Increasing use of silver in various fields has caused Ag^(+)pollution in water environment,taking great threats to people’s health.As a consequence,establishing rapid and reliable methods for sensitive determination ...Increasing use of silver in various fields has caused Ag^(+)pollution in water environment,taking great threats to people’s health.As a consequence,establishing rapid and reliable methods for sensitive determination of Ag^(+)is of great significance.Fluorescent(FL)sensors based on carbon dots(CDs),an excellent carbonaceous nanomaterial with strong and stable fluorescence,have absorbed extensive attentions in analysis of pollutants due to its advantages of carbon sources being readily available,low cost,easy operation and fast response.Moreover,ion-imprinting is a better way to increase the selectivity of the proposed method.Present work described an effective method for the sensitive measurement of silver ion in water samples in combination with magnetic ion-imprinted solid phase extraction and CDs based fluorescent sensor,which took full advantages of easy separation and high enrichment of magnetic solid phase extraction,high selectivity of ion-imprinting technology,and sensitivity and rapid response of fluorescent sensor from CDs.Sulfur-doped CDs derived from dithizone and magnetic ion-imprinted nanomaterial were prepared,and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope,etc.Magnetic Ag^(+)imprinted nanomaterial based solid phase extraction was employed for separating and enriching Ag^(+)from water samples.The significant parameters were optimized in detail.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provided good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.4μmol/L and low detection limit of 3 nmol/L.The reliability of the proposed method was validated with real water samples,and the results demonstrated that the proposed method was simple,robust,selective and sensitive detection tool for Ag^(+)in real water samples.展开更多
Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of s...Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of solvent, high enrichment factor, high accuracy, etc. In recent years, a variety of new SPE methods such as molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）, magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE）, solid phase micro-extraction （SPME）, etc., which are superior to the conventional SPE, have been developed and been widely applied to food, drugs, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of SPE and its new applications in different areas are reviewed.展开更多
Aim An HPLC method for analyzing eleutheroside B (ELU B) and eleutheroside E(ELU E) , two of the main active substances of Acanthopanax preparations were studied. Methods Thesamples were analyzed on a kromasil ODS col...Aim An HPLC method for analyzing eleutheroside B (ELU B) and eleutheroside E(ELU E) , two of the main active substances of Acanthopanax preparations were studied. Methods Thesamples were analyzed on a kromasil ODS column with water-acetonitrile as a gradient mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^(-1) and detecting wavelengths were 206 nm for ELU B, 220 nm for ELUE, solid phase extraction (SPE) and internal standard-salicin were selected. Results The recoveriesof Acanthopanax tablets and injection were 90.4% - 96.8% and 96.4% - 99.8% for ELU B, 87.7% -93.3%and 95.7% - 98.5% for ELU E, respectively. The linear ranges were 4.45 - 22.25 μg· mL^(-1) (r =0.999 8) and 5.11 - 25.55 μg·mL^(-1) ( r = 0.999 7) respectively. Conclusion This method can savethe time for cleaning the chromatographic system and improve sensitivity for Acanthopanaxpreparations , thus providing a way to evaluate the quality of Acanthopanax preparations.展开更多
Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers （DMIPs） for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol （NNAL） were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-（a...Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers （DMIPs） for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol （NNAL） were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol, 4- （methylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol, and 1-（3-pyridyl）-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy （XPS） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. Interactions between NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni- trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （DMISPE） was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Under optimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.展开更多
An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction （SPE） combined with gas chromatography （GC） was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）： acenaphtylene, ...An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction （SPE） combined with gas chromatography （GC） was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）： acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.8 μg/mL, repeatability of the extraction （RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5） and satisfactory detection limits （0.017-0.059 μg/mL）. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water （tap, river and dam） samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.展开更多
A sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence method has been developed for the detection of resveratrol in red wine based on the fact that resveratrol can greatly enhance chemiluminescence reaction between KMnO4 and H...A sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence method has been developed for the detection of resveratrol in red wine based on the fact that resveratrol can greatly enhance chemiluminescence reaction between KMnO4 and HCHO in sulfuric acid medium. Analytes were pre-concentrated on solid sorbents （C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges）. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method allows the measurement of resveratrol over the range of 1.32 × 10^-8 to 1.32 × 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.30 ×10^-9 mol/L, and the relative standard deviation for 1.32 ×10^-5 mol/L resveratrol （n = 11） is 3.8%. This method has been successfully applied for the determination of the resveratrol in red wine. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.展开更多
Octylphenols, considered as xenoestrogens, mainly exist as 4-tert-octylphenol （OP） in aquatic environments. The high stability and accumulation of OP in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. The OP in su...Octylphenols, considered as xenoestrogens, mainly exist as 4-tert-octylphenol （OP） in aquatic environments. The high stability and accumulation of OP in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. The OP in surface water in Jinan, China was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） coupled with solid phase extraction （SPE）. Water samples were extracted by SPE on a cartridge system containing C-18 as sorbent. To increase sensitivity and selectivity, OP was derivatized to 4-tert-octyl-phenoxy silane. With the use of phenanthrene-d10 as internal standard, the detection limit based on signal-to-noise ratio （S/N = 3） was 0.06 ng/mL. The average recovery was from 84.67% to 109.7%. The precision of the method given as the relative standard deviations （RSD） was within the range 6.24%-12.96%. In the target water samples, the concentrations of OP were as follows： 15.88-71.24 ng/L for Jinxiuchuan Reservoir, 3.850-26.68 ng/L for the city moat, 6.930-41.56 ng/L for Daming Lake, 66.03-474.2 ng/L for Xiaoqing River, 14.66-17.72 ng/L for the Yellow River, and 10.60-26.43 ng/L for Queshan Reservoir. The Xiaoqing River was seriously polluted due to the discharge of wastewater from Jinan. Jinxiuchuan Reservoir had a higher concentration of OP compared with the Yellow River and Queshan Reservoir, which is ascribed to the surrounding human activities. These data are reported for the first time, providing strong support for the control of OP pollution in Jinan.展开更多
The determination of the methamidaphos pesticide residue on vegetables with a simple solid phase extract（SPE） flow injection（FI） -chemiluminescence（CL） method is described. The method is based on the enhancing e...The determination of the methamidaphos pesticide residue on vegetables with a simple solid phase extract（SPE） flow injection（FI） -chemiluminescence（CL） method is described. The method is based on the enhancing effect of methamidaphos on the CL reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline solution. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity is linear to the methamidaphos mass concentration in a range of 0. 2-13μg/mL （ r= 0. 9992）. The detection limit（3σ） is 0. 047μg/mL. The relative standard deviations for the analysis of three samples are 1.8%, 2.5% and 3.7% （ n = 5 ）, respectively. The recovery is in a range of 90%-109% by the method. In this work, this method was successfully applied to the determination of the methamidaphos residue on some vegetable samples.展开更多
This work describes a systematic approach to the development of a method for simultaneous determination of three classes of veterinary antibiotics in the suspended solids （SS） of swine wastewater, including five sul...This work describes a systematic approach to the development of a method for simultaneous determination of three classes of veterinary antibiotics in the suspended solids （SS） of swine wastewater, including five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and one macrolide （tiamulin）. The entire procedures for sample pretreatment, ultrasonic extraction （USE）, solid-phase extraction （SPE）, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS） quantification were examined and optimized. The recovery efficiencies were found to be 76%-104% for sulfonamides, 81%-112% for tetracyclines, and 51%--64% for tiamulin at three spiking levels. The intra-day and inter-day precisions, as expressed by the relative standard deviation （RSD）, were below 17%. The method detection limits （MDLs） were between 0.14 and 7.14 μg/kg, depending on a specific antibiotic studied. The developed method was applied to field samples collected from three concentrated swine feeding plants located in Beijing, Shanghai and Shandong province of China. All the investigated antibiotics were detected in both SS and liquid phase of swine wastewater, with partition coefficients （logKd） ranging from 0.49 to 2.30. This study demonstrates that the SS can not be ignored when determining the concentrations of antibiotics in swine wastewater.展开更多
Surface molecularly imprinted polymers （SMIPs） for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological...Surface molecularly imprinted polymers （SMIPs） for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity （13.5 lag/mg）, high recognition ability （the imprinted factor is 3.2） and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of anapicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1% to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.展开更多
Solid phase extraction is widely used in sample pretreatment,concentration and analysis processes due to high selectivity and suitability for low concentration sample system.In this review,we systematically summarized...Solid phase extraction is widely used in sample pretreatment,concentration and analysis processes due to high selectivity and suitability for low concentration sample system.In this review,we systematically summarized and discussed the development trends of solid phase extraction by bibliometrics method.By analyzing papers output scale,the research and development direction of solid phase extraction technology is prospected.We also give an overview on current strategies of novel solid phase extraction from the separation medium and separation technology.The paper aims to describe the global research profile and the development trends of solid phase extraction,to help researchers to accurately grasp the research trend and to provide support for scientific research institutions to formulate scientific policies and strategic plans.Furthermore,the prospect of the development and application of solid phase extraction is also discussed.展开更多
A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid phase extraction(SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography(GC) with flame ionization detection(FID) for determination of volatile ...A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid phase extraction(SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography(GC) with flame ionization detection(FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15 cm depth of water. Two hundred ml of n hexane pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C 18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0 104 to 0 372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0 372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation(RSD) of 6 2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C 18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceeding 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2 7% RSD.展开更多
A monolithic polymer column with mixed-mode interaction was prepared by in situ polymerization in a 1000μL pipette. Two kinds of monomers, butyl methacrylate （BMA） and 2-（dimethylamino）ethyl methacrylate （DMAM）...A monolithic polymer column with mixed-mode interaction was prepared by in situ polymerization in a 1000μL pipette. Two kinds of monomers, butyl methacrylate （BMA） and 2-（dimethylamino）ethyl methacrylate （DMAM） were applied to constructing the mixed-mode interaction of monolithic polymer column. Its solid-phase extraction properties for liquiritigenin （LQG） were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with a gradient elution procedure. After the extraction procedure was optimized, the maximum binding capacity and extraction recovery following the optimal extraction procedure were investigated. Calibration curve was expressed as A = 65.9C ＋ 4.53 （r2 = 0.998） with a linear range of 0.151-1.80μg/mL. The experimental results indicate that the monolithic polymer pipette presents good extraction efficiency for LQG. It can be envisaged that the developed monolithic polymer pipette possesses the potential for its application to the enrichment of other flavonoids compounds being similar to the structure of LQG.展开更多
This paper developed a fluorometric method for the sensitive determination of nonylphenol in water samples by preconcentration with zirconium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes solid phase extraction.The parameters on e...This paper developed a fluorometric method for the sensitive determination of nonylphenol in water samples by preconcentration with zirconium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes solid phase extraction.The parameters on extraction that would influence the enrichment performance such as the kind and volume of eluent,sample pH,sample flow rate,and sample volume were optimized in detail.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provided an excellent linear range of 1-150 mg/L and good LOD of 0.076 mg/L.The relative standard deviation（RSD,n = 6） was 2.8%.Proposed method was also used for the analysis of real water samples and the spiked recoveries were satisfied in the range of 98.7-103%.展开更多
A new chelating resin （CPS-DMA-SABA） was synthesized with the chloromethylated crossqinked polystyrene porous beads （CPS） as raw materials, which were bonded with salicylidene-o-aminobenzoic acid （SABA） on the s...A new chelating resin （CPS-DMA-SABA） was synthesized with the chloromethylated crossqinked polystyrene porous beads （CPS） as raw materials, which were bonded with salicylidene-o-aminobenzoic acid （SABA） on the surface via a quaternary ammonium unit as a linker. The results showed that CPS-DMA-SABA would easily change into a zwitterionic chelating resin （CPS-DMA-SABZ） when washed with distilled water. CPS-DMA-SABA was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The ion sorption capacities of CPS-DMA-SABA were found to be 1916 μg/g for Zn2＋ withpH at 4.5, 1620μg/g for Cu2＋ with pH at 6.2, 1291 μg/g for Ni2＋ withpH at 6.6 and 780 μg/g for Cr3＋ withpH at 5.5, respectively. The experiments showed CPS-DMA-SABA also changed its color when meeting with the metal ion in the aqueous solution. As a consequence, CPS-DMA-SABA can not only be used as a solid phase extractant but also an indicator for confirming the heavy metal ion in solutions.展开更多
A novel capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of Cu and Pb has been developed in this paper.Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions were reacted with ABEDTA to form complex to achieve an ideal sensitivity...A novel capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of Cu and Pb has been developed in this paper.Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions were reacted with ABEDTA to form complex to achieve an ideal sensitivity of heavy metal complexes.The digestion solution of Rhizoma coptidis drug sample was purified by neutral Al_2O_3 column chromatography and the chromatographic behavior of metal-L complexes was investigated.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5-60μg/mL for Cu^（2＋） and 5-25μg/mL for Pb^（2＋） with the correlation coefficients 0.9970 and 0.9972 for each（n = 5）.The average recoveries were 86.2%for Pb and 90.1%for Cu,while the relative standard deviations were 5.1%and 3.6%respectively.The method was successfully applied to determine Cu and Pb in R.coptidis drug samples.展开更多
The aim of this work was to develop an automated on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of fifteen sulfonamides in pork and fish samples.Samples...The aim of this work was to develop an automated on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of fifteen sulfonamides in pork and fish samples.Samples were extracted with 0.2%formic acid acetonitrile solution,purified by on-line SPE device with HLB column,then separated by XBridge C18 column,using 0.1%formic acid solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase.Mass spectrometric data was acquired under multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode using positive ionization electrospray.Internal standard method was used in the quantification,good linear relationship was got in range of 0.1–100 ng/mL and correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9990.The limits of detection were in the range of 0.125–2.00g/kg and the limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.250–5.00g/kg.Recoveries of the method were in range of 78.3%–99.3%,relative standard deviation were lower than 10%.The method was simple,sensitivity,and could be used for routine supervision and analysis of fifteen sulfonamides in pork and fish.展开更多
A procedure for the preconcentration of copper was described in this paper using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) oxidized by potassium permanganate as the adsorbent for the enrichment of trace copper in water s...A procedure for the preconcentration of copper was described in this paper using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) oxidized by potassium permanganate as the adsorbent for the enrichment of trace copper in water samples. Important parameters, such as the sample pH, the concentration and volume of eluent, sample flow rate and volume, and interference of coexisting ions, were investigated. The obtained results indicated that proposed method possessed an excellent analytical performance. The linear range, the detection limit, and precison (RSD) were 1–100 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.9993), 0.32 ng/mL and 2.88%, respectively. The results showed that copper could be adsorbed quantitatively on the pretreated MWCNTs with potassium permanganate, and proposed method was very useful in the monitoring of copper in the environment.展开更多
Surface-active organic molecules(surfactants)may influence the ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei by reducing its surface tension.One source of organic mass in aerosol particles,which...Surface-active organic molecules(surfactants)may influence the ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei by reducing its surface tension.One source of organic mass in aerosol particles,which may also contain surfactants,is bubble bursting on the sea surface.In order to directly compare these molecules in the ocean and aerosol particles,we developed a method using multiple solid phase extractions and high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize surface active organic molecules in both.This method has extraction efficiencies greater than 85%,75%,and 60%for anionic,cationic,and nonionic surfactant standards,respectively.In this study,we demonstrate the presence of three ionic classes of surface active organics in atmospheric aerosol particles and estuarine water from Skidaway Island,GA.With this extraction method,organic molecules from both estuarine water and atmospheric aerosol particles significantly reduced surface tension of pure water(surface tension depression of~18 m N/m)and had high ratios of hydrogen to carbon(H/C)and low ratios of oxygen to carbon(O/C),indicative of surfactants.While previous work has observed a larger fraction of anionic surface active organics in seawater and marine aerosol particles,here we show cationic surface active organics may make up a large fraction of the total surface active molecules in estuarine water(43%–47%).展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to develop a method of C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chro- matography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of s...[Objective] This study aimed to develop a method of C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chro- matography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of sulfadimidine in royal jelly. [Method] The royal jelly samples were pretreated by MCX SPE column and C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles, and the purified samples were de- tected by HPLC-MS/MS. [Result] The detection method showed a good linear rela- tionship in the range of 5-80 ugkg （r=0.993 1）. The recovery ranges were between 93%- 104% with the relative standard deviations （RSD） below 11.3%. [Conclusion] Combined with automation equipment, the method is simple, fast, time-saving, and easy to real- ize the automation of sulfadimidine in the royal jelly samples before determination.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976211).
文摘Increasing use of silver in various fields has caused Ag^(+)pollution in water environment,taking great threats to people’s health.As a consequence,establishing rapid and reliable methods for sensitive determination of Ag^(+)is of great significance.Fluorescent(FL)sensors based on carbon dots(CDs),an excellent carbonaceous nanomaterial with strong and stable fluorescence,have absorbed extensive attentions in analysis of pollutants due to its advantages of carbon sources being readily available,low cost,easy operation and fast response.Moreover,ion-imprinting is a better way to increase the selectivity of the proposed method.Present work described an effective method for the sensitive measurement of silver ion in water samples in combination with magnetic ion-imprinted solid phase extraction and CDs based fluorescent sensor,which took full advantages of easy separation and high enrichment of magnetic solid phase extraction,high selectivity of ion-imprinting technology,and sensitivity and rapid response of fluorescent sensor from CDs.Sulfur-doped CDs derived from dithizone and magnetic ion-imprinted nanomaterial were prepared,and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope,etc.Magnetic Ag^(+)imprinted nanomaterial based solid phase extraction was employed for separating and enriching Ag^(+)from water samples.The significant parameters were optimized in detail.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provided good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.4μmol/L and low detection limit of 3 nmol/L.The reliability of the proposed method was validated with real water samples,and the results demonstrated that the proposed method was simple,robust,selective and sensitive detection tool for Ag^(+)in real water samples.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province
文摘Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of solvent, high enrichment factor, high accuracy, etc. In recent years, a variety of new SPE methods such as molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）, magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE）, solid phase micro-extraction （SPME）, etc., which are superior to the conventional SPE, have been developed and been widely applied to food, drugs, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of SPE and its new applications in different areas are reviewed.
文摘Aim An HPLC method for analyzing eleutheroside B (ELU B) and eleutheroside E(ELU E) , two of the main active substances of Acanthopanax preparations were studied. Methods Thesamples were analyzed on a kromasil ODS column with water-acetonitrile as a gradient mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^(-1) and detecting wavelengths were 206 nm for ELU B, 220 nm for ELUE, solid phase extraction (SPE) and internal standard-salicin were selected. Results The recoveriesof Acanthopanax tablets and injection were 90.4% - 96.8% and 96.4% - 99.8% for ELU B, 87.7% -93.3%and 95.7% - 98.5% for ELU E, respectively. The linear ranges were 4.45 - 22.25 μg· mL^(-1) (r =0.999 8) and 5.11 - 25.55 μg·mL^(-1) ( r = 0.999 7) respectively. Conclusion This method can savethe time for cleaning the chromatographic system and improve sensitivity for Acanthopanaxpreparations , thus providing a way to evaluate the quality of Acanthopanax preparations.
文摘Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers （DMIPs） for 4-（methylnitrosamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol （NNAL） were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol, 4- （methylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-1-butanol, and 1-（3-pyridyl）-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy （XPS） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. Interactions between NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni- trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by 4-（acetymethylamino）-1-（3-pyridyl）-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （DMISPE） was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Under optimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.
文摘An analytical method based on TiO2 nanotubes solid-phase extraction （SPE） combined with gas chromatography （GC） was established for the analysis of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）： acenaphtylene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Factors affecting the extraction efficiency including the eluent type and its volume, adsorbent amount, sample volume, sample pH and sample flow rate were optimized. The characteristic data of analytical performance were determined to investigate the sensitivity and precision of the method. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.8 μg/mL, repeatability of the extraction （RSD were between 6.7% and 13.5%, n = 5） and satisfactory detection limits （0.017-0.059 μg/mL）. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of surface water （tap, river and dam） samples. The recoveries of PAHs spiked in environmental water samples ranged from 90% to 100%. All the results indicated the potential application of titanate nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbents to pre-treat water samples.
文摘A sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence method has been developed for the detection of resveratrol in red wine based on the fact that resveratrol can greatly enhance chemiluminescence reaction between KMnO4 and HCHO in sulfuric acid medium. Analytes were pre-concentrated on solid sorbents （C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges）. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method allows the measurement of resveratrol over the range of 1.32 × 10^-8 to 1.32 × 10^-5 mol/L with a detection limit of 3.30 ×10^-9 mol/L, and the relative standard deviation for 1.32 ×10^-5 mol/L resveratrol （n = 11） is 3.8%. This method has been successfully applied for the determination of the resveratrol in red wine. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism was also discussed.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KF2009-13)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21007019, 21107030,21277059, 21277060)
文摘Octylphenols, considered as xenoestrogens, mainly exist as 4-tert-octylphenol （OP） in aquatic environments. The high stability and accumulation of OP in aquatic systems have caused endocrine disruption. The OP in surface water in Jinan, China was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） coupled with solid phase extraction （SPE）. Water samples were extracted by SPE on a cartridge system containing C-18 as sorbent. To increase sensitivity and selectivity, OP was derivatized to 4-tert-octyl-phenoxy silane. With the use of phenanthrene-d10 as internal standard, the detection limit based on signal-to-noise ratio （S/N = 3） was 0.06 ng/mL. The average recovery was from 84.67% to 109.7%. The precision of the method given as the relative standard deviations （RSD） was within the range 6.24%-12.96%. In the target water samples, the concentrations of OP were as follows： 15.88-71.24 ng/L for Jinxiuchuan Reservoir, 3.850-26.68 ng/L for the city moat, 6.930-41.56 ng/L for Daming Lake, 66.03-474.2 ng/L for Xiaoqing River, 14.66-17.72 ng/L for the Yellow River, and 10.60-26.43 ng/L for Queshan Reservoir. The Xiaoqing River was seriously polluted due to the discharge of wastewater from Jinan. Jinxiuchuan Reservoir had a higher concentration of OP compared with the Yellow River and Queshan Reservoir, which is ascribed to the surrounding human activities. These data are reported for the first time, providing strong support for the control of OP pollution in Jinan.
文摘The determination of the methamidaphos pesticide residue on vegetables with a simple solid phase extract（SPE） flow injection（FI） -chemiluminescence（CL） method is described. The method is based on the enhancing effect of methamidaphos on the CL reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline solution. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity is linear to the methamidaphos mass concentration in a range of 0. 2-13μg/mL （ r= 0. 9992）. The detection limit（3σ） is 0. 047μg/mL. The relative standard deviations for the analysis of three samples are 1.8%, 2.5% and 3.7% （ n = 5 ）, respectively. The recovery is in a range of 90%-109% by the method. In this work, this method was successfully applied to the determination of the methamidaphos residue on some vegetable samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50878206, 50921064)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2007AA06Z344,2009BAC57B02, 2009AA063901)
文摘This work describes a systematic approach to the development of a method for simultaneous determination of three classes of veterinary antibiotics in the suspended solids （SS） of swine wastewater, including five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and one macrolide （tiamulin）. The entire procedures for sample pretreatment, ultrasonic extraction （USE）, solid-phase extraction （SPE）, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS） quantification were examined and optimized. The recovery efficiencies were found to be 76%-104% for sulfonamides, 81%-112% for tetracyclines, and 51%--64% for tiamulin at three spiking levels. The intra-day and inter-day precisions, as expressed by the relative standard deviation （RSD）, were below 17%. The method detection limits （MDLs） were between 0.14 and 7.14 μg/kg, depending on a specific antibiotic studied. The developed method was applied to field samples collected from three concentrated swine feeding plants located in Beijing, Shanghai and Shandong province of China. All the investigated antibiotics were detected in both SS and liquid phase of swine wastewater, with partition coefficients （logKd） ranging from 0.49 to 2.30. This study demonstrates that the SS can not be ignored when determining the concentrations of antibiotics in swine wastewater.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81573391 and 81173024)the National Key Projects of China (No. 812277802)
文摘Surface molecularly imprinted polymers （SMIPs） for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity （13.5 lag/mg）, high recognition ability （the imprinted factor is 3.2） and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of anapicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1% to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.
基金financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (2194086)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21922814, 21676273, 21961160745, 31961133019 and 21921005)
文摘Solid phase extraction is widely used in sample pretreatment,concentration and analysis processes due to high selectivity and suitability for low concentration sample system.In this review,we systematically summarized and discussed the development trends of solid phase extraction by bibliometrics method.By analyzing papers output scale,the research and development direction of solid phase extraction technology is prospected.We also give an overview on current strategies of novel solid phase extraction from the separation medium and separation technology.The paper aims to describe the global research profile and the development trends of solid phase extraction,to help researchers to accurately grasp the research trend and to provide support for scientific research institutions to formulate scientific policies and strategic plans.Furthermore,the prospect of the development and application of solid phase extraction is also discussed.
文摘A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid phase extraction(SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography(GC) with flame ionization detection(FID) for determination of volatile organic compound(VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene(BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15 cm depth of water. Two hundred ml of n hexane pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C 18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0 104 to 0 372 μg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0 372 μg/ml with a relative standard deviation(RSD) of 6 2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C 18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceeding 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4℃ with a 2 7% RSD.
基金supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30801515)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(No.[2011]1139)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS(No.ACL201202)
文摘A monolithic polymer column with mixed-mode interaction was prepared by in situ polymerization in a 1000μL pipette. Two kinds of monomers, butyl methacrylate （BMA） and 2-（dimethylamino）ethyl methacrylate （DMAM） were applied to constructing the mixed-mode interaction of monolithic polymer column. Its solid-phase extraction properties for liquiritigenin （LQG） were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with a gradient elution procedure. After the extraction procedure was optimized, the maximum binding capacity and extraction recovery following the optimal extraction procedure were investigated. Calibration curve was expressed as A = 65.9C ＋ 4.53 （r2 = 0.998） with a linear range of 0.151-1.80μg/mL. The experimental results indicate that the monolithic polymer pipette presents good extraction efficiency for LQG. It can be envisaged that the developed monolithic polymer pipette possesses the potential for its application to the enrichment of other flavonoids compounds being similar to the structure of LQG.
文摘This paper developed a fluorometric method for the sensitive determination of nonylphenol in water samples by preconcentration with zirconium doped titanium dioxide nanotubes solid phase extraction.The parameters on extraction that would influence the enrichment performance such as the kind and volume of eluent,sample pH,sample flow rate,and sample volume were optimized in detail.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provided an excellent linear range of 1-150 mg/L and good LOD of 0.076 mg/L.The relative standard deviation（RSD,n = 6） was 2.8%.Proposed method was also used for the analysis of real water samples and the spiked recoveries were satisfied in the range of 98.7-103%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50873042)the Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.11KJA430008)
文摘A new chelating resin （CPS-DMA-SABA） was synthesized with the chloromethylated crossqinked polystyrene porous beads （CPS） as raw materials, which were bonded with salicylidene-o-aminobenzoic acid （SABA） on the surface via a quaternary ammonium unit as a linker. The results showed that CPS-DMA-SABA would easily change into a zwitterionic chelating resin （CPS-DMA-SABZ） when washed with distilled water. CPS-DMA-SABA was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The ion sorption capacities of CPS-DMA-SABA were found to be 1916 μg/g for Zn2＋ withpH at 4.5, 1620μg/g for Cu2＋ with pH at 6.2, 1291 μg/g for Ni2＋ withpH at 6.6 and 780 μg/g for Cr3＋ withpH at 5.5, respectively. The experiments showed CPS-DMA-SABA also changed its color when meeting with the metal ion in the aqueous solution. As a consequence, CPS-DMA-SABA can not only be used as a solid phase extractant but also an indicator for confirming the heavy metal ion in solutions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No30672618)Major National S&T Program of China(No2009ZX09502-026)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(No201104073)
文摘A novel capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of Cu and Pb has been developed in this paper.Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions were reacted with ABEDTA to form complex to achieve an ideal sensitivity of heavy metal complexes.The digestion solution of Rhizoma coptidis drug sample was purified by neutral Al_2O_3 column chromatography and the chromatographic behavior of metal-L complexes was investigated.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5-60μg/mL for Cu^（2＋） and 5-25μg/mL for Pb^（2＋） with the correlation coefficients 0.9970 and 0.9972 for each（n = 5）.The average recoveries were 86.2%for Pb and 90.1%for Cu,while the relative standard deviations were 5.1%and 3.6%respectively.The method was successfully applied to determine Cu and Pb in R.coptidis drug samples.
基金This work was supported by“National Key Research and Development Program of China”(Project No.2018YFC1603400)Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(Project No.19225503D).
文摘The aim of this work was to develop an automated on-line solid phase extraction(SPE)with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of fifteen sulfonamides in pork and fish samples.Samples were extracted with 0.2%formic acid acetonitrile solution,purified by on-line SPE device with HLB column,then separated by XBridge C18 column,using 0.1%formic acid solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase.Mass spectrometric data was acquired under multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode using positive ionization electrospray.Internal standard method was used in the quantification,good linear relationship was got in range of 0.1–100 ng/mL and correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9990.The limits of detection were in the range of 0.125–2.00g/kg and the limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.250–5.00g/kg.Recoveries of the method were in range of 78.3%–99.3%,relative standard deviation were lower than 10%.The method was simple,sensitivity,and could be used for routine supervision and analysis of fifteen sulfonamides in pork and fish.
文摘A procedure for the preconcentration of copper was described in this paper using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) oxidized by potassium permanganate as the adsorbent for the enrichment of trace copper in water samples. Important parameters, such as the sample pH, the concentration and volume of eluent, sample flow rate and volume, and interference of coexisting ions, were investigated. The obtained results indicated that proposed method possessed an excellent analytical performance. The linear range, the detection limit, and precison (RSD) were 1–100 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.9993), 0.32 ng/mL and 2.88%, respectively. The results showed that copper could be adsorbed quantitatively on the pretreated MWCNTs with potassium permanganate, and proposed method was very useful in the monitoring of copper in the environment.
基金supported by the University of Georgia Investment in Sciences Initiative and Office of Researchthe University of Georgia Junior Faculty Seed Grant。
文摘Surface-active organic molecules(surfactants)may influence the ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei by reducing its surface tension.One source of organic mass in aerosol particles,which may also contain surfactants,is bubble bursting on the sea surface.In order to directly compare these molecules in the ocean and aerosol particles,we developed a method using multiple solid phase extractions and high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize surface active organic molecules in both.This method has extraction efficiencies greater than 85%,75%,and 60%for anionic,cationic,and nonionic surfactant standards,respectively.In this study,we demonstrate the presence of three ionic classes of surface active organics in atmospheric aerosol particles and estuarine water from Skidaway Island,GA.With this extraction method,organic molecules from both estuarine water and atmospheric aerosol particles significantly reduced surface tension of pure water(surface tension depression of~18 m N/m)and had high ratios of hydrogen to carbon(H/C)and low ratios of oxygen to carbon(O/C),indicative of surfactants.While previous work has observed a larger fraction of anionic surface active organics in seawater and marine aerosol particles,here we show cationic surface active organics may make up a large fraction of the total surface active molecules in estuarine water(43%–47%).
基金Supported by the Innovation Fund for Technology Based Firms of Ministry of Science and Technology(09C26214425280)the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(2012BAK17B10)the International S&T Cooperation and Communication Program of China(2011DFA32930)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to develop a method of C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chro- matography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of sulfadimidine in royal jelly. [Method] The royal jelly samples were pretreated by MCX SPE column and C_18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles, and the purified samples were de- tected by HPLC-MS/MS. [Result] The detection method showed a good linear rela- tionship in the range of 5-80 ugkg （r=0.993 1）. The recovery ranges were between 93%- 104% with the relative standard deviations （RSD） below 11.3%. [Conclusion] Combined with automation equipment, the method is simple, fast, time-saving, and easy to real- ize the automation of sulfadimidine in the royal jelly samples before determination.
