Phantom limb pain(PLP)is not only a physical pain experience but also poses a significant challenge to mental health and quality of life.Currently,the mechanism of PLP treatment is still unclear,and there are many met...Phantom limb pain(PLP)is not only a physical pain experience but also poses a significant challenge to mental health and quality of life.Currently,the mechanism of PLP treatment is still unclear,and there are many methods with varying effects.This article starts with the application research of extended reality technology in PLP treatment,through describing the application of its branch technologies(virtual reality,augmented reality,and mixed reality technology),to lay the foundation for subsequent research,in the hope of finding advanced and effective treatment methods,and providing a basis for future product transformation.展开更多
AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOLs)using either micromonovision implantation or mixed implantation of EDOF and diffractive bifocal IOLs.METHODS:This retrospect...AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOLs)using either micromonovision implantation or mixed implantation of EDOF and diffractive bifocal IOLs.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial included 130 patients(260 eyes),who were divided into two groups.Group RR comprised 70 patients(140 eyes)bilaterally implanted with ZXR00 IOLs(Tecnis ZXR00,where one target was-0.5 D to-0.75 D and the other was 0 to-0.25 D).Group RM comprised 60 patients(120 eyes)unilaterally implanted with both ZXR00 and ZMB00 IOLs(Tecnis ZMB00,0 to-0.25 D).Postoperative outcomes were compared after 3 mo,including visual acuity,defocus curves,stereoacuity,modulation transfer functions(MTFs),higher-order aberrations,and Visual Function-14(VF-14)questionnaire responses.RESULTS:Group RR had superior bilateral intermediate vision,while the group RM had superior bilateral near vision(both P<0.05).Group RM also exhibited superior MTFs and reduced higher-order aberrations(both P<0.05).Stereoacuity and VF-14 questionnaire results showed no statistically significant difference between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The implantation of micromonovision has significantly improved near vision.IOLs and their collocation can be customized according to individual patient needs to achieve precise treatment and provide cataract patients with high-quality vision.展开更多
With respect to oceanic fluid dynamics,certain models have appeared,e.g.,an extended time-dependent(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation in an ocean or a river,which we investigate in this paper.Using symbolic...With respect to oceanic fluid dynamics,certain models have appeared,e.g.,an extended time-dependent(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation in an ocean or a river,which we investigate in this paper.Using symbolic computation,we find out,on one hand,a set of bilinear auto-Backlund transformations,which could connect certain solutions of that equation with other solutions of that equation itself,and on the other hand,a set of similarity reductions,which could go from that equation to a known ordinary differential equation.The results in this paper depend on all the oceanic variable coefficients in that equation.展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)has made significant progress in the treatment of end stage liver disease(ESLD).However,many patients still die from disease progression while awaiting transplantation.As the number of patient...Liver transplantation(LT)has made significant progress in the treatment of end stage liver disease(ESLD).However,many patients still die from disease progression while awaiting transplantation.As the number of patients on LT waiting lists is increasing,and the organ shortage crisis is obvious,various efforts have been made to increase the pool of available liver grafts[1].In addition to living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),improving the utilization rate of extended criteria donor(ECD)livers is an important way.However,under traditional cold storage,ECD livers are usually associated with a higher risk of ischemic biliary disease,early allograft dysfunction(EAD)or even primary nonfunction(PNF).The frequently described definition in the literature for ECD grafts generally includes elderly,steatotic,long cold ischemia time(CIT),grafts obtained from donation after circulatory death(DCD),split liver grafts,donors with increased risk of infectious disease transmission and prolonged donor intensive care unit stay[2].展开更多
In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypro...In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene(PO)and oxyethylene(EO),octadecyl-(PO)_(m)-(EO)_(n)-sodium carboxylate(C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C,m=5,10,15,n=5,10,15),were studied.The surface tension and contact angle of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C solution with different concentrations were measured,and the adhesion tension,PTFE-water interfacial tension,and adhesion work were calculated.It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration(cmc),and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension.The adsorption amount of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution.As the concentration increases above cmc,semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C molecules through hydrophobic interaction,and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.展开更多
In this paper,a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn,mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators(EIOs)for generating high power at G-...In this paper,a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn,mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators(EIOs)for generating high power at G-band.Two separate EIOs are coupled through a specific single-gap coupling field supported by a designed gap waveguide with length Lg,which form the phase-locked EIOs based on the commonly-resonated system.As a whole system,the system has been focused on with mode analysis based on different single-gap coupling fields,mode hopping,which present the variation of phase difference between the two-beam-wave interactions when changing Lg.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit system in producing the phase locking,we conducted particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations to show that the interesting mode hopping occurs with the phase difference of O and r between the output signals from two output ports,corresponding to the excitation of the TMn mode with different n.Simulation results show that 1)the oscillator can deliver two times of the output power obtained from one single oscillator at 220 GHz,2)the two EIOs can still deliver output signals with phase difference of O and when the currents of the two beams are different or the fabrication errors of the two EIO cavities are taken into account.The proposed scheme is promising in extending to phase locking between multiple EIOs,and generating higher power at millimeter-wave and higher frequencies.展开更多
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)system is running,there will be a condition that does not require power output for a short time.In order to achieve zero power output under low power consumption,it is...When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)system is running,there will be a condition that does not require power output for a short time.In order to achieve zero power output under low power consumption,it is necessary to consider the diversity of control targets and the complexity of dynamic models,which brings the challenge of high-precision tracking control of the stack output power and cathode intake flow.For system idle speed control,a modelbased nonlinear control framework is constructed in this paper.Firstly,the nonlinear dynamic model of output power and cathode intake flow is derived.Secondly,a control scheme combining nonlinear extended Kalman filter observer and state feedback controller is designed.Finally,the control scheme is verified on the PEMFC experimental platform and compared with the proportion-integration-differentiation(PID)controller.The experimental results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper can realize the idle speed control of the fuel cell system and achieve the purpose of zero power output.Compared with PID controller,it has faster response speed and better system dynamics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with t...BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with the possibility of extending the induction period to 16 weeks.The maintenance dose of tofacitinib is either 5 mg or 10 mg bid.AIM To assess predictors for clinical remission and drug persistence in patients with UC receiving the extended induction tofacitinib protocol.METHODS This was a real-world multicenter retrospective study in patients with moderateto-severe UC.Patients received physician-directed extended induction tofacitinib treatment.We collected clinical and demographic data at baseline and data regarding clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic evaluations,therapeutic modifications,and adverse events at the 52-week follow-up.Possible predictors for clinical remission at week 52 was the primary endpoint.Differences between patients receiving 5 mg bid vs 10 mg bid at week 52 and identification of predictors for treatment persistence were secondary endpoints.RESULTS Thirty-seven consecutive patients from 11 medical centers were included[51.4%males with median age 39(17-64)years].Twenty-eight patients continued treatment until week 52(75.7%)with 67.9%receiving 10 mg tofacitinib;all had prior history of biologic use.We observed that 57.1%of patients achieved clinical remission(66.7%in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 52.6%in the 10 mg tofacitinib group,P=0.483).De-escalation to 5 mg tofacitinib was attempted in 17 patients with a success rate of 52.9%.Prior biologic use was significantly more frequent in patients treated with 10 mg tofacitinib.Active smoking was significantly associated with treatment discontinuation at week 52.We identified eight adverse events,and only one led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION Our results supported the extended induction strategy with tofacitinib in selected patients with UC.Patients with prior failure of advanced therapies particularly benefitted,highlighting the importance of personalized maintenance regimens.展开更多
AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract s...AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,Canada.The study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity IOL.Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual acuity.Questionnaires(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various lighting.Safety parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual field.RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity.Spectacle independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light settings.Spectacle-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim lighting.Visual disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 3mo.There was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual satisfaction.CONCLUSION:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled glaucoma.The findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Extended care based on self-efficacy theory to elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures will provide data reference to optimize the care plan of these patients,reduce patients’concurrent mental di...BACKGROUND Extended care based on self-efficacy theory to elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures will provide data reference to optimize the care plan of these patients,reduce patients’concurrent mental diseases,and improve prognosis.AIM To analyze the value of extended nursing based on the self-efficacy theory in older patients with intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS Older patients with intertrochanteric fractures(n=88)admitted to our hospital between January 2021 and December 2024 were randomly divided into two groups-the control group(n=44,routine nursing)and the observation group(n=44,extended nursing)-via balloting and treated for 12 weeks.The mental state,pain severity,limb function,and self-nursing ability of all patients before and after nursing were analyzed.RESULTS After nursing,the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores of patients in the two groups improved.Notably,Hamilton Anxiety Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores in the observation group were lower and higher,respectively,than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain severity in the observation group(2.64±0.22)was lower than that in the control group(2.85±0.41)(P<0.05).The recovery rate of limb function was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the self-nursing ability scores of the patients in both groups increased,with a significantly higher score in the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Extended nursing based on the self-efficacy theory can significantly improve mental state,relieve pain,and promote the recovery of limb function and self-nursing ability in older patients with intertrochanteric fractures.展开更多
BACKGROUNDLiving donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is considered the gold standard fortreating end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies have highlighted the impact ofdonor and recipient demographics in influencing...BACKGROUNDLiving donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is considered the gold standard fortreating end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies have highlighted the impact ofdonor and recipient demographics in influencing post-transplant outcomes. Webelieve that patient and graft outcomes in a tertiary university hospital setting willhave no difference between pairs of standard criteria vs pairs of extended criteria(EC) donors and recipients in LDKT.AIMTo investigate the outcomes of allocating EC donation (ECD) kidneys to ECrecipients (ECR) in LDKT and compare them to standard and mixed standard andEC pair counterparts.METHODSWe collected data from adult LDKTs conducted between April 2017 and April2022. Donor-recipient pairs were grouped based on criteria as follows: (1) Group1: Standard criteria donor (SCD) to standard criteria recipient (SCR);(2) Group 2:SCD to ECR;(3) Group 3: ECD to SCR;and (4) Group 4: ECD to ECR.RESULTSA total of 149 living donor transplants were analysed over a 5-year period. Graftsurvival, patient survival, and graft function were similar across all four groups.The incidence of common postoperative complications was as follows: (1) Perioperative bleeding (5.6%);(2) Surgical site infection (6.8%);and (3) Incisional hernia (7.4%). No statistically significantdifferences were found in patient or graft outcomes amongst the four groups. Multivariate analysis showed thatgroup 4 recipients might experience inferior 5-year graft function (β = -11.8, P = 0.037) when compared with group1.CONCLUSIONIn LDKT, long-term patient and graft outcomes are comparable amongst different combinations of standard vs ECdonors and recipients. These findings show the primary potential of living donor ECD to ECR kidney transplantationwith satisfying outcomes.展开更多
For air-to-air missiles, the terminal guidance’s preci-sion is directly contingent upon the tracking capabilities of the roll-pitch seeker. This paper presents a combined non-singular fast terminal sliding mode contr...For air-to-air missiles, the terminal guidance’s preci-sion is directly contingent upon the tracking capabilities of the roll-pitch seeker. This paper presents a combined non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control method, aimed at resolving the frame control problem of roll-pitch seeker tracking high maneu-vering target. The sliding mode surface is structured around the principle of segmentation, which enables the control system’s rapid attainment of the zero point and ensure global fast conver-gence. The system’s state is more swiftly converged to the slid-ing mode surface through an improved adaptive fast dual power reaching law. Utilizing an extended state observer, the overall disturbance is both identified and compensated. The validation of the system’s stability and its convergence within a finite-time is grounded in Lyapunov’s stability criteria. The performance of the introduced control method is confirmed through roll-pitch seeker tracking control simulation. Data analysis reveals that newly proposed control technique significantly outperforms existing sliding mode control methods by rapidly converging the frame to the target angle, reduce the tracking error of the detec-tor for the target, and bolster tracking precision of the roll-pitch seeker huring disturbed conditions.展开更多
This study investigates the stabilization challenge at the boundaries of a type II thermoelastic network with n-star configuration and terminal masses,which experiences non-uniform bounded external disturbances at its...This study investigates the stabilization challenge at the boundaries of a type II thermoelastic network with n-star configuration and terminal masses,which experiences non-uniform bounded external disturbances at its control boundary.This research employs an advanced active disturbance rejection control framework,incorporating an innovative observer with adaptive gain characteristics for precise disturbance estimation,coupled with a robust feedback control mechanism for disturbance compensation.The theoretical analysis establishes rigorous convergence proofs for the proposed time-dependent extended state observer.Furthermore,this investigation utilizes semigroup theory to validate the closed-loop system’s well-posed.Through comprehensive Lyapunov-based analysis,this study confirms the system’s capability to achieve exponential convergence of tracking errors while effectively mitigating disturbance effects.Extensive numerical experiments corroborate the theoretical findings,demonstrating the control scheme’s practical efficacy.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to study an extended modified Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff(mKdV-CBS)equation and present its Lax pair with a spectral parameter.Meanwhile,a Miura transformation is explored...The aim of this paper is to study an extended modified Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff(mKdV-CBS)equation and present its Lax pair with a spectral parameter.Meanwhile,a Miura transformation is explored,which reveals the relationship between solutions of the extended mKdV-CBS equation and the extended(2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation.On the basis of the obtained Lax pair and the existing research results,the Darboux transformation is derived,which plays a crucial role in presenting soliton solutions.In addition,soliton molecules are given by the velocity resonance mechanism.展开更多
Sparse array design has significant implications for improving the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of non-circular(NC)signals.We propose an extended nested array with a filled sensor(ENAFS)based on the...Sparse array design has significant implications for improving the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of non-circular(NC)signals.We propose an extended nested array with a filled sensor(ENAFS)based on the hole-filling strategy.Specifically,we first introduce the improved nested array(INA)and prove its properties.Subsequently,we extend the sum-difference coarray(SDCA)by adding an additional sensor to fill the holes.Thus the larger uniform degrees of freedom(uDOFs)and virtual array aperture(VAA)can be abtained,and the ENAFS is designed.Finally,the simulation results are given to verify the superiority of the proposed ENAFS in terms of DOF,mutual coupling and estimation performance.展开更多
Road transport plays a crucial role in facilitating mobility and the movement of goods,particularly in the Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region(EBMR),Thailand.This area is undergoing rapid industrialization and urbani...Road transport plays a crucial role in facilitating mobility and the movement of goods,particularly in the Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region(EBMR),Thailand.This area is undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization,resulting in significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study examined the relationships among individual socioeconomic factors,travel characteristics,and energy consumption characteristics and their impacts on GHG emissions from road transport.The path analysis technique was applied to identify the key driving factors and their causal relationships.The data were collected through 1600 questionnaire surveys with road drivers in representative areas of the EBMR from December 2022 to May 2023.The results revealed that individual socioeconomic factors significantly influenced GHG emissions from road transport.Among the drivers,factors such as income,age,education,and driving experience indirectly influenced travel characteristics and energy consumption characteristics,impacting GHG emissions.Similarly,individual socioeconomic factors affected the travel characteristics of tourists and personal travelers.Driving experience was a crucial factor for public road transport and freight vehicle drivers,influencing travel characteristics and contributing to GHG emissions.These findings highlight the importance of key policy recommendations,such as promoting the adoption of electric vehicles,optimizing public transport,incentivizing low-emission tourism,and modernizing freight transport with clean technologies,to enhance efficiency,reduce emissions,and support regional sustainability.This study provides policy-makers with insights into the key factors influencing GHG emissions across different driving factors,revealing how individual socioeconomic factors impact travel characteristics and energy consumption characteristics.The findings will inform the development of targeted emission reduction strategies and sustainable transport policies.展开更多
Shaking table tests are widely used to evaluate seismic effects on railway structures,but accurately measuring rail displacement remains a significant challenge owing to the nonlinear characteristics of large displace...Shaking table tests are widely used to evaluate seismic effects on railway structures,but accurately measuring rail displacement remains a significant challenge owing to the nonlinear characteristics of large displacements,ambient noise interference,and limitations in displacement meter installation.In this paper,a novel method that integrates the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)feature tracker with an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is presented for measuring rail displacement during shaking table tests.The method employs KLT feature tracker and a random sample consensus algorithm to extract and track key feature points,while EKF optimally estimates dynamic states by accounting for system noise and observation errors.Shaking table test results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an acceleration root mean square error of 0.300 m/s^(2)and a correlation with accelerometer data exceeding 99.7%,significantly outper-forming the original KLT approach.This innovative method provides a more efficient and reliable solution for measuring rail displacement under large nonlinear vibrations.展开更多
Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities,making it well-suited for longitudinal velocity control.However,the conventional Extended State Observer(ESO)in ADRC fails ...Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities,making it well-suited for longitudinal velocity control.However,the conventional Extended State Observer(ESO)in ADRC fails to fully exploit feedback from first-order and higher-order estimation errors and tracking error simultaneously,thereby diminishing the control performance of ADRC.To address this limitation,an enhanced car-following algorithm utilising ADRC is proposed,which integrates the improved ESO with a feedback controller.In comparison to the conventional ESO,the enhanced version effectively utilises multi-order estimation and tracking errors.Specifically,it enhances convergence rates by incorporating feedback from higher-order estimation errors and ensures the estimated value converges to the reference value by utilising tracking error feedback.The improved ESO significantly enhances the disturbance rejection performance of ADRC.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through the Lyapunov approach and experiments.展开更多
The extended Kalman filter(EKF)is extensively applied in integrated navigation systems that combine the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)and strap-down inertial navigation system(SINS).However,the performance o...The extended Kalman filter(EKF)is extensively applied in integrated navigation systems that combine the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)and strap-down inertial navigation system(SINS).However,the performance of the EKF can be severely impacted by non-Gaussian noise and measurement noise uncertainties,making it difficult to achieve optimal GNSS/INS integration.Dealing with non-Gaussian noise remains a significant challenge in filter development today.Therefore,the maximum correntropy criterion(MCC)is utilized in EKFs to manage heavytailed measurement noise.However,its capability to handle non-Gaussian process noise and unknown disturbances remains largely unexplored.In this paper,we extend correntropy from using a single kernel to a multi-kernel approach.This leads to the development of a multi-kernel maximum correntropy extended Kalman filter(MKMC-EKF),which is designed to effectively manage multivariate non-Gaussian noise and disturbances.Further,theoretical analysis,including advanced stability proofs,can enhance understanding,while hybrid approaches integrating MKMC-EKF with particle filters may improve performance in nonlinear systems.The MKMC-EKF enhances estimation accuracy using a multi-kernel bandwidth approach.As bandwidth increases,the filter’s sensitivity to non-Gaussian features decreases,and its behavior progressively approximates that of the iterated EKF.The proposed approach for enhancing positioning in navigation is validated through performance evaluations,which demonstrate its practical applications in real-world systems like GPS navigation and measuring radar targets.展开更多
文摘Phantom limb pain(PLP)is not only a physical pain experience but also poses a significant challenge to mental health and quality of life.Currently,the mechanism of PLP treatment is still unclear,and there are many methods with varying effects.This article starts with the application research of extended reality technology in PLP treatment,through describing the application of its branch technologies(virtual reality,augmented reality,and mixed reality technology),to lay the foundation for subsequent research,in the hope of finding advanced and effective treatment methods,and providing a basis for future product transformation.
文摘AIM:To compare the clinical outcomes of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses(EDOF IOLs)using either micromonovision implantation or mixed implantation of EDOF and diffractive bifocal IOLs.METHODS:This retrospective clinical trial included 130 patients(260 eyes),who were divided into two groups.Group RR comprised 70 patients(140 eyes)bilaterally implanted with ZXR00 IOLs(Tecnis ZXR00,where one target was-0.5 D to-0.75 D and the other was 0 to-0.25 D).Group RM comprised 60 patients(120 eyes)unilaterally implanted with both ZXR00 and ZMB00 IOLs(Tecnis ZMB00,0 to-0.25 D).Postoperative outcomes were compared after 3 mo,including visual acuity,defocus curves,stereoacuity,modulation transfer functions(MTFs),higher-order aberrations,and Visual Function-14(VF-14)questionnaire responses.RESULTS:Group RR had superior bilateral intermediate vision,while the group RM had superior bilateral near vision(both P<0.05).Group RM also exhibited superior MTFs and reduced higher-order aberrations(both P<0.05).Stereoacuity and VF-14 questionnaire results showed no statistically significant difference between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The implantation of micromonovision has significantly improved near vision.IOLs and their collocation can be customized according to individual patient needs to achieve precise treatment and provide cataract patients with high-quality vision.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of North China University of Technology(Grant Nos.11005136024XN147-87 and 110051360024XN151-86).
文摘With respect to oceanic fluid dynamics,certain models have appeared,e.g.,an extended time-dependent(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation in an ocean or a river,which we investigate in this paper.Using symbolic computation,we find out,on one hand,a set of bilinear auto-Backlund transformations,which could connect certain solutions of that equation with other solutions of that equation itself,and on the other hand,a set of similarity reductions,which could go from that equation to a known ordinary differential equation.The results in this paper depend on all the oceanic variable coefficients in that equation.
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)has made significant progress in the treatment of end stage liver disease(ESLD).However,many patients still die from disease progression while awaiting transplantation.As the number of patients on LT waiting lists is increasing,and the organ shortage crisis is obvious,various efforts have been made to increase the pool of available liver grafts[1].In addition to living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),improving the utilization rate of extended criteria donor(ECD)livers is an important way.However,under traditional cold storage,ECD livers are usually associated with a higher risk of ischemic biliary disease,early allograft dysfunction(EAD)or even primary nonfunction(PNF).The frequently described definition in the literature for ECD grafts generally includes elderly,steatotic,long cold ischemia time(CIT),grafts obtained from donation after circulatory death(DCD),split liver grafts,donors with increased risk of infectious disease transmission and prolonged donor intensive care unit stay[2].
文摘In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)by new extended surfactants,five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene(PO)and oxyethylene(EO),octadecyl-(PO)_(m)-(EO)_(n)-sodium carboxylate(C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C,m=5,10,15,n=5,10,15),were studied.The surface tension and contact angle of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C solution with different concentrations were measured,and the adhesion tension,PTFE-water interfacial tension,and adhesion work were calculated.It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration(cmc),and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension.The adsorption amount of C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution.As the concentration increases above cmc,semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C_(18)PO_(m)EO_(n)C molecules through hydrophobic interaction,and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62401125)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC1376)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2024J008)。
文摘In this paper,a scheme of commonly-resonated extended interaction circuit system based on high order TMn,mode is proposed to lock the phases of two extended interaction oscillators(EIOs)for generating high power at G-band.Two separate EIOs are coupled through a specific single-gap coupling field supported by a designed gap waveguide with length Lg,which form the phase-locked EIOs based on the commonly-resonated system.As a whole system,the system has been focused on with mode analysis based on different single-gap coupling fields,mode hopping,which present the variation of phase difference between the two-beam-wave interactions when changing Lg.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit system in producing the phase locking,we conducted particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations to show that the interesting mode hopping occurs with the phase difference of O and r between the output signals from two output ports,corresponding to the excitation of the TMn mode with different n.Simulation results show that 1)the oscillator can deliver two times of the output power obtained from one single oscillator at 220 GHz,2)the two EIOs can still deliver output signals with phase difference of O and when the currents of the two beams are different or the fabrication errors of the two EIO cavities are taken into account.The proposed scheme is promising in extending to phase locking between multiple EIOs,and generating higher power at millimeter-wave and higher frequencies.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Jilin Province and Changchun City(20220301010GX).
文摘When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)system is running,there will be a condition that does not require power output for a short time.In order to achieve zero power output under low power consumption,it is necessary to consider the diversity of control targets and the complexity of dynamic models,which brings the challenge of high-precision tracking control of the stack output power and cathode intake flow.For system idle speed control,a modelbased nonlinear control framework is constructed in this paper.Firstly,the nonlinear dynamic model of output power and cathode intake flow is derived.Secondly,a control scheme combining nonlinear extended Kalman filter observer and state feedback controller is designed.Finally,the control scheme is verified on the PEMFC experimental platform and compared with the proportion-integration-differentiation(PID)controller.The experimental results show that the control strategy proposed in this paper can realize the idle speed control of the fuel cell system and achieve the purpose of zero power output.Compared with PID controller,it has faster response speed and better system dynamics.
文摘BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with the possibility of extending the induction period to 16 weeks.The maintenance dose of tofacitinib is either 5 mg or 10 mg bid.AIM To assess predictors for clinical remission and drug persistence in patients with UC receiving the extended induction tofacitinib protocol.METHODS This was a real-world multicenter retrospective study in patients with moderateto-severe UC.Patients received physician-directed extended induction tofacitinib treatment.We collected clinical and demographic data at baseline and data regarding clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic evaluations,therapeutic modifications,and adverse events at the 52-week follow-up.Possible predictors for clinical remission at week 52 was the primary endpoint.Differences between patients receiving 5 mg bid vs 10 mg bid at week 52 and identification of predictors for treatment persistence were secondary endpoints.RESULTS Thirty-seven consecutive patients from 11 medical centers were included[51.4%males with median age 39(17-64)years].Twenty-eight patients continued treatment until week 52(75.7%)with 67.9%receiving 10 mg tofacitinib;all had prior history of biologic use.We observed that 57.1%of patients achieved clinical remission(66.7%in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 52.6%in the 10 mg tofacitinib group,P=0.483).De-escalation to 5 mg tofacitinib was attempted in 17 patients with a success rate of 52.9%.Prior biologic use was significantly more frequent in patients treated with 10 mg tofacitinib.Active smoking was significantly associated with treatment discontinuation at week 52.We identified eight adverse events,and only one led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION Our results supported the extended induction strategy with tofacitinib in selected patients with UC.Patients with prior failure of advanced therapies particularly benefitted,highlighting the importance of personalized maintenance regimens.
文摘AIM:To assess visual outcomes and satisfaction of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus(EDOF)intraocular lens(IOL)in individuals with ocular hypertension(OHT)and well-controlled mild glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:An investigator-initiated,single-center,prospective,interventional,noncomparative study conducted in Montreal,Canada.The study enrolled 31 patients(55 eyes)with OHT or mild glaucoma who received a non-diffractive EDOF IOL(Acrysof IQ Vivity).Participants underwent sequential cataract surgery with the Vivity IOL.Follow-up evaluations occurred at 1d,1,and 3mo postoperatively,assessing uncorrected distance,intermediate,and near visual acuity.Questionnaires(QUVID:Questionnaire for visual disturbances and IOLSAT:Intraocular lens satisfaction)were administered pre and post-operatively to measure visual disturbances and spectacle independence in various lighting.Safety parameters included intraocular pressure(IOP),glaucoma medications,spherical equivalence,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation or square root of lost variance on Octopus visual field.RESULTS:At 1 and 3mo postoperatively,significant improvements were observed in uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity.Spectacle independence was enhanced for distance and intermediate vision,especially in bright light settings.Spectacle-free intermediate vision was improved even in dim lighting.Visual disturbances,particularly glare symptoms,were reduced,and there was a notable decrease in IOP and glaucoma medication burden at 3mo.There was more hazy vision postoperatively with no impact on visual acuity and visual satisfaction.CONCLUSION:The non-diffractive EDOF lens improves distance and intermediate spectacle-free visual function in patients with OHT and well-controlled glaucoma.The findings highlight significant improvements in visual acuity,reduced glare,enhanced spectacle independence,and improved visual performance in different lighting conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND Extended care based on self-efficacy theory to elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures will provide data reference to optimize the care plan of these patients,reduce patients’concurrent mental diseases,and improve prognosis.AIM To analyze the value of extended nursing based on the self-efficacy theory in older patients with intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS Older patients with intertrochanteric fractures(n=88)admitted to our hospital between January 2021 and December 2024 were randomly divided into two groups-the control group(n=44,routine nursing)and the observation group(n=44,extended nursing)-via balloting and treated for 12 weeks.The mental state,pain severity,limb function,and self-nursing ability of all patients before and after nursing were analyzed.RESULTS After nursing,the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores of patients in the two groups improved.Notably,Hamilton Anxiety Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores in the observation group were lower and higher,respectively,than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain severity in the observation group(2.64±0.22)was lower than that in the control group(2.85±0.41)(P<0.05).The recovery rate of limb function was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the self-nursing ability scores of the patients in both groups increased,with a significantly higher score in the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Extended nursing based on the self-efficacy theory can significantly improve mental state,relieve pain,and promote the recovery of limb function and self-nursing ability in older patients with intertrochanteric fractures.
文摘BACKGROUNDLiving donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is considered the gold standard fortreating end-stage kidney disease. Previous studies have highlighted the impact ofdonor and recipient demographics in influencing post-transplant outcomes. Webelieve that patient and graft outcomes in a tertiary university hospital setting willhave no difference between pairs of standard criteria vs pairs of extended criteria(EC) donors and recipients in LDKT.AIMTo investigate the outcomes of allocating EC donation (ECD) kidneys to ECrecipients (ECR) in LDKT and compare them to standard and mixed standard andEC pair counterparts.METHODSWe collected data from adult LDKTs conducted between April 2017 and April2022. Donor-recipient pairs were grouped based on criteria as follows: (1) Group1: Standard criteria donor (SCD) to standard criteria recipient (SCR);(2) Group 2:SCD to ECR;(3) Group 3: ECD to SCR;and (4) Group 4: ECD to ECR.RESULTSA total of 149 living donor transplants were analysed over a 5-year period. Graftsurvival, patient survival, and graft function were similar across all four groups.The incidence of common postoperative complications was as follows: (1) Perioperative bleeding (5.6%);(2) Surgical site infection (6.8%);and (3) Incisional hernia (7.4%). No statistically significantdifferences were found in patient or graft outcomes amongst the four groups. Multivariate analysis showed thatgroup 4 recipients might experience inferior 5-year graft function (β = -11.8, P = 0.037) when compared with group1.CONCLUSIONIn LDKT, long-term patient and graft outcomes are comparable amongst different combinations of standard vs ECdonors and recipients. These findings show the primary potential of living donor ECD to ECR kidney transplantationwith satisfying outcomes.
文摘For air-to-air missiles, the terminal guidance’s preci-sion is directly contingent upon the tracking capabilities of the roll-pitch seeker. This paper presents a combined non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control method, aimed at resolving the frame control problem of roll-pitch seeker tracking high maneu-vering target. The sliding mode surface is structured around the principle of segmentation, which enables the control system’s rapid attainment of the zero point and ensure global fast conver-gence. The system’s state is more swiftly converged to the slid-ing mode surface through an improved adaptive fast dual power reaching law. Utilizing an extended state observer, the overall disturbance is both identified and compensated. The validation of the system’s stability and its convergence within a finite-time is grounded in Lyapunov’s stability criteria. The performance of the introduced control method is confirmed through roll-pitch seeker tracking control simulation. Data analysis reveals that newly proposed control technique significantly outperforms existing sliding mode control methods by rapidly converging the frame to the target angle, reduce the tracking error of the detec-tor for the target, and bolster tracking precision of the roll-pitch seeker huring disturbed conditions.
文摘This study investigates the stabilization challenge at the boundaries of a type II thermoelastic network with n-star configuration and terminal masses,which experiences non-uniform bounded external disturbances at its control boundary.This research employs an advanced active disturbance rejection control framework,incorporating an innovative observer with adaptive gain characteristics for precise disturbance estimation,coupled with a robust feedback control mechanism for disturbance compensation.The theoretical analysis establishes rigorous convergence proofs for the proposed time-dependent extended state observer.Furthermore,this investigation utilizes semigroup theory to validate the closed-loop system’s well-posed.Through comprehensive Lyapunov-based analysis,this study confirms the system’s capability to achieve exponential convergence of tracking errors while effectively mitigating disturbance effects.Extensive numerical experiments corroborate the theoretical findings,demonstrating the control scheme’s practical efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271488)。
文摘The aim of this paper is to study an extended modified Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff(mKdV-CBS)equation and present its Lax pair with a spectral parameter.Meanwhile,a Miura transformation is explored,which reveals the relationship between solutions of the extended mKdV-CBS equation and the extended(2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation.On the basis of the obtained Lax pair and the existing research results,the Darboux transformation is derived,which plays a crucial role in presenting soliton solutions.In addition,soliton molecules are given by the velocity resonance mechanism.
基金supported by China National Science Foundations(Nos.62371225,62371227)。
文摘Sparse array design has significant implications for improving the accuracy of direction of arrival(DOA)estimation of non-circular(NC)signals.We propose an extended nested array with a filled sensor(ENAFS)based on the hole-filling strategy.Specifically,we first introduce the improved nested array(INA)and prove its properties.Subsequently,we extend the sum-difference coarray(SDCA)by adding an additional sensor to fill the holes.Thus the larger uniform degrees of freedom(uDOFs)and virtual array aperture(VAA)can be abtained,and the ENAFS is designed.Finally,the simulation results are given to verify the superiority of the proposed ENAFS in terms of DOF,mutual coupling and estimation performance.
基金the Royal Thai Government(RTG)provided financing for this study,as well as a scholarship to assist PhD studies at the Asian Institute of Technology(AIT)The National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)of Thailand via the Development of High-Quality Research Graduates in Science and Technology Project,a collaboration between NSTDA and AIT, also offers a top-up scholarship for this study
文摘Road transport plays a crucial role in facilitating mobility and the movement of goods,particularly in the Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region(EBMR),Thailand.This area is undergoing rapid industrialization and urbanization,resulting in significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study examined the relationships among individual socioeconomic factors,travel characteristics,and energy consumption characteristics and their impacts on GHG emissions from road transport.The path analysis technique was applied to identify the key driving factors and their causal relationships.The data were collected through 1600 questionnaire surveys with road drivers in representative areas of the EBMR from December 2022 to May 2023.The results revealed that individual socioeconomic factors significantly influenced GHG emissions from road transport.Among the drivers,factors such as income,age,education,and driving experience indirectly influenced travel characteristics and energy consumption characteristics,impacting GHG emissions.Similarly,individual socioeconomic factors affected the travel characteristics of tourists and personal travelers.Driving experience was a crucial factor for public road transport and freight vehicle drivers,influencing travel characteristics and contributing to GHG emissions.These findings highlight the importance of key policy recommendations,such as promoting the adoption of electric vehicles,optimizing public transport,incentivizing low-emission tourism,and modernizing freight transport with clean technologies,to enhance efficiency,reduce emissions,and support regional sustainability.This study provides policy-makers with insights into the key factors influencing GHG emissions across different driving factors,revealing how individual socioeconomic factors impact travel characteristics and energy consumption characteristics.The findings will inform the development of targeted emission reduction strategies and sustainable transport policies.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2600600,2021YFB2600601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52408456)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720533)College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(No.202410710009)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2024SF-YBXM-659).
文摘Shaking table tests are widely used to evaluate seismic effects on railway structures,but accurately measuring rail displacement remains a significant challenge owing to the nonlinear characteristics of large displacements,ambient noise interference,and limitations in displacement meter installation.In this paper,a novel method that integrates the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)feature tracker with an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is presented for measuring rail displacement during shaking table tests.The method employs KLT feature tracker and a random sample consensus algorithm to extract and track key feature points,while EKF optimally estimates dynamic states by accounting for system noise and observation errors.Shaking table test results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an acceleration root mean square error of 0.300 m/s^(2)and a correlation with accelerometer data exceeding 99.7%,significantly outper-forming the original KLT approach.This innovative method provides a more efficient and reliable solution for measuring rail displacement under large nonlinear vibrations.
基金State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility,Grant/Award Number:KFY2417Science and Technology Innovation 2030-“New Generation Artificial Intelligence”Major Project,Grant/Award Number:2022ZD0116305+7 种基金State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology,Grant/Award Number:IVSTSKL-202402Anhui Province Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar,Grant/Award Number:2308085J02National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:U2013601,U20A20225Wuhu Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Engineering Project,Grant/Award Number:2021zc04CAAI-Huawei Mind Spore Open Fund,Grant/Award Number:CAAIXSJLJJ-2022-011ANatural Science Foundation of Hefei,China,Grant/Award Number:202321State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body,Grant/Award Number:32215010Wuhu Municipal Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:2021hg17。
文摘Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC)possesses robust disturbance rejection capabilities,making it well-suited for longitudinal velocity control.However,the conventional Extended State Observer(ESO)in ADRC fails to fully exploit feedback from first-order and higher-order estimation errors and tracking error simultaneously,thereby diminishing the control performance of ADRC.To address this limitation,an enhanced car-following algorithm utilising ADRC is proposed,which integrates the improved ESO with a feedback controller.In comparison to the conventional ESO,the enhanced version effectively utilises multi-order estimation and tracking errors.Specifically,it enhances convergence rates by incorporating feedback from higher-order estimation errors and ensures the estimated value converges to the reference value by utilising tracking error feedback.The improved ESO significantly enhances the disturbance rejection performance of ADRC.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through the Lyapunov approach and experiments.
基金the support from National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan under grant numbers NSTC 113-2811-E-019-001 and NSTC 113-2221-E-019-059.
文摘The extended Kalman filter(EKF)is extensively applied in integrated navigation systems that combine the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)and strap-down inertial navigation system(SINS).However,the performance of the EKF can be severely impacted by non-Gaussian noise and measurement noise uncertainties,making it difficult to achieve optimal GNSS/INS integration.Dealing with non-Gaussian noise remains a significant challenge in filter development today.Therefore,the maximum correntropy criterion(MCC)is utilized in EKFs to manage heavytailed measurement noise.However,its capability to handle non-Gaussian process noise and unknown disturbances remains largely unexplored.In this paper,we extend correntropy from using a single kernel to a multi-kernel approach.This leads to the development of a multi-kernel maximum correntropy extended Kalman filter(MKMC-EKF),which is designed to effectively manage multivariate non-Gaussian noise and disturbances.Further,theoretical analysis,including advanced stability proofs,can enhance understanding,while hybrid approaches integrating MKMC-EKF with particle filters may improve performance in nonlinear systems.The MKMC-EKF enhances estimation accuracy using a multi-kernel bandwidth approach.As bandwidth increases,the filter’s sensitivity to non-Gaussian features decreases,and its behavior progressively approximates that of the iterated EKF.The proposed approach for enhancing positioning in navigation is validated through performance evaluations,which demonstrate its practical applications in real-world systems like GPS navigation and measuring radar targets.
