Drug optimization, which improves drug potency/specificity by structure-activity relationship(SAR) and drug-like properties, is rigorously performed to select drug candidates for clinical trials. However,the current d...Drug optimization, which improves drug potency/specificity by structure-activity relationship(SAR) and drug-like properties, is rigorously performed to select drug candidates for clinical trials. However,the current drug optimization may overlook the structure-tissue exposure/selectivity-relationship(STR) in disease-targeted tissues vs. normal tissues, which may mislead the drug candidate selection and impact the balance of clinical efficacy/toxicity. In this study, we investigated the STR in correlation with observed clinical efficacy/toxicity using seven selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs) that have similar structures, same molecular target, and similar/different pharmacokinetics. The results showed that drug’s plasma exposure was not correlated with drug’s exposures in the target tissues(tumor, fat pad, bone, uterus),while tissue exposure/selectivity of SERMs was correlated with clinical efficacy/safety. Slight structure modifications of four SERMs did not change drug’s plasma exposure but altered drug’s tissue exposure/selectivity.Seven SERMs with high protein binding showed higher accumulation in tumors compared to surrounding normal tissues, which is likely due to tumor EPR effect of protein-bound drugs. These suggest that STR alters drug’s tissue exposure/selectivity in disease-targeted tissues vs. normal tissues impacting clinical efficacy/toxicity. Drug optimization needs to balance the SAR and STR in selecting drug candidate for clinical trial to improve success of clinical drug development.展开更多
This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high con...This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs(∑Parent-PAHs)in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility,total derivatives of PAHs[named as XPAHs,including nitro PAHs(NPAHs),chlorinated PAHs(Cl-PAHs),and brominated PAHs(Br-PAHs)]in gas(mean=1.57×10^(4)ng/m^(3)),total suspended particulate(TSP)(mean=4.33×10^(3) ng/m^(3))and soil(mean=4.37×10^(3) ng/g)in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility,surrounding residential areas and reference areas,indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs.Especially,compared with those in residential and reference areas,gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher∑NPAH/∑PAHs(mean=2.18),but lower∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs(mean=1.43×10^(-1))and∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios(mean=7.49×10^(-2)),indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process.The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure,and the ILCR(1.04×10^(-4))for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk.Furthermore,one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area,and another 35 PAHs were found,including alkyl-PAHs,phenyl-PAHs and other species,indicat-ing that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.展开更多
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles o...Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells(A549 cells)exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.A total of 84 differential metabolites(DMs)were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT,which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids(e.g.,glutamate,alanine,aspartate),purine metabolism,glycolysis,etc.The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica.Remarkably,glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells,and the levels of related metabolites(e.g.,succinate)and enzymes(e.g.,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)dehydrogenase)were substantially up-regulated,with a preference toα-KG pathway.Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail(zinc finger transcription factor).Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.展开更多
The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts c...The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.展开更多
Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemio...Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.展开更多
Many studies have shown the negative relationship between long term exposure to PM_(2.5)and cardiac dysfunction.Recently,studies have shown that even a single exposure of PM_(2.5)from air sample in permissible range c...Many studies have shown the negative relationship between long term exposure to PM_(2.5)and cardiac dysfunction.Recently,studies have shown that even a single exposure of PM_(2.5)from air sample in permissible range can induce very mild cardiac pathological changes.In the present study,we revisited the toxic effect of PM_(2.5)on rat heart by adopting single and multiple exposure durations.FemaleWistar ratswere exposed to PM_(2.5)at a concentration of 250μg/m3 daily for 3 hr for single(1 day)and multiple(7,14,21 days)durations.The major pathological changes noted in 21 days exposed myocardium comprised of an elevated ST segment(the segment between the S wave and the T wave),development of cardiac fibrosis,hypertrophy,cardiac injury,tissue inflammation and declined cardiac function.With 14 days exposed heart,the electrocardiograms(ECG),data showed insignificantly declined heart rate and an increased QT(the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave)interval along with mild fibrosis,hypertrophy and lesser number of TUNEL positive cells.On the other hand,single-and 7-days exposure to PM_(2.5)did not impart any significant changes in the myocardium.To determine the reversibility potential of PM_(2.5)induced cardiotoxicity,a washout period of 24 hours was adopted and all observed changes in the myocardium were reversed till day 7,but not in 14-and 21-days exposed samples.Based on the above findings we concluded that PM_(2.5)associated cardiac dysfunction is the cumulative outcome of ineffective cardiac adaptive and repair process that accumulate additively over the time due to prolonged exposure durations.展开更多
Rice,a primary food staple for over half of the global population,is susceptible to environmental pollution.The presence of lipophilic halogenated contaminants,including halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(XP...Rice,a primary food staple for over half of the global population,is susceptible to environmental pollution.The presence of lipophilic halogenated contaminants,including halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(XPAHs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),brominated flame retardants(BFRs),and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),has become a growing concern due to their potential health risks and environmental impact.This review focused on the research of lipophilic halogenated contaminants in rice.We summarized the physicochemical properties,toxicity profiles,and contamination levels in rice.Moreover,the strategies for reducing lipophilic halogenated contaminant levels in rice were summarized and proposed,such as phytoremediation and improved processing methods.These findings can provide a reference for the understanding and control of lipophilic halogenated contaminants during rice growing and processing,and therefore reduce the associated risks.展开更多
Mercury(Hg),especially methylmercury(MeHg),accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals.In a...Mercury(Hg),especially methylmercury(MeHg),accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals.In addition to being a food staple,rice is widely used as a raw material to produce a vast variety of processed food products.Little is known about Hg levels in snacking rice-food products and potential Hg exposure from consumption of them,besides previous studies on infant rice cereals.Aiming to provide complementary information for a more complete assessment on Hg exposure risk originated from Hgcontaining rice,this study determined total Hg(THg)and MeHg levels in 195 rice-containing and rice-free processed food products covering all major types of snack foods marketed in China and the estimated daily intake(EDI)of dietary Hg from the consumption of these foods.The results clearly showed THg and MeHg contents in rice-containing foods were significantly higher than rice-free products,suggesting the transfer of Hg and MeHg from the rice to the end products,even after manufacturing processes.Moreover,significant positive correlations were observed between THg,MeHg,or MeHg/THg ratio and rice content for samples containing multiple grains as ingredients,further indicating the deciding role of rice for Hg levels in the end food products.Although the EDI of THg and MeHg via ricebased food products were relatively low compared to the reference dose,it should be considered these snacking food products would contribute additive Hg intake outside of the daily regular meals.展开更多
This study investigates the microstructural evolution of a novel low-cost second-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure at different temperatures(982℃,1038℃,1093℃)and its im...This study investigates the microstructural evolution of a novel low-cost second-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure at different temperatures(982℃,1038℃,1093℃)and its impact on the stress rupture properties of alloy.The results reveal that theγ′phase undergoes coarsening and rafting at high temperatures,and its growth behavior follows the Ostwald ripening mechanism.With the increase in aging temperature and extension of aging time,the coarsening rate of theγ′phase increases significantly.Particularly at 1093℃,theγ′phase undergoes the most pronounced growth,leading to a remarkable deterioration of its precipitation strengthening effect.Furthermore,under conditions of higher temperature and longer time,minor amounts of topologically close-packed(TCP)phase precipitate.As the aging temperature rises and time elapses,the precipitation tendency of the TCP phase shows a slight increase.The stress rupture testing at 1100℃/120 MPa demonstrates that the stress rupture life decreases significantly with the increase in thermal exposure temperature and time.This is mainly attributed to the diminished precipitation strengthening effect of theγ′phase and the deteriorating effect of the TCP phase.However,under the same conditions,the stress rupture properties of this alloy are comparable to those of the DD5 alloy.This research provides theoretical support for enhancing the service stability and reliability of single crystal turbine blades,and offers a reference for the development of cost-effective and highperformance turbine blade materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role ...BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role in this process.AIM To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation,and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15,2024.RESULTS We identified six genes(Alu,CABLES1,CDH1,PDX1,PTEN,PTPRN2)related to pesticide exposure and T2D.We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.CONCLUSION DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.展开更多
Bisphenol A(BPA)is a recognized estrogenic endocrine disruptor that poses a threat to the reproductive health of fish.However,it remains unclear whether and how paternal BPA exposure can lead to developmental toxicity...Bisphenol A(BPA)is a recognized estrogenic endocrine disruptor that poses a threat to the reproductive health of fish.However,it remains unclear whether and how paternal BPA exposure can lead to developmental toxicity in offspring.To explore the potential paternal BPA exposure impacts on craniofacial cartilage growth in offspring,male rare minnows were subjected to BPA and subsequently mated with normal females to produce progeny.Our results demonstrated that paternal BPA exposure resulted in increased malformation and delayed craniofacial cartilage development in the F1 offspring.Furthermore,BPA exposure led to differential expression of 28 miRNAs in paternal sperm in F0 generation(13 upregulated and 15 downregulated),among which 7 miRNAs were involved in the regulation of bone development.BPA also downregulated the expression of bmp2a and Runx1 during F1 embryonic development.The inhibited bmp2a expression might derive from BPA's stimulation of one miRNA,aca-miR-16a-5P,due to bmp2a being one of its target genes.Notably,paternal BPA exposure did not affect craniofacial cartilage development or gonadal development in the F2 generation.Overall,our study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of paternal BPA exposure on facial chondrogenesis in offspring and provides theoretical support for the ecological protection of fish populations.展开更多
Solid-phase extraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS)was used to evaluate the contamination of ochratoxin A(OTA)and assessed the human exposure risk of OTA in Ras...Solid-phase extraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS)was used to evaluate the contamination of ochratoxin A(OTA)and assessed the human exposure risk of OTA in Rasa roxburghii.A more suitable method for OTA extraction and purification of R.roxburghii was obtained.Treated 25 mL of R.roxburghii juice with enzymatic hydrolysis at a concentration of 0.06 mg/mL,filtered the resulting mixture and concentrated the filtrate to dry,then redissolved with 0.2 mL of methanol and diluted with 0.4 mL of ultra-pure water.Added sample solution to the activated hydrophilic-lipophilic balance(HLB)column,washed with 6 mL of ultra-pure water and purified by eluting with 6 mL of methanol.The eluent was collected and dried using nitrogen at 40℃,then redissolved in 1 mL of methanol and filtered for detection.The hazard quotient(HQ)values of all R.roxburghii fruit and juice,which were storage at room temperature,4 and−20℃from 0 day to 63 days,ranged from 0.077%to 35.792%,which were within the allowable limits for human consumption.From the perspective of OTA contamination,the results indicated that the maximal storage time of R.roxburghii fruit were 14 days at room temperature,35 days at 4℃and 63 days at−20℃.And the maximal storage time of R.roxburghii juice were 7 days for sealed storage and the same day for open storage at room temperature,14 days for sealed storage and 7 days for open storage at 4℃,and 63 days for sealed storage and 56 days for open storage at−20℃during the experiment period.And all thirty samples randomly sampled from the market were OTA negative.The results of this study can lay a foundation for the formulation of OTA limit standards in fruits and juice in the future,and provide a reference for consumers to consume R.roxburghii more healthily.展开更多
Aluminum is the most abundant environmental pollutant.Recent studies suggest that aluminum exposure increases the risk of multiple diseases,including intestinal barrier dysfunction.We investigated whether Pueraria lob...Aluminum is the most abundant environmental pollutant.Recent studies suggest that aluminum exposure increases the risk of multiple diseases,including intestinal barrier dysfunction.We investigated whether Pueraria lobata extract(PLE)is effective in safeguarding against aluminum chloride exposureexacerbated intestinal barrier dysfunction.Using an experimental colitis model of aluminum-exacerbated dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-treated mice,clinical and pathological evidence suggested that the administration of PLE counteracted aluminum exposure-induced intestinal barrier damage.In addition,we found that aluminum toxicities,including loss of tight junction molecules(TJs),upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines,and enhanced myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,were significantly suppressed by PLE administration.Furthermore,PLE administration was identified to inhibit activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways,which contribute to upregulation of myosin light-chain kinase(MLCK)in inflamed intestine.Taken together,these results suggest that PLE might be a potential candidate for aluminum exposure-related intestinal barrier dysfunction.展开更多
BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and...BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and characteristics of research on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD.METHODS A thorough examination of publications on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD from 1999 to 2022 was carried out by extensively screening the literature using the Web of Science Core Collection.The language of the selected publications was standardized to English.Afterward,different academic tools such as CiteSpace,VOSviewer,HistCite,Python,Matplotlib,and Bibliometrix were utilized to examine the research trends in this field.RESULTS The study’s findings indicated a steady increase in scientific publications among the 1640 analyzed documents,peaking in 2022 with 197 publications.The United States emerged as the leading nation regarding high-quality publications and international collaboration.Harvard University was identified as the most prolific institution.“Environmental research”was the most frequently contributing journal,and Muenzel T was recognized as the top contributor.Current research hotspots are primarily concentrated on themes such as“cardiovascular disease”,“exposure”,“risk”,“mortality”,and“air pollution”.CONCLUSION This study highlights increasing research on the link between environmental exposure and CVD,identifying key exposures and diseases while emphasizing the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms.展开更多
Developing a high-efficiency catalyst with both superior low-temperature activity and good N_(2)selectivity is still challenging for the NH_(3)selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x)from mobile sources.Herein,we d...Developing a high-efficiency catalyst with both superior low-temperature activity and good N_(2)selectivity is still challenging for the NH_(3)selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x)from mobile sources.Herein,we demonstrate the improved low-temperature activity and N_(2)selectivity by regulating the redox and acidic properties of MnCe oxides supported on etched ZSM-5 supports.The etched ZSM-5 enables the highly dispersed state of MnCeOx species and strong interaction between Mn and Ce species,which promotes the reduction of CeO2,facilitates electron transfer from Mn to Ce,and generates more Mn^(4+)and Ce^(3+)species.The strong redox capacity contributes to forming the reactive nitrate species and-NH_(2)species from oxidative dehydrogenation of NH_(3).Moreover,the adsorbed NH_(3)and-NH_(2)species are the reactive intermediates that promote the formation of N_(2).This work demonstrates an effective strategy to enhance the low-temperature activity and N_(2)selectivity of SCR catalysts,contributing to the NO_(x)control for the low-temperature exhaust gas during the cold-start of diesel vehicles.展开更多
Bio-accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)in human body may result in various adverse health effects.This study measured the levels of 16 EDCs in the visceral adipose tissue of 55 participants in China a...Bio-accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)in human body may result in various adverse health effects.This study measured the levels of 16 EDCs in the visceral adipose tissue of 55 participants in China and investigated their association with obesity.MeP,BPP,PrP,BPA,EtP,BPE,and BPC were frequently detected in more than 50%of the adipose tissues.A positive correlation between bisphenol A and body mass index(BMI)was observed in both multivariate linear regression model(β=0.87,95%confidence interval:0.21-1.53,p=0.011)and multivariate logistic regression analysis(odds ratio=1.28,95%confidence interval:1.01-1.62,0.044).Restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed a significant nonlinear association between bisphenol P and BMI.Weighted quantile sum regression and quantile-based g-computation revealed a slight positive trend between EDCs mixed exposure and BMI,with bisphenol A as the primary contributor to the positive correlation with BMI.Our findings suggest the extensive existence of environmental EDCs in the adipose tissue of the adult Chinese population and indicate that exposure to BPA in adipose tissue may be associated with the occurrence of obesity.展开更多
Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public se...Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public service facilities to natural disasters,and even less under the scenarios of multiple hazards.This study integrated big data of public service facilities into a multi-hazard exposure as-sessment of floods and earthquakes of China in 2021.Results show that public service facilities in China are disproportionally exposed to floods and earthquakes.Flood and seismic exposure reach 50.36%and 10.69%,which are 4.14 times and 1.05 times of the shares of the two hazard zones;in the overlapping zone 4.76%of the facilities are concentrated,5.17 times of the overlapping zone’s share.Par-ticularly,exposure of public service facilities is relatively high in Northwest China,where both the protection standards for floods and earthquakes are relatively weak.Furthermore,financial facilities contribute the most to flood exposure,while scientific and educational facilities contribute most to the overlapping exposure.We further propose location-specific optimization measures for different types of public service facilities.Our findings shed light on a comprehensive understanding and proper risk management of multi-hazard expos-ure of public service facilities.The incorporation of big data into multi-hazard exposure analysis of public service facilities can be exten-ded to various regions,thereby offering a valuable tool for informed management of natural disaster risk.展开更多
Associations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)on lipid metabolism have been documented but research remains scarce regarding effect of PFAS on lipid variability.To deeply understand their relationship,a step...Associations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)on lipid metabolism have been documented but research remains scarce regarding effect of PFAS on lipid variability.To deeply understand their relationship,a step-forward in causal inference is expected.To address these,we conducted a longitudinal study with three repeated measurements involving 201 participants in Beijing,among which 100 eligible participants were included for the present study.Twenty-three PFAS and four lipid indicators were assessed at each visit.We used linear mixed models and quantile g-computation models to investigate associations between PFAS and blood lipid levels.A latent class growth model described PFAS serum exposure patterns,and a generalized linear model demonstrated associations between these patterns and lipid variability.Our study found that PFDA was associated with increased TC(β=0.083,95%CI:0.011,0.155)and HDL-C(β=0.106,95%CI:0.034,0.178).The PFAS mixture also showed a positive relationship with TC(β=0.06,95%CI:0.02,0.10),with PFDA contributing most positively.Compared to the low trajectory group,the middle trajectory group for PFDA was associated with VIM of TC(β=0.756,95%CI:0.153,1.359).Furthermore,PFDA showed biological gradientswith lipid metabolism.This is the first repeated-measures study to identify the impact of PFAS serum exposure pattern on the lipid metabolism and the first to estimate the association between PFAS and blood lipid levels in middle-aged and elderly Chinese and reinforce the evidence of their causal relationship through epidemiological studies.展开更多
Antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on intestinal immunity,metabolism,and gut microbiota(GM)composition,particularly by disturbing GM composition without short-term recovery.Capsaicin,a dietary irritant,is general...Antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on intestinal immunity,metabolism,and gut microbiota(GM)composition,particularly by disturbing GM composition without short-term recovery.Capsaicin,a dietary irritant,is generally avoided during antibiotic therapy,but its mechanism remains unclear.To explore the effects of capsaicin on intestinal health during antibiotic administration,we conducted experiments in specifi c pathogen free(SPF)and germ-free(GF)mice and correlation analyses using 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics to explore the protective role of the intestinal biological barrier.The results showed that additional supplementation of capsaicin under antibiotic exposure did not cause serious damage to the intestine,but had potential adverse effects on the structure,function,and metabolites of GM,including increasing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens(Mucispirillum and Aeromonas),enriching metabolic pathways(arachidonic acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis),and metabolites associated with colon infl ammation(N-acetylhistamine).In the absence of GM barrier,the benefi cial function of capsaicin on the intestine was weakened and even induced adverse effects,suggesting that GM may have a certain mediating mechanism in the physiological function of capsaicin.展开更多
Personal care products(PCPs)are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment.Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of P...Personal care products(PCPs)are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment.Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of PCPs in the human body and can be crucial for identifying potential health hazards.To gain a better understanding of timely exposure profiles and health risk of reproductive-age population to PCPs,we determined six parabens,six benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters,and three disinfectants in 256 urine samples collected from young adults aged 18-44 years in Beijing,China.The urinary levels of benzophenone-3(BP-3)and 4-hydroxybenzophenone(4-OHBP)were significantly higher in summer compared to winter,suggesting these compounds have different seasonal usage patterns.Moreover,the total concentration of 15 PCPs in female was 430 ng/mL,approximately two times higher than that in male.P-chloro-m-xylenol(PCMX),as a new type of antibacterial agent,has the greatest level among all target analytes,indicating the increasingly use of this antibacterial alternative recently.Five potential influencing factors that lead to the elevated exposure level of PCPs were identified.Over 19%of the target population had a high hazard index value(greater than 1)which was attributed to exposure to propyl paraben(PrP),benzophenone-1(BP-1),BP-3 and PCMX,indicating that PCPs may pose a relatively high exposure risk at environmental levels that should be a cause for concern.展开更多
基金partially supported by the funding from Celgene Corporation (USA)。
文摘Drug optimization, which improves drug potency/specificity by structure-activity relationship(SAR) and drug-like properties, is rigorously performed to select drug candidates for clinical trials. However,the current drug optimization may overlook the structure-tissue exposure/selectivity-relationship(STR) in disease-targeted tissues vs. normal tissues, which may mislead the drug candidate selection and impact the balance of clinical efficacy/toxicity. In this study, we investigated the STR in correlation with observed clinical efficacy/toxicity using seven selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs) that have similar structures, same molecular target, and similar/different pharmacokinetics. The results showed that drug’s plasma exposure was not correlated with drug’s exposures in the target tissues(tumor, fat pad, bone, uterus),while tissue exposure/selectivity of SERMs was correlated with clinical efficacy/safety. Slight structure modifications of four SERMs did not change drug’s plasma exposure but altered drug’s tissue exposure/selectivity.Seven SERMs with high protein binding showed higher accumulation in tumors compared to surrounding normal tissues, which is likely due to tumor EPR effect of protein-bound drugs. These suggest that STR alters drug’s tissue exposure/selectivity in disease-targeted tissues vs. normal tissues impacting clinical efficacy/toxicity. Drug optimization needs to balance the SAR and STR in selecting drug candidate for clinical trial to improve success of clinical drug development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1804501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22036007 and 22122611)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020ME228)the Introduction and Cultivation Plan for Young Innovative Talents of Colleges and Universities.
文摘This study investigated environmental distribution and human exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their derivatives in one Chinese petroleum refinery facility.It was found that,following with high concentrations of 16 EPA PAHs(∑Parent-PAHs)in smelting subarea of studied petroleum refinery facility,total derivatives of PAHs[named as XPAHs,including nitro PAHs(NPAHs),chlorinated PAHs(Cl-PAHs),and brominated PAHs(Br-PAHs)]in gas(mean=1.57×10^(4)ng/m^(3)),total suspended particulate(TSP)(mean=4.33×10^(3) ng/m^(3))and soil(mean=4.37×10^(3) ng/g)in this subarea had 1.76-6.19 times higher levels than those from other subareas of this facility,surrounding residential areas and reference areas,indicating that petroleum refining processes would lead apparent derivation of PAHs.Especially,compared with those in residential and reference areas,gas samples in the petrochemical areas had higher∑NPAH/∑PAHs(mean=2.18),but lower∑Cl-PAH/∑PAHs(mean=1.43×10^(-1))and∑Br-PAH/∑PAHs ratios(mean=7.49×10^(-2)),indicating the richer nitrification of PAHs than chlorination during petrochemical process.The occupational exposure to PAHs and XPAHs in this petroleum refinery facility were 24-343 times higher than non-occupational exposure,and the ILCR(1.04×10^(-4))for petrochemical workers was considered to be potential high risk.Furthermore,one expanded high-resolution screening through GC Orbitrap/MS was performed for soils from petrochemical area,and another 35 PAHs were found,including alkyl-PAHs,phenyl-PAHs and other species,indicat-ing that profiles and risks of PAHs analogs in petrochemical areas deserve further expanded investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206207,22127810,and 22276224)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515011546 and 2023A1515010085)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202102080005)。
文摘Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis.However,molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed.Herein,metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells(A549 cells)exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches.A total of 84 differential metabolites(DMs)were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT,which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids(e.g.,glutamate,alanine,aspartate),purine metabolism,glycolysis,etc.The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica.Remarkably,glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells,and the levels of related metabolites(e.g.,succinate)and enzymes(e.g.,α-ketoglutarate(α-KG)dehydrogenase)were substantially up-regulated,with a preference toα-KG pathway.Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail(zinc finger transcription factor).Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.
文摘The highly selective catalytic hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatics was achieved by employing Pd‑based catalysts that were co‑modified with organic and inorganic ligands.It was demonstrated that the catalysts contained Pd species in mixed valence states,with high valence Pd at the metal‑support interface and zero valence Pd at the metal surface.While the strong coordination of triphenylphosphine(PPh3)to Pd0 on the Pd surface prevents the adsorption of halogenated nitroaromatics and thus dehalogenation,the coordination of sodium metavanadate(NaVO3)to high‑valence Pd sites at the interface helps to activate H2 in a heterolytic pathway for the selective hydrogenation of nitro‑groups.The excellent catalytic performance of the interfacial active sites enables the selective hydrogenation of a wide range of halogenated nitroaromatics.
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82304253)(and 82273709)the Foundation for Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022KQNCX021)the PhD Starting Project of Guangdong Medical University(Grant No.GDMUB2022054).
文摘Objective Humans are exposed to complex mixtures of environmental chemicals and other factors that can affect their health.Analysis of these mixture exposures presents several key challenges for environmental epidemiology and risk assessment,including high dimensionality,correlated exposure,and subtle individual effects.Methods We proposed a novel statistical approach,the generalized functional linear model(GFLM),to analyze the health effects of exposure mixtures.GFLM treats the effect of mixture exposures as a smooth function by reordering exposures based on specific mechanisms and capturing internal correlations to provide a meaningful estimation and interpretation.The robustness and efficiency was evaluated under various scenarios through extensive simulation studies.Results We applied the GFLM to two datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).In the first application,we examined the effects of 37 nutrients on BMI(2011–2016 cycles).The GFLM identified a significant mixture effect,with fiber and fat emerging as the nutrients with the greatest negative and positive effects on BMI,respectively.For the second application,we investigated the association between four pre-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)and gout risk(2007–2018 cycles).Unlike traditional methods,the GFLM indicated no significant association,demonstrating its robustness to multicollinearity.Conclusion GFLM framework is a powerful tool for mixture exposure analysis,offering improved handling of correlated exposures and interpretable results.It demonstrates robust performance across various scenarios and real-world applications,advancing our understanding of complex environmental exposures and their health impacts on environmental epidemiology and toxicology.
基金the Indian Council of Medical Research(No.3/1/2(22)/Env/2021-NCD-II)Department of science and technology,India(CRG/2021/000227)for funding this research.
文摘Many studies have shown the negative relationship between long term exposure to PM_(2.5)and cardiac dysfunction.Recently,studies have shown that even a single exposure of PM_(2.5)from air sample in permissible range can induce very mild cardiac pathological changes.In the present study,we revisited the toxic effect of PM_(2.5)on rat heart by adopting single and multiple exposure durations.FemaleWistar ratswere exposed to PM_(2.5)at a concentration of 250μg/m3 daily for 3 hr for single(1 day)and multiple(7,14,21 days)durations.The major pathological changes noted in 21 days exposed myocardium comprised of an elevated ST segment(the segment between the S wave and the T wave),development of cardiac fibrosis,hypertrophy,cardiac injury,tissue inflammation and declined cardiac function.With 14 days exposed heart,the electrocardiograms(ECG),data showed insignificantly declined heart rate and an increased QT(the time from the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave)interval along with mild fibrosis,hypertrophy and lesser number of TUNEL positive cells.On the other hand,single-and 7-days exposure to PM_(2.5)did not impart any significant changes in the myocardium.To determine the reversibility potential of PM_(2.5)induced cardiotoxicity,a washout period of 24 hours was adopted and all observed changes in the myocardium were reversed till day 7,but not in 14-and 21-days exposed samples.Based on the above findings we concluded that PM_(2.5)associated cardiac dysfunction is the cumulative outcome of ineffective cardiac adaptive and repair process that accumulate additively over the time due to prolonged exposure durations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32061160476).
文摘Rice,a primary food staple for over half of the global population,is susceptible to environmental pollution.The presence of lipophilic halogenated contaminants,including halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(XPAHs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),brominated flame retardants(BFRs),and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),has become a growing concern due to their potential health risks and environmental impact.This review focused on the research of lipophilic halogenated contaminants in rice.We summarized the physicochemical properties,toxicity profiles,and contamination levels in rice.Moreover,the strategies for reducing lipophilic halogenated contaminant levels in rice were summarized and proposed,such as phytoremediation and improved processing methods.These findings can provide a reference for the understanding and control of lipophilic halogenated contaminants during rice growing and processing,and therefore reduce the associated risks.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2022QB242)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22306111 and 22306108)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.ZR2020ZD20)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023M732059).
文摘Mercury(Hg),especially methylmercury(MeHg),accumulation in rice grain due to rice paddy possessing conditions conducive to Hg methylation has led to human Hg exposure through consumption of rice-based daily meals.In addition to being a food staple,rice is widely used as a raw material to produce a vast variety of processed food products.Little is known about Hg levels in snacking rice-food products and potential Hg exposure from consumption of them,besides previous studies on infant rice cereals.Aiming to provide complementary information for a more complete assessment on Hg exposure risk originated from Hgcontaining rice,this study determined total Hg(THg)and MeHg levels in 195 rice-containing and rice-free processed food products covering all major types of snack foods marketed in China and the estimated daily intake(EDI)of dietary Hg from the consumption of these foods.The results clearly showed THg and MeHg contents in rice-containing foods were significantly higher than rice-free products,suggesting the transfer of Hg and MeHg from the rice to the end products,even after manufacturing processes.Moreover,significant positive correlations were observed between THg,MeHg,or MeHg/THg ratio and rice content for samples containing multiple grains as ingredients,further indicating the deciding role of rice for Hg levels in the end food products.Although the EDI of THg and MeHg via ricebased food products were relatively low compared to the reference dose,it should be considered these snacking food products would contribute additive Hg intake outside of the daily regular meals.
文摘This study investigates the microstructural evolution of a novel low-cost second-generation Ni-based single crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure at different temperatures(982℃,1038℃,1093℃)and its impact on the stress rupture properties of alloy.The results reveal that theγ′phase undergoes coarsening and rafting at high temperatures,and its growth behavior follows the Ostwald ripening mechanism.With the increase in aging temperature and extension of aging time,the coarsening rate of theγ′phase increases significantly.Particularly at 1093℃,theγ′phase undergoes the most pronounced growth,leading to a remarkable deterioration of its precipitation strengthening effect.Furthermore,under conditions of higher temperature and longer time,minor amounts of topologically close-packed(TCP)phase precipitate.As the aging temperature rises and time elapses,the precipitation tendency of the TCP phase shows a slight increase.The stress rupture testing at 1100℃/120 MPa demonstrates that the stress rupture life decreases significantly with the increase in thermal exposure temperature and time.This is mainly attributed to the diminished precipitation strengthening effect of theγ′phase and the deteriorating effect of the TCP phase.However,under the same conditions,the stress rupture properties of this alloy are comparable to those of the DD5 alloy.This research provides theoretical support for enhancing the service stability and reliability of single crystal turbine blades,and offers a reference for the development of cost-effective and highperformance turbine blade materials.
文摘BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological studies have found that pesticide exposure is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes(T2D);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.DNA methylation may play a role in this process.AIM To identify the genes associated with pesticide exposure and T2D by reviewing the current literature.METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and Embase for relevant studies that examined the association between pesticide exposure and DNA methylation,and studies on DNA methylation and T2D through January 15,2024.RESULTS We identified six genes(Alu,CABLES1,CDH1,PDX1,PTEN,PTPRN2)related to pesticide exposure and T2D.We also suggested future research directions to better define the role of DNA methylation in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.CONCLUSION DNA methylation of specific genes may play a vital role in the association between pesticide exposure and T2D.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670523)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.23KJB180005)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230690)Jiangsu Ocean University Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program Project(No.KYCX2023-105).
文摘Bisphenol A(BPA)is a recognized estrogenic endocrine disruptor that poses a threat to the reproductive health of fish.However,it remains unclear whether and how paternal BPA exposure can lead to developmental toxicity in offspring.To explore the potential paternal BPA exposure impacts on craniofacial cartilage growth in offspring,male rare minnows were subjected to BPA and subsequently mated with normal females to produce progeny.Our results demonstrated that paternal BPA exposure resulted in increased malformation and delayed craniofacial cartilage development in the F1 offspring.Furthermore,BPA exposure led to differential expression of 28 miRNAs in paternal sperm in F0 generation(13 upregulated and 15 downregulated),among which 7 miRNAs were involved in the regulation of bone development.BPA also downregulated the expression of bmp2a and Runx1 during F1 embryonic development.The inhibited bmp2a expression might derive from BPA's stimulation of one miRNA,aca-miR-16a-5P,due to bmp2a being one of its target genes.Notably,paternal BPA exposure did not affect craniofacial cartilage development or gonadal development in the F2 generation.Overall,our study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of paternal BPA exposure on facial chondrogenesis in offspring and provides theoretical support for the ecological protection of fish populations.
基金supported by the Guizhou Province High-level Innovative Talent Project(Qiankehe Platform Talent-GCC[2022]027-1)the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province(Qiankehe Platform Support-[2021]193).
文摘Solid-phase extraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS)was used to evaluate the contamination of ochratoxin A(OTA)and assessed the human exposure risk of OTA in Rasa roxburghii.A more suitable method for OTA extraction and purification of R.roxburghii was obtained.Treated 25 mL of R.roxburghii juice with enzymatic hydrolysis at a concentration of 0.06 mg/mL,filtered the resulting mixture and concentrated the filtrate to dry,then redissolved with 0.2 mL of methanol and diluted with 0.4 mL of ultra-pure water.Added sample solution to the activated hydrophilic-lipophilic balance(HLB)column,washed with 6 mL of ultra-pure water and purified by eluting with 6 mL of methanol.The eluent was collected and dried using nitrogen at 40℃,then redissolved in 1 mL of methanol and filtered for detection.The hazard quotient(HQ)values of all R.roxburghii fruit and juice,which were storage at room temperature,4 and−20℃from 0 day to 63 days,ranged from 0.077%to 35.792%,which were within the allowable limits for human consumption.From the perspective of OTA contamination,the results indicated that the maximal storage time of R.roxburghii fruit were 14 days at room temperature,35 days at 4℃and 63 days at−20℃.And the maximal storage time of R.roxburghii juice were 7 days for sealed storage and the same day for open storage at room temperature,14 days for sealed storage and 7 days for open storage at 4℃,and 63 days for sealed storage and 56 days for open storage at−20℃during the experiment period.And all thirty samples randomly sampled from the market were OTA negative.The results of this study can lay a foundation for the formulation of OTA limit standards in fruits and juice in the future,and provide a reference for consumers to consume R.roxburghii more healthily.
基金supported by the Shangrao Key Research and Development Project(19A005)。
文摘Aluminum is the most abundant environmental pollutant.Recent studies suggest that aluminum exposure increases the risk of multiple diseases,including intestinal barrier dysfunction.We investigated whether Pueraria lobata extract(PLE)is effective in safeguarding against aluminum chloride exposureexacerbated intestinal barrier dysfunction.Using an experimental colitis model of aluminum-exacerbated dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-treated mice,clinical and pathological evidence suggested that the administration of PLE counteracted aluminum exposure-induced intestinal barrier damage.In addition,we found that aluminum toxicities,including loss of tight junction molecules(TJs),upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines,and enhanced myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,were significantly suppressed by PLE administration.Furthermore,PLE administration was identified to inhibit activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways,which contribute to upregulation of myosin light-chain kinase(MLCK)in inflamed intestine.Taken together,these results suggest that PLE might be a potential candidate for aluminum exposure-related intestinal barrier dysfunction.
文摘BACKGROUND The increasing risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)associated with worsening environmental exposure is a critical health concern garnering global research attention.AIM To systematically assess the scope and characteristics of research on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD.METHODS A thorough examination of publications on the relationship between environmental exposure and CVD from 1999 to 2022 was carried out by extensively screening the literature using the Web of Science Core Collection.The language of the selected publications was standardized to English.Afterward,different academic tools such as CiteSpace,VOSviewer,HistCite,Python,Matplotlib,and Bibliometrix were utilized to examine the research trends in this field.RESULTS The study’s findings indicated a steady increase in scientific publications among the 1640 analyzed documents,peaking in 2022 with 197 publications.The United States emerged as the leading nation regarding high-quality publications and international collaboration.Harvard University was identified as the most prolific institution.“Environmental research”was the most frequently contributing journal,and Muenzel T was recognized as the top contributor.Current research hotspots are primarily concentrated on themes such as“cardiovascular disease”,“exposure”,“risk”,“mortality”,and“air pollution”.CONCLUSION This study highlights increasing research on the link between environmental exposure and CVD,identifying key exposures and diseases while emphasizing the need for further investigation into underlying mechanisms.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125604,22106100,21976117,22276119)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.22QA1403700).
文摘Developing a high-efficiency catalyst with both superior low-temperature activity and good N_(2)selectivity is still challenging for the NH_(3)selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO_(x)from mobile sources.Herein,we demonstrate the improved low-temperature activity and N_(2)selectivity by regulating the redox and acidic properties of MnCe oxides supported on etched ZSM-5 supports.The etched ZSM-5 enables the highly dispersed state of MnCeOx species and strong interaction between Mn and Ce species,which promotes the reduction of CeO2,facilitates electron transfer from Mn to Ce,and generates more Mn^(4+)and Ce^(3+)species.The strong redox capacity contributes to forming the reactive nitrate species and-NH_(2)species from oxidative dehydrogenation of NH_(3).Moreover,the adsorbed NH_(3)and-NH_(2)species are the reactive intermediates that promote the formation of N_(2).This work demonstrates an effective strategy to enhance the low-temperature activity and N_(2)selectivity of SCR catalysts,contributing to the NO_(x)control for the low-temperature exhaust gas during the cold-start of diesel vehicles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125606 and 22241604)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project of Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-086).
文摘Bio-accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs)in human body may result in various adverse health effects.This study measured the levels of 16 EDCs in the visceral adipose tissue of 55 participants in China and investigated their association with obesity.MeP,BPP,PrP,BPA,EtP,BPE,and BPC were frequently detected in more than 50%of the adipose tissues.A positive correlation between bisphenol A and body mass index(BMI)was observed in both multivariate linear regression model(β=0.87,95%confidence interval:0.21-1.53,p=0.011)and multivariate logistic regression analysis(odds ratio=1.28,95%confidence interval:1.01-1.62,0.044).Restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed a significant nonlinear association between bisphenol P and BMI.Weighted quantile sum regression and quantile-based g-computation revealed a slight positive trend between EDCs mixed exposure and BMI,with bisphenol A as the primary contributor to the positive correlation with BMI.Our findings suggest the extensive existence of environmental EDCs in the adipose tissue of the adult Chinese population and indicate that exposure to BPA in adipose tissue may be associated with the occurrence of obesity.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41871200,4210010257)。
文摘Public service facilities are fundamental to our society,and their disruption could amplify losses and cause cascading effects during natural disasters.However,there is little knowledge about the exposure of public service facilities to natural disasters,and even less under the scenarios of multiple hazards.This study integrated big data of public service facilities into a multi-hazard exposure as-sessment of floods and earthquakes of China in 2021.Results show that public service facilities in China are disproportionally exposed to floods and earthquakes.Flood and seismic exposure reach 50.36%and 10.69%,which are 4.14 times and 1.05 times of the shares of the two hazard zones;in the overlapping zone 4.76%of the facilities are concentrated,5.17 times of the overlapping zone’s share.Par-ticularly,exposure of public service facilities is relatively high in Northwest China,where both the protection standards for floods and earthquakes are relatively weak.Furthermore,financial facilities contribute the most to flood exposure,while scientific and educational facilities contribute most to the overlapping exposure.We further propose location-specific optimization measures for different types of public service facilities.Our findings shed light on a comprehensive understanding and proper risk management of multi-hazard expos-ure of public service facilities.The incorporation of big data into multi-hazard exposure analysis of public service facilities can be exten-ded to various regions,thereby offering a valuable tool for informed management of natural disaster risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82404365)the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2023ZD0513200)+7 种基金China Medical Board(No.15-230)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M730317and 2023T160066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332023042)the Open Project of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health(No.202301)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3703000)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2022-JKCS-11)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-JB-003)the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976050).
文摘Associations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)on lipid metabolism have been documented but research remains scarce regarding effect of PFAS on lipid variability.To deeply understand their relationship,a step-forward in causal inference is expected.To address these,we conducted a longitudinal study with three repeated measurements involving 201 participants in Beijing,among which 100 eligible participants were included for the present study.Twenty-three PFAS and four lipid indicators were assessed at each visit.We used linear mixed models and quantile g-computation models to investigate associations between PFAS and blood lipid levels.A latent class growth model described PFAS serum exposure patterns,and a generalized linear model demonstrated associations between these patterns and lipid variability.Our study found that PFDA was associated with increased TC(β=0.083,95%CI:0.011,0.155)and HDL-C(β=0.106,95%CI:0.034,0.178).The PFAS mixture also showed a positive relationship with TC(β=0.06,95%CI:0.02,0.10),with PFDA contributing most positively.Compared to the low trajectory group,the middle trajectory group for PFDA was associated with VIM of TC(β=0.756,95%CI:0.153,1.359).Furthermore,PFDA showed biological gradientswith lipid metabolism.This is the first repeated-measures study to identify the impact of PFAS serum exposure pattern on the lipid metabolism and the first to estimate the association between PFAS and blood lipid levels in middle-aged and elderly Chinese and reinforce the evidence of their causal relationship through epidemiological studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122067 and U23A20259)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JUSRP622013Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Antibiotic exposure has adverse effects on intestinal immunity,metabolism,and gut microbiota(GM)composition,particularly by disturbing GM composition without short-term recovery.Capsaicin,a dietary irritant,is generally avoided during antibiotic therapy,but its mechanism remains unclear.To explore the effects of capsaicin on intestinal health during antibiotic administration,we conducted experiments in specifi c pathogen free(SPF)and germ-free(GF)mice and correlation analyses using 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics to explore the protective role of the intestinal biological barrier.The results showed that additional supplementation of capsaicin under antibiotic exposure did not cause serious damage to the intestine,but had potential adverse effects on the structure,function,and metabolites of GM,including increasing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens(Mucispirillum and Aeromonas),enriching metabolic pathways(arachidonic acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis),and metabolites associated with colon infl ammation(N-acetylhistamine).In the absence of GM barrier,the benefi cial function of capsaicin on the intestine was weakened and even induced adverse effects,suggesting that GM may have a certain mediating mechanism in the physiological function of capsaicin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22106154).
文摘Personal care products(PCPs)are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment.Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of PCPs in the human body and can be crucial for identifying potential health hazards.To gain a better understanding of timely exposure profiles and health risk of reproductive-age population to PCPs,we determined six parabens,six benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters,and three disinfectants in 256 urine samples collected from young adults aged 18-44 years in Beijing,China.The urinary levels of benzophenone-3(BP-3)and 4-hydroxybenzophenone(4-OHBP)were significantly higher in summer compared to winter,suggesting these compounds have different seasonal usage patterns.Moreover,the total concentration of 15 PCPs in female was 430 ng/mL,approximately two times higher than that in male.P-chloro-m-xylenol(PCMX),as a new type of antibacterial agent,has the greatest level among all target analytes,indicating the increasingly use of this antibacterial alternative recently.Five potential influencing factors that lead to the elevated exposure level of PCPs were identified.Over 19%of the target population had a high hazard index value(greater than 1)which was attributed to exposure to propyl paraben(PrP),benzophenone-1(BP-1),BP-3 and PCMX,indicating that PCPs may pose a relatively high exposure risk at environmental levels that should be a cause for concern.
