Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturiza...Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].展开更多
In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still rel...In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still relies mainly on experience and is incapable of quantifying the balance between the photovoltaic(PV)generation and the light requirements for agricultural production.As a result,actual PVGs are primarily PV-based,without carefully considering the needs of agricultural daylighting.To quantify the influence of the design parameters of PVGs and the layout of PV panels on the internal daylighting of serrated PVGs,and to optimize the daylighting design of the roof,this paper utilizes the Design Builder software to establish gradient models for a multi-span serrated-type PVG in tropical regions.Gradient models were established in terms of aspects,namely span,width of longitudinal/transverse daylighting strip,height,roof angle,and photovoltaic panel coverage rate(PCR).Daylighting in the greenhouse of each gradient model was simulated,and with the annual average daily light integral(A_(DLI))and distribution uniformity(DU)as evaluation indicators,the influence of various design parameters on the daylighting inside the greenhouse was quantified.The result reveals that:(1)PCR is the decisive indicator for daylighting in the PVG,and a function between PCR and the A_(DLI) is derived as A_(DLI)=-15.5 PCR+16.841;(2)Increasing the width of longitudinal daylighting strip significantly improves the A_(DLI) and enhances DU while increasing the span has a noticeable effect on improving A_(DLI) but does not significantly enhance DU;(3)Increasing the eave height without changing PCR does not enhance A_(DLI) but effectively improves DU;increasing the transverse daylighting strip and adjusting the roof angle hardly improves A_(DLI).In summary,it is recommended that the optimal span for PVGs in tropical regions be set within the range of 6.5-8.0m,and the eave height be set within the range of 2.5-3.5m.Preferably,the longitudinal daylighting strip with a width ranging from 0.5-0.8m should be installed.Based on the above relationship function,the PCR can be calculated according to the appropriate light demand for the cultivated crops.The daylighting design theory proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the healthy development of the PV industry in tropical regions.展开更多
Supplemental lighting has emerged as a widely adopted technique in greenhouse cultivation to enhance product visibility andimprove theflavor characteristics ofChinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)in the internationalmarket.W...Supplemental lighting has emerged as a widely adopted technique in greenhouse cultivation to enhance product visibility andimprove theflavor characteristics ofChinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)in the internationalmarket.While studies on lighting have predominantly focused on colorimetry,limited research has addressed the precise control of chromatic parameters and their effect on fruit quality.This study examined the effects of varying lighting conditions,specifically correlated color temperatures and illuminance,on the growth and quality of Chinese bayberry varieties“Black Charcoal”and“Dongkui”using a precision control system.The bayberry plants were exposed to a constant illuminance of 155μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) with chromatic levels ranging from 2250 to 6000 K.Black Charcoal demonstrated substantial improvements under different chromatic parameters,with fruit weight and size increasing by 40%and 14%,respectively.Furthermore,soluble solids content increased by 4% and vitamin C content rose by 142%,while organic acid content decreased by 30%.Dongkui,however,showed more modest responses under identical conditions,with fruit weight increasing by 2% and fruit size decreasing by 1%.Soluble solids and vitamin C contents showed minimal increases of 2% and 2.5%,respectively,while organic acid content decreased by 8%.The findings demonstrate that supplemental LED lighting significantly enhances both yield and quality parameters in Black Charcoal compared with Dongkui.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing Chinese bayberry cultivation,and the precise control methodology developed can be used to improve supplemental lighting strategies in other fruit and plant species.展开更多
The visual noise of each light intensity area is different when the image is drawn by Monte Carlo method.However,the existing denoising algorithms have limited denoising performance under complex lighting conditions a...The visual noise of each light intensity area is different when the image is drawn by Monte Carlo method.However,the existing denoising algorithms have limited denoising performance under complex lighting conditions and are easy to lose detailed information.So we propose a rendered image denoising method with filtering guided by lighting information.First,we design an image segmentation algorithm based on lighting information to segment the image into different illumination areas.Then,we establish the parameter prediction model guided by lighting information for filtering(PGLF)to predict the filtering parameters of different illumination areas.For different illumination areas,we use these filtering parameters to construct area filters,and the filters are guided by the lighting information to perform sub-area filtering.Finally,the filtering results are fused with auxiliary features to output denoised images for improving the overall denoising effect of the image.Under the physically based rendering tool(PBRT)scene and Tungsten dataset,the experimental results show that compared with other guided filtering denoising methods,our method improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)metrics by 4.2164 dB on average and the structural similarity index(SSIM)metrics by 7.8%on average.This shows that our method can better reduce the noise in complex lighting scenesand improvethe imagequality.展开更多
Green space plays an important role in the sustainable urban development.This study proposes the Green Lighting Index(GLI),integrating nighttime light data from SDGSAT-1 and theNormalized DifferenceVegetation Index(ND...Green space plays an important role in the sustainable urban development.This study proposes the Green Lighting Index(GLI),integrating nighttime light data from SDGSAT-1 and theNormalized DifferenceVegetation Index(NDVI)from Sentinel-2,to explore the nighttime human activity in green spaces across three major urban agglomerations in China:Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),and the Greater Bay Area(GBA).The findings reveal that,for most green spaces,the relationship between nighttime lighting and green spaces is predominantly exclusionary.However,a synergistic relationship is observed in some vibrant green spaces characterized by abundant nighttime lighting.This synergy is evident in high GLI levels,which are strongly positively correlated with per capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP).This research underscores the importance of integrating nighttime perspectives into green space studies.We believe GLI could be used in the assessment of green space quality and contribute to the development of sustainable cities.展开更多
The rapid expansion of urbanization has led to widespread exposure of wild birds to intensive light at night(LAN).While previous studies have established LAN-induced cognitive impairment in birds,the underlying neurob...The rapid expansion of urbanization has led to widespread exposure of wild birds to intensive light at night(LAN).While previous studies have established LAN-induced cognitive impairment in birds,the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood.We hypothesized that LAN exposure impaired cognitive function of birds potentially through neurodegeneration,metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory responses in the telencephalon.Using Zebra Finches(Taeniopygia guttata)as an avian model,under 16L:8D photoperiods,we compared associative learning and memory abilities and neurobiological parameters between experimental groups exposed to dim light at night(LAN)versus nocturnal darkness(CTR).Compared to the CTR birds,the LAN-exposed birds exhibited significantly lower learning and memory performances,reduced neuron density and simplified dendritic morphology in the telencephalons.The key energy metabolic substrates(cholic acid,CTP,D-mannose-6-phosphate)and neuroprotective agents(trehalose,menaquinone,L-gulono-1,4-lactone)in the telencephalons of LAN-exposed birds showed depletion,while oxidative stress markers(methionine sulfoxide)and inflammatory mediators(cis-gondoic acid)exhibited elevation.The neurotransmitter dopamine and histamine metabolic pathway were disrupted in the LAN-exposed birds.The microglias were activated with pro-inflammatory IL-1βand IL-6 levels increasing and anti-inflammatory IL-10 decreasing in the telencephalons of the LAN-exposed birds.These findings indicate a potential mechanistic pathway whereby dim light exposure at night can induce neuroinflammation through oxidative stress-mediated microglial activation,energy metabolism and neurotransmitter homeostasis disruption,ultimately leading to neurodegeneration in the telencephalons of birds.展开更多
Currently,most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night,fromsunset to sunrise,which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs.Furthermore,scientific res...Currently,most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night,fromsunset to sunrise,which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs.Furthermore,scientific research predicts that energy consumption for street lighting will increase in the coming years due to growing demand and rising electricity prices.The dimming strategy is a current trend and a key concept in smart street lighting systems.It involves turning on the road lights only when a vehicle or pedestrian is detected;otherwise,the control system reduces the light intensity of the lamps.Power control is generally implemented using artificial intelligence algorithms such as fuzzy logic,artificial neural networks,or swarm intelligence to manage different events.In our project,the dimming strategy was utilized to reduce costs and energy consumption by at least 48%.This research proposes a standalone photovoltaic plant(SPP)to power a smart street lighting system,which can replace individual solar street lights in a small neighborhood in southwestern Algeria.This design offers advantages such as lower costs and the option to add additional loads a DC pump,a domestic power supply,or technical services to operate the photovoltaic system during the day after charging the storage batteries,especially when there is monthly energy surplus.The energy surplus analyzed in our project ranges from 804 W in January to 4 kW in June,generated by the entire PV installation.To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this system,we studied the implementation of the standalone photovoltaic plant,energymanagement,and economic analysis using the Particle SwarmOptimization technique under MATLAB software.展开更多
Due to the wide and adjustable emission range,Ce^(3+)is an indispensable luminous center for full spectrum lighting.However,it needs to be sintered at high temperature in a reducing atmosphere,resulting in difficulty ...Due to the wide and adjustable emission range,Ce^(3+)is an indispensable luminous center for full spectrum lighting.However,it needs to be sintered at high temperature in a reducing atmosphere,resulting in difficulty to coexisting with other multivalent activated ions(such as Eu^(3+),Tm^(3+)),which greatly hinders the formation of full spectrum.In this study,a calcium vacancy enhanced self-reduction of Ce^(4+)is realized in CaNaSb_(2)O_(6)F(CNSOF)host under air atmosphere sintering,through which Ce^(3+),Tm^(3+)and Eu^(3+)coexisting in a single-phase full spectrum phosphor was prepared.Notably,the artificial introduction of a calcium vacancy was designed to verify this self-reduction mechanism.Moreover,the energy transfer kinetics among Tm^(3+),Ce^(3+)and Eu^(3+)were explored.Finally,combined with a 340 nm UV chip,a full spectrum phosphor-converted light-emitting diode(pc-LED)was fabricated,showing a broad emission range from 400 to 750 nm,Commission Internationale de I'Edairage(CIE)of(0.3485,0.3673),Ra of 92 and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 4933 K.Utilizing the variation in emission colors of this phosphor under different UV wavelengths,a dual encryption method combining point character code and fluorescent encryption technique is proposed.This work provides an effective path for Ce^(4+)self-reduction to apply in full spectrum pc-LED and information encryption.展开更多
In recent years,the development of solid-state lighting devices has increasingly shifted towards high-power laser illumination,making it imperative to develop fluorescent conversion materials with exceptional thermal ...In recent years,the development of solid-state lighting devices has increasingly shifted towards high-power laser illumination,making it imperative to develop fluorescent conversion materials with exceptional thermal stability and luminous quality.In this study,we introduced a highly reflective TiO_(2) substrate in combination with a high thermal conductivity AlN substrate to design a Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO_(2)-AlN Film(Ce:YAG PTAF)color converter with outstanding photothermal performance.Remarkably,the thermal conductivity of this material reaches 48.28 W m^(-1) K^(-1).Notably,the optimized PTAF can withstand a high-power output of up to 12.14 W in a static environment,with a maximum luminous flux(LFmax)of 2284.6 lm and maximum luminous efficacy(LEmax)of 222.35 lm W^(-1),showcasing its excellent optical properties.Furthermore,the fabricated Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO_(2)-AlN-Wheel(Ce:YAG PTAW),equipped with a motor operating at 7200 r/min,emits an extraordinary brightness of 4404 lm under 88 W of ultra-high laser irradiation,with stability surpassing that of commercial silicone color wheels,thanks to its superior Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(LAS)glass system.Interestingly,we designed an innovative spatially separated two-color segmented wheel structure,effectively mitigating the photon reabsorption phenomenon caused by the overlap of the fluorescent powder absorption peaks.When the ratio of Ce:YAG to Ce:GdYAG is 240:120,it yields white light with a color rendering index(CRI)of 80.2,and luminous flux remaining at 3317.8 lm.When encapsulated in a reflective module,it accurately reflects the true color states of objects.These results collectively indicate that both Ce:YAG PTAF and PTAW possess significant application potential in the realm of high-power laser illumination.展开更多
China’s economy has developed rapidly since its reform and opening-up.However,the different rates of development in various places due to location and policies have led to significant economic differences.Based on th...China’s economy has developed rapidly since its reform and opening-up.However,the different rates of development in various places due to location and policies have led to significant economic differences.Based on the nighttime lighting data of 281 municipal spatial units in China from 2013 to 2021,this study uses spatial autocorrelation,center of gravity shift,and standard deviation ellipse(SDE)analysis to examine the evolution of the spatial pattern of China’s municipal economy.Based on these,it uses a geographically weighted regression(GWR)model to explore the factors influencing the differences in China’s municipal economy and its spatial heterogeneity.The paper reveals the following results.First,China’s municipal economy as a whole shows a growing trend.Second,the SDE shows a“north-south”distribution pattern,and the concentration of China’s economic development has slightly increased,with a significant centripetal distribution.Third,spatial correlation shows spatial positive correlation,the degree of which is increasing,with strong spatial heterogeneity and regional agglomeration.Finally,measuring the influencing factors according to GWR,the industrial structure and education expenditure coefficients generally show a decreasing trend from the southeast coast to the northwest and inland due to the degree of transformation of industrial structure and the lagging effect of education expenditure on economic growth.Conversely,the innovation driver and urban area coefficients show a decreasing trend from the northwest inland to the southeast coast due to the law of diminishing marginal utility of innovation drivers and differences in urbanization development.Government expenditure coefficients show a higher trend in the East and a lower trend in the West due to policy favoritism and market development level.This research can serve as a theoretical reference for China to achieve high-quality development and move toward common prosperity.展开更多
All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been ...All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been inevitable roadblocks.Herein,the bicolor PiGF containing green-emitting Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+(YAGG) and red-emitting CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)(CASN) phosphors bonded on Al2O3substrate was prepared for enabling high color quality laser-driven white lighting in reflective configuration.The bicolor PiGF has high quantum efficiency and good structure stability.By optimizing the CASN content,PiGF thickness and Al_(2)O_(3) content,the reflective bicolor PiGF based white laser diode(LD)displays good luminescence performance with a luminous flux of 451.5 lm and a luminous efficacy of142.3 lm/W and high color quality with a color rendering index(CRI) of 85.3 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5177 K under the incident laser power of 3.15 W,and still has excellent luminescence and color stabilities(CRI and CCT) under the continuous laser excitation of 5.61 W,attributed to the good thermal conductivity and high reflectivity of Al_(2)O_(3) substrate and scattering enhancement effect of Al_(2)O_(3) particles.It can be foreseen that the reflective bicolor PiGF converter provides a promising strategy for enabling high quality laser-driven white lighting.展开更多
As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical ...As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.展开更多
Although multicrystalline Si photovoltaics have been extensively studied and applied in the collection of solar energy,the same systems suffer significant efficiency losses in indoor settings,where ambient light condi...Although multicrystalline Si photovoltaics have been extensively studied and applied in the collection of solar energy,the same systems suffer significant efficiency losses in indoor settings,where ambient light conditions are considerably smaller in intensity and possess greater components of non-normal incidence.Yet,indoor light-driven,stand-alone devices can offer sustainable advances in next-generation technologies such as the Internet of Things.Here,we present a non-invasive solution to aid in photovoltaic indoor light collection—radially distributed waveguide-encoded lattice(RDWEL)slim films(thickness 1.5 mm).Embedded with a monotonical radial array of cylindrical waveguides(±20°),the RDWEL demonstrates seamless light collection(FoV(fields of view)=74.5°)and imparts enhancements in JSC(short circuit current density)of 44%and 14%for indoor and outdoor lighting conditions,respectively,when coupled to a photovoltaic device and compared to an unstructured but otherwise identical slim film coating.展开更多
Solid-state lighting is now developing toward high-power and super-brightness,but is largely limited by the lack of highly robust and efficient color conversion materials that can be survived from high-power or high-p...Solid-state lighting is now developing toward high-power and super-brightness,but is largely limited by the lack of highly robust and efficient color conversion materials that can be survived from high-power or high-power density excitation,typically the red-emitting ones.In this work,we fabricated highly effi-cient and pore-free Sr_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)AlSiN_(3)∶Eu^(2+)(SCASN)red-emitting ceramics by spark plasma sintering of fine phosphor powders.These fine phosphor powders were prepared by treating the commercial phosphors with high-energy ball-milling,centrifugation and acid washing,leading to a particle size of 2.55μm and an internal quantum efficiency as high as 74.0%under 450 nm excitation.The phosphor powders can be densified into SCASN ceramics without using sintering additives at a temperature as low as 1475℃,and the ceramics show an internal quantum efficiency of 75.3%,which is 50%higher than those ceram-ics fabricated with untreated commercial powders.When excited by a high-power blue LED at a current density of 4 A/mm^(2),the SCASN ceramics have a maximum luminous flux of 660 lm(i.e.,26 Mcd/m^(2)).The phosphor ceramics can also withstand a high laser power density of 15.7 W/mm^(2),and exhibit an output luminance of 188 Mcd/m^(2).This work provides a general method to prepare fine phosphor powders that enable to fabricate high efficiency phosphor ceramics used in high-power solid-state lighting.展开更多
The Martian core mainly contains iron,nickel and some light elements.However,controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data.Recently,t...The Martian core mainly contains iron,nickel and some light elements.However,controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data.Recently,the InSight lander collected long-term marsquake data,which improved the Martian interior structure model.B ased on the preliminary analysis of marsquake data,Mars has a molten liquid core with a radius of around 1700 km.As the Martian core has a smaller density and lower temperature than pure iron at corresponding pressure and temperature conditions,some light elements are introduced to reduce the density and liquidus temperature.With various methods for seismic analysis,in-situ high-pressure and high-temperature experiments,and first-principal calculations,the Martian core composition and evolution models have been updated in the past few years.Here,we review those studies on the light elements in the Martian core from four aspects including(1)high-temperature and high-pressure experiments,(2)marsquake data,(3)mineral physics model with molecular dynamics simulations and(4)cosmochemistry investigation.We discussed the effect of different light elements on the Martian core s density,sound velocity and liquidus temperature.Moreover,the review examines the varieties,abundances and forms of light elements in the Martian core.展开更多
Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic struct...Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic structure light pressure electric generator(Basic-LPEG),which utilized a layered configuration of Ag/Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)(PZT)/Pt/GaAs to generate electricity based on light-induced pressure on the PZT.In this study,we sought to enhance the performance of this Basic-LPEG by introducing Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide(AgNPs/GO)composite units(NP-LPEG),creating upgraded harvesting device.Specifically,by depositing the AgNPs/GO units twice onto the Basic-LPEG,we observed an increase in output voltage and current from 241 mV and 3.1μA to 310 mV and 9.3μA,respectively,under a solar simulator.The increase in electrical output directly correlated with the intensity of the light pressure impacting the PZT,as well as matched the Raman measurements,finite-difference time-domain simulations,and COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation.Experimental data revealed that the enhancement in electrical output was proportional to the number of hot spots generated between Ag nanoparticles,where the electric field experienced substantial amplification.These results underline the effectiveness of AgNPs/GO units in boosting the light-induced electric generation capacity,thereby providing a promising pathway for high-efficiency energy harvesting devices.展开更多
Tunable plasmonic structures provide the possibility to actively modify the radiation from atoms through electromagnetic coupling.In this paper,we investigate the decay and radiation behavior of an atom near a dielect...Tunable plasmonic structures provide the possibility to actively modify the radiation from atoms through electromagnetic coupling.In this paper,we investigate the decay and radiation behavior of an atom near a dielectric nanosphere with conductive surface within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics.The electromagnetic fields including the losses in the materials can be taken as fundamental excitations which interact with the atom through a transition dipole.Both weak and strong coupling regimes have been investigated.The decay rate and the angle-dependent light intensities indeed strongly depend on the parameters of the system,i.e.,the position and orientation of the dipole,the geometric size,and the surface conductivity,providing the opportunity of artificial control over these quantities.Generalizing the formalism in this paper to other systems,like metamaterials,is straightforward,which we believe may pave a way for future active quantum nanophotonic devices.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ...AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.展开更多
The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-inf...The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared(NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study,which enabling target protein labeling,enrichment and visualization.Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms,showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems.Under NIR light irradiation,azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet(UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance.We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments,achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria.Furthermore,in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform.This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.展开更多
文摘Doping is essential for modulating semiconductor conductivity,forming p-n junctions,and reducing contact resistance[1].Notably,as organic semiconductors(OSCs)advance toward high performance,flexibility,and miniaturization,achieving precise regionally selective doping becomes critical for building complex,highly integrated devices[2].In inorganic semiconductors(e.g.,silicon),sub-100-nanometer regional doping is achievable through photolithography and ion implantation—techniques foundational to modern complementary metaloxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology[3].
基金2024 Science and Technology Commissioner Service Group's Emergency Science and Technology Research Project for Wind Disaster Relief in Hainan Province(ZDYF2024YJGG002-8)China Huaneng Group Co.,Ltd.Headquarters Technology Project,Optimization of Photovoltaic Vegetable Greenhouse Structure and Research on Planting Agronomy in Tropical Regions(HNKJ22-HF77)。
文摘In the tropical regions represented by Hainan,there are abundant solar and thermal resources,and it is relatively suitable for the construction of photovoltaic greenhouse(PVG).However,the construction of PVG still relies mainly on experience and is incapable of quantifying the balance between the photovoltaic(PV)generation and the light requirements for agricultural production.As a result,actual PVGs are primarily PV-based,without carefully considering the needs of agricultural daylighting.To quantify the influence of the design parameters of PVGs and the layout of PV panels on the internal daylighting of serrated PVGs,and to optimize the daylighting design of the roof,this paper utilizes the Design Builder software to establish gradient models for a multi-span serrated-type PVG in tropical regions.Gradient models were established in terms of aspects,namely span,width of longitudinal/transverse daylighting strip,height,roof angle,and photovoltaic panel coverage rate(PCR).Daylighting in the greenhouse of each gradient model was simulated,and with the annual average daily light integral(A_(DLI))and distribution uniformity(DU)as evaluation indicators,the influence of various design parameters on the daylighting inside the greenhouse was quantified.The result reveals that:(1)PCR is the decisive indicator for daylighting in the PVG,and a function between PCR and the A_(DLI) is derived as A_(DLI)=-15.5 PCR+16.841;(2)Increasing the width of longitudinal daylighting strip significantly improves the A_(DLI) and enhances DU while increasing the span has a noticeable effect on improving A_(DLI) but does not significantly enhance DU;(3)Increasing the eave height without changing PCR does not enhance A_(DLI) but effectively improves DU;increasing the transverse daylighting strip and adjusting the roof angle hardly improves A_(DLI).In summary,it is recommended that the optimal span for PVGs in tropical regions be set within the range of 6.5-8.0m,and the eave height be set within the range of 2.5-3.5m.Preferably,the longitudinal daylighting strip with a width ranging from 0.5-0.8m should be installed.Based on the above relationship function,the PCR can be calculated according to the appropriate light demand for the cultivated crops.The daylighting design theory proposed in this paper can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the healthy development of the PV industry in tropical regions.
基金funded by the Doctor Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology,grant number:24zx7116.
文摘Supplemental lighting has emerged as a widely adopted technique in greenhouse cultivation to enhance product visibility andimprove theflavor characteristics ofChinese bayberry(Myrica rubra)in the internationalmarket.While studies on lighting have predominantly focused on colorimetry,limited research has addressed the precise control of chromatic parameters and their effect on fruit quality.This study examined the effects of varying lighting conditions,specifically correlated color temperatures and illuminance,on the growth and quality of Chinese bayberry varieties“Black Charcoal”and“Dongkui”using a precision control system.The bayberry plants were exposed to a constant illuminance of 155μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) with chromatic levels ranging from 2250 to 6000 K.Black Charcoal demonstrated substantial improvements under different chromatic parameters,with fruit weight and size increasing by 40%and 14%,respectively.Furthermore,soluble solids content increased by 4% and vitamin C content rose by 142%,while organic acid content decreased by 30%.Dongkui,however,showed more modest responses under identical conditions,with fruit weight increasing by 2% and fruit size decreasing by 1%.Soluble solids and vitamin C contents showed minimal increases of 2% and 2.5%,respectively,while organic acid content decreased by 8%.The findings demonstrate that supplemental LED lighting significantly enhances both yield and quality parameters in Black Charcoal compared with Dongkui.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing Chinese bayberry cultivation,and the precise control methodology developed can be used to improve supplemental lighting strategies in other fruit and plant species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science(No.U19A2063)the Jilin Provincial Development Program of Science and Technology (No.20230201080GX)the Jilin Province Education Department Scientific Research Project (No.JJKH20230851KJ)。
文摘The visual noise of each light intensity area is different when the image is drawn by Monte Carlo method.However,the existing denoising algorithms have limited denoising performance under complex lighting conditions and are easy to lose detailed information.So we propose a rendered image denoising method with filtering guided by lighting information.First,we design an image segmentation algorithm based on lighting information to segment the image into different illumination areas.Then,we establish the parameter prediction model guided by lighting information for filtering(PGLF)to predict the filtering parameters of different illumination areas.For different illumination areas,we use these filtering parameters to construct area filters,and the filters are guided by the lighting information to perform sub-area filtering.Finally,the filtering results are fused with auxiliary features to output denoised images for improving the overall denoising effect of the image.Under the physically based rendering tool(PBRT)scene and Tungsten dataset,the experimental results show that compared with other guided filtering denoising methods,our method improves the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)metrics by 4.2164 dB on average and the structural similarity index(SSIM)metrics by 7.8%on average.This shows that our method can better reduce the noise in complex lighting scenesand improvethe imagequality.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.42101124,W2412136)International ResearchCenter of BigData for SustainableDevelopmentGoals(grant no.CBAS2022GSP02)Nanjing University Integrated Research Platform of the Ministry of Education—Top Talents Program.
文摘Green space plays an important role in the sustainable urban development.This study proposes the Green Lighting Index(GLI),integrating nighttime light data from SDGSAT-1 and theNormalized DifferenceVegetation Index(NDVI)from Sentinel-2,to explore the nighttime human activity in green spaces across three major urban agglomerations in China:Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),and the Greater Bay Area(GBA).The findings reveal that,for most green spaces,the relationship between nighttime lighting and green spaces is predominantly exclusionary.However,a synergistic relationship is observed in some vibrant green spaces characterized by abundant nighttime lighting.This synergy is evident in high GLI levels,which are strongly positively correlated with per capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP).This research underscores the importance of integrating nighttime perspectives into green space studies.We believe GLI could be used in the assessment of green space quality and contribute to the development of sustainable cities.
基金supported by grants from Key laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Area,National Ethnic Affairs Commission(KLEEMA202207)。
文摘The rapid expansion of urbanization has led to widespread exposure of wild birds to intensive light at night(LAN).While previous studies have established LAN-induced cognitive impairment in birds,the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood.We hypothesized that LAN exposure impaired cognitive function of birds potentially through neurodegeneration,metabolic dysregulation and neuroinflammatory responses in the telencephalon.Using Zebra Finches(Taeniopygia guttata)as an avian model,under 16L:8D photoperiods,we compared associative learning and memory abilities and neurobiological parameters between experimental groups exposed to dim light at night(LAN)versus nocturnal darkness(CTR).Compared to the CTR birds,the LAN-exposed birds exhibited significantly lower learning and memory performances,reduced neuron density and simplified dendritic morphology in the telencephalons.The key energy metabolic substrates(cholic acid,CTP,D-mannose-6-phosphate)and neuroprotective agents(trehalose,menaquinone,L-gulono-1,4-lactone)in the telencephalons of LAN-exposed birds showed depletion,while oxidative stress markers(methionine sulfoxide)and inflammatory mediators(cis-gondoic acid)exhibited elevation.The neurotransmitter dopamine and histamine metabolic pathway were disrupted in the LAN-exposed birds.The microglias were activated with pro-inflammatory IL-1βand IL-6 levels increasing and anti-inflammatory IL-10 decreasing in the telencephalons of the LAN-exposed birds.These findings indicate a potential mechanistic pathway whereby dim light exposure at night can induce neuroinflammation through oxidative stress-mediated microglial activation,energy metabolism and neurotransmitter homeostasis disruption,ultimately leading to neurodegeneration in the telencephalons of birds.
文摘Currently,most conventional street lighting systems use a constant light mode throughout the entire night,fromsunset to sunrise,which results in high energy consumption and maintenance costs.Furthermore,scientific research predicts that energy consumption for street lighting will increase in the coming years due to growing demand and rising electricity prices.The dimming strategy is a current trend and a key concept in smart street lighting systems.It involves turning on the road lights only when a vehicle or pedestrian is detected;otherwise,the control system reduces the light intensity of the lamps.Power control is generally implemented using artificial intelligence algorithms such as fuzzy logic,artificial neural networks,or swarm intelligence to manage different events.In our project,the dimming strategy was utilized to reduce costs and energy consumption by at least 48%.This research proposes a standalone photovoltaic plant(SPP)to power a smart street lighting system,which can replace individual solar street lights in a small neighborhood in southwestern Algeria.This design offers advantages such as lower costs and the option to add additional loads a DC pump,a domestic power supply,or technical services to operate the photovoltaic system during the day after charging the storage batteries,especially when there is monthly energy surplus.The energy surplus analyzed in our project ranges from 804 W in January to 4 kW in June,generated by the entire PV installation.To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this system,we studied the implementation of the standalone photovoltaic plant,energymanagement,and economic analysis using the Particle SwarmOptimization technique under MATLAB software.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075203,12304460)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23A040007)Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province(LDT23F05013F05)。
文摘Due to the wide and adjustable emission range,Ce^(3+)is an indispensable luminous center for full spectrum lighting.However,it needs to be sintered at high temperature in a reducing atmosphere,resulting in difficulty to coexisting with other multivalent activated ions(such as Eu^(3+),Tm^(3+)),which greatly hinders the formation of full spectrum.In this study,a calcium vacancy enhanced self-reduction of Ce^(4+)is realized in CaNaSb_(2)O_(6)F(CNSOF)host under air atmosphere sintering,through which Ce^(3+),Tm^(3+)and Eu^(3+)coexisting in a single-phase full spectrum phosphor was prepared.Notably,the artificial introduction of a calcium vacancy was designed to verify this self-reduction mechanism.Moreover,the energy transfer kinetics among Tm^(3+),Ce^(3+)and Eu^(3+)were explored.Finally,combined with a 340 nm UV chip,a full spectrum phosphor-converted light-emitting diode(pc-LED)was fabricated,showing a broad emission range from 400 to 750 nm,Commission Internationale de I'Edairage(CIE)of(0.3485,0.3673),Ra of 92 and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 4933 K.Utilizing the variation in emission colors of this phosphor under different UV wavelengths,a dual encryption method combining point character code and fluorescent encryption technique is proposed.This work provides an effective path for Ce^(4+)self-reduction to apply in full spectrum pc-LED and information encryption.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.1237040868).
文摘In recent years,the development of solid-state lighting devices has increasingly shifted towards high-power laser illumination,making it imperative to develop fluorescent conversion materials with exceptional thermal stability and luminous quality.In this study,we introduced a highly reflective TiO_(2) substrate in combination with a high thermal conductivity AlN substrate to design a Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO_(2)-AlN Film(Ce:YAG PTAF)color converter with outstanding photothermal performance.Remarkably,the thermal conductivity of this material reaches 48.28 W m^(-1) K^(-1).Notably,the optimized PTAF can withstand a high-power output of up to 12.14 W in a static environment,with a maximum luminous flux(LFmax)of 2284.6 lm and maximum luminous efficacy(LEmax)of 222.35 lm W^(-1),showcasing its excellent optical properties.Furthermore,the fabricated Ce:YAG-PiG-TiO_(2)-AlN-Wheel(Ce:YAG PTAW),equipped with a motor operating at 7200 r/min,emits an extraordinary brightness of 4404 lm under 88 W of ultra-high laser irradiation,with stability surpassing that of commercial silicone color wheels,thanks to its superior Li_(2)O-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)(LAS)glass system.Interestingly,we designed an innovative spatially separated two-color segmented wheel structure,effectively mitigating the photon reabsorption phenomenon caused by the overlap of the fluorescent powder absorption peaks.When the ratio of Ce:YAG to Ce:GdYAG is 240:120,it yields white light with a color rendering index(CRI)of 80.2,and luminous flux remaining at 3317.8 lm.When encapsulated in a reflective module,it accurately reflects the true color states of objects.These results collectively indicate that both Ce:YAG PTAF and PTAW possess significant application potential in the realm of high-power laser illumination.
基金funded by the Project of Philosophy and Social Science Key Research Base−Industrial Transformation and Innovation Research Center of Zigong Municipal Federation of Social Sciences[Grant No.CZ23B02].
文摘China’s economy has developed rapidly since its reform and opening-up.However,the different rates of development in various places due to location and policies have led to significant economic differences.Based on the nighttime lighting data of 281 municipal spatial units in China from 2013 to 2021,this study uses spatial autocorrelation,center of gravity shift,and standard deviation ellipse(SDE)analysis to examine the evolution of the spatial pattern of China’s municipal economy.Based on these,it uses a geographically weighted regression(GWR)model to explore the factors influencing the differences in China’s municipal economy and its spatial heterogeneity.The paper reveals the following results.First,China’s municipal economy as a whole shows a growing trend.Second,the SDE shows a“north-south”distribution pattern,and the concentration of China’s economic development has slightly increased,with a significant centripetal distribution.Third,spatial correlation shows spatial positive correlation,the degree of which is increasing,with strong spatial heterogeneity and regional agglomeration.Finally,measuring the influencing factors according to GWR,the industrial structure and education expenditure coefficients generally show a decreasing trend from the southeast coast to the northwest and inland due to the degree of transformation of industrial structure and the lagging effect of education expenditure on economic growth.Conversely,the innovation driver and urban area coefficients show a decreasing trend from the northwest inland to the southeast coast due to the law of diminishing marginal utility of innovation drivers and differences in urbanization development.Government expenditure coefficients show a higher trend in the East and a lower trend in the West due to policy favoritism and market development level.This research can serve as a theoretical reference for China to achieve high-quality development and move toward common prosperity.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City (JSGG20210802154213040)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515010001)the Shenzhen Postdoctoral Research Funding Project。
文摘All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been inevitable roadblocks.Herein,the bicolor PiGF containing green-emitting Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+(YAGG) and red-emitting CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)(CASN) phosphors bonded on Al2O3substrate was prepared for enabling high color quality laser-driven white lighting in reflective configuration.The bicolor PiGF has high quantum efficiency and good structure stability.By optimizing the CASN content,PiGF thickness and Al_(2)O_(3) content,the reflective bicolor PiGF based white laser diode(LD)displays good luminescence performance with a luminous flux of 451.5 lm and a luminous efficacy of142.3 lm/W and high color quality with a color rendering index(CRI) of 85.3 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5177 K under the incident laser power of 3.15 W,and still has excellent luminescence and color stabilities(CRI and CCT) under the continuous laser excitation of 5.61 W,attributed to the good thermal conductivity and high reflectivity of Al_(2)O_(3) substrate and scattering enhancement effect of Al_(2)O_(3) particles.It can be foreseen that the reflective bicolor PiGF converter provides a promising strategy for enabling high quality laser-driven white lighting.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001700)the Unveiling and Leading Projects(2022kj05)+1 种基金Yafu Technology Innovation Team of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2024kj02)the Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNDC20250149).
文摘As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.
基金supported by the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(Grant Agreement No.818762)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(Grant No.EP/V048953/1)and the Isaac Newton Trust(grant 22.39(m))。
文摘Although multicrystalline Si photovoltaics have been extensively studied and applied in the collection of solar energy,the same systems suffer significant efficiency losses in indoor settings,where ambient light conditions are considerably smaller in intensity and possess greater components of non-normal incidence.Yet,indoor light-driven,stand-alone devices can offer sustainable advances in next-generation technologies such as the Internet of Things.Here,we present a non-invasive solution to aid in photovoltaic indoor light collection—radially distributed waveguide-encoded lattice(RDWEL)slim films(thickness 1.5 mm).Embedded with a monotonical radial array of cylindrical waveguides(±20°),the RDWEL demonstrates seamless light collection(FoV(fields of view)=74.5°)and imparts enhancements in JSC(short circuit current density)of 44%and 14%for indoor and outdoor lighting conditions,respectively,when coupled to a photovoltaic device and compared to an unstructured but otherwise identical slim film coating.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(MOST,No.2022YFE0108800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272165,U2005213 and 52172157)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau(No.3502Z20231018).
文摘Solid-state lighting is now developing toward high-power and super-brightness,but is largely limited by the lack of highly robust and efficient color conversion materials that can be survived from high-power or high-power density excitation,typically the red-emitting ones.In this work,we fabricated highly effi-cient and pore-free Sr_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)AlSiN_(3)∶Eu^(2+)(SCASN)red-emitting ceramics by spark plasma sintering of fine phosphor powders.These fine phosphor powders were prepared by treating the commercial phosphors with high-energy ball-milling,centrifugation and acid washing,leading to a particle size of 2.55μm and an internal quantum efficiency as high as 74.0%under 450 nm excitation.The phosphor powders can be densified into SCASN ceramics without using sintering additives at a temperature as low as 1475℃,and the ceramics show an internal quantum efficiency of 75.3%,which is 50%higher than those ceram-ics fabricated with untreated commercial powders.When excited by a high-power blue LED at a current density of 4 A/mm^(2),the SCASN ceramics have a maximum luminous flux of 660 lm(i.e.,26 Mcd/m^(2)).The phosphor ceramics can also withstand a high laser power density of 15.7 W/mm^(2),and exhibit an output luminance of 188 Mcd/m^(2).This work provides a general method to prepare fine phosphor powders that enable to fabricate high efficiency phosphor ceramics used in high-power solid-state lighting.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.42120104005)Guizhou Provincial 2021 Science and Technology Subsidies(grant no.GZ2021SIG)+1 种基金Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(grant nos.ZK[2024]087GCC[2023]060)。
文摘The Martian core mainly contains iron,nickel and some light elements.However,controversies remain about the structure and chemical composition of the Martian core due to a lack of samples and marsquake data.Recently,the InSight lander collected long-term marsquake data,which improved the Martian interior structure model.B ased on the preliminary analysis of marsquake data,Mars has a molten liquid core with a radius of around 1700 km.As the Martian core has a smaller density and lower temperature than pure iron at corresponding pressure and temperature conditions,some light elements are introduced to reduce the density and liquidus temperature.With various methods for seismic analysis,in-situ high-pressure and high-temperature experiments,and first-principal calculations,the Martian core composition and evolution models have been updated in the past few years.Here,we review those studies on the light elements in the Martian core from four aspects including(1)high-temperature and high-pressure experiments,(2)marsquake data,(3)mineral physics model with molecular dynamics simulations and(4)cosmochemistry investigation.We discussed the effect of different light elements on the Martian core s density,sound velocity and liquidus temperature.Moreover,the review examines the varieties,abundances and forms of light elements in the Martian core.
基金supported by Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(RS-2022-00154720,Technology Innovation Program Development of next-generation power semiconductor based on Si-on-SiC structure)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)by the Korea government(RS-2023-NR076826)Global-Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master's·PhD students,and Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)by the Ministry of Education(No.RS-2024-00443714).
文摘Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic structure light pressure electric generator(Basic-LPEG),which utilized a layered configuration of Ag/Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)(PZT)/Pt/GaAs to generate electricity based on light-induced pressure on the PZT.In this study,we sought to enhance the performance of this Basic-LPEG by introducing Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide(AgNPs/GO)composite units(NP-LPEG),creating upgraded harvesting device.Specifically,by depositing the AgNPs/GO units twice onto the Basic-LPEG,we observed an increase in output voltage and current from 241 mV and 3.1μA to 310 mV and 9.3μA,respectively,under a solar simulator.The increase in electrical output directly correlated with the intensity of the light pressure impacting the PZT,as well as matched the Raman measurements,finite-difference time-domain simulations,and COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation.Experimental data revealed that the enhancement in electrical output was proportional to the number of hot spots generated between Ag nanoparticles,where the electric field experienced substantial amplification.These results underline the effectiveness of AgNPs/GO units in boosting the light-induced electric generation capacity,thereby providing a promising pathway for high-efficiency energy harvesting devices.
基金supported by Hangzhou Dianzi University(Grant No.KYS075621018)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY24A050004)。
文摘Tunable plasmonic structures provide the possibility to actively modify the radiation from atoms through electromagnetic coupling.In this paper,we investigate the decay and radiation behavior of an atom near a dielectric nanosphere with conductive surface within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics.The electromagnetic fields including the losses in the materials can be taken as fundamental excitations which interact with the atom through a transition dipole.Both weak and strong coupling regimes have been investigated.The decay rate and the angle-dependent light intensities indeed strongly depend on the parameters of the system,i.e.,the position and orientation of the dipole,the geometric size,and the surface conductivity,providing the opportunity of artificial control over these quantities.Generalizing the formalism in this paper to other systems,like metamaterials,is straightforward,which we believe may pave a way for future active quantum nanophotonic devices.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22007008)the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC1907021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.DUT23YG120,DUT19RC(3)009)。
文摘The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared(NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study,which enabling target protein labeling,enrichment and visualization.Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms,showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems.Under NIR light irradiation,azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet(UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance.We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments,achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria.Furthermore,in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform.This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.
