Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.展开更多
The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information m...The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information may become a robust source of real-world data, which may form the basis of an objective data-driven analysis. In this study, a methodology for collecting information about audio and visual art events in an automated manner from a large array of websites is presented in detail. This process uses cutting edge Semantic Web, Web Search and Generative AI technologies to convert website documents into a collection of structured data. The value of the methodology is demonstrated by creating a large dataset concerning audiovisual events in Greece. The collected information includes event characteristics, estimated metrics based on their text descriptions, outreach metrics based on the media that reported them, and a multi-layered classification of these events based on their type, subjects and methods used. This dataset is openly provided to the general and academic public through a Web application. Moreover, each event’s outreach is evaluated using these quantitative metrics, the results are analyzed with an emphasis on classification popularity and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the importance of artistic subjects, methods, and media.展开更多
AIM:To review recent innovations,challenges,and applications of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)extracted lenticule for treating ocular disorders.METHODS:A literature review was performed in the PubMed datab...AIM:To review recent innovations,challenges,and applications of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)extracted lenticule for treating ocular disorders.METHODS:A literature review was performed in the PubMed database,which was last updated on 30 December 2021.There was no limit regarding language.The authors evaluated the reference lists of the collected papers to find any relevant research.RESULTS:Due to the simplicity and accuracy of modern femtosecond lasers and the extensive development of SMILE surgery,many healthy human corneal stromal lenticules were extracted during surgery,motivating some professionals to investigate the SMILE lenticule reusability in different ocular disorders.In addition,new approaches had been developed to preserve,modify,and bioengineer the corneal stroma,leading to the optimal use of discarded byproducts such as lenticules from SMILE surgery.The lenticules can be effectively re-implanted into the autologous or allogenic corneas of human subjects to treat refractive errors,corneal ectasia,and corneal perforation and serve as a patch graft for glaucoma drainage devices with better cosmetic outcomes.CONCLUSION:SMILE-extracted lenticules could be a viable alternative to human donor corneal tissue.展开更多
One of the biggest dangers to society today is terrorism, where attacks have become one of the most significantrisks to international peace and national security. Big data, information analysis, and artificial intelli...One of the biggest dangers to society today is terrorism, where attacks have become one of the most significantrisks to international peace and national security. Big data, information analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) havebecome the basis for making strategic decisions in many sensitive areas, such as fraud detection, risk management,medical diagnosis, and counter-terrorism. However, there is still a need to assess how terrorist attacks are related,initiated, and detected. For this purpose, we propose a novel framework for classifying and predicting terroristattacks. The proposed framework posits that neglected text attributes included in the Global Terrorism Database(GTD) can influence the accuracy of the model’s classification of terrorist attacks, where each part of the datacan provide vital information to enrich the ability of classifier learning. Each data point in a multiclass taxonomyhas one or more tags attached to it, referred as “related tags.” We applied machine learning classifiers to classifyterrorist attack incidents obtained from the GTD. A transformer-based technique called DistilBERT extracts andlearns contextual features from text attributes to acquiremore information from text data. The extracted contextualfeatures are combined with the “key features” of the dataset and used to perform the final classification. Thestudy explored different experimental setups with various classifiers to evaluate the model’s performance. Theexperimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms the latest techniques for classifying terroristattacks with an accuracy of 98.7% using a combined feature set and extreme gradient boosting classifier.展开更多
Chitosan films with propolis aqueous extract were obtained in order to improve the antioxidant capacity of the materials.Likewise,oleic acid(OA)was also incorporated to enhance the film hydrophobicity,with and without...Chitosan films with propolis aqueous extract were obtained in order to improve the antioxidant capacity of the materials.Likewise,oleic acid(OA)was also incorporated to enhance the film hydrophobicity,with and without previous infusion with propolis,to extract other potentially active compounds.The propolis extracts and the chitosan film-forming dispersions were characterised as to their particle size distribution,zeta potential and rheological behaviour.Chitosan-based films with aqueous extract and with oleic acid,containing or not propolis compounds,were obtained and characterised as to their microstructure,mechanical,barrier and optical properties and antioxidant capacity in order to evaluate their ability to extend the food shelf life.The propolis compounds from the aqueous extract notably modified the chitosan conformation and charge density of chitosan molecules,giving rise to more folded chains with a milder viscous effect.These changes in the polymer gave rise to a coarser film microstructure,which exhibited greater stiffness,and less stretchability and resistance to break,but a greater barrier capacity to water vapour and oxygen.These films had a ten-fold greater antioxidant capacity,thus having great potential to preserve food from oxidative spoilage.The incorporation of OA,containing or not propolis compounds,into these films reduced the film stiffness and resistance to break,and led to a highly enhanced oxygen permeability without there being any notable changes in either the water vapour barrier capacity or antioxidant power.展开更多
Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in...Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in clinical practice,with polysaccharides identified as the principal active component.In the present study,16 fractions of B.striata polysaccharides(BsPs)were extracted using diverse methods,including hot-water extraction(HWE),ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE),enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),dilute acid-water extraction(ACWE),and dilute alkali-water extraction(ALWE).These extractions were subsequently precipitated at final ethanol concentrations of 80%and 95%,respectively.The investigation encompassed yields,total carbohydrate content(TCC),total protein content(TPC),preliminary structural properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity.Results indicated that the extraction method significantly influenced the physicochemical properties,associated functional properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity of BsPs.HWE and UAE yielded higher BsPs quantities.The relative molecular weight(RMW)distribution of BsPs differed notably between HWE or UAE,EAE,ACWE,and ALWE.The RMW of primary BsPs obtained from HWE and UAE(1.9×10^(7)-1.7×10^(7) Da)exceeded that from EAE(7.5×10^(3)-2.8×10^(4) Da)and ALWE(5.1×10^(4)-1.7×10^(4) Da),with smaller molecular weights primarily precipitated by higher ethanol concentrations.BsPs were composed of Man and Glu,with partial fractions containing small amounts of Gal or Ara,displaying varying molar ratios.Notably,BsPs from ACWE exhibited the most significant structural differences,lacking 1,4-α-D-Glcp and a triple-helical structure.Furthermore,BsPs obtained from HWE,UAE,and EAE demonstrated heightened anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity compared to other methods.This study underscored the influence of extraction methods on BsPs’structure and myocardial protective activity,offering a foundation for exploring structural diversity and employing specific extraction methods to extract polysaccharides with robust myocardial protective properties efficiently.展开更多
Solvent-extracted fractions of six Indian coal samples of different ranks were investigated using multiple geochemical,petrological and spectroscopic proxies and an attempt was made to indicate possible fingerprint re...Solvent-extracted fractions of six Indian coal samples of different ranks were investigated using multiple geochemical,petrological and spectroscopic proxies and an attempt was made to indicate possible fingerprint regions for different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)with the help of excitation-emission matrix(EEM).In this study,for the very first time,the influence of rank and maturation of organic matter in the characterisation of coal solvent-extracts from Indian coals were perceived from the viewpoint of fluorescence EEM.Vitrinite reflectance(VR_(0))values were used to determine the general ranks of the original coal samples viz.lignite,subbituminous,bituminous and anthracite.Different fluorescence peak regions corresponding to different fused aromatic ring(FAR)systems were delineated using the EEM and their indicative depositional environments could be inferred.Our observations indicate that solvent-extracted fractions of low rank coals comprise of a larger number of shorter carbon chains compared to the other samples.For the low rank coal samples,the solvent-extracts show a strong humic influence and the presence of smaller PAH rings while for the medium rank coals,the extracted fractions tend to show a more bimodal distribution of PAHs,possibly comprising of different sized PAHs.Higher fluorescence sensitivity and quick response of smaller PAHs impart a singular centralised region in the EEM for the low rank coal samples while interference in the fluorescence of differently sized PAHs indicate a multimodal distribution of the fluorophores in the medium rank coals.The high rank coal used in this study shows a bimodal distribution with very low intensity of the peaks,indicating the low abundance of extractable macromolecules,possibly as a result of deformation.展开更多
The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activi...The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the margarines. Samples were spreadable and palatable with R20 being most palatable and the most accepted being R26 with a mean score of 7.07 ± 0.70. Decrease in color intensity increased acceptability. This study therefore demonstrated that avocado peel waste biomass can be valorized by using it as raw material for oil extraction, which can serve as good material for the production of trans-free margarines with good oxidative stability, functional and antioxidant properties.展开更多
Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of se...Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed thatas to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were themost important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO_2 and ethanolmixed with CO_2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicalsextracted by ethanol mixed with CO_2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than thatextracted by pure CO_2.展开更多
A chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft can reduce postoperative immune rejection, similar to an autologous nerve graft, and can guide neural regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood whether...A chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft can reduce postoperative immune rejection, similar to an autologous nerve graft, and can guide neural regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood whether a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with neurotrophic factors provides a good local environment for neural regeneration. This study investigated the repair of injured rat sciatic nerve using a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor. An autologous nerve anastomosis group and a chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group were prepared as controls. At 8 weeks after repair, sciatic functional index, evoked potential amplitude of the soleus muscle, triceps wet weight recovery rate, total number of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness were measured. For these indices, values in the three groups showed the autologous nerve anastomosis group 〉 chemically extracted acellular nerve graft ＋ ciliary neurotrophic factor group 〉 chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group. These results suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve grafts combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor can repair sciatic nerve defects, and that this repair is inferior to autologous nerve anastomosis, but superior to chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve bridging alone.展开更多
Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic fac- tor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciat...Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic fac- tor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciatic nerve injury better than chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts alone, or chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesized that these allografts compounded with both brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may demonstrate even better effects in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. We cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressing brain-derived neuro- trophic factor and/or ciliary neurotrophic factor and used them to treat sciatic nerve injury in rats. We observed an increase in sciatic functional index, triceps wet weight recovery rate, myelin thickness, number of myelinated nerve fibers, amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity, and a shortened latency of motor-evoked potentials when al- lografts loaded with both neurotrophic factors were used, compared with allografts loaded with just one factor. Thus, the combination of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cili- ary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve nerve injury.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and ...[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate safety and possible efficacy of induction of oral immune regulation using colitis extracted proteins (CEP) in Crohn's disease (CD) subjects. METHODS: Ten CDs were treated orally with autologous CE...AIM: To evaluate safety and possible efficacy of induction of oral immune regulation using colitis extracted proteins (CEP) in Crohn's disease (CD) subjects. METHODS: Ten CDs were treated orally with autologous CEP thrice weekly for 16 wk. Subjects were monitored for CDAI and IBDQ. Immune modulatory effect was assessed by T-lymphocyte FACS analysis, CEP-specific IFNγ ELISPOT assay and cytokine levels. RESULTS: Induction of oral immune regulation significantly ameliorated disease activity. All (10/10) subjects had clinical response (CDAI≤70) and 7/10 achieved clinical remission (CDAI≤150). Significant increase in mean IBDQ score was noted (134±9 vs 164±12). No treatment-related adverse events were noted. High levels of CEP-specific IFNγ spot forming colonies were detected in five subjects prior to treatment and in all five, a marked decrease was observed. The CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio and peripheral NKT cell numbers increased significantly, in 7/10 and in 5/10 subjects, respectively. Significant increase in serum IL-10 and IL-4 levels was observed in 7/10 subjects during treatment period. CONCLUSION: Immune regulation via oral administration of CEP is a safe and possibly effective treatment for subjects with moderate CD and may provide means of antigen-specific immune modulation.展开更多
The modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the extracted pectin from the cell wall of Azolla filicoloides（FNEP） can remove methyl orange as a watersoluble azo dye from waste water better than Azolla and the extracted pec...The modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the extracted pectin from the cell wall of Azolla filicoloides（FNEP） can remove methyl orange as a watersoluble azo dye from waste water better than Azolla and the extracted pectin from Azolla（EPA）,alone.It could be due to more crowding the main functional groups of uptake after binding pectin with nanoparticles.Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption equilibrium constant（KL） and maximum adsorption capacities（Q（max）） were increased with decreasing temperature（exothermic）.The maximum uptake capacity（Q（max）） of dye by FNEP in a batch reactor was 0.533,0.498 and 0.446 mmol/g at 5,25 and 50℃,respectively.The enthalpy change（△H） and entropy change（△S） were 15.31 kJ/mol and 0.02434 kJ/mol K,respectively.展开更多
Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the ...Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the antitumor activity of CA was carried out. Its mechanism of action was studied in vivo with C 57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and in vitro, with two mouse tumor cell lines: S180 and EAC. CA inhibited to a certain extent the growth of subcutaneously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastasis, and augmented the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. It showed a killing effect on the EAC and S180 tumor cells of mice in vitro as well. It blocked the tumor cells of solid Lewis lung carcinoma from entering into the S stage from G1 and inhibited DNA synthesis of S180 and EAC tumor cells of mice in vitro. It also markedly increased the number of mononuclear Mφ of tumor bearing mice, stimulated the macrophagic activity of their intraperitoneal Mφ, raised the percentage of ANAE(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood and enhanced the ABC reaction and antibody formation in tumor bearing mice.展开更多
Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of s...Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed that as to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were the most important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO2 and ethanol mixed with CO2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than that extracted by pure CO2.展开更多
The bioavailability of five divalent cationic heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni） in 10 superficial sediment samples from Baihua Lake was assessed based on the molar ratio of simultaneously extracted metals （SEMs...The bioavailability of five divalent cationic heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni） in 10 superficial sediment samples from Baihua Lake was assessed based on the molar ratio of simultaneously extracted metals （SEMs） to acid volatile sulfide （AVS）. Atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） were used to determine the heavy metal concentrations and examine the mineralogy of the crystalline phases, respectively. The AVS loadings in sediments from Baihua Lake ranged from 64.30 to 350.08 ~rnol/g （dry weight）. The corresponding SEM levels for the sampling sites varied from 1.770 to 14.660 vrnol/g. The molar ratio of SEMs to AVS ranged from 0.014 to 0.084 with a mean value of 0.034. The XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of some metal sulfides in sediments from Baihua Lake. The SEMs/AVS ratios for all sampling sites were significantly lower than 1.0, indicating that AVS in the sediments was sufficient to bind the five heavy metals; thus, these heavy metals are currently not significantly bioavailable to benthic organisms. Comparing the SEMs results to published guideline values for metal toxicity to benthic organisms in sediments, however, suggests that Zn and Ni pose a risk at some sampling locations in Baihua Lake.展开更多
In order to clarify the mechanism and the complex formed in the extraction of divalent Mn by alkylphosphonic acid monoester, the solid complex has been prepared by mono (2-ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, HEH(EH)P,...In order to clarify the mechanism and the complex formed in the extraction of divalent Mn by alkylphosphonic acid monoester, the solid complex has been prepared by mono (2-ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, HEH(EH)P, HA with divalent Mn. The elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetry have been determined for the solid complex of HEH(EH)P-Mn(II) and the infrared spectrum has been carried out in comparison to the extractant HEH(EH)P. The extracted compound has also been studied by electronic and electron spin resonance spectroscopy in octane solvent and solid state at room temperature. On the basis of the measurements, it is concluded that the structure of the solid polymeric species MnA_2 is in a tetrahedral arrangement.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of hot water-extracted Lydurn barbarum （LBE） and Rehrnannia glutinosa （RGE） on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat and/or human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） cells. METHODS：...AIM： To investigate the effect of hot water-extracted Lydurn barbarum （LBE） and Rehrnannia glutinosa （RGE） on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat and/or human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） cells. METHODS： Rat （H-4-Ⅱ-E） and human HCC （HA22T/ VGH） cell lines were incubated with various concentrations （0-10 g/L） of hot water-extracted LBE and RGE. After 6-24 h incubation, cell proliferation （n = 6） was measured by a colorimetric method. The apoptotic cells （n = 6） were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of p53 protein （n = 3） was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS： Crude LBE （2-5 g/L） and RGE （2-10 g/L） dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of H-4-Ⅱ-E cells by 11% （P 〈 0.05） to 85% （P 〈 0.01） after 6-24 h treatment. Crude LBE at a dose of 5 g/L suppressed cell proliferation of H-4-Ⅱ-E cells more effectively than crude RGE after 6-24 h incubation （P 〈 0.01）. Crude LBE （2-10 g/L） and RGE （2-5 g/L） also dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of HA22T/VGH cells by 14%-43% （P 〈 0.01） after 24 h. Crude LBE at a dose of 10 g/L inhibited the proliferation of HA22T/VGH cells more effectively than crude RGE （56.8% ＋ 1.6% vs 70.3% ＋ 3.1% of control, P = 0.0003 〈 0.01）. The apoptotic cells significantly increased in H-4-Ⅱ-E cells after 24 h treatment with higher doses of crude LBE （2-5 g/L） and RGE （5-10 g/L） （P 〈 0.01）. The expression of p53 protein in H-4-Ⅱ-E cells was 119% and 143% of the control group compared with the LBE-treated （2, 5 g/L） groups, and 110% and 132% of the control group compared with the RGE -treated （5, 10 g/L） groups after 24 h. CONCLUSION： Hot water-extracted crude LBE （2-5 g/L） and RGE （5-10 g/L） inhibit proliferation and stimulate p53-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells.展开更多
The present study was designed to establish and optimize a new method for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from Lonicera japonica Thunb. through orthogonal experimental designl. A new ultrahigh pressure extr...The present study was designed to establish and optimize a new method for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from Lonicera japonica Thunb. through orthogonal experimental designl. A new ultrahigh pressure extraction （UPE） technology was applied to extract chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from L. japonica. The influential factors, including solvent type, ethanol concentration, extraction pressure, time, and temperature, and the solid/liquid ratio, have been studied to optimize the extraction process, The optimal conditions for the UPE were developed by quantitative analysis of the extraction products by HPLC-DAD in comparison with standard samples. In addition, the microstructures of the medicinal materials before and after extraction were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated. The optimal conditions for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were as follows： ethanol concentration, 60%; extraction pressure, 400 MPa; extraction time, 2 rain; extraction temperature, 30 ℃; and the solid/liquid ratio, 1 ： 50. Under these conditions, the yields of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were raised to 4.863% and 0.080%, respectively. Compared with other extraction methods, such as heat reflux extraction （HRE）, ultrasonic extraction （UE）, and Sohxlet extraction （SE）, the UPE method showed several advantages, including higher extraction yield, shorter extraction time, lower energy consumption, and higher purity of the extracts. This study could help better utilize L. japonica flower buds as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203209)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,China(No.SWR-2022-009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY22-012)。
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.
文摘The World Wide Web provides a wealth of information about everything, including contemporary audio and visual art events, which are discussed on media outlets, blogs, and specialized websites alike. This information may become a robust source of real-world data, which may form the basis of an objective data-driven analysis. In this study, a methodology for collecting information about audio and visual art events in an automated manner from a large array of websites is presented in detail. This process uses cutting edge Semantic Web, Web Search and Generative AI technologies to convert website documents into a collection of structured data. The value of the methodology is demonstrated by creating a large dataset concerning audiovisual events in Greece. The collected information includes event characteristics, estimated metrics based on their text descriptions, outreach metrics based on the media that reported them, and a multi-layered classification of these events based on their type, subjects and methods used. This dataset is openly provided to the general and academic public through a Web application. Moreover, each event’s outreach is evaluated using these quantitative metrics, the results are analyzed with an emphasis on classification popularity and useful conclusions are drawn concerning the importance of artistic subjects, methods, and media.
文摘AIM:To review recent innovations,challenges,and applications of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)extracted lenticule for treating ocular disorders.METHODS:A literature review was performed in the PubMed database,which was last updated on 30 December 2021.There was no limit regarding language.The authors evaluated the reference lists of the collected papers to find any relevant research.RESULTS:Due to the simplicity and accuracy of modern femtosecond lasers and the extensive development of SMILE surgery,many healthy human corneal stromal lenticules were extracted during surgery,motivating some professionals to investigate the SMILE lenticule reusability in different ocular disorders.In addition,new approaches had been developed to preserve,modify,and bioengineer the corneal stroma,leading to the optimal use of discarded byproducts such as lenticules from SMILE surgery.The lenticules can be effectively re-implanted into the autologous or allogenic corneas of human subjects to treat refractive errors,corneal ectasia,and corneal perforation and serve as a patch graft for glaucoma drainage devices with better cosmetic outcomes.CONCLUSION:SMILE-extracted lenticules could be a viable alternative to human donor corneal tissue.
文摘One of the biggest dangers to society today is terrorism, where attacks have become one of the most significantrisks to international peace and national security. Big data, information analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) havebecome the basis for making strategic decisions in many sensitive areas, such as fraud detection, risk management,medical diagnosis, and counter-terrorism. However, there is still a need to assess how terrorist attacks are related,initiated, and detected. For this purpose, we propose a novel framework for classifying and predicting terroristattacks. The proposed framework posits that neglected text attributes included in the Global Terrorism Database(GTD) can influence the accuracy of the model’s classification of terrorist attacks, where each part of the datacan provide vital information to enrich the ability of classifier learning. Each data point in a multiclass taxonomyhas one or more tags attached to it, referred as “related tags.” We applied machine learning classifiers to classifyterrorist attack incidents obtained from the GTD. A transformer-based technique called DistilBERT extracts andlearns contextual features from text attributes to acquiremore information from text data. The extracted contextualfeatures are combined with the “key features” of the dataset and used to perform the final classification. Thestudy explored different experimental setups with various classifiers to evaluate the model’s performance. Theexperimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms the latest techniques for classifying terroristattacks with an accuracy of 98.7% using a combined feature set and extreme gradient boosting classifier.
基金supported by Generalitat Valenciana(Valencia,Spain)(Grant No.CIPROM/2021/071).
文摘Chitosan films with propolis aqueous extract were obtained in order to improve the antioxidant capacity of the materials.Likewise,oleic acid(OA)was also incorporated to enhance the film hydrophobicity,with and without previous infusion with propolis,to extract other potentially active compounds.The propolis extracts and the chitosan film-forming dispersions were characterised as to their particle size distribution,zeta potential and rheological behaviour.Chitosan-based films with aqueous extract and with oleic acid,containing or not propolis compounds,were obtained and characterised as to their microstructure,mechanical,barrier and optical properties and antioxidant capacity in order to evaluate their ability to extend the food shelf life.The propolis compounds from the aqueous extract notably modified the chitosan conformation and charge density of chitosan molecules,giving rise to more folded chains with a milder viscous effect.These changes in the polymer gave rise to a coarser film microstructure,which exhibited greater stiffness,and less stretchability and resistance to break,but a greater barrier capacity to water vapour and oxygen.These films had a ten-fold greater antioxidant capacity,thus having great potential to preserve food from oxidative spoilage.The incorporation of OA,containing or not propolis compounds,into these films reduced the film stiffness and resistance to break,and led to a highly enhanced oxygen permeability without there being any notable changes in either the water vapour barrier capacity or antioxidant power.
基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.QKHJC-ZK[2023]YB524)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou,China(Grant No.QKPTRC[2019]035)+2 种基金Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.QKH[2019]1346)Science and Technology Department of Zunyi city of Guizhou province of China(Grant No.[2020]7)Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Zunyi Medical University(Grant No.S202310661248).
文摘Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in clinical practice,with polysaccharides identified as the principal active component.In the present study,16 fractions of B.striata polysaccharides(BsPs)were extracted using diverse methods,including hot-water extraction(HWE),ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE),enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),dilute acid-water extraction(ACWE),and dilute alkali-water extraction(ALWE).These extractions were subsequently precipitated at final ethanol concentrations of 80%and 95%,respectively.The investigation encompassed yields,total carbohydrate content(TCC),total protein content(TPC),preliminary structural properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity.Results indicated that the extraction method significantly influenced the physicochemical properties,associated functional properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity of BsPs.HWE and UAE yielded higher BsPs quantities.The relative molecular weight(RMW)distribution of BsPs differed notably between HWE or UAE,EAE,ACWE,and ALWE.The RMW of primary BsPs obtained from HWE and UAE(1.9×10^(7)-1.7×10^(7) Da)exceeded that from EAE(7.5×10^(3)-2.8×10^(4) Da)and ALWE(5.1×10^(4)-1.7×10^(4) Da),with smaller molecular weights primarily precipitated by higher ethanol concentrations.BsPs were composed of Man and Glu,with partial fractions containing small amounts of Gal or Ara,displaying varying molar ratios.Notably,BsPs from ACWE exhibited the most significant structural differences,lacking 1,4-α-D-Glcp and a triple-helical structure.Furthermore,BsPs obtained from HWE,UAE,and EAE demonstrated heightened anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity compared to other methods.This study underscored the influence of extraction methods on BsPs’structure and myocardial protective activity,offering a foundation for exploring structural diversity and employing specific extraction methods to extract polysaccharides with robust myocardial protective properties efficiently.
文摘Solvent-extracted fractions of six Indian coal samples of different ranks were investigated using multiple geochemical,petrological and spectroscopic proxies and an attempt was made to indicate possible fingerprint regions for different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)with the help of excitation-emission matrix(EEM).In this study,for the very first time,the influence of rank and maturation of organic matter in the characterisation of coal solvent-extracts from Indian coals were perceived from the viewpoint of fluorescence EEM.Vitrinite reflectance(VR_(0))values were used to determine the general ranks of the original coal samples viz.lignite,subbituminous,bituminous and anthracite.Different fluorescence peak regions corresponding to different fused aromatic ring(FAR)systems were delineated using the EEM and their indicative depositional environments could be inferred.Our observations indicate that solvent-extracted fractions of low rank coals comprise of a larger number of shorter carbon chains compared to the other samples.For the low rank coal samples,the solvent-extracts show a strong humic influence and the presence of smaller PAH rings while for the medium rank coals,the extracted fractions tend to show a more bimodal distribution of PAHs,possibly comprising of different sized PAHs.Higher fluorescence sensitivity and quick response of smaller PAHs impart a singular centralised region in the EEM for the low rank coal samples while interference in the fluorescence of differently sized PAHs indicate a multimodal distribution of the fluorophores in the medium rank coals.The high rank coal used in this study shows a bimodal distribution with very low intensity of the peaks,indicating the low abundance of extractable macromolecules,possibly as a result of deformation.
文摘The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the margarines. Samples were spreadable and palatable with R20 being most palatable and the most accepted being R26 with a mean score of 7.07 ± 0.70. Decrease in color intensity increased acceptability. This study therefore demonstrated that avocado peel waste biomass can be valorized by using it as raw material for oil extraction, which can serve as good material for the production of trans-free margarines with good oxidative stability, functional and antioxidant properties.
基金This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (B0010020)
文摘Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed thatas to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were themost important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO_2 and ethanolmixed with CO_2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicalsextracted by ethanol mixed with CO_2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than thatextracted by pure CO_2.
文摘A chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft can reduce postoperative immune rejection, similar to an autologous nerve graft, and can guide neural regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood whether a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with neurotrophic factors provides a good local environment for neural regeneration. This study investigated the repair of injured rat sciatic nerve using a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor. An autologous nerve anastomosis group and a chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group were prepared as controls. At 8 weeks after repair, sciatic functional index, evoked potential amplitude of the soleus muscle, triceps wet weight recovery rate, total number of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness were measured. For these indices, values in the three groups showed the autologous nerve anastomosis group 〉 chemically extracted acellular nerve graft ＋ ciliary neurotrophic factor group 〉 chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group. These results suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve grafts combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor can repair sciatic nerve defects, and that this repair is inferior to autologous nerve anastomosis, but superior to chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve bridging alone.
文摘Chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic fac- tor-transfected or ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to repair sciatic nerve injury better than chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts alone, or chemically extracted acellular nerve allografts loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We hypothesized that these allografts compounded with both brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and ciliary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may demonstrate even better effects in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. We cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expressing brain-derived neuro- trophic factor and/or ciliary neurotrophic factor and used them to treat sciatic nerve injury in rats. We observed an increase in sciatic functional index, triceps wet weight recovery rate, myelin thickness, number of myelinated nerve fibers, amplitude of motor-evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity, and a shortened latency of motor-evoked potentials when al- lografts loaded with both neurotrophic factors were used, compared with allografts loaded with just one factor. Thus, the combination of both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cili- ary neurotrophic factor-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can greatly improve nerve injury.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30470055)Innovation Team Project of Liaoning Education Department (2007T006)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to extract tanshinone from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. dregs and to determine tanshinone components. [Method]Organic solvent method was adopted to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs and TLC was used to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The components of tanshinone were measured with HPLC. [Result]Ether was the best solvent to extract tanshinone from S. miltiorrhiza dregs. After water immersion,dry dregs of S. miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng were extracted with ethanol to obtain fat-soluble extracts. Then with ether as the solvent for Soxhlet extraction,the yield of crude tanshinone was 2.17%. The HPLC detection showed that the contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A,methylene tanshinquinone,cryptotanshinone,tanshinone Ⅰ were 3.62%,1.02%,2.56%,2.75% respectively. [Conclusion]The components of tanshinone in S. miltiorrhiza dregs were basically the same as tanshinone in medicine S. miltiorrhiza. S. miltiorrhiza dregs could be used as a kind of tanshinone resource,which has the value of development and utilization.
基金Supported by the Enzo Therapeutics Inc., NY, USA
文摘AIM: To evaluate safety and possible efficacy of induction of oral immune regulation using colitis extracted proteins (CEP) in Crohn's disease (CD) subjects. METHODS: Ten CDs were treated orally with autologous CEP thrice weekly for 16 wk. Subjects were monitored for CDAI and IBDQ. Immune modulatory effect was assessed by T-lymphocyte FACS analysis, CEP-specific IFNγ ELISPOT assay and cytokine levels. RESULTS: Induction of oral immune regulation significantly ameliorated disease activity. All (10/10) subjects had clinical response (CDAI≤70) and 7/10 achieved clinical remission (CDAI≤150). Significant increase in mean IBDQ score was noted (134±9 vs 164±12). No treatment-related adverse events were noted. High levels of CEP-specific IFNγ spot forming colonies were detected in five subjects prior to treatment and in all five, a marked decrease was observed. The CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio and peripheral NKT cell numbers increased significantly, in 7/10 and in 5/10 subjects, respectively. Significant increase in serum IL-10 and IL-4 levels was observed in 7/10 subjects during treatment period. CONCLUSION: Immune regulation via oral administration of CEP is a safe and possibly effective treatment for subjects with moderate CD and may provide means of antigen-specific immune modulation.
文摘The modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the extracted pectin from the cell wall of Azolla filicoloides（FNEP） can remove methyl orange as a watersoluble azo dye from waste water better than Azolla and the extracted pectin from Azolla（EPA）,alone.It could be due to more crowding the main functional groups of uptake after binding pectin with nanoparticles.Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption equilibrium constant（KL） and maximum adsorption capacities（Q（max）） were increased with decreasing temperature（exothermic）.The maximum uptake capacity（Q（max）） of dye by FNEP in a batch reactor was 0.533,0.498 and 0.446 mmol/g at 5,25 and 50℃,respectively.The enthalpy change（△H） and entropy change（△S） were 15.31 kJ/mol and 0.02434 kJ/mol K,respectively.
文摘Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the antitumor activity of CA was carried out. Its mechanism of action was studied in vivo with C 57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and in vitro, with two mouse tumor cell lines: S180 and EAC. CA inhibited to a certain extent the growth of subcutaneously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastasis, and augmented the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. It showed a killing effect on the EAC and S180 tumor cells of mice in vitro as well. It blocked the tumor cells of solid Lewis lung carcinoma from entering into the S stage from G1 and inhibited DNA synthesis of S180 and EAC tumor cells of mice in vitro. It also markedly increased the number of mononuclear Mφ of tumor bearing mice, stimulated the macrophagic activity of their intraperitoneal Mφ, raised the percentage of ANAE(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood and enhanced the ABC reaction and antibody formation in tumor bearing mice.
基金This paper was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (B0010020)
文摘Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology of supercritical CO2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyze allelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed that as to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were the most important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO2 and ethanol mixed with CO2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicals extracted by ethanol mixed with CO2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than that extracted by pure CO2.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20967003)the Project of the Government of Guiyang City(No.[2010]5-2)
文摘The bioavailability of five divalent cationic heavy metals （Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni） in 10 superficial sediment samples from Baihua Lake was assessed based on the molar ratio of simultaneously extracted metals （SEMs） to acid volatile sulfide （AVS）. Atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） were used to determine the heavy metal concentrations and examine the mineralogy of the crystalline phases, respectively. The AVS loadings in sediments from Baihua Lake ranged from 64.30 to 350.08 ~rnol/g （dry weight）. The corresponding SEM levels for the sampling sites varied from 1.770 to 14.660 vrnol/g. The molar ratio of SEMs to AVS ranged from 0.014 to 0.084 with a mean value of 0.034. The XRD analysis also confirmed the presence of some metal sulfides in sediments from Baihua Lake. The SEMs/AVS ratios for all sampling sites were significantly lower than 1.0, indicating that AVS in the sediments was sufficient to bind the five heavy metals; thus, these heavy metals are currently not significantly bioavailable to benthic organisms. Comparing the SEMs results to published guideline values for metal toxicity to benthic organisms in sediments, however, suggests that Zn and Ni pose a risk at some sampling locations in Baihua Lake.
文摘In order to clarify the mechanism and the complex formed in the extraction of divalent Mn by alkylphosphonic acid monoester, the solid complex has been prepared by mono (2-ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, HEH(EH)P, HA with divalent Mn. The elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetry have been determined for the solid complex of HEH(EH)P-Mn(II) and the infrared spectrum has been carried out in comparison to the extractant HEH(EH)P. The extracted compound has also been studied by electronic and electron spin resonance spectroscopy in octane solvent and solid state at room temperature. On the basis of the measurements, it is concluded that the structure of the solid polymeric species MnA_2 is in a tetrahedral arrangement.
基金Supported by the National Science Council, No. NSC92-2320-B038-032 Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, No. 93TMU-WFH-19
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of hot water-extracted Lydurn barbarum （LBE） and Rehrnannia glutinosa （RGE） on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat and/or human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） cells. METHODS： Rat （H-4-Ⅱ-E） and human HCC （HA22T/ VGH） cell lines were incubated with various concentrations （0-10 g/L） of hot water-extracted LBE and RGE. After 6-24 h incubation, cell proliferation （n = 6） was measured by a colorimetric method. The apoptotic cells （n = 6） were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of p53 protein （n = 3） was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS： Crude LBE （2-5 g/L） and RGE （2-10 g/L） dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of H-4-Ⅱ-E cells by 11% （P 〈 0.05） to 85% （P 〈 0.01） after 6-24 h treatment. Crude LBE at a dose of 5 g/L suppressed cell proliferation of H-4-Ⅱ-E cells more effectively than crude RGE after 6-24 h incubation （P 〈 0.01）. Crude LBE （2-10 g/L） and RGE （2-5 g/L） also dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of HA22T/VGH cells by 14%-43% （P 〈 0.01） after 24 h. Crude LBE at a dose of 10 g/L inhibited the proliferation of HA22T/VGH cells more effectively than crude RGE （56.8% ＋ 1.6% vs 70.3% ＋ 3.1% of control, P = 0.0003 〈 0.01）. The apoptotic cells significantly increased in H-4-Ⅱ-E cells after 24 h treatment with higher doses of crude LBE （2-5 g/L） and RGE （5-10 g/L） （P 〈 0.01）. The expression of p53 protein in H-4-Ⅱ-E cells was 119% and 143% of the control group compared with the LBE-treated （2, 5 g/L） groups, and 110% and 132% of the control group compared with the RGE -treated （5, 10 g/L） groups after 24 h. CONCLUSION： Hot water-extracted crude LBE （2-5 g/L） and RGE （5-10 g/L） inhibit proliferation and stimulate p53-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells.
基金supported by the PAPD(A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions)
文摘The present study was designed to establish and optimize a new method for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from Lonicera japonica Thunb. through orthogonal experimental designl. A new ultrahigh pressure extraction （UPE） technology was applied to extract chlorogenic acid and cynaroside from L. japonica. The influential factors, including solvent type, ethanol concentration, extraction pressure, time, and temperature, and the solid/liquid ratio, have been studied to optimize the extraction process, The optimal conditions for the UPE were developed by quantitative analysis of the extraction products by HPLC-DAD in comparison with standard samples. In addition, the microstructures of the medicinal materials before and after extraction were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Furthermore, the extraction efficiency of different extraction methods and the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activities of the extracts were investigated. The optimal conditions for extracting chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were as follows： ethanol concentration, 60%; extraction pressure, 400 MPa; extraction time, 2 rain; extraction temperature, 30 ℃; and the solid/liquid ratio, 1 ： 50. Under these conditions, the yields of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside were raised to 4.863% and 0.080%, respectively. Compared with other extraction methods, such as heat reflux extraction （HRE）, ultrasonic extraction （UE）, and Sohxlet extraction （SE）, the UPE method showed several advantages, including higher extraction yield, shorter extraction time, lower energy consumption, and higher purity of the extracts. This study could help better utilize L. japonica flower buds as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industries.
