Extractability and mobility of Cu and Zn and their relationships with 1) accumulation of Cu and Zn and 2) soil pH were studied in three sandy soils (Wabasso, Ankona, and Winder) from commercial citrus groves in Florid...Extractability and mobility of Cu and Zn and their relationships with 1) accumulation of Cu and Zn and 2) soil pH were studied in three sandy soils (Wabasso, Ankona, and Winder) from commercial citrus groves in Florida, USA. The soils, with a broad range of Cu and Zn concentrations, were fractionated by a modified procedure of Amacher, while Cu and Zn mobility were evaluated using column leaching. The extractability of Cu and Zn increased with decreasing soil pH. Also with increasing total soil Cu and Zn for extractable Cu in the Wabasso sand a threshold level, where the metal extraction rate increased, was noted at 100 mg kg-1, whereas for extractable Zn in the Wabasso sand the threshold level was found at 60 mg kg-1 and in the Ankona sand at 120 mg kg-1. These results suggested that the release potential of Cu and Zn was greater in the Wabasso sand than in the Ankona sand. The column leaching experiment showed that at total soil Cu or Zn concentrations < 100 mg kg-1 all leachates had low Cu and Zn concentrations. However at total concentrations > 200 mg kg-1 for Cu and > 150 mg kg-1 for Zn with decreasing soil pH, the concentrations of both Cu and Zn in the leachates increased exponentially. Also in these sandy soils soluble Cu and Zn mainly originated from the exchangeable fractions, and pH was a key factor controlling Cu and Zn extractability and mobility.展开更多
Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in China and Lower Lough Erne in Nor...Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in China and Lower Lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active' iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/L HCl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/L NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/L MgCl 2 = 0.5 mol/L CaCl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.展开更多
In this study, extractability of 13 organochlorine pesticides aged in six different soil types, was investigated. Acceptable recoveries were achieved for most of the analytes spiked into five of the soil types. No app...In this study, extractability of 13 organochlorine pesticides aged in six different soil types, was investigated. Acceptable recoveries were achieved for most of the analytes spiked into five of the soil types. No apparent correlation was perceptible between the soil characteristics and extractability of the aged analytes, signifying exhaustiveness of the extraction. However, recovery was considerably minimized (<75%) in the clay ensuring the hypothesis of study stating “extraction efficiency might be matrix dependent”. Therefore, the study demonstrates importance of optimizing extraction conditions even for those believed to be less prone to matrix effect, due to distinct properties of analyte-matrix interactions.展开更多
An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate themicrobial biomass associated Cu in four contrasting soils to which analkaline stabilised sewage sludge cake was applied. The organisms ofsludge- amended and con...An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate themicrobial biomass associated Cu in four contrasting soils to which analkaline stabilised sewage sludge cake was applied. The organisms ofsludge- amended and control soils were killed using γ-irradiationtechnique, and the aqueous and acid-extractable Cu concentrationswere determined. Addition of the sludge product increasedsignificantly the concentration of both the aqueous and diluteHOAc-extractable Cu in all the irradiated soils compared to thenon-sterilised sludge/soil mixtures, but the increase was morepronounced in the dilute acid-extractable Cu, indicating that the Curendered extractable in water and dilute acetic acid by γ-irradiation existed in the both soil liquid and solid phases. Theadditional increase in extractable Cu following the biocidaltreatment is likely to be due to release of Cu from the same fractionof soil microbial biomass.展开更多
A novel silver-based dihydric alcohol extractant was substituted for ionic liquids to enrich methyl linolenate(C18-3)from tallow seed oil methyl ester in this study.The interactions among dihydric alcohol,Ag(I)and C18...A novel silver-based dihydric alcohol extractant was substituted for ionic liquids to enrich methyl linolenate(C18-3)from tallow seed oil methyl ester in this study.The interactions among dihydric alcohol,Ag(I)and C18-3 were explored by FT-IR spectroscopy.The effects of dihydric alcohol structure,carrier Ag(I)concentration,temperature and initial feed concentration on extraction yield and selectivity were reported.The good extraction performance was achieved by 1,4-butanediol containing AgBF4.The complexation of Ag(I)with C18-3 was dominant in extraction operation rather than physical partition.Furthermore,a multi-step reverse extraction method was proposed to obtain C18-3 product and regenerate the extractant.1-Hexene as the stripping phase can facilitate C18-3 reverse extraction.The content of C18-3 in the product was up to 93.36%,and the yield was 73.76%.This work opened a new route for the utilization of the dihydric alcohol properties to manipulate the carrier efficiency for extracting unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters at a lower cost.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.展开更多
Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or...Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.展开更多
采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和液液萃取(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)结合全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry...采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和液液萃取(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)结合全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOF-MS)以及香气活度值(odour active value,OAV),对红星二锅头白酒的挥发性成分进行全面解析。研究发现,HS-SPME、LLE分别定性出928、802种挥发性化合物,共计定性出1304种挥发性化合物,共同定性出426种挥发性化合物。基于HS-SPME数据,通过香气数据库筛选出具有香气特征的382种香气化合物,其中酯类相对百分含量占比最高,其次是醇类、酸类和醛类。计算得到了49种香气化合物OAV>1,其中酯类(辛酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯等)和萜烯类(β-大马酮)对白酒风味的贡献最大,醛类(异戊醛、己醛等)和含硫类(二甲基三硫)其次,醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇)和含氮类(2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪)也有一定风味贡献。该研究丰富了红星二锅头白酒的风味研究,也为下一步生产研究及调控提供了理论和数据支撑。展开更多
In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering...In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.展开更多
The use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoingin vitro fertilization (IVF)has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinc...The use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoingin vitro fertilization (IVF)has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinct advantages and disadvantages,with fresh sperm typically showing superior sperm quality, while frozen sperm offers logistical flexibility and a reliable backup forrepeated cycles. This review summarizes the latest advancements in sperm retrieval and cryopreservation techniques, providingpractitioners with a comprehensive analysis of each option’s strengths and limitations. Comparative studies indicate that, althoughfresh sperm often has better quality metrics, cryopreservation methods such as vitrification have significantly improved postthawoutcomes, making frozen sperm a viable choice in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings show comparablerates for fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth between fresh and frozen microdissection testicular spermextraction (micro-TESE) sperm in many cases, although patient-specific factors such as timing, cost-effectiveness, and proceduralconvenience should guide the final decision. Ultimately, the choice of using fresh or frozen sperm should align with the individualneeds and conditions of patients. This tailored approach, supported by the latest advancements, can optimize ART outcomes andprovide personalized reproductive care.展开更多
The therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely acknowledged due to its extensive history of clinical effectiveness.However,the precise active components underlying each prescription remain in...The therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely acknowledged due to its extensive history of clinical effectiveness.However,the precise active components underlying each prescription remain incompletely understood.Polysaccharides,as a major constituent of water decoctions—the most common preparation method for Chinese medicinals—may provide a crucial avenue for deepening our understanding of the efficacy principles of Chinese medicine and establishing a framework for its modern development.The structural complexity and diversity of Chinese herbal polysaccharides present significant challenges in their separation and analysis compared to small molecules.This paper aims to explore the potential of Chinese herbal polysaccharides efficiently by briefly summarizing recent advancements in polysaccharide chemical research,focusing on methods of acquisition,structure elucidation,and quality control.展开更多
Anomaly Detection (AD) has been extensively adopted in industrial settings to facilitate quality control of products. It is critical to industrial production, especially to areas such as aircraft manufacturing, which ...Anomaly Detection (AD) has been extensively adopted in industrial settings to facilitate quality control of products. It is critical to industrial production, especially to areas such as aircraft manufacturing, which require strict part qualification rates. Although being more efficient and practical, few-shot AD has not been well explored. The existing AD methods only extract features in a single frequency while defects exist in multiple frequency domains. Moreover, current methods have not fully leveraged the few-shot support samples to extract input-related normal patterns. To address these issues, we propose an industrial few-shot AD method, Feature Extender for Anomaly Detection (FEAD), which extracts normal patterns in multiple frequency domains from few-shot samples under the guidance of the input sample. Firstly, to achieve better coverage of normal patterns in the input sample, we introduce a Sample-Conditioned Transformation Module (SCTM), which transforms support features under the guidance of the input sample to obtain extra normal patterns. Secondly, to effectively distinguish and localize anomaly patterns in multiple frequency domains, we devise an Adaptive Descriptor Construction Module (ADCM) to build and select pattern descriptors in a series of frequencies adaptively. Finally, an auxiliary task for SCTM is designed to ensure the diversity of transformations and include more normal patterns into support features. Extensive experiments on two widely used industrial AD datasets (MVTec-AD and VisA) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FEAD.展开更多
As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a ...As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.展开更多
Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies...Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND This case report describes a protocol developed by Danaun Medical Clinic for the introduction of a pioneering intervention comprising intravenous human placen-tal extract(HPE)therapy to improve the liver fu...BACKGROUND This case report describes a protocol developed by Danaun Medical Clinic for the introduction of a pioneering intervention comprising intravenous human placen-tal extract(HPE)therapy to improve the liver function of patients with chronic liver disease(CLD).CASE SUMMARY This study involved data from patients whose chief complaint was reduced quality of life attributable to CLD.The new treatment approach resulted in improvements in the liver function and fatty liver of 30 patients with CLD.Im-provements were observed using abdominal ultrasonography.Unlike traditional methods,this protocol provided more sustainable and meaningful results.Treat-ment with 10 mL of HPE administered intravenously once or twice per week significantly improved liver function.The observed improvements in fatty liver and liver function suggest the utility of this approach for the management of patients with CLD.CONCLUSION This case series highlights the potential of innovative treatments for patients with CLD that could improve the quality of life of the patients.展开更多
In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shippi...In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making.展开更多
Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,includ...Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducte...This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.展开更多
With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions...With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.展开更多
Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment planning.Liver Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present wi...Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment planning.Liver Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present with tissues of similar intensities,making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and challenging.This review examines recent advancements in Liver Segmentation(LS)and Tumor Segmentation(TS)algorithms,highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision,automation,and resilience.Performance metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods,emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical contexts.The review also addresses ongoing challenges in liver tumor segmentation and identification,such as managing high variability in patient data and ensuring robustness across different imaging conditions.It suggests directions for future research,with insights into technological advancements that can enhance surgical planning and diagnostic accuracy by comparing popular methods.This paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of current liver tumor detection techniques,provides a roadmap for future innovations,and improves diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for liver cancer by integrating recent progress with remaining challenges.展开更多
基金Project partly supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a contract with the Nonpoint Source Management/Water Quality Standard Section of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (No. WM746).
文摘Extractability and mobility of Cu and Zn and their relationships with 1) accumulation of Cu and Zn and 2) soil pH were studied in three sandy soils (Wabasso, Ankona, and Winder) from commercial citrus groves in Florida, USA. The soils, with a broad range of Cu and Zn concentrations, were fractionated by a modified procedure of Amacher, while Cu and Zn mobility were evaluated using column leaching. The extractability of Cu and Zn increased with decreasing soil pH. Also with increasing total soil Cu and Zn for extractable Cu in the Wabasso sand a threshold level, where the metal extraction rate increased, was noted at 100 mg kg-1, whereas for extractable Zn in the Wabasso sand the threshold level was found at 60 mg kg-1 and in the Ankona sand at 120 mg kg-1. These results suggested that the release potential of Cu and Zn was greater in the Wabasso sand than in the Ankona sand. The column leaching experiment showed that at total soil Cu or Zn concentrations < 100 mg kg-1 all leachates had low Cu and Zn concentrations. However at total concentrations > 200 mg kg-1 for Cu and > 150 mg kg-1 for Zn with decreasing soil pH, the concentrations of both Cu and Zn in the leachates increased exponentially. Also in these sandy soils soluble Cu and Zn mainly originated from the exchangeable fractions, and pH was a key factor controlling Cu and Zn extractability and mobility.
文摘Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West Lake and Taihu Lake in China and Lower Lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active' iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/L HCl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/L NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/L MgCl 2 = 0.5 mol/L CaCl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.
基金financial support provided by the Swedish International Development Agencythe Department for Research Co-operation(SIDA/SAREC)and the International Science Program(ISP).
文摘In this study, extractability of 13 organochlorine pesticides aged in six different soil types, was investigated. Acceptable recoveries were achieved for most of the analytes spiked into five of the soil types. No apparent correlation was perceptible between the soil characteristics and extractability of the aged analytes, signifying exhaustiveness of the extraction. However, recovery was considerably minimized (<75%) in the clay ensuring the hypothesis of study stating “extraction efficiency might be matrix dependent”. Therefore, the study demonstrates importance of optimizing extraction conditions even for those believed to be less prone to matrix effect, due to distinct properties of analyte-matrix interactions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49831070 and 40125005) theNational Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No. G1999011807) the JiangSu Provincial Foundation for Young Scientists (No. BQ98050).
文摘An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate themicrobial biomass associated Cu in four contrasting soils to which analkaline stabilised sewage sludge cake was applied. The organisms ofsludge- amended and control soils were killed using γ-irradiationtechnique, and the aqueous and acid-extractable Cu concentrationswere determined. Addition of the sludge product increasedsignificantly the concentration of both the aqueous and diluteHOAc-extractable Cu in all the irradiated soils compared to thenon-sterilised sludge/soil mixtures, but the increase was morepronounced in the dilute acid-extractable Cu, indicating that the Curendered extractable in water and dilute acetic acid by γ-irradiation existed in the both soil liquid and solid phases. Theadditional increase in extractable Cu following the biocidaltreatment is likely to be due to release of Cu from the same fractionof soil microbial biomass.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2014AA022103)the Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGG20B060003)。
文摘A novel silver-based dihydric alcohol extractant was substituted for ionic liquids to enrich methyl linolenate(C18-3)from tallow seed oil methyl ester in this study.The interactions among dihydric alcohol,Ag(I)and C18-3 were explored by FT-IR spectroscopy.The effects of dihydric alcohol structure,carrier Ag(I)concentration,temperature and initial feed concentration on extraction yield and selectivity were reported.The good extraction performance was achieved by 1,4-butanediol containing AgBF4.The complexation of Ag(I)with C18-3 was dominant in extraction operation rather than physical partition.Furthermore,a multi-step reverse extraction method was proposed to obtain C18-3 product and regenerate the extractant.1-Hexene as the stripping phase can facilitate C18-3 reverse extraction.The content of C18-3 in the product was up to 93.36%,and the yield was 73.76%.This work opened a new route for the utilization of the dihydric alcohol properties to manipulate the carrier efficiency for extracting unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters at a lower cost.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203209)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,China(No.SWR-2022-009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY22-012)。
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074031)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(ZR2021MB051,ZR2020ME256)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education(GCP202117)。
文摘Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.
文摘采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和液液萃取(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)结合全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOF-MS)以及香气活度值(odour active value,OAV),对红星二锅头白酒的挥发性成分进行全面解析。研究发现,HS-SPME、LLE分别定性出928、802种挥发性化合物,共计定性出1304种挥发性化合物,共同定性出426种挥发性化合物。基于HS-SPME数据,通过香气数据库筛选出具有香气特征的382种香气化合物,其中酯类相对百分含量占比最高,其次是醇类、酸类和醛类。计算得到了49种香气化合物OAV>1,其中酯类(辛酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯等)和萜烯类(β-大马酮)对白酒风味的贡献最大,醛类(异戊醛、己醛等)和含硫类(二甲基三硫)其次,醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇)和含氮类(2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪)也有一定风味贡献。该研究丰富了红星二锅头白酒的风味研究,也为下一步生产研究及调控提供了理论和数据支撑。
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No.20220203112S)the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project (No.JJKH20210039KJ)。
文摘In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.
文摘The use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoingin vitro fertilization (IVF)has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinct advantages and disadvantages,with fresh sperm typically showing superior sperm quality, while frozen sperm offers logistical flexibility and a reliable backup forrepeated cycles. This review summarizes the latest advancements in sperm retrieval and cryopreservation techniques, providingpractitioners with a comprehensive analysis of each option’s strengths and limitations. Comparative studies indicate that, althoughfresh sperm often has better quality metrics, cryopreservation methods such as vitrification have significantly improved postthawoutcomes, making frozen sperm a viable choice in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings show comparablerates for fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth between fresh and frozen microdissection testicular spermextraction (micro-TESE) sperm in many cases, although patient-specific factors such as timing, cost-effectiveness, and proceduralconvenience should guide the final decision. Ultimately, the choice of using fresh or frozen sperm should align with the individualneeds and conditions of patients. This tailored approach, supported by the latest advancements, can optimize ART outcomes andprovide personalized reproductive care.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR (Nos.0075/2022/A and028/2022/ITP)the Zhuhai Science and Technology Plan Project in the Social Development Field (No.2220004000117)the University of Macao (Nos.MYRG-GRG2023-00082-ICMS-UMDF/CPG2024-00011-ICMS)。
文摘The therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely acknowledged due to its extensive history of clinical effectiveness.However,the precise active components underlying each prescription remain incompletely understood.Polysaccharides,as a major constituent of water decoctions—the most common preparation method for Chinese medicinals—may provide a crucial avenue for deepening our understanding of the efficacy principles of Chinese medicine and establishing a framework for its modern development.The structural complexity and diversity of Chinese herbal polysaccharides present significant challenges in their separation and analysis compared to small molecules.This paper aims to explore the potential of Chinese herbal polysaccharides efficiently by briefly summarizing recent advancements in polysaccharide chemical research,focusing on methods of acquisition,structure elucidation,and quality control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52188102).
文摘Anomaly Detection (AD) has been extensively adopted in industrial settings to facilitate quality control of products. It is critical to industrial production, especially to areas such as aircraft manufacturing, which require strict part qualification rates. Although being more efficient and practical, few-shot AD has not been well explored. The existing AD methods only extract features in a single frequency while defects exist in multiple frequency domains. Moreover, current methods have not fully leveraged the few-shot support samples to extract input-related normal patterns. To address these issues, we propose an industrial few-shot AD method, Feature Extender for Anomaly Detection (FEAD), which extracts normal patterns in multiple frequency domains from few-shot samples under the guidance of the input sample. Firstly, to achieve better coverage of normal patterns in the input sample, we introduce a Sample-Conditioned Transformation Module (SCTM), which transforms support features under the guidance of the input sample to obtain extra normal patterns. Secondly, to effectively distinguish and localize anomaly patterns in multiple frequency domains, we devise an Adaptive Descriptor Construction Module (ADCM) to build and select pattern descriptors in a series of frequencies adaptively. Finally, an auxiliary task for SCTM is designed to ensure the diversity of transformations and include more normal patterns into support features. Extensive experiments on two widely used industrial AD datasets (MVTec-AD and VisA) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FEAD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32301259,32101228,32271527 and 32371536)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C02023 and 2023C02015)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Talented Scholars of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2021LFR058)the Dean-ship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-177-01”.
文摘As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2020ZD20)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22193051)+1 种基金the National Young Top-Notch Talents(No.W03070030)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202011).
文摘Identification of the most appropriate chemically extractable pool for evaluating Cd and Pb availability remains elusive,hindering accurate assessment on environmental risks and effectiveness of remediation strategies.This study evaluated the feasibility of European Community Bureau of Reference(BCR)sequential extraction,Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction,and water extraction on assessing Cd and Pb availability in agricultural soil amended with slaked lime,magnesium hydroxide,corn stover biochar,and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.Moreover,the enriched isotope tracing technique(^(112)Cd and^(206)Pb)was employed to evaluate the aging process of newly introduced Cd and Pbwithin 56 days’incubation.Results demonstrated that extractable pools by BCR and Ca(NO_(3))_(2)extraction were little impacted by amendments and showed little correlation with soil pH.This is notable because soil pH is closely linked to metal availability,indicating these extraction methods may not adequately reflect metal availability.Conversely,water-soluble concentrations of Cd and Pb were markedly influenced by amendments and exhibited strong correlations with pH(Pearson’s r:-0.908 to-0.825,P<0.001),suggesting water extraction as a more sensitive approach.Furthermore,newly introduced metals underwent a more evident aging process as demonstrated by acid-soluble and water-soluble pools.Additionally,water-soluble concentrations of essential metals were impacted by soil amendments,raising caution on their potential effects on plant growth.These findings suggest water extraction as a promising and attractive method to evaluate Cd and Pb availability,which will help provide assessment guidance for environmental risks caused by heavy metals and develop efficient remediation strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND This case report describes a protocol developed by Danaun Medical Clinic for the introduction of a pioneering intervention comprising intravenous human placen-tal extract(HPE)therapy to improve the liver function of patients with chronic liver disease(CLD).CASE SUMMARY This study involved data from patients whose chief complaint was reduced quality of life attributable to CLD.The new treatment approach resulted in improvements in the liver function and fatty liver of 30 patients with CLD.Im-provements were observed using abdominal ultrasonography.Unlike traditional methods,this protocol provided more sustainable and meaningful results.Treat-ment with 10 mL of HPE administered intravenously once or twice per week significantly improved liver function.The observed improvements in fatty liver and liver function suggest the utility of this approach for the management of patients with CLD.CONCLUSION This case series highlights the potential of innovative treatments for patients with CLD that could improve the quality of life of the patients.
文摘In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130112,U24A20789)Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan(DFL20190702)Youth Beijing Scholar(2022-051)。
文摘Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20148)the Major Science and Technology Projects of the Xizang(Tibet)Autonomous Region(XZ202201ZD0004G and XZ202201ZD0004G01).
文摘This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.
文摘With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.
基金the“Intelligent Recognition Industry Service Center”as part of the Featured Areas Research Center Program under the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education(MOE)in Taiwan,and the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,under grants 113-2221-E-224-041 and 113-2622-E-224-002.Additionally,partial support was provided by Isuzu Optics Corporation.
文摘Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment planning.Liver Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present with tissues of similar intensities,making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and challenging.This review examines recent advancements in Liver Segmentation(LS)and Tumor Segmentation(TS)algorithms,highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision,automation,and resilience.Performance metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods,emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical contexts.The review also addresses ongoing challenges in liver tumor segmentation and identification,such as managing high variability in patient data and ensuring robustness across different imaging conditions.It suggests directions for future research,with insights into technological advancements that can enhance surgical planning and diagnostic accuracy by comparing popular methods.This paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of current liver tumor detection techniques,provides a roadmap for future innovations,and improves diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for liver cancer by integrating recent progress with remaining challenges.
