In 2001, the International Seabed Authority （ISBA） initiated the consideration relating to the Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Hydrothermal Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crust...In 2001, the International Seabed Authority （ISBA） initiated the consideration relating to the Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Hydrothermal Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Area at its 7th session. Since then, the consideration of the Regulations has been mainly focused on the size of areas to be allocated for exploration and exploitation of the crusts. This paper, based on the investigation data and the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the crusts, suggests a model for determining the size of areas for exploration and exploitation of the crusts, taking into account various factors such as production scale, crust thickness and grade, mineable area proportion, recovery efficiency, exploration venture, and so on. Through the modeling, the paper suggests that the exploration area （the area covered by each application for approval of a plan of work for exploration of cobalt-rich crusts） shall be 4 856 km2 and the exploitation area （the mine site area） shall be 1 214 km2, for 20 years of 1 million wet tonnes annual production.展开更多
Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm,affecting victims’economic stability and independence.This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of g...Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm,affecting victims’economic stability and independence.This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of gender-based violence.With definitions of economic violence broadening to encompass a range of coercive and manipulative behaviors-from financial abuse in domestic violence scenarios to the economic harassment faced by stay-at-home moms-understanding this form of exploitation is crucial for crafting effective interventions.This article aims to delve into various facets of economic violence,including its definition,prevalence,and the stark realities it creates for its victims.Following the search of international databases:Social Work Abstracts(EBSCO),Psychology Abstracts,Family and Women Studies Worldwide,Psychiatry Online,Psych INFO(including Psych ARTICLES),PubMed,Wiley,and Scopus,60 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the paper.Our review clarifies that looking forward,the call for a comprehensive understanding of economic violence,enhanced legal frameworks,and the strengthening of supportive networks underscore the multidisciplinary approach required to combat this issue effectively.展开更多
The insect is the animal protein feed resource potential, the rapid repro- duction, large quantity, high protein content, and most species of insects can be used as livestock feed utilization, development of insect as...The insect is the animal protein feed resource potential, the rapid repro- duction, large quantity, high protein content, and most species of insects can be used as livestock feed utilization, development of insect as feed resources, to pro- mote the development of China＇s animal husbandry and feed industry, has important significance.展开更多
Rural tourism, i.e., agrotourism, is the newly-exploited tourism product[1] with agricultural production, rustic view, rural life and rural custom as the main carrier and with agriculture and countryside as the touris...Rural tourism, i.e., agrotourism, is the newly-exploited tourism product[1] with agricultural production, rustic view, rural life and rural custom as the main carrier and with agriculture and countryside as the tourism resources. Zhenjiang City is in possession of adequate source markets, abundant rural tourism resources, good tourist ecological environment and profound culture. The pleasant ecological environment and charming rural scenery provide the development of rural tourism in Zhenjiang with exceptional advantages. The exploitation of rural tourism not only promotes the exploitation and development of agricultural tourism in Zhenjiang, but also improves the structure of tourism product, simulating the healthy development of rural economy. Through the analysis of the exploitation advantage of the rural tourism resources in Zhenjiang, the author analyzed the exploitation situation and existing problems of the rural tourism resources in Zhenjiang. The author considered that the rural tourism development in Zhenjiang was lack of unified planning; the cultural content of tourism product was low; the development depth was not enough; the construction of infrastructure was lagging behind; and meanwhile, it was lacking of funding, tourism program and advertising promotion. In the light of the above deficiencies, a series of countermeasures of rural tourism exploitation was put forward, that is, to complete the exploitation planning of the rural tourism resources, promoting the cultural taste of the rural tourism product; to enhance the publicity of the rural tourism, highlighting the brand feature of local tourism and creating high-quality product; to conduct standard management, strengthening the training of tourism management personnel.展开更多
This study aimed to make an orientation for the development of Zhenjiang Pearl S.Buck tourism products.According to the spatial structure styles of tourism products,this paper discussed the exploitation of Zhenjiang P...This study aimed to make an orientation for the development of Zhenjiang Pearl S.Buck tourism products.According to the spatial structure styles of tourism products,this paper discussed the exploitation of Zhenjiang Pearl S.Buck tourism products from the perspective of spot products,linear products and network products.It expanded the Pearl S.Buck research to tourism science field and put forward some ideas of promoting the comprehensive benefits of Pearl S.Buck tourism resource as well as the exploitation of similar tourism products.展开更多
Natural environment of Hailuogou Scenic Area(Conch Gully)was introduced,and it was pointed out that tourist resources in the study area showed gradient differentiation along the vertical height.In view of such gradien...Natural environment of Hailuogou Scenic Area(Conch Gully)was introduced,and it was pointed out that tourist resources in the study area showed gradient differentiation along the vertical height.In view of such gradient differentiation,resource contents and characteristics of its cultural heritages zone,geothermal resources zone,forest vegetation zone,and glacial resources zone were respectively analyzed.Based on the gradient differentiation of tourist resources in Hailuogou Scenic Area,suggestions were given for its further tourism development,and it was stressed that brand effects of the attractions should be enhanced,infrastructure construction and maintenance of newly-explored scenic spots should be improved,and more efforts should be devoted to explore disastrous landform resources.This research is of practical significance for studying spatial differentiation and evolution mechanism of tourist resources in mountainous areas in western China,and also provides scientific support for the exploration of tourist resources in mountainous areas.展开更多
The paper had introduced geographic causes and types of hot springs, illustrated its disease-treating function and displayed its great vitality and widespread development prospect as tourist resources. By taking Shawa...The paper had introduced geographic causes and types of hot springs, illustrated its disease-treating function and displayed its great vitality and widespread development prospect as tourist resources. By taking Shawan Hot Spring in Xinjiang for example, the paper had analyzed its natural condition, hot springs and tourist economic development. And then, quantitative and qualitative analysis had been conducted on the quality of water environment resources in the research area. It had analyzed reasons for degeneration of water environment and studied exploitation and sustainable development of hot springs. It was considered that environment especially water environment quality had decreased since hot spring tourism development. In order to achieve sustainable development of hot springs and promotion of local tourism, it must be guided by environment treatment, and some strategies for sustainable development of hot springs had been proposed.展开更多
The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predomi...The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japo...This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.展开更多
Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous g...Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous gas reservoirs with intricate storage and flow behavior.To address these issues within a unified,data-driven framework,this study develops a multi-block material balance model that accounts for inter-block flow and aquifer influx,and is applicable to a wide range of reservoir types.The model incorporates inter-well and well-group conductive connectivity together with pseudo–steady-state aquifer support.The governing equations are solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme,while particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate formation pressures,inter-well connectivity,and effective aquifer volumes.An unbalanced exploitation factor,UEF,is introduced to quantify production imbalance and to guide development optimization.Validation using a synthetic reservoir model demonstrates that the approach accurately reproduces pressure evolution,crossflow behavior,and water influx.Application to a representative case(the Longwangmiao)field further confirms its robustness under highly heterogeneous conditions,achieving a 12.9%reduction in UEF through optimized production allocation.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
America had been attempting to annex Canadian West and posed a threat to the security of the fledgling country. Therefore the antipathy towards America as well as independent-nation complex of Canadians drove Canadian...America had been attempting to annex Canadian West and posed a threat to the security of the fledgling country. Therefore the antipathy towards America as well as independent-nation complex of Canadians drove Canadian government to incorporate the west exploitation into the national strategy of creating an independent country. Canadian west exploitation thus took on some distinctiveness.展开更多
Calculated in terms of surface runoff plus irrepeated groundwater, there is about 8. 67 ×1010m3 of total available water resources in the inland river basins of arid Northwest China. Water resources is the decisi...Calculated in terms of surface runoff plus irrepeated groundwater, there is about 8. 67 ×1010m3 of total available water resources in the inland river basins of arid Northwest China. Water resources is the decisive factor for survival of oases and human being. But there have arisen several aspects of Serious eco-environment problems resulted from irrational exploitation and utilization. From now on, the development and utilization of water not only requires to promote regional economy, but also needs to protect and improve the environment based on their potential. Sustainable utilization needs to broaden new sources and saving water at first. Then three measures are recommended.展开更多
Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. Th...Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system （salt deposits） was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake.展开更多
CO_(2) can be used as an alternative injectant to exploit geothermal energy from depleted high-temperature gas reservoirs due to its high mobility and unique thermal properties.However,there has been a lack of systema...CO_(2) can be used as an alternative injectant to exploit geothermal energy from depleted high-temperature gas reservoirs due to its high mobility and unique thermal properties.However,there has been a lack of systematic analysis on the heat mining mechanism and performance of CO_(2),as well as the problems that may occur during geothermal energy exploitation at specific gas reservoir conditions.In this paper,a base numerical simulation model of a typical depleted high-temperature gas reservoir was established to simulate the geothermal energy exploitation processes via recycling CO_(2) and water,with a view to investigate whether and/or at which conditions CO_(2) is more suitable than water for geothermal energy exploitation.The problems that may occur during the CO_(2)-based geothermal energy exploitation were also analyzed along with proposed feasible solutions.The results indicate that,for a depleted low-permeability gas reservoir with dimensions of 1000 m×500 m×50 m and temperature of 150℃ using a single injection-production well group for 40 years of operation,the heat mining rate of CO_(2) can be up to 3.8 MW at a circulation flow rate of 18 kg s^(-1)due to its high mobility along with the flow path in the gas reservoir,while the heat mining rate of water is only about 2 MW due to limitations on the injectivity and mobility.The reservoir physical property and injection-production scheme have some effects on the heat mining rate,but CO_(2)always has better performance than water at most reservoir and operation conditions,even under a high water saturation.The main problems for CO_(2) circulation are wellbore corrosion and salt precipitation that can occur when the reservoir has high water saturation and high salinity,in which serious salt precipitation can reduce formation permeability and result in a decline of CO_(2) heat mining rate (e.g.up to 24%reduction).It is proposed to apply a low-salinity water slug before CO_(2)injection to reduce the damage caused by salt precipitation.For high-permeability gas reservoirs with high water saturation and high salinity,the superiority of CO_(2) as a heat transmission fluid becomes obscure and water injection is recommended.展开更多
Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,the...Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,thereby,it is crucial to develop,select and apply the optimum DCTs for each diferent CBM reservoir.This paper frstly reviews the development history of CBM DCTs throughout worldwide and clarifes its overall development tendency.Secondly,diferent well types and its characteristics of CBM exploitation are summarized,and main application scopes of these well types are also discussed.Then,the key technologies of CBM drilling(directional drilling tools,measurement while drilling,geo-steering drilling,magnetic guidance drilling,underbalanced drilling and drilling fuids),and the key technologies of CBM completion(open-hole,cavity and under-ream completion,cased-hole completion,screen pipe completion and horizontal well completion)are summarized and analyzed,it is found that safe,economic and efcient development of CBM is inseparable from the support of advanced technologies.Finally,based on the current status of CBM development,the achievements,existing challenges and future prospects are summarized and discussed from the perspective of CBM DCTs.展开更多
China has nearly a hundred mining cities derived from mining development.While mining development has brought about immense achievements in a city’s economic construction,it has also resulted in different levels of d...China has nearly a hundred mining cities derived from mining development.While mining development has brought about immense achievements in a city’s economic construction,it has also resulted in different levels of damage to the eco-environment of the mining city,leaving behind a lot of subsided wasteland and heavily confining the sustainable development and transformation there.How to restore and exploit the land and eco-environment disrupted by mining development in an effective way,therefore,has become a pressing challenge that Chinese mining cities are facing.In this paper,the planning and construction of Nanhu Eco-city in the suburb of Tangshan City is analyzed as an example.After characterizing the coal-mining subsided lands in Kailuan Tangshan Mine originated in different periods and under different geological mining conditions and evaluating their safety level,the authors try to demonstrate how eco-restoration and comprehensive land exploitation should be implemented by making the best use of available local resources to achieve "economy-society-environment" sustainability and coexistence in a mining city.展开更多
基金China International Seabed Area R & D Program under contract No.DYXM-115-01-1
文摘In 2001, the International Seabed Authority （ISBA） initiated the consideration relating to the Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Hydrothermal Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Area at its 7th session. Since then, the consideration of the Regulations has been mainly focused on the size of areas to be allocated for exploration and exploitation of the crusts. This paper, based on the investigation data and the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the crusts, suggests a model for determining the size of areas for exploration and exploitation of the crusts, taking into account various factors such as production scale, crust thickness and grade, mineable area proportion, recovery efficiency, exploration venture, and so on. Through the modeling, the paper suggests that the exploration area （the area covered by each application for approval of a plan of work for exploration of cobalt-rich crusts） shall be 4 856 km2 and the exploitation area （the mine site area） shall be 1 214 km2, for 20 years of 1 million wet tonnes annual production.
文摘Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm,affecting victims’economic stability and independence.This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of gender-based violence.With definitions of economic violence broadening to encompass a range of coercive and manipulative behaviors-from financial abuse in domestic violence scenarios to the economic harassment faced by stay-at-home moms-understanding this form of exploitation is crucial for crafting effective interventions.This article aims to delve into various facets of economic violence,including its definition,prevalence,and the stark realities it creates for its victims.Following the search of international databases:Social Work Abstracts(EBSCO),Psychology Abstracts,Family and Women Studies Worldwide,Psychiatry Online,Psych INFO(including Psych ARTICLES),PubMed,Wiley,and Scopus,60 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the paper.Our review clarifies that looking forward,the call for a comprehensive understanding of economic violence,enhanced legal frameworks,and the strengthening of supportive networks underscore the multidisciplinary approach required to combat this issue effectively.
基金Supported by the Planned Project for the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training of College Students in China~~
文摘The insect is the animal protein feed resource potential, the rapid repro- duction, large quantity, high protein content, and most species of insects can be used as livestock feed utilization, development of insect as feed resources, to pro- mote the development of China＇s animal husbandry and feed industry, has important significance.
文摘Rural tourism, i.e., agrotourism, is the newly-exploited tourism product[1] with agricultural production, rustic view, rural life and rural custom as the main carrier and with agriculture and countryside as the tourism resources. Zhenjiang City is in possession of adequate source markets, abundant rural tourism resources, good tourist ecological environment and profound culture. The pleasant ecological environment and charming rural scenery provide the development of rural tourism in Zhenjiang with exceptional advantages. The exploitation of rural tourism not only promotes the exploitation and development of agricultural tourism in Zhenjiang, but also improves the structure of tourism product, simulating the healthy development of rural economy. Through the analysis of the exploitation advantage of the rural tourism resources in Zhenjiang, the author analyzed the exploitation situation and existing problems of the rural tourism resources in Zhenjiang. The author considered that the rural tourism development in Zhenjiang was lack of unified planning; the cultural content of tourism product was low; the development depth was not enough; the construction of infrastructure was lagging behind; and meanwhile, it was lacking of funding, tourism program and advertising promotion. In the light of the above deficiencies, a series of countermeasures of rural tourism exploitation was put forward, that is, to complete the exploitation planning of the rural tourism resources, promoting the cultural taste of the rural tourism product; to enhance the publicity of the rural tourism, highlighting the brand feature of local tourism and creating high-quality product; to conduct standard management, strengthening the training of tourism management personnel.
文摘This study aimed to make an orientation for the development of Zhenjiang Pearl S.Buck tourism products.According to the spatial structure styles of tourism products,this paper discussed the exploitation of Zhenjiang Pearl S.Buck tourism products from the perspective of spot products,linear products and network products.It expanded the Pearl S.Buck research to tourism science field and put forward some ideas of promoting the comprehensive benefits of Pearl S.Buck tourism resource as well as the exploitation of similar tourism products.
基金Supported by(First batch of)Scientific Research Program of Sichuan Academy of Higher Education(2007No.33)Key Project(2008)of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education:Study on the Industrial Cluster in Less-developed Areas(08SA047)~~
文摘Natural environment of Hailuogou Scenic Area(Conch Gully)was introduced,and it was pointed out that tourist resources in the study area showed gradient differentiation along the vertical height.In view of such gradient differentiation,resource contents and characteristics of its cultural heritages zone,geothermal resources zone,forest vegetation zone,and glacial resources zone were respectively analyzed.Based on the gradient differentiation of tourist resources in Hailuogou Scenic Area,suggestions were given for its further tourism development,and it was stressed that brand effects of the attractions should be enhanced,infrastructure construction and maintenance of newly-explored scenic spots should be improved,and more efforts should be devoted to explore disastrous landform resources.This research is of practical significance for studying spatial differentiation and evolution mechanism of tourist resources in mountainous areas in western China,and also provides scientific support for the exploration of tourist resources in mountainous areas.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (40961008)~~
文摘The paper had introduced geographic causes and types of hot springs, illustrated its disease-treating function and displayed its great vitality and widespread development prospect as tourist resources. By taking Shawan Hot Spring in Xinjiang for example, the paper had analyzed its natural condition, hot springs and tourist economic development. And then, quantitative and qualitative analysis had been conducted on the quality of water environment resources in the research area. It had analyzed reasons for degeneration of water environment and studied exploitation and sustainable development of hot springs. It was considered that environment especially water environment quality had decreased since hot spring tourism development. In order to achieve sustainable development of hot springs and promotion of local tourism, it must be guided by environment treatment, and some strategies for sustainable development of hot springs had been proposed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1306700)the Key Project of Basic Research of Yunnan Province,China(202301AS070001)the Regional Innovative Development Joint Fund of NSFC(U23A20149).
文摘The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.
基金CHINA POSTDOCTORAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(Grant No.2025M771925)Young Scientists Fund(C Class)(Grant No.32501636)Special Fund of Fundamental Scientific Research Business Expense for Higher School of Central Government(Grant No.2572025JT04).
文摘This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104018,52274030)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Innovation Foundation(No.2024DQ02-0303)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)14th Five-Year Plan Major Strategic Scientific and Technological Project for Prospective and Fundamental Research(2024DJ86).
文摘Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous gas reservoirs with intricate storage and flow behavior.To address these issues within a unified,data-driven framework,this study develops a multi-block material balance model that accounts for inter-block flow and aquifer influx,and is applicable to a wide range of reservoir types.The model incorporates inter-well and well-group conductive connectivity together with pseudo–steady-state aquifer support.The governing equations are solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme,while particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate formation pressures,inter-well connectivity,and effective aquifer volumes.An unbalanced exploitation factor,UEF,is introduced to quantify production imbalance and to guide development optimization.Validation using a synthetic reservoir model demonstrates that the approach accurately reproduces pressure evolution,crossflow behavior,and water influx.Application to a representative case(the Longwangmiao)field further confirms its robustness under highly heterogeneous conditions,achieving a 12.9%reduction in UEF through optimized production allocation.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
文摘America had been attempting to annex Canadian West and posed a threat to the security of the fledgling country. Therefore the antipathy towards America as well as independent-nation complex of Canadians drove Canadian government to incorporate the west exploitation into the national strategy of creating an independent country. Canadian west exploitation thus took on some distinctiveness.
文摘Calculated in terms of surface runoff plus irrepeated groundwater, there is about 8. 67 ×1010m3 of total available water resources in the inland river basins of arid Northwest China. Water resources is the decisive factor for survival of oases and human being. But there have arisen several aspects of Serious eco-environment problems resulted from irrational exploitation and utilization. From now on, the development and utilization of water not only requires to promote regional economy, but also needs to protect and improve the environment based on their potential. Sustainable utilization needs to broaden new sources and saving water at first. Then three measures are recommended.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Firstly, the macroscopic chemical equilibrium state of a series of chemical reactions between intercrystal brine and its media salt layer （salt deposit） in Qarhan Salt Lake was studied by using the Pitzer theory. The concept of macroscopic solubility product and its relation with accumulated ore dissolving ratio were presented, which are used in the numerical model of dissolving and driving exploitation of potassium salt in Qarhan Salt Lake. And secondly, with a model forming idea of transport model for reacting solutes in the multi-component fresh groundwater system in porous media being a reference, a two-dimensional transport model coupled with a series of chemical reactions in a multi-component brine porous system （salt deposits） was developed by using the Pitzer theory. Meanwhile, the model was applied to model potassium/magnesium transport in Qarhan Salt Lake in order to study the transfer law of solid and liquid phases in the dissolving and driving process and to design the optimal injection/abstraction strategy for dissolving and capturing maximum Potassium/ Magnesium in the mining of salt deposits in Qarhan Salt Lake.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51674282)the National Key R&D Programs of China(Grant No.2019YFB1504201,2019YFB1504203,and 2019YFB1504204)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Grant No.CUGGC09 and CUG200637)the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment(Jilin University),Ministry of Education(Grant No.202005001KF)Opening Fund of Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)),Ministry of Education(Grant No.19CX05005A-201)。
文摘CO_(2) can be used as an alternative injectant to exploit geothermal energy from depleted high-temperature gas reservoirs due to its high mobility and unique thermal properties.However,there has been a lack of systematic analysis on the heat mining mechanism and performance of CO_(2),as well as the problems that may occur during geothermal energy exploitation at specific gas reservoir conditions.In this paper,a base numerical simulation model of a typical depleted high-temperature gas reservoir was established to simulate the geothermal energy exploitation processes via recycling CO_(2) and water,with a view to investigate whether and/or at which conditions CO_(2) is more suitable than water for geothermal energy exploitation.The problems that may occur during the CO_(2)-based geothermal energy exploitation were also analyzed along with proposed feasible solutions.The results indicate that,for a depleted low-permeability gas reservoir with dimensions of 1000 m×500 m×50 m and temperature of 150℃ using a single injection-production well group for 40 years of operation,the heat mining rate of CO_(2) can be up to 3.8 MW at a circulation flow rate of 18 kg s^(-1)due to its high mobility along with the flow path in the gas reservoir,while the heat mining rate of water is only about 2 MW due to limitations on the injectivity and mobility.The reservoir physical property and injection-production scheme have some effects on the heat mining rate,but CO_(2)always has better performance than water at most reservoir and operation conditions,even under a high water saturation.The main problems for CO_(2) circulation are wellbore corrosion and salt precipitation that can occur when the reservoir has high water saturation and high salinity,in which serious salt precipitation can reduce formation permeability and result in a decline of CO_(2) heat mining rate (e.g.up to 24%reduction).It is proposed to apply a low-salinity water slug before CO_(2)injection to reduce the damage caused by salt precipitation.For high-permeability gas reservoirs with high water saturation and high salinity,the superiority of CO_(2) as a heat transmission fluid becomes obscure and water injection is recommended.
基金supported by the Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Foundation of Southwest Petroleum University(2019CXTD09)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Chinese Universities(111 Plan)(D18016).
文摘Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,thereby,it is crucial to develop,select and apply the optimum DCTs for each diferent CBM reservoir.This paper frstly reviews the development history of CBM DCTs throughout worldwide and clarifes its overall development tendency.Secondly,diferent well types and its characteristics of CBM exploitation are summarized,and main application scopes of these well types are also discussed.Then,the key technologies of CBM drilling(directional drilling tools,measurement while drilling,geo-steering drilling,magnetic guidance drilling,underbalanced drilling and drilling fuids),and the key technologies of CBM completion(open-hole,cavity and under-ream completion,cased-hole completion,screen pipe completion and horizontal well completion)are summarized and analyzed,it is found that safe,economic and efcient development of CBM is inseparable from the support of advanced technologies.Finally,based on the current status of CBM development,the achievements,existing challenges and future prospects are summarized and discussed from the perspective of CBM DCTs.
文摘China has nearly a hundred mining cities derived from mining development.While mining development has brought about immense achievements in a city’s economic construction,it has also resulted in different levels of damage to the eco-environment of the mining city,leaving behind a lot of subsided wasteland and heavily confining the sustainable development and transformation there.How to restore and exploit the land and eco-environment disrupted by mining development in an effective way,therefore,has become a pressing challenge that Chinese mining cities are facing.In this paper,the planning and construction of Nanhu Eco-city in the suburb of Tangshan City is analyzed as an example.After characterizing the coal-mining subsided lands in Kailuan Tangshan Mine originated in different periods and under different geological mining conditions and evaluating their safety level,the authors try to demonstrate how eco-restoration and comprehensive land exploitation should be implemented by making the best use of available local resources to achieve "economy-society-environment" sustainability and coexistence in a mining city.
