The exploitable heap layouts are used to determine the exploitability of heap vulnerabilities in general-purpose applications.Prior studies have focused on using fuzzing-based methods to generate more exploitable heap...The exploitable heap layouts are used to determine the exploitability of heap vulnerabilities in general-purpose applications.Prior studies have focused on using fuzzing-based methods to generate more exploitable heap layouts.However,the exploitable heap layout cannot fully demonstrate the exploitability of a vulnerability,as it is uncertain whether the attacker can control the data covered by the overflow.In this paper,we propose the Heap Overflow Exploitability Evaluator(Hoee),a new approach to automatically reveal the exploitability of heap buffer overflow vulnerabilities by evaluating proof-of-concepts(PoCs)generated by fuzzers.Hoee leverages several techniques to collect dynamic information at runtime and recover heap object layouts in a fine-grained manner.The overflow context is carefully analyzed to determine whether the sensitive pointer is corrupted,tainted,or critically used.We evaluate Hoee on 34 real-world CVE vulnerabilities from 16 general-purpose programs.The results demonstrate that Hoee accurately identifies the key factors for developing exploits in vulnerable contexts and correctly recognizes the behavior of overflow.展开更多
The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predomi...The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japo...This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.展开更多
Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous g...Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous gas reservoirs with intricate storage and flow behavior.To address these issues within a unified,data-driven framework,this study develops a multi-block material balance model that accounts for inter-block flow and aquifer influx,and is applicable to a wide range of reservoir types.The model incorporates inter-well and well-group conductive connectivity together with pseudo–steady-state aquifer support.The governing equations are solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme,while particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate formation pressures,inter-well connectivity,and effective aquifer volumes.An unbalanced exploitation factor,UEF,is introduced to quantify production imbalance and to guide development optimization.Validation using a synthetic reservoir model demonstrates that the approach accurately reproduces pressure evolution,crossflow behavior,and water influx.Application to a representative case(the Longwangmiao)field further confirms its robustness under highly heterogeneous conditions,achieving a 12.9%reduction in UEF through optimized production allocation.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
As mining depth increases,the temperature of the surrounding rock rises,drawing global attention to the potential for geothermal energy extraction from high-temperature water stored in collapsed rock masses-a prospect...As mining depth increases,the temperature of the surrounding rock rises,drawing global attention to the potential for geothermal energy extraction from high-temperature water stored in collapsed rock masses-a prospect that offers both promise and challenges.In response,this study proposes a functional backfilling method using mining solid waste to construct a high-porosity heat extraction space.The research integrates experiments,theoretical analysis,and simulations to examine the mechanical and permeability properties of solid waste backfill materials.It further aims to elucidate how flow velocity and initial temperature influence the evolution of the temperature field and the thermal performance.Results indicate that the backfill material achieves optimal mechanical strength with a glass fiber content of 10‰ and a length of 6 mm.Furthermore,the permeability of the solid waste backfill demonstrates a quadratic relationship with both axial and confining pressure.During the recovery stage,the temperature in the heat extraction space remains lower than that of the surrounding rock,with geothermal energy being extracted via convective heat transfer between the water medium and the rock.The amount of heat extracted shows a positive correlation with the flow velocity of the water medium and a negative correlation with its initial temperature.展开更多
In this study,a completely different approach to optimization is introduced through the development of a novel metaheuristic algorithm called the Barber Optimization Algorithm(BaOA).Inspired by the human interactions ...In this study,a completely different approach to optimization is introduced through the development of a novel metaheuristic algorithm called the Barber Optimization Algorithm(BaOA).Inspired by the human interactions between barbers and customers,BaOA captures two key processes:the customer’s selection of a hairstyle and the detailed refinement during the haircut.These processes are translated into a mathematical framework that forms the foundation of BaOA,consisting of two critical phases:exploration,representing the creative selection process,and exploitation,which focuses on refining details for optimization.The performance of BaOA is evaluated using 52 standard benchmark functions,including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,fixed-dimensional multimodal,and the Congress on Evolutionary Computation(CEC)2017 test suite.This comprehensive assessment highlights BaOA’s ability to balance exploration and exploitation effectively,resulting in high-quality solutions.A comparative analysis against twelve widely known metaheuristic algorithms further demonstrates BaOA’s superior performance,as it consistently delivers better results across most benchmark functions.To validate its real-world applicability,BaOA is tested on four engineering design problems,illustrating its capability to address practical challenges with remarkable efficiency.The results confirm BaOA’s versatility and reliability as an optimization tool.This study not only introduces an innovative algorithm but also establishes its effectiveness in solving complex problems,providing a foundation for future research and applications in diverse scientific and engineering domains.展开更多
BACKGROUND Economic violence is a type of domestic violence in which an intimate partner attempts to oppress,restrict,or direct a female by exercising control over her financial resources.AIM To explore the impact of ...BACKGROUND Economic violence is a type of domestic violence in which an intimate partner attempts to oppress,restrict,or direct a female by exercising control over her financial resources.AIM To explore the impact of economic abuse on individual work performance and clarify the effective factors on financial exploitation among physicians and nurses.METHODS The study has a cross-sectional design,and 305 married,female physicians and nurses working in a university hospital were included.Data was collected with demographic characteristics forms,“Revised Scale of Economic Abuse”and“Individual Work Performance Questionnaire”.Pearson correlation,comparative analyses,and internal consistency reliability tests were used.RESULTS The average age was 39.04±9.41.Among the respondents 69.2%were nurses and 63.9%held a bachelor’s degree.The mean score for the Revised Scale of Economic Abuse was 2.80±4.73 while it was 3.86±0.60 for the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire.CONCLUSION Our study revealed no relationship between economic abuse and individual work performance,confirming that nurses are exposed to more economic abuse and exploitation than physicians and exhibit higher work performance.展开更多
Padma was 17 when the democratic reform was introduced in Xizang in 1959.Before the reform,the region had been ruled by feudal serfdom under a theocracy for centuries.Nearly one million serfs were subjected to estate-...Padma was 17 when the democratic reform was introduced in Xizang in 1959.Before the reform,the region had been ruled by feudal serfdom under a theocracy for centuries.Nearly one million serfs were subjected to estate-holders'cruel exploitation and oppression.Padma was one of them.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel optimization approach called Recuperated Seed Search Optimization(RSSO),designed to address challenges in solving mechanical engineering design problems.Many optimization techniques strug...This paper introduces a novel optimization approach called Recuperated Seed Search Optimization(RSSO),designed to address challenges in solving mechanical engineering design problems.Many optimization techniques struggle with slow convergence and suboptimal solutions due to complex,nonlinear natures.The Sperm Swarm Optimization(SSO)algorithm,which mimics the sperm’s movement to reach an egg,is one such technique.To improve SSO,researchers combined it with three strategies:opposition-based learning(OBL),Cauchy mutation(CM),and position clamping.OBL introduces diversity to SSO by exploring opposite solutions,speeding up convergence.CM enhances both exploration and exploitation capabilities throughout the optimization process.This combined approach,RSSO,has been rigorously tested on standard benchmark functions,real-world engineering problems,and through statistical analysis(Wilcoxon test).The results demonstrate that RSSO significantly outperforms other optimization algorithms,achieving faster convergence and better solutions.The paper details the RSSO algorithm,discusses its implementation,and presents comparative results that validate its effectiveness in solving complex engineering design challenges.展开更多
The geothermal resources in hot dry rock(HDR)are considered the future trend in geothermal energy extraction due to their abundant reserves.However,exploitation of the resources is fraught with complexity and technica...The geothermal resources in hot dry rock(HDR)are considered the future trend in geothermal energy extraction due to their abundant reserves.However,exploitation of the resources is fraught with complexity and technical challenges arising from their unique characteristics of high temperature,high strength,and low permeability.With the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,intelligent algorithms such as machine learning and evolutionary algorithms are gradually replacing or assisting traditional research methods,providing new solutions for HDR geothermal resource exploitation.This study first provides an overview of HDR geothermal resource exploitation technologies and AI methods.Then,the latest research progress is systematically reviewed in AI applications in HDR geothermal reservoir characterization,deep drilling,heat production,and operational parameter optimization.Additionally,this study discusses the potential limitations of AI methods in HDR geothermal resource exploitation and highlights the corresponding opportunities for AI's application.Notably,the study proposes the framework of an intelligent HDR exploitation system,offering a valuable reference for future research and practice.展开更多
Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm,affecting victims’economic stability and independence.This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of g...Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm,affecting victims’economic stability and independence.This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of gender-based violence.With definitions of economic violence broadening to encompass a range of coercive and manipulative behaviors-from financial abuse in domestic violence scenarios to the economic harassment faced by stay-at-home moms-understanding this form of exploitation is crucial for crafting effective interventions.This article aims to delve into various facets of economic violence,including its definition,prevalence,and the stark realities it creates for its victims.Following the search of international databases:Social Work Abstracts(EBSCO),Psychology Abstracts,Family and Women Studies Worldwide,Psychiatry Online,Psych INFO(including Psych ARTICLES),PubMed,Wiley,and Scopus,60 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the paper.Our review clarifies that looking forward,the call for a comprehensive understanding of economic violence,enhanced legal frameworks,and the strengthening of supportive networks underscore the multidisciplinary approach required to combat this issue effectively.展开更多
This study examined how exploitative leadership undermines employees’experience of flow with work role overload and traditionalist values.Data were collected from 361 staff members across diverse industries in China(...This study examined how exploitative leadership undermines employees’experience of flow with work role overload and traditionalist values.Data were collected from 361 staff members across diverse industries in China(females=58.17%,mean age=32.14,SD=5.83).Structural equation modeling results indicated that exploitative leadership reduces employees’work-related flow via increased role overload.Furthermore,employees’traditionality level moderates the exploitative leadership effects on role overload.Specifically,employees with higher traditionality reported lower role overload when experiencing exploitative leadership,suggesting that cultural values may buffer its negative impact.This study contributes to understanding the mechanism and contextual factors linking exploitative leadership to work-related flow,filling a gap in the literature.Organizations are encouraged to reduce exploitative leadership behaviors through leadership development programs and to consider employees’value orientations when designing work environments.展开更多
Heuristic optimization algorithms have been widely used in solving complex optimization problems in various fields such as engineering,economics,and computer science.These algorithms are designed to find high-quality ...Heuristic optimization algorithms have been widely used in solving complex optimization problems in various fields such as engineering,economics,and computer science.These algorithms are designed to find high-quality solutions efficiently by balancing exploration of the search space and exploitation of promising solutions.While heuristic optimization algorithms vary in their specific details,they often exhibit common patterns that are essential to their effectiveness.This paper aims to analyze and explore common patterns in heuristic optimization algorithms.Through a comprehensive review of the literature,we identify the patterns that are commonly observed in these algorithms,including initialization,local search,diversity maintenance,adaptation,and stochasticity.For each pattern,we describe the motivation behind it,its implementation,and its impact on the search process.To demonstrate the utility of our analysis,we identify these patterns in multiple heuristic optimization algorithms.For each case study,we analyze how the patterns are implemented in the algorithm and how they contribute to its performance.Through these case studies,we show how our analysis can be used to understand the behavior of heuristic optimization algorithms and guide the design of new algorithms.Our analysis reveals that patterns in heuristic optimization algorithms are essential to their effectiveness.By understanding and incorporating these patterns into the design of new algorithms,researchers can develop more efficient and effective optimization algorithms.展开更多
Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources theory,this study investigated the relationship between proactive personality and strengths use,as well as the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role ...Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources theory,this study investigated the relationship between proactive personality and strengths use,as well as the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of exploitative leadership within this relationship.Data were collected from 368 employees(females=57.61%;mean age=32.35;SD=6.31)working in various organizations in China at two points in time with a two-week interval.We conducted structural equation modeling and a moderated mediation path analysis to test our hypotheses.The results demonstrated that proactive personality is positively related to strengths use and psychological safety partially mediates the association of proactive personality and strengths use.Furthermore,this study also found that exploitative leadership weakens the direct relationship between proactive personality and psychological safety and the indirect relationship of proactive personality with strengths use through psychological safety.This study identified the underlying mechanisms between proactive personality and strengths use.展开更多
Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural count...Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season,the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction,and the maintenance of sex-specific differences,remain less understood.Using an urban exploiter,the Eurasian tree sparrow(ETS;Passer montanus),we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage.Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs,characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and total cholesterol,alongside lower levels of triglycerides,glucose(Glu),and fat content(FC).No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers.Additionally,both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers,unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males.Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization,likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments.Furthermore,sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.展开更多
Depressurization and heat injection are viewed as the main methods to be used in natural gas hydrate(NGH)exploitation.However,these methods have limitations,such as low energy-utilization efficiency or a limited extra...Depressurization and heat injection are viewed as the main methods to be used in natural gas hydrate(NGH)exploitation.However,these methods have limitations,such as low energy-utilization efficiency or a limited extraction range,and are still far from commercial exploitation.In this work,we propose a potential commercial method to exploit NGHs by effectively using geothermal energy inside deep reservoirs.Specifically,a loop well structure is designed to economically extract geothermal energy.Based on an analysis of our developed model,when the looping well is coupled with depressurization,the profits of high NGH production can surpass the drilling costs of extracting geothermal energy.Moreover,as the temperature of fluids from the geothermal layer exceeds 62℃,the fluid heat is mainly consumed by the rock matrix of the hydrate formation,instead of promoting NGH dissociation.Based on this threshold temperature,a loop well drilled to a depth of about 4000 m for hydrate sediment in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea would be able to efficiently extract geothermal energy,leading to an approximate73%increase in gas production in comparison with conventional depressurization.An economic analysis suggests that our proposed method can reduce the exploitation cost of methane to 0.46 USD·m^(-3).Furthermore,as the hydrate saturation increases to 0.5,the exploitation cost can be further reduced to 0.14 USD·m^(-3).Overall,a looping well coupled with geothermal energy and depressurization is expected to pave the way for commercial NGH exploitation.展开更多
The permeability of rocks is of utmost importance in the exploitation of deep geological resources.Current characterizations of rock permeability typically consider the influence of either pores or fractures alone.How...The permeability of rocks is of utmost importance in the exploitation of deep geological resources.Current characterizations of rock permeability typically consider the influence of either pores or fractures alone.However,deep reservoir rock formations are subjected to complex environments with coupling of high temperature and stress.As a result,deep reservoir rocks possess a complex structure comprising of pores and fractures,making it challenging to understand their impact on permeability.Comprehending this relationship is vital for the secure and efficient exploitation of deep geological resources.This study presents a permeability calculation model that enables simultaneously quantify the impacts of pore and fracture with full feature size.The model independently considers large-scale fractures’fractal properties and tortuosity while also addressing the distribution and size of small-scale pores.A tortuosity expression that incorporates the effects of thermal damage has been developed using the pore geometric elasticity method.Considering the distinct contributions of pores and fractures to rock permeability,a comprehensive rock permeability calculation model is established.This model has two main strengths:it thoroughly characterizes the influence of pore structures on permeability at multiple scales and precisely details how fractal attributes of fractures affect permeability.To validate the applicability of the model,this study conducted seepage experiments and microscopic observations,capturing the variations in permeability under thermo-mechanical coupling,while quantifying the geometric characteristics and spatial distribution of pores and fractures within the rock.By comparing the measured permeability results,the theoretical values demonstrated a commendable fit.In comparison to previous models,this innovative approach more accurately captures various flow characteristics of the rock under the influence of thermo-mechanical coupling.展开更多
Exploring dynamic mechanical responses and failure behaviors of hot dry rock(HDR)is significant for geothermal exploitation and stability assessment.In this study,via the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system,a ser...Exploring dynamic mechanical responses and failure behaviors of hot dry rock(HDR)is significant for geothermal exploitation and stability assessment.In this study,via the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system,a series of dynamic compression tests were conducted on granite treated by cyclic thermal shocks at different temperatures.We analyzed the effects of cyclic thermal shock on the thermal-related physical and dynamic mechanical behaviors of granite.Specifically,the P-wave velocity,dynamic strength,and elastic modulus of the tested granite decrease with increasing temperature and cycle number,while porosity and peak strain increase.The degradation law of dynamic mechanical properties could be described by a cubic polynomial.Cyclic thermal shock promotes shear cracks propagation,causing dynamic failure mode of granite to transition from splitting to tensile-shear composite failure,accompanied by surface spalling and debris splashing.Moreover,the thermal shock damage evolution and coupled failure mechanism of tested granite are discussed.The evolution of thermal shock damage with thermal shock cycle numbers shows an obvious S-shaped surface,featured by an exponential correlation with dynamic mechanical parameters.In addition,with increasing thermal shock temperature and cycles,granite mineral species barely change,but the length and width of thermal cracks increase significantly.The non-uniform expansion of minerals,thermal shock-induced cracking,and water-rock interaction are primary factors for deteriorating dynamic mechanical properties of granite under cyclic thermal shock.展开更多
文摘The exploitable heap layouts are used to determine the exploitability of heap vulnerabilities in general-purpose applications.Prior studies have focused on using fuzzing-based methods to generate more exploitable heap layouts.However,the exploitable heap layout cannot fully demonstrate the exploitability of a vulnerability,as it is uncertain whether the attacker can control the data covered by the overflow.In this paper,we propose the Heap Overflow Exploitability Evaluator(Hoee),a new approach to automatically reveal the exploitability of heap buffer overflow vulnerabilities by evaluating proof-of-concepts(PoCs)generated by fuzzers.Hoee leverages several techniques to collect dynamic information at runtime and recover heap object layouts in a fine-grained manner.The overflow context is carefully analyzed to determine whether the sensitive pointer is corrupted,tainted,or critically used.We evaluate Hoee on 34 real-world CVE vulnerabilities from 16 general-purpose programs.The results demonstrate that Hoee accurately identifies the key factors for developing exploits in vulnerable contexts and correctly recognizes the behavior of overflow.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1306700)the Key Project of Basic Research of Yunnan Province,China(202301AS070001)the Regional Innovative Development Joint Fund of NSFC(U23A20149).
文摘The global burden of cancer,with over 19 million new cases annually,underscores the urgent need for effective therapies.Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin(CPT),a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species.Despite its significantpharmaceutical value,the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution(TPSWD),particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies,presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status.Furthermore,the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation.The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa,along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved,further hampers sustainable production.Here,we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes,focusing on their plant resources,active ingredients,and natural drug derivatives.We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes,including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices.Finally,we propose future directions to address conservation challenges,ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.
基金CHINA POSTDOCTORAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION(Grant No.2025M771925)Young Scientists Fund(C Class)(Grant No.32501636)Special Fund of Fundamental Scientific Research Business Expense for Higher School of Central Government(Grant No.2572025JT04).
文摘This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called the Gekko japonicus algorithm.The algo-rithm draws inspiration mainly from the predation strategies and survival behaviors of the Gekko japonicus.The math-ematical model is developed by simulating various biological behaviors of the Gekko japonicus,such as hybrid loco-motion patterns,directional olfactory guidance,implicit group advantage tendencies,and the tail autotomy mechanism.By integrating multi-stage mutual constraints and dynamically adjusting parameters,GJA maintains an optimal balance between global exploration and local exploitation,thereby effectively solving complex optimization problems.To assess the performance of GJA,comparative analyses were performed against fourteen state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms using the CEC2017 and CEC2022 benchmark test sets.Additionally,a Friedman test was performed on the experimen-tal results to assess the statistical significance of differences between various algorithms.And GJA was evaluated using multiple qualitative indicators,further confirming its superiority in exploration and exploitation.Finally,GJA was utilized to solve four engineering optimization problems and further implemented in robotic path planning to verify its practical applicability.Experimental results indicate that,compared to other high-performance algorithms,GJA demonstrates excep-tional performance as a powerful optimization algorithm in complex optimization problems.We make the code publicly available at:https://github.com/zhy1109/Gekko-japonicusalgorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52104018,52274030)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Innovation Foundation(No.2024DQ02-0303)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)14th Five-Year Plan Major Strategic Scientific and Technological Project for Prospective and Fundamental Research(2024DJ86).
文摘Carbonate gas reservoirs are often characterized by strong heterogeneity,complex inter-well connectivity,extensive edge or bottom water,and unbalanced production,challenges that are also common in many heterogeneous gas reservoirs with intricate storage and flow behavior.To address these issues within a unified,data-driven framework,this study develops a multi-block material balance model that accounts for inter-block flow and aquifer influx,and is applicable to a wide range of reservoir types.The model incorporates inter-well and well-group conductive connectivity together with pseudo–steady-state aquifer support.The governing equations are solved using a Newton–Raphson scheme,while particle swarm optimization is employed to estimate formation pressures,inter-well connectivity,and effective aquifer volumes.An unbalanced exploitation factor,UEF,is introduced to quantify production imbalance and to guide development optimization.Validation using a synthetic reservoir model demonstrates that the approach accurately reproduces pressure evolution,crossflow behavior,and water influx.Application to a representative case(the Longwangmiao)field further confirms its robustness under highly heterogeneous conditions,achieving a 12.9%reduction in UEF through optimized production allocation.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XJ2025001701)。
文摘As mining depth increases,the temperature of the surrounding rock rises,drawing global attention to the potential for geothermal energy extraction from high-temperature water stored in collapsed rock masses-a prospect that offers both promise and challenges.In response,this study proposes a functional backfilling method using mining solid waste to construct a high-porosity heat extraction space.The research integrates experiments,theoretical analysis,and simulations to examine the mechanical and permeability properties of solid waste backfill materials.It further aims to elucidate how flow velocity and initial temperature influence the evolution of the temperature field and the thermal performance.Results indicate that the backfill material achieves optimal mechanical strength with a glass fiber content of 10‰ and a length of 6 mm.Furthermore,the permeability of the solid waste backfill demonstrates a quadratic relationship with both axial and confining pressure.During the recovery stage,the temperature in the heat extraction space remains lower than that of the surrounding rock,with geothermal energy being extracted via convective heat transfer between the water medium and the rock.The amount of heat extracted shows a positive correlation with the flow velocity of the water medium and a negative correlation with its initial temperature.
文摘In this study,a completely different approach to optimization is introduced through the development of a novel metaheuristic algorithm called the Barber Optimization Algorithm(BaOA).Inspired by the human interactions between barbers and customers,BaOA captures two key processes:the customer’s selection of a hairstyle and the detailed refinement during the haircut.These processes are translated into a mathematical framework that forms the foundation of BaOA,consisting of two critical phases:exploration,representing the creative selection process,and exploitation,which focuses on refining details for optimization.The performance of BaOA is evaluated using 52 standard benchmark functions,including unimodal,high-dimensional multimodal,fixed-dimensional multimodal,and the Congress on Evolutionary Computation(CEC)2017 test suite.This comprehensive assessment highlights BaOA’s ability to balance exploration and exploitation effectively,resulting in high-quality solutions.A comparative analysis against twelve widely known metaheuristic algorithms further demonstrates BaOA’s superior performance,as it consistently delivers better results across most benchmark functions.To validate its real-world applicability,BaOA is tested on four engineering design problems,illustrating its capability to address practical challenges with remarkable efficiency.The results confirm BaOA’s versatility and reliability as an optimization tool.This study not only introduces an innovative algorithm but also establishes its effectiveness in solving complex problems,providing a foundation for future research and applications in diverse scientific and engineering domains.
文摘BACKGROUND Economic violence is a type of domestic violence in which an intimate partner attempts to oppress,restrict,or direct a female by exercising control over her financial resources.AIM To explore the impact of economic abuse on individual work performance and clarify the effective factors on financial exploitation among physicians and nurses.METHODS The study has a cross-sectional design,and 305 married,female physicians and nurses working in a university hospital were included.Data was collected with demographic characteristics forms,“Revised Scale of Economic Abuse”and“Individual Work Performance Questionnaire”.Pearson correlation,comparative analyses,and internal consistency reliability tests were used.RESULTS The average age was 39.04±9.41.Among the respondents 69.2%were nurses and 63.9%held a bachelor’s degree.The mean score for the Revised Scale of Economic Abuse was 2.80±4.73 while it was 3.86±0.60 for the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire.CONCLUSION Our study revealed no relationship between economic abuse and individual work performance,confirming that nurses are exposed to more economic abuse and exploitation than physicians and exhibit higher work performance.
文摘Padma was 17 when the democratic reform was introduced in Xizang in 1959.Before the reform,the region had been ruled by feudal serfdom under a theocracy for centuries.Nearly one million serfs were subjected to estate-holders'cruel exploitation and oppression.Padma was one of them.
文摘This paper introduces a novel optimization approach called Recuperated Seed Search Optimization(RSSO),designed to address challenges in solving mechanical engineering design problems.Many optimization techniques struggle with slow convergence and suboptimal solutions due to complex,nonlinear natures.The Sperm Swarm Optimization(SSO)algorithm,which mimics the sperm’s movement to reach an egg,is one such technique.To improve SSO,researchers combined it with three strategies:opposition-based learning(OBL),Cauchy mutation(CM),and position clamping.OBL introduces diversity to SSO by exploring opposite solutions,speeding up convergence.CM enhances both exploration and exploitation capabilities throughout the optimization process.This combined approach,RSSO,has been rigorously tested on standard benchmark functions,real-world engineering problems,and through statistical analysis(Wilcoxon test).The results demonstrate that RSSO significantly outperforms other optimization algorithms,achieving faster convergence and better solutions.The paper details the RSSO algorithm,discusses its implementation,and presents comparative results that validate its effectiveness in solving complex engineering design challenges.
基金Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering,Grant/Award Number:DESEYU202303Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:DUT24GJ205。
文摘The geothermal resources in hot dry rock(HDR)are considered the future trend in geothermal energy extraction due to their abundant reserves.However,exploitation of the resources is fraught with complexity and technical challenges arising from their unique characteristics of high temperature,high strength,and low permeability.With the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,intelligent algorithms such as machine learning and evolutionary algorithms are gradually replacing or assisting traditional research methods,providing new solutions for HDR geothermal resource exploitation.This study first provides an overview of HDR geothermal resource exploitation technologies and AI methods.Then,the latest research progress is systematically reviewed in AI applications in HDR geothermal reservoir characterization,deep drilling,heat production,and operational parameter optimization.Additionally,this study discusses the potential limitations of AI methods in HDR geothermal resource exploitation and highlights the corresponding opportunities for AI's application.Notably,the study proposes the framework of an intelligent HDR exploitation system,offering a valuable reference for future research and practice.
文摘Economic violence is a form of domestic violence that extends beyond physical harm,affecting victims’economic stability and independence.This situation perpetuates gender inequality and also reinforces the cycle of gender-based violence.With definitions of economic violence broadening to encompass a range of coercive and manipulative behaviors-from financial abuse in domestic violence scenarios to the economic harassment faced by stay-at-home moms-understanding this form of exploitation is crucial for crafting effective interventions.This article aims to delve into various facets of economic violence,including its definition,prevalence,and the stark realities it creates for its victims.Following the search of international databases:Social Work Abstracts(EBSCO),Psychology Abstracts,Family and Women Studies Worldwide,Psychiatry Online,Psych INFO(including Psych ARTICLES),PubMed,Wiley,and Scopus,60 peer-reviewed articles that met all inclusion criteria were included in the paper.Our review clarifies that looking forward,the call for a comprehensive understanding of economic violence,enhanced legal frameworks,and the strengthening of supportive networks underscore the multidisciplinary approach required to combat this issue effectively.
文摘This study examined how exploitative leadership undermines employees’experience of flow with work role overload and traditionalist values.Data were collected from 361 staff members across diverse industries in China(females=58.17%,mean age=32.14,SD=5.83).Structural equation modeling results indicated that exploitative leadership reduces employees’work-related flow via increased role overload.Furthermore,employees’traditionality level moderates the exploitative leadership effects on role overload.Specifically,employees with higher traditionality reported lower role overload when experiencing exploitative leadership,suggesting that cultural values may buffer its negative impact.This study contributes to understanding the mechanism and contextual factors linking exploitative leadership to work-related flow,filling a gap in the literature.Organizations are encouraged to reduce exploitative leadership behaviors through leadership development programs and to consider employees’value orientations when designing work environments.
文摘Heuristic optimization algorithms have been widely used in solving complex optimization problems in various fields such as engineering,economics,and computer science.These algorithms are designed to find high-quality solutions efficiently by balancing exploration of the search space and exploitation of promising solutions.While heuristic optimization algorithms vary in their specific details,they often exhibit common patterns that are essential to their effectiveness.This paper aims to analyze and explore common patterns in heuristic optimization algorithms.Through a comprehensive review of the literature,we identify the patterns that are commonly observed in these algorithms,including initialization,local search,diversity maintenance,adaptation,and stochasticity.For each pattern,we describe the motivation behind it,its implementation,and its impact on the search process.To demonstrate the utility of our analysis,we identify these patterns in multiple heuristic optimization algorithms.For each case study,we analyze how the patterns are implemented in the algorithm and how they contribute to its performance.Through these case studies,we show how our analysis can be used to understand the behavior of heuristic optimization algorithms and guide the design of new algorithms.Our analysis reveals that patterns in heuristic optimization algorithms are essential to their effectiveness.By understanding and incorporating these patterns into the design of new algorithms,researchers can develop more efficient and effective optimization algorithms.
基金supported by Youth Foundation of Beijing Wuzi University(Grant No.2024XJQN26).
文摘Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources theory,this study investigated the relationship between proactive personality and strengths use,as well as the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of exploitative leadership within this relationship.Data were collected from 368 employees(females=57.61%;mean age=32.35;SD=6.31)working in various organizations in China at two points in time with a two-week interval.We conducted structural equation modeling and a moderated mediation path analysis to test our hypotheses.The results demonstrated that proactive personality is positively related to strengths use and psychological safety partially mediates the association of proactive personality and strengths use.Furthermore,this study also found that exploitative leadership weakens the direct relationship between proactive personality and psychological safety and the indirect relationship of proactive personality with strengths use through psychological safety.This study identified the underlying mechanisms between proactive personality and strengths use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31971413)to D.L.
文摘Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season,the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction,and the maintenance of sex-specific differences,remain less understood.Using an urban exploiter,the Eurasian tree sparrow(ETS;Passer montanus),we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage.Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs,characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and total cholesterol,alongside lower levels of triglycerides,glucose(Glu),and fat content(FC).No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers.Additionally,both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers,unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males.Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization,likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments.Furthermore,sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101,51991360,and U21B2069)。
文摘Depressurization and heat injection are viewed as the main methods to be used in natural gas hydrate(NGH)exploitation.However,these methods have limitations,such as low energy-utilization efficiency or a limited extraction range,and are still far from commercial exploitation.In this work,we propose a potential commercial method to exploit NGHs by effectively using geothermal energy inside deep reservoirs.Specifically,a loop well structure is designed to economically extract geothermal energy.Based on an analysis of our developed model,when the looping well is coupled with depressurization,the profits of high NGH production can surpass the drilling costs of extracting geothermal energy.Moreover,as the temperature of fluids from the geothermal layer exceeds 62℃,the fluid heat is mainly consumed by the rock matrix of the hydrate formation,instead of promoting NGH dissociation.Based on this threshold temperature,a loop well drilled to a depth of about 4000 m for hydrate sediment in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea would be able to efficiently extract geothermal energy,leading to an approximate73%increase in gas production in comparison with conventional depressurization.An economic analysis suggests that our proposed method can reduce the exploitation cost of methane to 0.46 USD·m^(-3).Furthermore,as the hydrate saturation increases to 0.5,the exploitation cost can be further reduced to 0.14 USD·m^(-3).Overall,a looping well coupled with geothermal energy and depressurization is expected to pave the way for commercial NGH exploitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52192625,52174082,and U22A20166)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025B1515020039)+3 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(No.2023YFF0723200)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCYX20221008092903013)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams(No.2019ZT08G315)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1593).
文摘The permeability of rocks is of utmost importance in the exploitation of deep geological resources.Current characterizations of rock permeability typically consider the influence of either pores or fractures alone.However,deep reservoir rock formations are subjected to complex environments with coupling of high temperature and stress.As a result,deep reservoir rocks possess a complex structure comprising of pores and fractures,making it challenging to understand their impact on permeability.Comprehending this relationship is vital for the secure and efficient exploitation of deep geological resources.This study presents a permeability calculation model that enables simultaneously quantify the impacts of pore and fracture with full feature size.The model independently considers large-scale fractures’fractal properties and tortuosity while also addressing the distribution and size of small-scale pores.A tortuosity expression that incorporates the effects of thermal damage has been developed using the pore geometric elasticity method.Considering the distinct contributions of pores and fractures to rock permeability,a comprehensive rock permeability calculation model is established.This model has two main strengths:it thoroughly characterizes the influence of pore structures on permeability at multiple scales and precisely details how fractal attributes of fractures affect permeability.To validate the applicability of the model,this study conducted seepage experiments and microscopic observations,capturing the variations in permeability under thermo-mechanical coupling,while quantifying the geometric characteristics and spatial distribution of pores and fractures within the rock.By comparing the measured permeability results,the theoretical values demonstrated a commendable fit.In comparison to previous models,this innovative approach more accurately captures various flow characteristics of the rock under the influence of thermo-mechanical coupling.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52225904 and 52039007)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2023NSFSC0377)supported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Exploring dynamic mechanical responses and failure behaviors of hot dry rock(HDR)is significant for geothermal exploitation and stability assessment.In this study,via the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system,a series of dynamic compression tests were conducted on granite treated by cyclic thermal shocks at different temperatures.We analyzed the effects of cyclic thermal shock on the thermal-related physical and dynamic mechanical behaviors of granite.Specifically,the P-wave velocity,dynamic strength,and elastic modulus of the tested granite decrease with increasing temperature and cycle number,while porosity and peak strain increase.The degradation law of dynamic mechanical properties could be described by a cubic polynomial.Cyclic thermal shock promotes shear cracks propagation,causing dynamic failure mode of granite to transition from splitting to tensile-shear composite failure,accompanied by surface spalling and debris splashing.Moreover,the thermal shock damage evolution and coupled failure mechanism of tested granite are discussed.The evolution of thermal shock damage with thermal shock cycle numbers shows an obvious S-shaped surface,featured by an exponential correlation with dynamic mechanical parameters.In addition,with increasing thermal shock temperature and cycles,granite mineral species barely change,but the length and width of thermal cracks increase significantly.The non-uniform expansion of minerals,thermal shock-induced cracking,and water-rock interaction are primary factors for deteriorating dynamic mechanical properties of granite under cyclic thermal shock.
