastnaesite leach liquor,on the one hand,will be beneficial for the recovery yield of Ce and F.On the other hand,it can avoid from environmental pollution caused by emission of F-containing waste water as well as reducing the waste residue.展开更多
The separation coefficient of Nd/Pr was lower in D2EHPA-HCl system. Pointing to this problem,the effect of the acidity of feed and the concentration of lactic acid on the distribution ratio,separation coefficient and ...The separation coefficient of Nd/Pr was lower in D2EHPA-HCl system. Pointing to this problem,the effect of the acidity of feed and the concentration of lactic acid on the distribution ratio,separation coefficient and extraction capacity was investigated in unsaponified D2EHPA-HCl-LA system,and the regression equations were calculated in this paper. The results showed that the distribution ratio and separation coefficient both increased with decreasing of feed acidity and increasing of the lactic acid concentration,and the extraction capacity increased with increasing of lactic acid concentration in D2EHPA-HCl-LA system. When the pH value of the feed was 3.5 and lactic acid concentration was 0.6 mol/L,the max separation coefficient was 1.57,and the extraction capacity was 27.87 g/L.展开更多
Dynamic interfacial properties are investigated for solvent extraction systems of metals by organophosphoric or phosphonic acid. The relationship between interfacial properties and kinetic parameters shows that the dy...Dynamic interfacial properties are investigated for solvent extraction systems of metals by organophosphoric or phosphonic acid. The relationship between interfacial properties and kinetic parameters shows that the dynamic interfacial properties are important to mass transfer processes in liquid-liquid extraction. The authors develop a two-film adsorption model which may offer a basis for researching interfacial activity in mass transfer processes.展开更多
RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-kerosene extraction system(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er, Tm,Yb,Lu,Y)was studied by the response surface technique.14 models for extracting single rare earth ele- ment in a broad range of a...RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-kerosene extraction system(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er, Tm,Yb,Lu,Y)was studied by the response surface technique.14 models for extracting single rare earth ele- ment in a broad range of acidity and initial rare earth concentration were obtained by using the stepwise regression method.Three-dimensional display of the response surface of the model of extracting Er^(3+)was showed as an example,which reveals clearly the dependence of distribution ratio upon both initial acidity and ini- tial rare earth concentration.展开更多
Lithium is an important element with a wide variety of applications,especially in lithium ion batteries and in the exploration of nuclear energy.Salt lake brine is the most abundant lithium source available in world,c...Lithium is an important element with a wide variety of applications,especially in lithium ion batteries and in the exploration of nuclear energy.Salt lake brine is the most abundant lithium source available in world,comp-rising70%~80%of all known lithium deposits.Lithium can be abstracted from brines with low magnesium content and processed into kinds of lithium compound in Atacama and Hombre Muerto of South America(Nie et al.,2013).展开更多
The thermodynamics of micella formation,interfacial characteristics,synergistic effects and interfacial kinetics for synergistic extraction system D_2 EHPA-MPA-Fe^(3+) have been studied.It was found that D_2EHPA in th...The thermodynamics of micella formation,interfacial characteristics,synergistic effects and interfacial kinetics for synergistic extraction system D_2 EHPA-MPA-Fe^(3+) have been studied.It was found that D_2EHPA in the mixed system strongly exhibits the effect on the micella formation thermodynamics and interracial characteristics of MPA.Some ther- modynamic parameters for constants of micelles formation(K_m).free energies of micelles formation(ΔG_m)and critical micella concentrations(CMC)were obtained.The inter- facial adsorption behaviour of D_2EHPA is opposite to that of MPA.The emulsification for single MPA and the mixed system was discussed.The synergistic effects were found in this mixed extraction system.It is proved that the process of the Fe^(3+) extraction for non-mixed extraction system is controlled by chemical reaction and the controlling reaction occurs at the interface.展开更多
基金support from the Australian Research Council’s Industrial Transformation Research Hub funding scheme(project IH190100009).
文摘This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements(REEs)via solvent extraction technique.A stock solution containing lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,praseodymium,and samarium was prepared by dissolving their pure mixed oxide(reclaimed from spent Ni-MH batteries)in a diluted HCl solution.Key extractants,including bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid(Cyanex 272),Cyanex 572,trialkylphosphine oxide(Cyanex 923),and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(PC 88A),along with tributyl phosphate(TBP)as a phase modifier,were utilized to form organic systems.The extraction behavior and separability of these systems at various pH levels as well as their extraction mechanisms were investigated.The results demonstrated a direct relationship between the extraction trend and the experimental pH value,with enhanced selectivity when TBP was added.Notably,Nd and Pr exhibited similar extraction behaviors,with minor deviations from Ce,making their separation difficult to achieve.Sm extraction followed a distinct trend,allowing for its separation from other elements at pH≤2.In contrast,La exhibited a low affinity for coordination with extractants when pH was≤3.5,facilitating the separation of other elements from La,which could then be isolated in the raffinate.Among the studied organic systems,combinations of Cyanex 572 and PC 88A with TBP demonstrated superior performance in element separation.Optimum separation factors were calculated withβ_(Ce/La)=12,βNd/La=87,β_(Pr/La)=127,andβ_(Sm/La)=3191 for the former,andβ_(Sm/Ce)=54,β_(Sm/Nd)=20,andβ_(Sm/Pr)=14 for the latter.These findings provide valuable insights for selecting extraction systems and designing experiments for the effective solvent extraction separation of light REEs from their mixture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278407,22001147,21922814,22138012,22178349)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFC2901500)Excellent Member in Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202014)Shandong Energy Institute(SEI U202306).
文摘Simultaneous recovery of Ni and Co from Fe(Ⅲ)and AI is a critical challenge in hydrometallurgical processes.Recognized solvent extraction systems often struggle with selectivity and effective performance in mixed metal ion environments.Herein,a new synergistic solvent extraction(SSX)system comprised of a novel pyridine analog,N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)dodecan-1-amine(BPMDA),and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid(DNNSA)with tributyl phosphate as phase modifier is introduced.The SSX system demonstrates high extraction performance achieving>90%for Ni and>97%for Co in a singlestage extraction process,with high selectivity.Under optimal conditions,the selectivity sequence is observed as Co^(2+)(>97%)>Ni^(2+)(>90%)>Mn^(2+)(<20%)>Fe^(3+)(<10%)>Mg^(2+)(<5%)>Al^(3+)(<2%)>Ca^(2+)(<1%).Spectroscopic analysis evidences the preferential binding of BPMDA with Ni and Co in the presence of DNNSA,concurrently achieving a significant reduction in the co-extraction of Fe(Ⅲ)and Al.The selective complexation of Ni and Co using the SSX system offers a highly efficient and selective approach for their extraction,with promising potential for applications in recovery-based processes.
基金supported by the National key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2905105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72088101)。
文摘The distribution and competitive behaviors of phosphotungstic acid and ferric chloride in the TBP-HCl-H_(2)O system were investigated by controlling the extractant concentration and the solution environment.The results revealed that phosphotungstic acid exhibited a strong affinity for TBP with decreasing TBP concentration.Higher acidity significantly improved the W extraction efficiency with TBP,and the lower Cl^(-)concentration reduced the extraction efficiency of Fe.As the organic phase approached saturation point,phosphotungstic acid competitively displaced Fe to combine with TBP.The hydrogen bond structure(P=O·HO-P-W-O)between phosphotungstic acid and TBP was characterized by FT-IR,and the salting-out effect induced by FeCl_(3) was elucidated.In summary,high acidity is beneficial for exhaustive extraction of W,and an effective W/Fe separation can be achieved by reducing the concentrations of TBP and Cl^(-).
文摘Extraction behavior of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) and procaine hydro- chloride (PCN) in the system described in the title was studied. Research shows that the extraction efficiency of CPZ can amount to 96% by twice extraction, while that of PCN is 77%. This system produces the distribution coefficients (KD) of 12.3 and 2.6 respectively for CPZ and PCN. Extraction mechanism is deduced according to ultraviolet and molecular fluorescence spectra variation of the drugs in the system studied.
基金Supported by Shanghai Special Foundation on Nanomaterials(0243nm305)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2007AA10Z350)
文摘The submicroparticles of β-sitosterol were produced by using an aerosol solvent extraction system （ASES） and characterized by scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） analysis. The effects of operational parameters including pressure, temperature, solution concentration, and ratio of flow rate （CO2/solution, r） on particle size （PS）, yield, and morphology were investigated. The results showed that microparticles of β-sitosterol （less than 1000 nm size and larger than 70% yield） could be obtained at 10-15 MPa, 35 50℃, 15 mg·ml^-1, 10/1（r）; β-sitosterol particles were found to occur as three mophologies： flakes, rods, and spheres by varying ratio of flow rate or solution concentration. In contrast, the crystallinity of β-sitosterol decreased, whereas its molecular structure remained almost unchanged after being ASES-treated. Therefore, ASES was an effective method to produce submicroparticles of β-sitosterol.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174184)
文摘The current recovery technique of Sc was complicated and the chemical consumption was high,This was due to the low content of Sc in resources and the difficulty of stripping.In this research,the isooctanol was added into the 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507)extraction system to reduce the extraction and improve the stripping of Sc.The maximum stripping ratio of Sc from loaded organic phase by sulfuric acid can increase from 10%(without isooctanol)to 99%(with 15 vol%isooctanol).In the extraction test of the simulated red mud leaching liquor,the separation factors between Sc and Zr,Sc and Ti are 36 and 350,separately.At the same time,other metals are almost not extracted.The high selectivity and stripping of Sc suggest that the P507 with isooctanol extraction system can be applied in the practical Sc recovery process.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51174184)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CBA01202)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KGZD-EW-201-1)
文摘Uniform nanorods of rare earth phosphate(REPO_4, RE = La–Gd) nanocrystals were prepared in a properly designed ionic liquid extraction system by a stripping precipitation method. Rare earth ions were extracted into the organic phase at first; after that, the loaded organic phase was stripped by aqueous solution of PO_4^(3-) under stirring at room temperature within 5 min.The extractant used here is a bifunctional ionic liquid extractant called [A336][cyanex272]. The products are hexagonal phase in crystal structure, and their morphology is nanorods. The diameter of the products is from 30 to 50 nm, and the length increases from 200 nm to 2 μm gradually. Besides, the ionic liquid-absorbed CePO_4:Tb^(3+) nanorods show improved luminescent emitting intensity and lifetime. Based on the results, a possible growth mechanism of the REPO_4(RE = La–Gd) nanorods is proposed, where the extractants here also play roles of structure-directing agents and surfactants during the formation process of nanocrystals.
文摘A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared （IR） techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%-98.8% with precision （RSD） ranging from 2.5%-7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three different wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%-92.2% with RSD 1.0%-9.3%. Data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.
文摘Teicoplanin is one of the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics, which is active against Gram-positive bacteria, and has attracted a lot of attention in the field of chiral separation recently. In this work, the partition coefficients and extraction ratio of teicoplanin in three different solvent systems were studied: conventional extraction, reactive extraction and reverse micelle extraction. With conventional solvent extraction, n-butanol demonstrated high partition coefficient for teicoplanin, but low extraction ratio because of its high solubility in water. Reactive extraction of teicoplanin showed the highest partition coefficient with almost 100% recovery in organic phase when tri-n-octylmethyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC) was used as extractant and pH value was above 5.0. A reverse micelle system, consisted of isooctane +10mmol-L-1 TOMAC +1% n-octanol, also offered high separation factor for teicoplanin. The results are beneficial for the design of teicoplanin separation and purification process.
基金CNPq,FAPERJ and CAPES through the PDSE and Program and Human Resources Program 13 of the National Petroleum Agency (ANP-PRH 13)
文摘1,3-Propanediol,traditionally obtained from fossils,has numerous industrial applications,including use in the production of high performance polymers.The microbial production of 1,3-propanediol presents several opportunities,and the final purity grade determines its price and commercial viability.The development of novel separation technology could improve the economic viability of the bioproduction of 1,3-propanediol.Thus,we investigated salting-out extraction as a novel process for 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth.Initially,a screening for the best salt/solvent combination was conducted and then optimized using the response surface methodology.The solvents studied were methanol,ethanol,isopropanol and acetone,and the salts examined were K_2HPO_4,Na_2CO_3,K_2CO_3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,NaHPO_4,K_3PO_4 and C_6H_5NaO_7.The optimal extraction system consisted of 34 wt%K_3PO_4,28 wt% ethanol,and 38 wt% fermentation broth containing 23.0 g·L^(-1)1,3-propanediol,which gave the highest partition coefficient of 33 and recovery yield of 97%.The results demonstrated that salting-out extraction was a promising method for 1,3-propanediol recovery from fermentation broth.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29792074, No. 29836130} and SINOPEC.
文摘Numerical simulation of transient mass transfer to a single dropcontrolled by the internal resistance or by the resistance in bothphases was mathematically formulated and simulated in aboundary-fitted orthogonal coordinate system. The simulated resultson the transient mass transfer dominated by the internal resistanceare in good agreement with the Newman and Kronig-Brink models fordrops with low Reynolds number. When the drop Reynolds number is upto 200, the mass transfer coefficient from numerical simulation isvery low as compared with The Handlos-Baron model.
文摘In present research, a novel extractant system (D2EHPA + naphthenic acid + pyridine- ester) was used to purify cobalt anolyte and a simulated industrial production were carried out. This novel extraction system can extract Cu and/or Ni against Co from chloride medium solutions at pH range of 2.5-4.5. About 2g/l nickel and 0.2g/l copper were removed from the cobalt chloride anolyte containing about 100g/l cobalt and 200g/l chloride ions respectively, the raffinate contains nickel and copper less than 0.03g/l and 0.0003g/l respectively and can be used to electrolyze high-purity cobalt. About 5.5t cobalt anolyte was purified in the simulation industrial experiment and kilogram quantities of cobalt of 99.98% purity and about 95% recovery have been produced.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2013CFB334)
文摘The abundant entities and entity-attribute relations in medical websites are important data resources for medical research.However,the medical websites are usually characterized of storing entity and attribute values in different pages.To extract those data records efficiently,we propose an automatic extraction system which is related to entity and attribute relations（attributes and values）of separate storage.Our system includes following modules：（1）rich-information interactive annotation page rendering;（2）separate storage attribute relations annotating;（3）annotated relations for pattern generating and data records extracting.This paper presents the relations about the attributes which are stored in many pages by effective annotation,then generates rules for data records extraction.The experiments show that the system can not only complete attribute relations of separate storage extraction,but also be compatible with regular relation extraction,while maintaining high accuracy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20236050 20406021)+1 种基金 The Innovative Research Group Fund (No. 20236050 20406021)
文摘Partition behavior of penicillins G and V was studied in a novel three-liquid-phase extraction system,which is composed of butyl acetate (BA),polyethylene glycol (PEG),ammonia sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and water (H2O). The main components in the top,middle and bottom phases are butyl acetate,polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and ammonia sulfate aqueous solution,respectively. Some parameters such as partition coefficients Di/j and mass fractions Ei of penicillins G and V were determined at the room temperature,respectively. Experimental efforts have been made to investigate the partition behavior of penicillin in the three-liquid-phase extraction system,including initial concentrations of phase-forming components PEG and (NH4)2SO4,PEG molecular weight,pH,initial concentration of penicillin. The results indicated that penicillins G and V have the similar partition behavior. They preferentially distribute into the middle phase with the increase of initial concentration of phase-forming components and into the top phase with the decrease of pH,while partition coefficient Dm/b is hardly affected by pH value. The variation of PEG molecular weight has little effect on mass fractions of penicillin. The increase of initial concentration of penicillins G and V could lead to the increase of Dt/b,Dm/b and the decrease of Dt/m,while their mass fractions in all phases were almost independent on their initial concentrations.
基金Project supported by the Open Research Fund for State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resources Researches and Comprehensive Utilization(E0900001)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174184)。
文摘This article aims to reduce the environmental pollution while maximizing the recovery of REEs as well as associate resource-fluorine(F)from bastnaesite.This paper investigates the extraction equilibrium process and mechanism of Ce(Ⅳ)-HF-H_(3)BO_(3)-H_(2)SO_(4)system using Cyanex 923.Extraction equilibrium process of different systems,including HF-H_(2)SO_(4),H_(3)BO_(3)-HF-H_(2)SO_(4),and Ce(Ⅳ)-HF-H_(2)SO_(4),were studied in detail and the corresponding extraction mechanisms were also determined.It is noteworthy that a synergistic effect between B-F and an antagonistic effect between Ce(Ⅳ)-F were discovered first in the extraction process by Cyanex 923.Besides,H_(3)BO_(3)is found to be able to promote the extraction of F in quantitation by Cyanex 923.FTIR and^(11)B and^(19)F NMR were adopted to characterize the different loaded organic phase.Based on these results,the extraction mechanism of complicated system Ce(Ⅳ)-HF-H_(3)BO_(3)-H_(2)SO_(4)was further determined.Besides,the effect of H_(3)BO_(3)on the extraction and stripping of Ce(Ⅳ)in complicated system was studied.Moreover,it shows that the addition of H_(3)BO_(3)has nothing to do with the purity of obtained CeF_(3)particle from bastneasite liquor in the practical system.Adding H_(3)BO_(3)into bastnaesite leach liquor,on the one hand,will be beneficial for the recovery yield of Ce and F.On the other hand,it can avoid from environmental pollution caused by emission of F-containing waste water as well as reducing the waste residue.
基金Project support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50974042)Scientific Research Special Foundation of Doctor Subject of Chinese Universities (20090042120015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N090302007)
文摘The separation coefficient of Nd/Pr was lower in D2EHPA-HCl system. Pointing to this problem,the effect of the acidity of feed and the concentration of lactic acid on the distribution ratio,separation coefficient and extraction capacity was investigated in unsaponified D2EHPA-HCl-LA system,and the regression equations were calculated in this paper. The results showed that the distribution ratio and separation coefficient both increased with decreasing of feed acidity and increasing of the lactic acid concentration,and the extraction capacity increased with increasing of lactic acid concentration in D2EHPA-HCl-LA system. When the pH value of the feed was 3.5 and lactic acid concentration was 0.6 mol/L,the max separation coefficient was 1.57,and the extraction capacity was 27.87 g/L.
文摘Dynamic interfacial properties are investigated for solvent extraction systems of metals by organophosphoric or phosphonic acid. The relationship between interfacial properties and kinetic parameters shows that the dynamic interfacial properties are important to mass transfer processes in liquid-liquid extraction. The authors develop a two-film adsorption model which may offer a basis for researching interfacial activity in mass transfer processes.
文摘RE(NO_3)_3-HNO_3-P507-kerosene extraction system(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er, Tm,Yb,Lu,Y)was studied by the response surface technique.14 models for extracting single rare earth ele- ment in a broad range of acidity and initial rare earth concentration were obtained by using the stepwise regression method.Three-dimensional display of the response surface of the model of extracting Er^(3+)was showed as an example,which reveals clearly the dependence of distribution ratio upon both initial acidity and ini- tial rare earth concentration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21276215)
文摘Lithium is an important element with a wide variety of applications,especially in lithium ion batteries and in the exploration of nuclear energy.Salt lake brine is the most abundant lithium source available in world,comp-rising70%~80%of all known lithium deposits.Lithium can be abstracted from brines with low magnesium content and processed into kinds of lithium compound in Atacama and Hombre Muerto of South America(Nie et al.,2013).
文摘The thermodynamics of micella formation,interfacial characteristics,synergistic effects and interfacial kinetics for synergistic extraction system D_2 EHPA-MPA-Fe^(3+) have been studied.It was found that D_2EHPA in the mixed system strongly exhibits the effect on the micella formation thermodynamics and interracial characteristics of MPA.Some ther- modynamic parameters for constants of micelles formation(K_m).free energies of micelles formation(ΔG_m)and critical micella concentrations(CMC)were obtained.The inter- facial adsorption behaviour of D_2EHPA is opposite to that of MPA.The emulsification for single MPA and the mixed system was discussed.The synergistic effects were found in this mixed extraction system.It is proved that the process of the Fe^(3+) extraction for non-mixed extraction system is controlled by chemical reaction and the controlling reaction occurs at the interface.
