In the information era,enterprises can enhance organizational performance through advanced information technology.Based on the resource-based view,this paper examines the mechanism by which information technology(IT)i...In the information era,enterprises can enhance organizational performance through advanced information technology.Based on the resource-based view,this paper examines the mechanism by which information technology(IT)investment influences organizational performance,with the external environment as a moderating variable.Using 265 valid samples collected from agricultural enterprises in Shandong province,this study conducts an empirical test through partial least squares structural equation modeling.The results demonstrate that IT investment has a significant positive effect on organizational performance,and the external environment significantly moderates the relationship between IT investment and organizational performance.This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between IT investment and organizational performance,enriches resource-based theory,expands the research framework on IT investment,and offers guidance for enterprises seeking sustainable growth.展开更多
The contamination status of H5 avian influenza viruses and distribution of subtypes of H5N1 and H5N6 in poultry-related environment of Hubei areas were investigated.Urban and rural live poultry markets,poultry farms,i...The contamination status of H5 avian influenza viruses and distribution of subtypes of H5N1 and H5N6 in poultry-related environment of Hubei areas were investigated.Urban and rural live poultry markets,poultry farms,intensive livestock farms and other monitoring types of 103 counties in 17 cities were selected in Hubei.Wiping samples from cage surface,wiping samples from chopping board,fecal specimens and other environmental samples were collected and tested by real-time RT-PCR using primers and probes of influenza A,avian influenza of H5,N1 and N6 from December 2017 to March 2018.The avian influenza virus positive rate was compared among different monitoring sites,samples,time and regions.Totally,7132 environmental samples were collected in 1634 monitoring points with a positive rate of 2.24%.The positive rate of H5 avian influenza virus was the highest in urban and rural live poultry markets(3.44%,x^2=61.329,P<0.05)in 6 monitoring sites and wiping samples from chopping board(5.46%,x^2=67.072,P<0.05)in 6 sample types.H5N6 avian influenza viruses were detected more in eastern than western Hubei,and H5N6 avian influenza viruses were detected only in Xiangyang city of western Hubei.There were important high-risk places of human infection with H5 avian influenza virus in urban and rural live poultry markets and the poultry slaughtering plants.H5N6 has been the predominant subtype of H5 avian influenza viruses in the eastern and western Hubei and H5N6 avian influenza viruses were still present in a few areas of Hubei.Outbreaks of human H5N1 and H5N6 avian influenza remain at risk in Hubei province.展开更多
To serve the cause of building a great modern socialist country in all respects and achieving national rejuvenation through the Chinese path to modernization is a glorious mission of major-country diplomacy with Chine...To serve the cause of building a great modern socialist country in all respects and achieving national rejuvenation through the Chinese path to modernization is a glorious mission of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization(hereinafter referred to as the Resolution)adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)emphasizes that in the external work,we must“foster a favorable external environment for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization.”展开更多
Ice flashover,lightning flashover and bird damage are the main reasons that cause transmission facility failure.The impact of these environmental factors on the operational risk levels of power systems should be taken...Ice flashover,lightning flashover and bird damage are the main reasons that cause transmission facility failure.The impact of these environmental factors on the operational risk levels of power systems should be taken into account in power system maintenance scheduling and operation planning.This paper studies the midshort-term risk assessment methodology considering the impact of the external environment.The relationship model between natural disasters and transmission lines is presented.The conditional outage rate model and the sampling technique are then proposed considering the correlated outage of multiple transmission lines when a disaster happens.The framework of the mid-short-term risk assessment model is outlined.A test case of Jiangxi provincial power grid validates the proposed model.The results show that the model can quantify the impact of disasters on the forced outage rate of transmission component and their outage correlation,and thus effectively revealing the mid-short-term risk of power systems.The model can facilitate a more strategic decision-making on maintenance scheduling and operation planning of power systems.展开更多
A high-grade green space environment will provide necessary environmental support to the outdoor activities of disadvantaged groups including the elderly and is thus helpful for promoting their physical activity level...A high-grade green space environment will provide necessary environmental support to the outdoor activities of disadvantaged groups including the elderly and is thus helpful for promoting their physical activity level and life quality.This paper takes the urban area of Dalian City as an example and divides the external environmental characteristics of a green space into three aspects including the diversity degree of facilities,the richness level of street functions,and the mixing degree of land use.Based on the data of a survey on activities by elderly in green space,the paper conducts an in-depth study on the statistical correlation between the external environmental characteristics of green space and the frequency of use by the elderly.The study shows that diversified facility types around a green space are conducive to a rise in the frequency of use of this space by the elderly,out of which the effect of functional facilities such as school and food market is the most significant.In addition,being adjacent to streets full of daily life or being mixed with residential land use will increase the frequency of use of the green space by the elderly.This paper puts forward certain environmental upgrading strategies for green space from the perspective of external environmental characteristics in order to help build up green space that is use-friendly to the elderly.展开更多
Purpose–The safety of high-speed rail operation environments is an important guarantee for the safe operation of high-speed rail.The operating environment of the high-speed rail is complex,and the main factors affect...Purpose–The safety of high-speed rail operation environments is an important guarantee for the safe operation of high-speed rail.The operating environment of the high-speed rail is complex,and the main factors affecting the safety of high-speed rail operating environment include meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and external environmental hazards.The purpose of the paper is to elaborate on the current research status and team research progress on the perception of safety situation in high-speed rail operation environment and to propose directions for further research in the future.Design/methodology/approach–In terms of the mechanism and spatio-temporal evolution law of the main influencing factors on the safety of high-speed rail operation environments,the research status is elaborated,and the latest research progress and achievements of the team are introduced.This paper elaborates on the research status and introduces the latest research progress and achievements of the team in terms of meteorological,perimeter and external environmental situation perception methods for high-speed rail operation.Findings–Based on the technical route of“situational awareness evaluation warning active control,”a technical system for monitoring the safety of high-speed train operation environments has been formed.Relevant theoretical and technical research and application have been carried out around the impact of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and the external environment on high-speed rail safety.These works strongly support the improvement of China’s railway environmental safety guarantee technology.Originality/value–With the operation of CR450 high-speed trains with a speed of 400 kmper hour and the application of high-speed train autonomous driving technology in the future,new and higher requirements have been put forward for the safety of high-speed rail operation environments.The following five aspects of work are urgently needed:(1)Research the single factor disaster mechanism of wind,rain,snow,lightning,etc.for high-speed railways with a speed of 400 kms per hour,and based on this,study the evolution characteristics of multiple safety factors and the correlation between the high-speed driving safety environment,revealing the coupling disastermechanism ofmultiple influencing factors;(2)Research covers multi-source data fusion methods and associated features such as disaster monitoring data,meteorological information,route characteristics and terrain and landforms,studying the spatio-temporal evolution laws of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusions and external environmental hazards;(3)In terms of meteorological disaster situation awareness,research high-precision prediction methods for meteorological information time series along high-speed rail lines and study the realization of small-scale real-time dynamic and accurate prediction of meteorological disasters along high-speed rail lines;(4)In terms of perimeter intrusion,research amulti-modal fusion perception method for typical scenarios of high-speed rail operation in all time,all weather and all coverage and combine artificial intelligence technology to achieve comprehensive and accurate perception of perimeter security risks along the high-speed rail line and(5)In terms of external environment,based on the existing general network framework for change detection,we will carry out research on change detection and algorithms in the surrounding environment of highspeed rail.展开更多
According to the biomechanic theory and method, the dynamic mechanism of crop growth under the external force action of multi_environment factors (light, temperature,soil and nutrients etc.) was comprehensively explor...According to the biomechanic theory and method, the dynamic mechanism of crop growth under the external force action of multi_environment factors (light, temperature,soil and nutrients etc.) was comprehensively explored.Continuous_time Markov(CTM) approach was adopted to build the dynamic model of the crop growth system and the simulated numerical method. The growth rate responses to the variation of the external force and the change of biomass saturation value were studied. The crop grew in the semiarid area was taken as an example to carry out the numerical simulation analysis, therefore the results provide the quantity basis for the field management. Comparing the dynamic model with the other plant growth model, the superiority of the former is that it displays multi_dimension of resource utilization by means of combining macroscopic with microcosmic and reveals the process of resource transition. The simulation method of crop growth system is advanced and manipulated. A real simulation result is well identical with field observational results.展开更多
Owing to a series of impacts of the "9·11 terrorist attack," the accounting scandals of big companies, Iraq War and the SARS crisis in the past two years, the world economy that might have rebounded for...Owing to a series of impacts of the "9·11 terrorist attack," the accounting scandals of big companies, Iraq War and the SARS crisis in the past two years, the world economy that might have rebounded forcefully has been on a wavering process of slow recovery.展开更多
Four Changes in World EconomyFirst,a new round of global economic growth is under way.In 2000,oil pricerose rapidly,stoek markets and exchange rates remained volatile and interestrates went up.All these disadvantages ...Four Changes in World EconomyFirst,a new round of global economic growth is under way.In 2000,oil pricerose rapidly,stoek markets and exchange rates remained volatile and interestrates went up.All these disadvantages did not undermine the foundations of worldeconomy,and the average growth rate of global gross domestic product(GDP)展开更多
Mid-Year Marine Economy Report Developing the marine economy and building China into a maritime powerhouse are of great significance for China’s socio-economic sustainable development,as well as for advancing its mod...Mid-Year Marine Economy Report Developing the marine economy and building China into a maritime powerhouse are of great significance for China’s socio-economic sustainable development,as well as for advancing its modernization drive.Recently released data from the Ministry of Natural Resources shows that during the first half of 2025,despite a complex and volatile external environment,China’s marine economy withstood the pressure and maintained a steady and positive development trend.展开更多
According to classical economic theory,external cost is the indirect,and uncompensated,social or environmental cost caused to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party’s activity.In light of...According to classical economic theory,external cost is the indirect,and uncompensated,social or environmental cost caused to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party’s activity.In light of this,the environmental cost caused by ballast water is considered as a negative externality.This paper aims to contribute by proposing that the environmental cost caused by ballast water can be determined through questionnaires,and that the imposition of a Pigouvian retributive tax is required to compensate for the environmental damage caused.The paper proceeds as follows.Firstly,ballast water management is discussed.Second,the environmental cost is discussed and it is asserted that it is important to have clear regulations and to update them frequently to prevent or minimize ballast water’s negative impact on the environment.Finally,it is suggested that the environmental cost caused by ballast water can be determined by questionnaires and,more specifically,by the WTP(Willingness to Pay)method,and that a special Pigouvian corrective taxation which can internalize this cost should be imposed.展开更多
The paper attempts to examine the relationships botween industrial organizations and their environments from an essentially spatial perspective and organizational theory, and inteqrate the generalizations derived from...The paper attempts to examine the relationships botween industrial organizations and their environments from an essentially spatial perspective and organizational theory, and inteqrate the generalizations derived from organizational theory and industrial geography o identify spatial linkage pattems created by the enterprises, both in the aggregate and individually These issues are organized around three elements. From the many organizational and environmental factors which might influence the spatial linkage patterns, six have been selected for analysis. These factors were highly correlated with value or volume of spatial linkages. Changes of spatial linkage pattems over time were analyzed based on a representative sample of the Nanjing Automotive Industrial Corporation, and findings with case studies were illustrated.展开更多
Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty o...Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept （WTA） to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone, It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and W＇FP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.展开更多
"Boundarics in Biomedicine"is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline,which is of great significance for understanding the origin of life,the interaction between internal and external environments,and th..."Boundarics in Biomedicine"is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline,which is of great significance for understanding the origin of life,the interaction between internal and external environments,and the mechanism of disease occurrence and evolution.Here,the definition of Boundarics in Biomedicine is first described,including its connotation,research object,research method,challenges,and future perspectives."Boundarics in Biomedicine"is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline involving multiple fields(e.g.,bioscience,medicine,chemistry,materials science,and information science)dedicated to investigating and solving key scientific questions in the formation,identification,and evolution of living organism boundaries.Specifically,it encompasses 3 levels:(a)the boundary between the living organism and the external environment,(b)internal boundary within living organism,and(c)the boundary related to disease in living organism.The advancement of research in Boundarics in Biomedicine is of great scientific significance for understanding the origin of life,the interaction between internal and external environments,and the mechanism of disease occurrence and evolution,thus providing novel principles,technologies,and methods for early diagnosis and prevention of major diseases,personalized drug development,and prognosis assessment(Fig.1).展开更多
Dynamic</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urbanization of African cities has created development traj...Dynamic</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urbanization of African cities has created development trajectories that face systemic challenges in the provision of sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. The specific challenges include extensive unregulated growth with informal settlements reflecting poor service levels and high poverty indices, inadequacy in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provision</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of basic services in health, water, housing, transport </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> communication infrastructure, high reliance on biomass fuels, exposure to environmental stress </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> implausible climate change coping and mitigation mechanisms among others. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Review</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of extensive literature and synthesis of existing bodies of knowledge on the ecological and management perspectives of urban environments revealed many gaps and understanding of urban transformation processes. The purpose of this review was to contextualize credible pathways for optimization of both ecosystem goods and services from green urban landscapes (Green infrastructure) and non-green infrastructure to ensure sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. Attempts were made to rationalize and validate through discussions the benefits of managed urban ecosystems for African cities. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">On the basis of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the evidence from the literature, it is concluded that urban development trajectories that do not embrace multifaceted approaches that deliberately retain and maintain green infrastructure in the urban environment may not be cost-effective. It is recommended that systematic integration of urban forestry concepts in urban planning that involves communities, local and national governments, business entrepreneurs </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> public and private research institutions provides tenable frameworks for addressing current and future challenges of urbanization in Africa.展开更多
Consumption is the foundation of economic development.Currently,in sufficient domestic demand,particularly sluggish consumption,has emerged as a prominent challenge in the operation of China's economy.Moreover,the...Consumption is the foundation of economic development.Currently,in sufficient domestic demand,particularly sluggish consumption,has emerged as a prominent challenge in the operation of China's economy.Moreover,the external environment has become increasingly complex and severe.In response to these challenges,both the Central Economic Work Conference last year and this year's Report on the Work of the Government have underscored the imperative of vigorously boosting consumption and investment returns and stimulating domestic demand.Boosting consumption has now become the top priority in advancing China's current economic initiatives.展开更多
Exploiting the Opinions on Establishing an Accountability System for Illegal Operations and Investments in State-owned Enterprises(SOEs)as a quasi-experiment,we find that although accountability for illegal operations...Exploiting the Opinions on Establishing an Accountability System for Illegal Operations and Investments in State-owned Enterprises(SOEs)as a quasi-experiment,we find that although accountability for illegal operations and investments(AIOI)effectively reduces accrual-based earnings management,it also prompts SOEs to resort to covert real earnings management tactics,sug-gesting a transfer effect between them.This effect is more pronounced in SOEs with weaker digital transformation and decentralized decision-making power.Our mechanism analysis reveals that AIOI primarly influences SOEs'earnings management strategies by improving the external supervision environment and the internal organizational environment.Further analysis of the economic con-sequences shows that AIOI ultimately enhances the overall value of SOEs.展开更多
Neural stem cells(NSCs)play a fundamental role in generating diverse neuronal populations that contribute to the formation of intricate neural circuitry.Disturbances arising from intrinsic or extrinsic factors can alt...Neural stem cells(NSCs)play a fundamental role in generating diverse neuronal populations that contribute to the formation of intricate neural circuitry.Disturbances arising from intrinsic or extrinsic factors can alter the developmental behavior of NSCs and disrupt nervous system homeostasis.While intrinsic regulatory mechanisms have been elucidated extensively in invertebrate or vertebrate models,the regulatory mechanisms underlying extrinsic cues from the cellular environment remain poorly understood.This review synthesized recent research on cellular ambient effects,including the microenvironment,systemic environment and external factors,on NSCs in Drosophila.Key topics include spatial cues,NSC-glia interactions,long-distance regulation by tissues such as the fat body,and the external environmental stressors like irradiation or viral infection.By integrating these findings,this review provides new insights into how extrinsic signals shape NSCs and bridges gaps between foundational research and clinical translation.展开更多
文摘In the information era,enterprises can enhance organizational performance through advanced information technology.Based on the resource-based view,this paper examines the mechanism by which information technology(IT)investment influences organizational performance,with the external environment as a moderating variable.Using 265 valid samples collected from agricultural enterprises in Shandong province,this study conducts an empirical test through partial least squares structural equation modeling.The results demonstrate that IT investment has a significant positive effect on organizational performance,and the external environment significantly moderates the relationship between IT investment and organizational performance.This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between IT investment and organizational performance,enriches resource-based theory,expands the research framework on IT investment,and offers guidance for enterprises seeking sustainable growth.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2017CFB710).
文摘The contamination status of H5 avian influenza viruses and distribution of subtypes of H5N1 and H5N6 in poultry-related environment of Hubei areas were investigated.Urban and rural live poultry markets,poultry farms,intensive livestock farms and other monitoring types of 103 counties in 17 cities were selected in Hubei.Wiping samples from cage surface,wiping samples from chopping board,fecal specimens and other environmental samples were collected and tested by real-time RT-PCR using primers and probes of influenza A,avian influenza of H5,N1 and N6 from December 2017 to March 2018.The avian influenza virus positive rate was compared among different monitoring sites,samples,time and regions.Totally,7132 environmental samples were collected in 1634 monitoring points with a positive rate of 2.24%.The positive rate of H5 avian influenza virus was the highest in urban and rural live poultry markets(3.44%,x^2=61.329,P<0.05)in 6 monitoring sites and wiping samples from chopping board(5.46%,x^2=67.072,P<0.05)in 6 sample types.H5N6 avian influenza viruses were detected more in eastern than western Hubei,and H5N6 avian influenza viruses were detected only in Xiangyang city of western Hubei.There were important high-risk places of human infection with H5 avian influenza virus in urban and rural live poultry markets and the poultry slaughtering plants.H5N6 has been the predominant subtype of H5 avian influenza viruses in the eastern and western Hubei and H5N6 avian influenza viruses were still present in a few areas of Hubei.Outbreaks of human H5N1 and H5N6 avian influenza remain at risk in Hubei province.
文摘To serve the cause of building a great modern socialist country in all respects and achieving national rejuvenation through the Chinese path to modernization is a glorious mission of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.The Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization(hereinafter referred to as the Resolution)adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)emphasizes that in the external work,we must“foster a favorable external environment for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization.”
基金This work was supported by Jiangxi Electric Power Corporation Key Technical Project(No.201250601).
文摘Ice flashover,lightning flashover and bird damage are the main reasons that cause transmission facility failure.The impact of these environmental factors on the operational risk levels of power systems should be taken into account in power system maintenance scheduling and operation planning.This paper studies the midshort-term risk assessment methodology considering the impact of the external environment.The relationship model between natural disasters and transmission lines is presented.The conditional outage rate model and the sampling technique are then proposed considering the correlated outage of multiple transmission lines when a disaster happens.The framework of the mid-short-term risk assessment model is outlined.A test case of Jiangxi provincial power grid validates the proposed model.The results show that the model can quantify the impact of disasters on the forced outage rate of transmission component and their outage correlation,and thus effectively revealing the mid-short-term risk of power systems.The model can facilitate a more strategic decision-making on maintenance scheduling and operation planning of power systems.
基金supported by Open Projects Fund of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urban Renewal and Spatial Optimization Technology(No.2019030214)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078095)。
文摘A high-grade green space environment will provide necessary environmental support to the outdoor activities of disadvantaged groups including the elderly and is thus helpful for promoting their physical activity level and life quality.This paper takes the urban area of Dalian City as an example and divides the external environmental characteristics of a green space into three aspects including the diversity degree of facilities,the richness level of street functions,and the mixing degree of land use.Based on the data of a survey on activities by elderly in green space,the paper conducts an in-depth study on the statistical correlation between the external environmental characteristics of green space and the frequency of use by the elderly.The study shows that diversified facility types around a green space are conducive to a rise in the frequency of use of this space by the elderly,out of which the effect of functional facilities such as school and food market is the most significant.In addition,being adjacent to streets full of daily life or being mixed with residential land use will increase the frequency of use of the green space by the elderly.This paper puts forward certain environmental upgrading strategies for green space from the perspective of external environmental characteristics in order to help build up green space that is use-friendly to the elderly.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China High Speed Rail Joint Fund(U2268217)。
文摘Purpose–The safety of high-speed rail operation environments is an important guarantee for the safe operation of high-speed rail.The operating environment of the high-speed rail is complex,and the main factors affecting the safety of high-speed rail operating environment include meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and external environmental hazards.The purpose of the paper is to elaborate on the current research status and team research progress on the perception of safety situation in high-speed rail operation environment and to propose directions for further research in the future.Design/methodology/approach–In terms of the mechanism and spatio-temporal evolution law of the main influencing factors on the safety of high-speed rail operation environments,the research status is elaborated,and the latest research progress and achievements of the team are introduced.This paper elaborates on the research status and introduces the latest research progress and achievements of the team in terms of meteorological,perimeter and external environmental situation perception methods for high-speed rail operation.Findings–Based on the technical route of“situational awareness evaluation warning active control,”a technical system for monitoring the safety of high-speed train operation environments has been formed.Relevant theoretical and technical research and application have been carried out around the impact of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusion and the external environment on high-speed rail safety.These works strongly support the improvement of China’s railway environmental safety guarantee technology.Originality/value–With the operation of CR450 high-speed trains with a speed of 400 kmper hour and the application of high-speed train autonomous driving technology in the future,new and higher requirements have been put forward for the safety of high-speed rail operation environments.The following five aspects of work are urgently needed:(1)Research the single factor disaster mechanism of wind,rain,snow,lightning,etc.for high-speed railways with a speed of 400 kms per hour,and based on this,study the evolution characteristics of multiple safety factors and the correlation between the high-speed driving safety environment,revealing the coupling disastermechanism ofmultiple influencing factors;(2)Research covers multi-source data fusion methods and associated features such as disaster monitoring data,meteorological information,route characteristics and terrain and landforms,studying the spatio-temporal evolution laws of meteorological disasters,perimeter intrusions and external environmental hazards;(3)In terms of meteorological disaster situation awareness,research high-precision prediction methods for meteorological information time series along high-speed rail lines and study the realization of small-scale real-time dynamic and accurate prediction of meteorological disasters along high-speed rail lines;(4)In terms of perimeter intrusion,research amulti-modal fusion perception method for typical scenarios of high-speed rail operation in all time,all weather and all coverage and combine artificial intelligence technology to achieve comprehensive and accurate perception of perimeter security risks along the high-speed rail line and(5)In terms of external environment,based on the existing general network framework for change detection,we will carry out research on change detection and algorithms in the surrounding environment of highspeed rail.
文摘According to the biomechanic theory and method, the dynamic mechanism of crop growth under the external force action of multi_environment factors (light, temperature,soil and nutrients etc.) was comprehensively explored.Continuous_time Markov(CTM) approach was adopted to build the dynamic model of the crop growth system and the simulated numerical method. The growth rate responses to the variation of the external force and the change of biomass saturation value were studied. The crop grew in the semiarid area was taken as an example to carry out the numerical simulation analysis, therefore the results provide the quantity basis for the field management. Comparing the dynamic model with the other plant growth model, the superiority of the former is that it displays multi_dimension of resource utilization by means of combining macroscopic with microcosmic and reveals the process of resource transition. The simulation method of crop growth system is advanced and manipulated. A real simulation result is well identical with field observational results.
文摘Owing to a series of impacts of the "9·11 terrorist attack," the accounting scandals of big companies, Iraq War and the SARS crisis in the past two years, the world economy that might have rebounded forcefully has been on a wavering process of slow recovery.
文摘Four Changes in World EconomyFirst,a new round of global economic growth is under way.In 2000,oil pricerose rapidly,stoek markets and exchange rates remained volatile and interestrates went up.All these disadvantages did not undermine the foundations of worldeconomy,and the average growth rate of global gross domestic product(GDP)
文摘Mid-Year Marine Economy Report Developing the marine economy and building China into a maritime powerhouse are of great significance for China’s socio-economic sustainable development,as well as for advancing its modernization drive.Recently released data from the Ministry of Natural Resources shows that during the first half of 2025,despite a complex and volatile external environment,China’s marine economy withstood the pressure and maintained a steady and positive development trend.
文摘According to classical economic theory,external cost is the indirect,and uncompensated,social or environmental cost caused to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party’s activity.In light of this,the environmental cost caused by ballast water is considered as a negative externality.This paper aims to contribute by proposing that the environmental cost caused by ballast water can be determined through questionnaires,and that the imposition of a Pigouvian retributive tax is required to compensate for the environmental damage caused.The paper proceeds as follows.Firstly,ballast water management is discussed.Second,the environmental cost is discussed and it is asserted that it is important to have clear regulations and to update them frequently to prevent or minimize ballast water’s negative impact on the environment.Finally,it is suggested that the environmental cost caused by ballast water can be determined by questionnaires and,more specifically,by the WTP(Willingness to Pay)method,and that a special Pigouvian corrective taxation which can internalize this cost should be imposed.
文摘The paper attempts to examine the relationships botween industrial organizations and their environments from an essentially spatial perspective and organizational theory, and inteqrate the generalizations derived from organizational theory and industrial geography o identify spatial linkage pattems created by the enterprises, both in the aggregate and individually These issues are organized around three elements. From the many organizational and environmental factors which might influence the spatial linkage patterns, six have been selected for analysis. These factors were highly correlated with value or volume of spatial linkages. Changes of spatial linkage pattems over time were analyzed based on a representative sample of the Nanjing Automotive Industrial Corporation, and findings with case studies were illustrated.
文摘Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and non- biodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers＇ willingness to pay （WTP） for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept （WTA） to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone, It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and W＇FP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.T2342011,32025021,and T2222021).
文摘"Boundarics in Biomedicine"is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline,which is of great significance for understanding the origin of life,the interaction between internal and external environments,and the mechanism of disease occurrence and evolution.Here,the definition of Boundarics in Biomedicine is first described,including its connotation,research object,research method,challenges,and future perspectives."Boundarics in Biomedicine"is a cutting-edge interdisciplinary discipline involving multiple fields(e.g.,bioscience,medicine,chemistry,materials science,and information science)dedicated to investigating and solving key scientific questions in the formation,identification,and evolution of living organism boundaries.Specifically,it encompasses 3 levels:(a)the boundary between the living organism and the external environment,(b)internal boundary within living organism,and(c)the boundary related to disease in living organism.The advancement of research in Boundarics in Biomedicine is of great scientific significance for understanding the origin of life,the interaction between internal and external environments,and the mechanism of disease occurrence and evolution,thus providing novel principles,technologies,and methods for early diagnosis and prevention of major diseases,personalized drug development,and prognosis assessment(Fig.1).
文摘Dynamic</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> urbanization of African cities has created development trajectories that face systemic challenges in the provision of sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. The specific challenges include extensive unregulated growth with informal settlements reflecting poor service levels and high poverty indices, inadequacy in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">provision</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of basic services in health, water, housing, transport </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> communication infrastructure, high reliance on biomass fuels, exposure to environmental stress </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> implausible climate change coping and mitigation mechanisms among others. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Review</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of extensive literature and synthesis of existing bodies of knowledge on the ecological and management perspectives of urban environments revealed many gaps and understanding of urban transformation processes. The purpose of this review was to contextualize credible pathways for optimization of both ecosystem goods and services from green urban landscapes (Green infrastructure) and non-green infrastructure to ensure sustainable and ecologically resilient urban environments. Attempts were made to rationalize and validate through discussions the benefits of managed urban ecosystems for African cities. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">On the basis of</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the evidence from the literature, it is concluded that urban development trajectories that do not embrace multifaceted approaches that deliberately retain and maintain green infrastructure in the urban environment may not be cost-effective. It is recommended that systematic integration of urban forestry concepts in urban planning that involves communities, local and national governments, business entrepreneurs </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> public and private research institutions provides tenable frameworks for addressing current and future challenges of urbanization in Africa.
文摘Consumption is the foundation of economic development.Currently,in sufficient domestic demand,particularly sluggish consumption,has emerged as a prominent challenge in the operation of China's economy.Moreover,the external environment has become increasingly complex and severe.In response to these challenges,both the Central Economic Work Conference last year and this year's Report on the Work of the Government have underscored the imperative of vigorously boosting consumption and investment returns and stimulating domestic demand.Boosting consumption has now become the top priority in advancing China's current economic initiatives.
基金supported by"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities",Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(Grant Nos.202411117).
文摘Exploiting the Opinions on Establishing an Accountability System for Illegal Operations and Investments in State-owned Enterprises(SOEs)as a quasi-experiment,we find that although accountability for illegal operations and investments(AIOI)effectively reduces accrual-based earnings management,it also prompts SOEs to resort to covert real earnings management tactics,sug-gesting a transfer effect between them.This effect is more pronounced in SOEs with weaker digital transformation and decentralized decision-making power.Our mechanism analysis reveals that AIOI primarly influences SOEs'earnings management strategies by improving the external supervision environment and the internal organizational environment.Further analysis of the economic con-sequences shows that AIOI ultimately enhances the overall value of SOEs.
文摘Neural stem cells(NSCs)play a fundamental role in generating diverse neuronal populations that contribute to the formation of intricate neural circuitry.Disturbances arising from intrinsic or extrinsic factors can alter the developmental behavior of NSCs and disrupt nervous system homeostasis.While intrinsic regulatory mechanisms have been elucidated extensively in invertebrate or vertebrate models,the regulatory mechanisms underlying extrinsic cues from the cellular environment remain poorly understood.This review synthesized recent research on cellular ambient effects,including the microenvironment,systemic environment and external factors,on NSCs in Drosophila.Key topics include spatial cues,NSC-glia interactions,long-distance regulation by tissues such as the fat body,and the external environmental stressors like irradiation or viral infection.By integrating these findings,this review provides new insights into how extrinsic signals shape NSCs and bridges gaps between foundational research and clinical translation.
