In repeated zero-sum games,instead of constantly playing an equilibrium strategy of the stage game,learning to exploit the opponent given historical interactions could typically obtain a higher utility.However,when pl...In repeated zero-sum games,instead of constantly playing an equilibrium strategy of the stage game,learning to exploit the opponent given historical interactions could typically obtain a higher utility.However,when playing against a fully adaptive opponent,one would have dificulty identifying the opponent's adaptive dynamics and further exploiting its potential weakness.In this paper,we study the problem of optimizing against the adaptive opponent who uses no-regret learning.No-regret learning is a classic and widely-used branch of adaptive learning algorithms.We propose a general framework for online modeling no-regret opponents and exploiting their weakness.With this framework,one could approximate the opponent's no-regret learning dynamics and then develop a response plan to obtain a significant profit based on the inferences of the opponent's strategies.We employ two system identification architectures,including the recurrent neural network(RNN)and the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model,and adopt an efficient greedy response plan within the framework.Theoretically,we prove the approximation capability of our RNN architecture at approximating specific no-regret dynamics.Empirically,we demonstrate that during interactions at a low level of non-stationarity,our architectures could approximate the dynamics with a low error,and the derived policies could exploit the no-regret opponent to obtain a decent utility.展开更多
In the current data-intensive era, the traditional hands-on method of conducting scientific research by exploring related publications to generate a testable hypothesis is well on its way of becoming obsolete within j...In the current data-intensive era, the traditional hands-on method of conducting scientific research by exploring related publications to generate a testable hypothesis is well on its way of becoming obsolete within just a year or two. Analyzing the literature and data to automatically generate a hypothesis might become the de facto approach to inform the core research efforts of those trying to master the exponentially rapid expansion of publications and datasets. Here, viewpoints are provided and discussed to help the understanding of challenges of data-driven discovery.展开更多
Division arithmetic and generalized exploiting modification direction （DA-GEMD） method has perfect efficiency in data-hiding. However, there exist some weaknesses in DA-GEMD. Because the benchmarks are their median ...Division arithmetic and generalized exploiting modification direction （DA-GEMD） method has perfect efficiency in data-hiding. However, there exist some weaknesses in DA-GEMD. Because the benchmarks are their median of nine pixels in each block of cover-image, it will give a hint for the attacker to hack the stego-image. In the paper, we utilize the Sudoku table to randomize the benchmark for each 3×3 block of cover-image. It will mix up the pixels in each image block and prevent the secret information from being extracted. The proposed method still keeps the original efficiency as DA-GEMD while promoting the security for data-hiding.展开更多
Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting appr...Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting approaches mainly include fresh vegetable, pickle, bio-salt, health-care products, animal feed, vegetable oil, bio-diesel and skin-care products.展开更多
With the increase of the clock frequency and silicon integration, power aware computing has become a critical concern in the design of the embedded processor and system-on-chip （SoC）. Dynamic voltage scaling （DVS）...With the increase of the clock frequency and silicon integration, power aware computing has become a critical concern in the design of the embedded processor and system-on-chip （SoC）. Dynamic voltage scaling （DVS） is an effective method for low-power designs. However, traditional DVS methods have two deficiencies. First, they have a conservative safety margin which is not necessary for most of the time. Second, they are exclusively concerned with the critical stage and ignore the significant potential free slack time of the noncritical stage. These factors lead to a large amount of power waste. In this paper, a novel pipeline structure with ultra-low power consumption is proposed. It cuts off the safety margin and takes use of the noncritical stages at the same time. A prototype pipeline is designed in 0.13 μm technology and analyzed. The result shows that a large amount of energy can be saved by using this structure. Compared with the fixed voltage case, 50% of the energy can be saved, and with respect to the traditional adaptive voltage scaling design, 37.8% of the energy can be saved.展开更多
The Yinan County Animal Husbandry Exploiting Corporation in Shandong Province is an enterprise established with a World Bank loan and domestic supplementary funds. With a total investment of RMB32.63 million, the comp...The Yinan County Animal Husbandry Exploiting Corporation in Shandong Province is an enterprise established with a World Bank loan and domestic supplementary funds. With a total investment of RMB32.63 million, the company includes a breeder展开更多
There are abundant water power resources in the Yalong River which are suitable for the large hydroelectric engineering. But a reliability study should be made for the valley which liable to frequent earthquakes. The ...There are abundant water power resources in the Yalong River which are suitable for the large hydroelectric engineering. But a reliability study should be made for the valley which liable to frequent earthquakes. The color infrared aerophotos, multi-spectral photography and thermal infrared scanning had been specially done besides MSS image, processing. Researches on remote sensing applications to engineering geology, hydrogeology, deformation of neo-tectonics, Iandslide, mud-rock flow, ecological environment and geographical information system had been carried out by more than 20 research units.展开更多
Based on affirming the tremendous benefits that water resources of rivers can provide in their exploitation, main environmental problems and their countermeasures have been proposed and analyzed in this paper. It is a...Based on affirming the tremendous benefits that water resources of rivers can provide in their exploitation, main environmental problems and their countermeasures have been proposed and analyzed in this paper. It is argued that multiple measures should be applied to solving those problems by simultaneously carrying out engineering measures, scientific research and also programs to cultivate the society’s awareness, aimed at a sustainable development strategy for exploiting water resources.展开更多
Using video films can be a very effective way of teaching and learning English only when the films areproperly selected and some activities are organized around them.This paper offers the criteria forchoosing films an...Using video films can be a very effective way of teaching and learning English only when the films areproperly selected and some activities are organized around them.This paper offers the criteria forchoosing films and suggests some activities for a variety of language teaching purposes.As video units and video films in English are now more easily available,the use of video films has becomean increasingly important component of teaching English as a foreign language.Here I use the term"video film"in a loose sense to mean"feature film on video".In recent years,textbooks have appeared inChina,such as English Through Films(Wu Qing,Yang Limin 1993)and English and American展开更多
With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Zhou XuePing(周雪平)at the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Prot...With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Zhou XuePing(周雪平)at the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,revealed the counter-defensive strategies deployed by geminivirus-associated betasatellites to overcome the antiviral arsenal of plants,which has been published in Trends in Plant Science(2019,http://doi.org/10/1016/j.tplants.2019.03.010).展开更多
The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predomi...The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
Introduction‘Integrated skills is when the main language skills are practised in conjunction with each other.(Willis,1981)In EFL teaching in China,most teachers believe that skills should be practised in isolation in...Introduction‘Integrated skills is when the main language skills are practised in conjunction with each other.(Willis,1981)In EFL teaching in China,most teachers believe that skills should be practised in isolation in theclassroom.That is,in a reading lesson,special attention is paid only to reading.Lessons generallyfollow the same pattern going through the new words;reading the text aloud paragraph by paragraph;explaining difficult points(especially the grammatical items);asking comprehension questions;andfinally doing the exercises after the text.In such a reading lesson,even the reading skill itself is notpractised,let alone other skills.What is more,both teacher and students find this kind of teachingdull and de-motivating.展开更多
This paperlanalyzes why the language laboratory still has an important role to play in ELT in China.Two methods of incorporating lab-based courses into a communicative framework,involving classroom interaction pattern...This paperlanalyzes why the language laboratory still has an important role to play in ELT in China.Two methods of incorporating lab-based courses into a communicative framework,involving classroom interaction patterns and task-based listening materials,are suggested,and a model lesson applying these two methods is presented.展开更多
The healthcare industry is in dire need of rapid microbial identification techniques for treating microbial infections.Microbial infections are a major healthcare issue worldwide,as these widespread diseases often dev...The healthcare industry is in dire need of rapid microbial identification techniques for treating microbial infections.Microbial infections are a major healthcare issue worldwide,as these widespread diseases often develop into deadly symptoms.While studies have shown that an early appropriate antibiotic treatment significantly reduces the mortality of an infection,this effective treatment is difficult to practice.The main obstacle to early appropriate antibiotic treatments is the long turnaround time of the routine microbial identification,which includes time-consuming sample growth.Here,we propose a microscopy-based framework that identifies the pathogen from single to few cells.Our framework obtains and exploits the morphology of the limited sample by incorporating three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging and an artificial neural network.We demonstrate the identification of 19 bacterial species that cause bloodstream infections,achieving an accuracy of 82.5%from an individual bacterial cell or cluster.This performance,comparable to that of the gold standard mass spectroscopy under a sufficient amount of sample,underpins the effectiveness of our framework in clinical applications.Furthermore,our accuracy increases with multiple measurements,reaching 99.9%with seven different measurements of cells or clusters.We believe that our framework can serve as a beneficial advisory tool for clinicians during the initial treatment of infections.展开更多
In this work,we present a novel biochemical sensing approach based on a plasmonic sensor chip,combined with a specific receptor,excited and interrogated via a custom 3D-printed holder through a transmission-based expe...In this work,we present a novel biochemical sensing approach based on a plasmonic sensor chip,combined with a specific receptor,excited and interrogated via a custom 3D-printed holder through a transmission-based experimental setup,exploiting polymer optical fibers. The setup is designed to measure a disposable plasmonic chip based on a gold nanograting fabricated on a polymethylmethacrylate substrate. The examined sensor configurations here presented are simulated,realized,and experimentally tested. More specifically,first,a numerical analysis is carried out by changing several sensor parameters,then an experimental optical characterization of different sensor configurations is reported. Finally,to test the biosensing capabilities of the proposed method,as a proof of concept,we deposit on the best sensor configuration a biomimetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor shows an ultra-low limit of detection,equal to about 37 pmol/L.展开更多
Based on collected data and information from journals,newspapers,internet and reports,the main distribution regions of China’s enterprises in Russia were presented firstly.According to the investigation by questionna...Based on collected data and information from journals,newspapers,internet and reports,the main distribution regions of China’s enterprises in Russia were presented firstly.According to the investigation by questionnaire and telephone,the general situation of Chinese enterprises exploiting forest resources in Russia was introduced and analyzed.The main difficulties faced by Chinese enterprises in Russia were summarized.Future trends faced by Chinese enterprises,such as increasing competition,encouraging timber downstream processing projects,increasing exploiting costs and more preferential policies on developing forest resources,were described in the end.展开更多
基金the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-"New Generation Artificial Intelligence"Major Project(No.2018AAA0100901)。
文摘In repeated zero-sum games,instead of constantly playing an equilibrium strategy of the stage game,learning to exploit the opponent given historical interactions could typically obtain a higher utility.However,when playing against a fully adaptive opponent,one would have dificulty identifying the opponent's adaptive dynamics and further exploiting its potential weakness.In this paper,we study the problem of optimizing against the adaptive opponent who uses no-regret learning.No-regret learning is a classic and widely-used branch of adaptive learning algorithms.We propose a general framework for online modeling no-regret opponents and exploiting their weakness.With this framework,one could approximate the opponent's no-regret learning dynamics and then develop a response plan to obtain a significant profit based on the inferences of the opponent's strategies.We employ two system identification architectures,including the recurrent neural network(RNN)and the nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model,and adopt an efficient greedy response plan within the framework.Theoretically,we prove the approximation capability of our RNN architecture at approximating specific no-regret dynamics.Empirically,we demonstrate that during interactions at a low level of non-stationarity,our architectures could approximate the dynamics with a low error,and the derived policies could exploit the no-regret opponent to obtain a decent utility.
文摘In the current data-intensive era, the traditional hands-on method of conducting scientific research by exploring related publications to generate a testable hypothesis is well on its way of becoming obsolete within just a year or two. Analyzing the literature and data to automatically generate a hypothesis might become the de facto approach to inform the core research efforts of those trying to master the exponentially rapid expansion of publications and datasets. Here, viewpoints are provided and discussed to help the understanding of challenges of data-driven discovery.
文摘Division arithmetic and generalized exploiting modification direction （DA-GEMD） method has perfect efficiency in data-hiding. However, there exist some weaknesses in DA-GEMD. Because the benchmarks are their median of nine pixels in each block of cover-image, it will give a hint for the attacker to hack the stego-image. In the paper, we utilize the Sudoku table to randomize the benchmark for each 3×3 block of cover-image. It will mix up the pixels in each image block and prevent the secret information from being extracted. The proposed method still keeps the original efficiency as DA-GEMD while promoting the security for data-hiding.
文摘Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting approaches mainly include fresh vegetable, pickle, bio-salt, health-care products, animal feed, vegetable oil, bio-diesel and skin-care products.
基金supported by the Important National S&T Special Project of China under Grant No.2011ZX01034-002-001-2the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.ZYGX2009J026
文摘With the increase of the clock frequency and silicon integration, power aware computing has become a critical concern in the design of the embedded processor and system-on-chip （SoC）. Dynamic voltage scaling （DVS） is an effective method for low-power designs. However, traditional DVS methods have two deficiencies. First, they have a conservative safety margin which is not necessary for most of the time. Second, they are exclusively concerned with the critical stage and ignore the significant potential free slack time of the noncritical stage. These factors lead to a large amount of power waste. In this paper, a novel pipeline structure with ultra-low power consumption is proposed. It cuts off the safety margin and takes use of the noncritical stages at the same time. A prototype pipeline is designed in 0.13 μm technology and analyzed. The result shows that a large amount of energy can be saved by using this structure. Compared with the fixed voltage case, 50% of the energy can be saved, and with respect to the traditional adaptive voltage scaling design, 37.8% of the energy can be saved.
文摘The Yinan County Animal Husbandry Exploiting Corporation in Shandong Province is an enterprise established with a World Bank loan and domestic supplementary funds. With a total investment of RMB32.63 million, the company includes a breeder
文摘There are abundant water power resources in the Yalong River which are suitable for the large hydroelectric engineering. But a reliability study should be made for the valley which liable to frequent earthquakes. The color infrared aerophotos, multi-spectral photography and thermal infrared scanning had been specially done besides MSS image, processing. Researches on remote sensing applications to engineering geology, hydrogeology, deformation of neo-tectonics, Iandslide, mud-rock flow, ecological environment and geographical information system had been carried out by more than 20 research units.
文摘Based on affirming the tremendous benefits that water resources of rivers can provide in their exploitation, main environmental problems and their countermeasures have been proposed and analyzed in this paper. It is argued that multiple measures should be applied to solving those problems by simultaneously carrying out engineering measures, scientific research and also programs to cultivate the society’s awareness, aimed at a sustainable development strategy for exploiting water resources.
文摘Using video films can be a very effective way of teaching and learning English only when the films areproperly selected and some activities are organized around them.This paper offers the criteria forchoosing films and suggests some activities for a variety of language teaching purposes.As video units and video films in English are now more easily available,the use of video films has becomean increasingly important component of teaching English as a foreign language.Here I use the term"video film"in a loose sense to mean"feature film on video".In recent years,textbooks have appeared inChina,such as English Through Films(Wu Qing,Yang Limin 1993)and English and American
文摘With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Zhou XuePing(周雪平)at the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,revealed the counter-defensive strategies deployed by geminivirus-associated betasatellites to overcome the antiviral arsenal of plants,which has been published in Trends in Plant Science(2019,http://doi.org/10/1016/j.tplants.2019.03.010).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1306700)the Key Project of Basic Research of Yunnan Province,China(202301AS070001)the Regional Innovative Development Joint Fund of NSFC(U23A20149).
文摘The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
文摘Introduction‘Integrated skills is when the main language skills are practised in conjunction with each other.(Willis,1981)In EFL teaching in China,most teachers believe that skills should be practised in isolation in theclassroom.That is,in a reading lesson,special attention is paid only to reading.Lessons generallyfollow the same pattern going through the new words;reading the text aloud paragraph by paragraph;explaining difficult points(especially the grammatical items);asking comprehension questions;andfinally doing the exercises after the text.In such a reading lesson,even the reading skill itself is notpractised,let alone other skills.What is more,both teacher and students find this kind of teachingdull and de-motivating.
文摘This paperlanalyzes why the language laboratory still has an important role to play in ELT in China.Two methods of incorporating lab-based courses into a communicative framework,involving classroom interaction patterns and task-based listening materials,are suggested,and a model lesson applying these two methods is presented.
基金supported by KAIST Up Program,BK21+program,Tomocube,National Research Foundation of Korea(2015R1A3A2066550)KAIST Institute of Technology Value Creation,Industry Liaison Center(G-COFE Project)grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(N11210014.N11220131)+1 种基金Institute of Information&communicarions Technology Planning&Evaluation(ITP:2021-0-00745)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)the Commercialzation Promotion Agency for P&D Outcomes(COMPA:055586)funded by the Korea government.
文摘The healthcare industry is in dire need of rapid microbial identification techniques for treating microbial infections.Microbial infections are a major healthcare issue worldwide,as these widespread diseases often develop into deadly symptoms.While studies have shown that an early appropriate antibiotic treatment significantly reduces the mortality of an infection,this effective treatment is difficult to practice.The main obstacle to early appropriate antibiotic treatments is the long turnaround time of the routine microbial identification,which includes time-consuming sample growth.Here,we propose a microscopy-based framework that identifies the pathogen from single to few cells.Our framework obtains and exploits the morphology of the limited sample by incorporating three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging and an artificial neural network.We demonstrate the identification of 19 bacterial species that cause bloodstream infections,achieving an accuracy of 82.5%from an individual bacterial cell or cluster.This performance,comparable to that of the gold standard mass spectroscopy under a sufficient amount of sample,underpins the effectiveness of our framework in clinical applications.Furthermore,our accuracy increases with multiple measurements,reaching 99.9%with seven different measurements of cells or clusters.We believe that our framework can serve as a beneficial advisory tool for clinicians during the initial treatment of infections.
文摘In this work,we present a novel biochemical sensing approach based on a plasmonic sensor chip,combined with a specific receptor,excited and interrogated via a custom 3D-printed holder through a transmission-based experimental setup,exploiting polymer optical fibers. The setup is designed to measure a disposable plasmonic chip based on a gold nanograting fabricated on a polymethylmethacrylate substrate. The examined sensor configurations here presented are simulated,realized,and experimentally tested. More specifically,first,a numerical analysis is carried out by changing several sensor parameters,then an experimental optical characterization of different sensor configurations is reported. Finally,to test the biosensing capabilities of the proposed method,as a proof of concept,we deposit on the best sensor configuration a biomimetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor shows an ultra-low limit of detection,equal to about 37 pmol/L.
文摘Based on collected data and information from journals,newspapers,internet and reports,the main distribution regions of China’s enterprises in Russia were presented firstly.According to the investigation by questionnaire and telephone,the general situation of Chinese enterprises exploiting forest resources in Russia was introduced and analyzed.The main difficulties faced by Chinese enterprises in Russia were summarized.Future trends faced by Chinese enterprises,such as increasing competition,encouraging timber downstream processing projects,increasing exploiting costs and more preferential policies on developing forest resources,were described in the end.
