This study examines the performance of integration methods for hybrid simulation of large and complex structural systems in the context of structural collapse due to seismic excitations. The target application is not ...This study examines the performance of integration methods for hybrid simulation of large and complex structural systems in the context of structural collapse due to seismic excitations. The target application is not necessarily for real-time testing, but rather for models that involve large-scale physical sub-structures and highly nonlinear numerical models. Four case studies are presented and discussed. In the first case study, the accuracy of integration schemes including two widely used methods, namely, modified version of the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iteration （iterative） and the operator-splitting （non-iterative） is examined through pure numerical simulations. The second case study presents the results of 10 hybrid simulations repeated with the two aforementioned integration methods considering various time steps and fixed-number of iterations for the iterative integration method. The physical sub-structure in these tests consists of a single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） cantilever column with replaceable steel coupons that provides repeatable highly- nonlinear behavior including fracture-type strength and stiffness degradations. In case study three, the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iterations is applied for hybrid simulations of a 1：2 scale steel moment frame that includes a relatively complex nonlinear numerical substructure. Lastly, a more complex numerical substructure is considered by constructing a nonlinear computational model of a moment frame coupled to a hybrid model ofa 1：2 scale steel gravity frame. The last two case studies are conducted on the same porotype structure and the selection of time steps and fixed number of iterations are closely examined in pre-test simulations. The generated unbalance forces is used as an index to track the equilibrium error and predict the accuracy and stability of the simulations.展开更多
Hybrid integration ofⅢ-Ⅴand ferroelectric materials is being broadly adopted to enhance functionalities in silicon photonic integrated circuits(PICs).Bonding and transfer printing have been the popular approaches fo...Hybrid integration ofⅢ-Ⅴand ferroelectric materials is being broadly adopted to enhance functionalities in silicon photonic integrated circuits(PICs).Bonding and transfer printing have been the popular approaches for integration of III–V gain media with silicon PICs.Similar approaches are also being considered for ferroelectrics to enable larger RF modulation bandwidths,higher linearity,lower optical loss integrated optical modulators on chip.In this paper,we review existing integration strategies ofⅢ-Ⅴmaterials and present a route towards hybrid integration of bothⅢ-Ⅴand ferroelectrics on the same chip.We show that adiabatic transformation of the optical mode between hybrid ferroelectric and silicon sections enables efficient transfer of optical modal energies for maximum overlap of the optical mode with the ferroelectric media,similar to approaches adopted to maximize optical overlap with the gain section,thereby reducing lasing thresholds for hybridⅢ-Ⅴintegration with silicon PICs.Preliminary designs are presented to enable a foundry compatible hybrid integration route of diverse functionalities on silicon PICs.展开更多
Finite element（FE） is a powerful tool and has been applied by investigators to real-time hybrid simulations（RTHSs）. This study focuses on the computational efficiency, including the computational time and accuracy...Finite element（FE） is a powerful tool and has been applied by investigators to real-time hybrid simulations（RTHSs）. This study focuses on the computational efficiency, including the computational time and accuracy, of numerical integrations in solving FE numerical substructure in RTHSs. First, sparse matrix storage schemes are adopted to decrease the computational time of FE numerical substructure. In this way, the task execution time（TET） decreases such that the scale of the numerical substructure model increases. Subsequently, several commonly used explicit numerical integration algorithms, including the central difference method（CDM）, the Newmark explicit method, the Chang method and the Gui-λ method, are comprehensively compared to evaluate their computational time in solving FE numerical substructure. CDM is better than the other explicit integration algorithms when the damping matrix is diagonal, while the Gui-λ（λ = 4） method is advantageous when the damping matrix is non-diagonal. Finally, the effect of time delay on the computational accuracy of RTHSs is investigated by simulating structure-foundation systems. Simulation results show that the influences of time delay on the displacement response become obvious with the mass ratio increasing, and delay compensation methods may reduce the relative error of the displacement peak value to less than 5% even under the large time-step and large time delay.展开更多
An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid in...An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.展开更多
Data-driven research on recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)has long faced the challenge of lacking a unified testing standard dataset,hindering accurate model evaluation and trust in predictive outcomes.This paper review...Data-driven research on recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)has long faced the challenge of lacking a unified testing standard dataset,hindering accurate model evaluation and trust in predictive outcomes.This paper reviews critical parameters influencing mechanical properties in 35 RAC studies,compiles four datasets encompassing these parameters,and compiles the performance and key findings of 77 published data-driven models.Baseline capability tests are conducted on the nine most used models.The paper also outlines advanced methodological frameworks for future RAC research,examining the principles and challenges of physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)and generative adversarial networks(GANs),and employs SHAP and PDP tools to interpret model behaviour and enhance transparency.Findings indicate a clear trend toward integrated systems,hybrid models,and advanced optimization strategies,with integrated tree-based models showing superior performance across various prediction tasks.Based on this comprehensive review,we offer a recommendation for future research on how AI can be effectively oriented in RAC studies to support practical deployment and build confidence in data-driven approaches.展开更多
Hybrid simulation is a powerful test method for evaluating the seismic performance of structural systems. This method makes it feasible that only critical components of a structure be experimentally tested. This paper...Hybrid simulation is a powerful test method for evaluating the seismic performance of structural systems. This method makes it feasible that only critical components of a structure be experimentally tested. This paper presents a newly proposed integration algorithm for seismic hybrid simulation which is aimed to extend its capabilities to a wide range of systems where existing methods encounter some limitations. In the proposed method, which is termed the variable time step （VTS） integration method, an implicit scheme is employed for hybrid simulation by eliminating the iterative phase on experimental element, the phase which is necessary in regular implicit applications. In order to study the effectiveness of the VTS method, a series of numerical investigations are conducted which show the successfulness of the VTS method in obtaining accurate, stable and converged responses. Then, in a comparative approach, the improved accuracy of the VTS method over commonly used integration methods is demonstrated. The stability of the VTS method is also studied and the results show that it provides conditional stability; however, its stability limit is well beyond the accuracy limit. The effect of time delay on the VTS method results is also investigated and it is shown that the VTS method is quite successful in handling this experimental error.展开更多
Flow birefringent method and its data processing was reviewed and a new hybrid method of flow birefringence and boundary integration was introduced. The basic equations and boundary conditions suitable to the hybrid m...Flow birefringent method and its data processing was reviewed and a new hybrid method of flow birefringence and boundary integration was introduced. The basic equations and boundary conditions suitable to the hybrid method were derived, and a comparison of the hybrid and other classical methods was given. Finally as an example, the flow in a step converging tube was analyzed by the given method.展开更多
Precise integration methods to solve structural dynamic responses and the corresponding time integration formula are composed of two parts： the multiplication of an exponential matrix with a vector and the integratio...Precise integration methods to solve structural dynamic responses and the corresponding time integration formula are composed of two parts： the multiplication of an exponential matrix with a vector and the integration term. The second term can be solved by the series solution. Two hybrid granularity parallel algorithms are designed, that is, the exponential matrix and the first term are computed by the fine-grained parallel algorithra and the second term is computed by the coarse-grained parallel algorithm. Numerical examples show that these two hybrid granularity parallel algorithms obtain higher speedup and parallel efficiency than two existing parallel algorithms.展开更多
Many engineering applications need to analyse the system dynamics on the macro and micro level,which results in a larger computational effort.An explicit-implicit asynchronous step algorithm is introduced to solve the...Many engineering applications need to analyse the system dynamics on the macro and micro level,which results in a larger computational effort.An explicit-implicit asynchronous step algorithm is introduced to solve the structural dynamics in multi-scale both the space domain and time domain.The discrete FEA model is partitioned into explicit and implicit parts using the nodal partition method.Multiple boundary node method is adopted to handle the interface coupled problem.In coupled region,the implicit Newmark coupled with an explicit predictor corrector Newmark whose predictive wave propagates into the implicit mesh.During the explicit subcycling process,the variables of boundary nodes are solved directly by dynamics equilibrium equation.The dissipation energy is dynamically determined in accordance with the energy balance checking.A cantilever beam and a building two numerical examples are proposed to verify that the method can greatly reduce the computing time while maintaining a high accuracy.展开更多
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are semiconductor nanocrystalswith diameters about 2 to 20 nm. At such nanoscales,the CQDs exhibit obvious quantum and dielectric confinementeffects[1]. The CQDs are usually composed of I...Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are semiconductor nanocrystalswith diameters about 2 to 20 nm. At such nanoscales,the CQDs exhibit obvious quantum and dielectric confinementeffects[1]. The CQDs are usually composed of II–VI, III–V,and IV–VI semiconductors fabricated by the low-cost wet chemicalsynthetic methods. The emission wavelengths of CQDs,which can be easily tuned by the sizes, shapes, and compositions,have already covered the whole range of the visible andnear-infrared (NIR) spectra (from 440 to 1530 nm). Owing tothe low-cost fabrications, high quantum yields (QYs^100%), tunableemission wavelengths, and outstanding stability, the solution-processable CQDs can act as the nanoscale buildingblocks with large gains, and they have attracted enormous attentionin the lasing applications in the past decade.展开更多
Chromosomal evolution is widely considered an important driver of speciation because it can promote the establishment of reproductive barriers.Karyotypic reorganization is also expected to affect the mea n phe no type...Chromosomal evolution is widely considered an important driver of speciation because it can promote the establishment of reproductive barriers.Karyotypic reorganization is also expected to affect the mea n phe no type,as well as its developme nt and patter ns of phenotypic in tegrati on,through processes such as variation in genetic linkage between quantitative trait loci or between regulatory regions and their targets.Here we explore the relationship between chromosomal evolution and phenotypic integration by analyzing a well-known house mouse parapatric contact zone between a highly derived Robertsonian(Rb)race(2n=22)and populations with standard karyotype(2n=40).Populations with hybrid karyotypes are scattered throughout the hybrid zone connecting the two parental races.Using mandible shape data and geometric morphometries,we test the hypothesis that patter ns of in tegration progressively diverge from the"normal"integration pattern observed in the standard race as they accumulate Rb fusions.We find that the main pattern of integration observed between the posterior and anterior part of the mandible can be largely attributed to allometry.We find no support for a gradual increase in divergence from normal patterns of integration as fusions accumulate.Surprisingly,however,we find that the derived Rb race(2n=22)has a distinct allometric trajectory compared with the standard race.Our results suggest that either individual fusions disproportionately affect patterns of integration or that there are mechanisms which"purge"extreme variants in hybrids(e.g.reduced fitness of hybrid shape).展开更多
In this work,a hybrid integrated optical transmitter module was designed and fabricated.A proton-exchanged Mach–Zehnder lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3))modulator chip was chosen to enhance the output extinction ratio.A fib...In this work,a hybrid integrated optical transmitter module was designed and fabricated.A proton-exchanged Mach–Zehnder lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3))modulator chip was chosen to enhance the output extinction ratio.A fiber was used to adjust the rotation of the polarization direction caused by the optical isolator.The whole optical path structure,including the laser chip,lens,fiber,and modulator chip,was simulated to achieve high optical output efficiency.After a series of process improvements,a module with an output extinction ratio of 34 dB and a bandwidth of 20.5 GHz(from 2 GHz)was obtained.The optical output efficiency of the whole module reached approximately 21%.The link performance of the module was also measured.展开更多
The real-time capability of integrated flight/propulsion optimal control （IFPOC） is studied. An appli- cation is proposed for IFPOC by combining the onboard hybrid aero-engine model with sequential quadratic pro- gr...The real-time capability of integrated flight/propulsion optimal control （IFPOC） is studied. An appli- cation is proposed for IFPOC by combining the onboard hybrid aero-engine model with sequential quadratic pro- gramming （SQP）. Firstly, a steady-state hybrid aero-engine model is designed in the whole flight envelope with a dramatic enhancement of real-time capability. Secondly, the aero-engine performance seeking control including the maximum thrust mode and the minimum fuel-consumption mode is performed by SQP. Finally, digital simu- lations for cruise and accelerating flight are carried out. Results show that the proposed method improves real- time capability considerably with satisfactory effectiveness of optimization.展开更多
Aim: To study the integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into sperm chromosomes in hepatitis B patients and the features of its integration. Methods: Sperm chromosomes of 14 subjects (5 healthy controls and 9 HB p...Aim: To study the integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into sperm chromosomes in hepatitis B patients and the features of its integration. Methods: Sperm chromosomes of 14 subjects (5 healthy controls and 9 HB patients, including 1 acute hepatitis B, 2 chronic active hepatitis B, 4 chronic persistent hepatitis B, 2 HBsAg chronic carriers with no clinical symptoms) were prepared using interspecific in vitro fertilization between zona-free hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to sperm chromosome spreads was carried out with biotin-labeled full length HBV DNA probe to detect the specific HBV DNA sequences in the sperm chromosomes. Results: Specific fluorescent signal spots for HBV DNA were seen in sperm chromosomes of one patient with chronic persistent hepatitis B. In 9(9/42) sperm chromosome complements containing fluorescent signal spots, one presented 5 obvious FISH spots and the others 2 to 4 signals. The fluorescence intensity showed significant difference among the signal spots. The distribution of signal sites among chromosomes seems to be random. Conclusion: HBV could integrate into human sperm chromosomes. Results suggest that the possibility of vertical transmission of HBV via the germ line to the next generation is present.展开更多
Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel is one of the common harmful algae species in coastal waters of the southeastern China.In this study,sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay(NPA-SH)was used to qu...Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel is one of the common harmful algae species in coastal waters of the southeastern China.In this study,sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay(NPA-SH)was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect P. globosa.Results showed that this method had good applicability and validity in analyzing the samples from laboratory cultures and from fields.The linear regression equation for P.globosa was obtained,and the lowest detection number of cells was 1.8×104 c...展开更多
The connection between production scheduling and transportation scheduling is getting closer in smart manufacturing system, and both of those problems are summarized as NP-hard problems. However, only a few studies ha...The connection between production scheduling and transportation scheduling is getting closer in smart manufacturing system, and both of those problems are summarized as NP-hard problems. However, only a few studies have considered them simultaneously. This paper solves the integrated production and transportation scheduling problem(IPTSP) in hybrid flow shops, which is an extension of the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem(HFSP). In addition to the production scheduling on machines, the transportation scheduling process on automated guided vehicles(AGVs)is considered as another optimization process. In this problem, the transfer tasks of jobs are performed by a certain number of AGVs. To solve it, we make some preparation(including the establishment of task pool, the new solution representation and the new solution evaluation), which can ensure that satisfactory solutions can be found efficiently while appropriately reducing the scale of search space. Then, an effective genetic tabu search algorithm is used to minimize the makespan. Finally, two groups of instances are designed and three types of experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is effective to solve the integrated production and transportation scheduling problem.展开更多
The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode...The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the existence of solutions for a nonlocal hybrid boundary value problem of Caputo fractional integro-differential equations. Our main result is based on a hybrid fixed point theorem for a sum...In this paper, we discuss the existence of solutions for a nonlocal hybrid boundary value problem of Caputo fractional integro-differential equations. Our main result is based on a hybrid fixed point theorem for a sum of three operators due to Dhage, and is well illustrated with the aid of an example.展开更多
An integrated system has been provided with a-Si/H solar cells as energy conversion device,NiCo_(2)O_(4)battery-supercapacitor hybrid(BSH)as energy storage device,and light emitting diodes(LEDs)as energy utilization d...An integrated system has been provided with a-Si/H solar cells as energy conversion device,NiCo_(2)O_(4)battery-supercapacitor hybrid(BSH)as energy storage device,and light emitting diodes(LEDs)as energy utilization device.By designing three-dimensional hierarchical NiCo_(2)O_(4)arrays as faradic electrode,with capacitive electrode of active carbon(AC),BSHs were assembled with energy density of 16.6 Wh kg^(-1),power density of 7285 W kg^(-1),long-term stability with 100%retention after 15,000 cycles,and rather low self-discharge.The NiCo_(2)O_(4)//AC BSH was charged to 1.6 V in 1 s by solar cells and acted as reliable sources for powering LEDs.The integrated system is rational for operation,having an overall efficiency of 8.1%with storage efficiency of 74.24%.The integrated system demonstrates a stable solar power conversion,outstanding energy storage behavior,and reliable light emitting.Our study offers a precious strategy to design a self-driven integrated system for highly efficient energy utilization.展开更多
Severe epidemic of false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke） Takahashi （teleomorph Villosiclava virens） has been reported in different parts of Asia and America. Different fungicides or bio-control agent...Severe epidemic of false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke） Takahashi （teleomorph Villosiclava virens） has been reported in different parts of Asia and America. Different fungicides or bio-control agents against false smut were applied at different times before heading on a susceptible rice variety Pu-6. A control efficiency as high as 91.92% was resulted from spraying 2.5% Wenquning, a suspension of Bacillus subtilis in solution of validamycin with 4.5 L/hm2 at 6 d before heading. Among the 186 hybrid rice screened in 2010, low significant correlations between the dates of full heading, rates of infected plants and panicles as well as the number of infected florets were found, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.2331 to 0.5212. However, significant difference in susceptibility coefficients was also found between the varieties which had the same dates of full heading. In the plot experiments to compare the susceptibility in 2011, the average rates of infected panicles of Yixiangyou 2168, Chuanxiangyou 3, Dexiang 4103, Yixiangyou 2115, Nei5you 317, Yangxinyou 1 were significantly lower than those of the control varieties Gangyou 725 and Gangyou 188 at the disease nursery located at Qionglai, Sichuan Province, China. When Neixiangyou 8156 and Nei5you 317 were sprayed with 2.5% Wenquning at 4.5 L/hm2 for two times at 6 d before and 1 d after heading, respectively, the control efficiencies of Nei5you 317 and Neixiangyou 8156 were respectively 100% and 82.24% compared to that of Gangyou 725. Satisfactory control effects had also obtained by single spray of 2.5% Wenquning at 4.5 L/hm2 at 5-6 d before heading. Therefore, less susceptible hybrid rice in combination with spraying Wenquning at 5-6 d before heading was suggested for the disease control in Sichuan Province, China.展开更多
基金National Science Foundation(NSF)under grant No.CMMI-0748111
文摘This study examines the performance of integration methods for hybrid simulation of large and complex structural systems in the context of structural collapse due to seismic excitations. The target application is not necessarily for real-time testing, but rather for models that involve large-scale physical sub-structures and highly nonlinear numerical models. Four case studies are presented and discussed. In the first case study, the accuracy of integration schemes including two widely used methods, namely, modified version of the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iteration （iterative） and the operator-splitting （non-iterative） is examined through pure numerical simulations. The second case study presents the results of 10 hybrid simulations repeated with the two aforementioned integration methods considering various time steps and fixed-number of iterations for the iterative integration method. The physical sub-structure in these tests consists of a single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） cantilever column with replaceable steel coupons that provides repeatable highly- nonlinear behavior including fracture-type strength and stiffness degradations. In case study three, the implicit Newmark with fixed-number of iterations is applied for hybrid simulations of a 1：2 scale steel moment frame that includes a relatively complex nonlinear numerical substructure. Lastly, a more complex numerical substructure is considered by constructing a nonlinear computational model of a moment frame coupled to a hybrid model ofa 1：2 scale steel gravity frame. The last two case studies are conducted on the same porotype structure and the selection of time steps and fixed number of iterations are closely examined in pre-test simulations. The generated unbalance forces is used as an index to track the equilibrium error and predict the accuracy and stability of the simulations.
文摘Hybrid integration ofⅢ-Ⅴand ferroelectric materials is being broadly adopted to enhance functionalities in silicon photonic integrated circuits(PICs).Bonding and transfer printing have been the popular approaches for integration of III–V gain media with silicon PICs.Similar approaches are also being considered for ferroelectrics to enable larger RF modulation bandwidths,higher linearity,lower optical loss integrated optical modulators on chip.In this paper,we review existing integration strategies ofⅢ-Ⅴmaterials and present a route towards hybrid integration of bothⅢ-Ⅴand ferroelectrics on the same chip.We show that adiabatic transformation of the optical mode between hybrid ferroelectric and silicon sections enables efficient transfer of optical modal energies for maximum overlap of the optical mode with the ferroelectric media,similar to approaches adopted to maximize optical overlap with the gain section,thereby reducing lasing thresholds for hybridⅢ-Ⅴintegration with silicon PICs.Preliminary designs are presented to enable a foundry compatible hybrid integration route of diverse functionalities on silicon PICs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51639006 and 51725901
文摘Finite element（FE） is a powerful tool and has been applied by investigators to real-time hybrid simulations（RTHSs）. This study focuses on the computational efficiency, including the computational time and accuracy, of numerical integrations in solving FE numerical substructure in RTHSs. First, sparse matrix storage schemes are adopted to decrease the computational time of FE numerical substructure. In this way, the task execution time（TET） decreases such that the scale of the numerical substructure model increases. Subsequently, several commonly used explicit numerical integration algorithms, including the central difference method（CDM）, the Newmark explicit method, the Chang method and the Gui-λ method, are comprehensively compared to evaluate their computational time in solving FE numerical substructure. CDM is better than the other explicit integration algorithms when the damping matrix is diagonal, while the Gui-λ（λ = 4） method is advantageous when the damping matrix is non-diagonal. Finally, the effect of time delay on the computational accuracy of RTHSs is investigated by simulating structure-foundation systems. Simulation results show that the influences of time delay on the displacement response become obvious with the mass ratio increasing, and delay compensation methods may reduce the relative error of the displacement peak value to less than 5% even under the large time-step and large time delay.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2015AA016902the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61435013 and 61405188the K.C.Wong Education Foundation
文摘An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.
文摘Data-driven research on recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)has long faced the challenge of lacking a unified testing standard dataset,hindering accurate model evaluation and trust in predictive outcomes.This paper reviews critical parameters influencing mechanical properties in 35 RAC studies,compiles four datasets encompassing these parameters,and compiles the performance and key findings of 77 published data-driven models.Baseline capability tests are conducted on the nine most used models.The paper also outlines advanced methodological frameworks for future RAC research,examining the principles and challenges of physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)and generative adversarial networks(GANs),and employs SHAP and PDP tools to interpret model behaviour and enhance transparency.Findings indicate a clear trend toward integrated systems,hybrid models,and advanced optimization strategies,with integrated tree-based models showing superior performance across various prediction tasks.Based on this comprehensive review,we offer a recommendation for future research on how AI can be effectively oriented in RAC studies to support practical deployment and build confidence in data-driven approaches.
文摘Hybrid simulation is a powerful test method for evaluating the seismic performance of structural systems. This method makes it feasible that only critical components of a structure be experimentally tested. This paper presents a newly proposed integration algorithm for seismic hybrid simulation which is aimed to extend its capabilities to a wide range of systems where existing methods encounter some limitations. In the proposed method, which is termed the variable time step （VTS） integration method, an implicit scheme is employed for hybrid simulation by eliminating the iterative phase on experimental element, the phase which is necessary in regular implicit applications. In order to study the effectiveness of the VTS method, a series of numerical investigations are conducted which show the successfulness of the VTS method in obtaining accurate, stable and converged responses. Then, in a comparative approach, the improved accuracy of the VTS method over commonly used integration methods is demonstrated. The stability of the VTS method is also studied and the results show that it provides conditional stability; however, its stability limit is well beyond the accuracy limit. The effect of time delay on the VTS method results is also investigated and it is shown that the VTS method is quite successful in handling this experimental error.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
文摘Flow birefringent method and its data processing was reviewed and a new hybrid method of flow birefringence and boundary integration was introduced. The basic equations and boundary conditions suitable to the hybrid method were derived, and a comparison of the hybrid and other classical methods was given. Finally as an example, the flow in a step converging tube was analyzed by the given method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60273048).
文摘Precise integration methods to solve structural dynamic responses and the corresponding time integration formula are composed of two parts： the multiplication of an exponential matrix with a vector and the integration term. The second term can be solved by the series solution. Two hybrid granularity parallel algorithms are designed, that is, the exponential matrix and the first term are computed by the fine-grained parallel algorithra and the second term is computed by the coarse-grained parallel algorithm. Numerical examples show that these two hybrid granularity parallel algorithms obtain higher speedup and parallel efficiency than two existing parallel algorithms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0201800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51475287 and No.11772192).
文摘Many engineering applications need to analyse the system dynamics on the macro and micro level,which results in a larger computational effort.An explicit-implicit asynchronous step algorithm is introduced to solve the structural dynamics in multi-scale both the space domain and time domain.The discrete FEA model is partitioned into explicit and implicit parts using the nodal partition method.Multiple boundary node method is adopted to handle the interface coupled problem.In coupled region,the implicit Newmark coupled with an explicit predictor corrector Newmark whose predictive wave propagates into the implicit mesh.During the explicit subcycling process,the variables of boundary nodes are solved directly by dynamics equilibrium equation.The dissipation energy is dynamically determined in accordance with the energy balance checking.A cantilever beam and a building two numerical examples are proposed to verify that the method can greatly reduce the computing time while maintaining a high accuracy.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0203500,2017YFF0206103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos91850103,11674014,61475005,11525414,1152790111134001)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No Z180015)
文摘Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are semiconductor nanocrystalswith diameters about 2 to 20 nm. At such nanoscales,the CQDs exhibit obvious quantum and dielectric confinementeffects[1]. The CQDs are usually composed of II–VI, III–V,and IV–VI semiconductors fabricated by the low-cost wet chemicalsynthetic methods. The emission wavelengths of CQDs,which can be easily tuned by the sizes, shapes, and compositions,have already covered the whole range of the visible andnear-infrared (NIR) spectra (from 440 to 1530 nm). Owing tothe low-cost fabrications, high quantum yields (QYs^100%), tunableemission wavelengths, and outstanding stability, the solution-processable CQDs can act as the nanoscale buildingblocks with large gains, and they have attracted enormous attentionin the lasing applications in the past decade.
基金the Ministry of Scientific Research and Education,Italy(MIUR).
文摘Chromosomal evolution is widely considered an important driver of speciation because it can promote the establishment of reproductive barriers.Karyotypic reorganization is also expected to affect the mea n phe no type,as well as its developme nt and patter ns of phenotypic in tegrati on,through processes such as variation in genetic linkage between quantitative trait loci or between regulatory regions and their targets.Here we explore the relationship between chromosomal evolution and phenotypic integration by analyzing a well-known house mouse parapatric contact zone between a highly derived Robertsonian(Rb)race(2n=22)and populations with standard karyotype(2n=40).Populations with hybrid karyotypes are scattered throughout the hybrid zone connecting the two parental races.Using mandible shape data and geometric morphometries,we test the hypothesis that patter ns of in tegration progressively diverge from the"normal"integration pattern observed in the standard race as they accumulate Rb fusions.We find that the main pattern of integration observed between the posterior and anterior part of the mandible can be largely attributed to allometry.We find no support for a gradual increase in divergence from normal patterns of integration as fusions accumulate.Surprisingly,however,we find that the derived Rb race(2n=22)has a distinct allometric trajectory compared with the standard race.Our results suggest that either individual fusions disproportionately affect patterns of integration or that there are mechanisms which"purge"extreme variants in hybrids(e.g.reduced fitness of hybrid shape).
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2201101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDB43000000Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park No.Z201100004020004。
文摘In this work,a hybrid integrated optical transmitter module was designed and fabricated.A proton-exchanged Mach–Zehnder lithium niobate(LiNbO_(3))modulator chip was chosen to enhance the output extinction ratio.A fiber was used to adjust the rotation of the polarization direction caused by the optical isolator.The whole optical path structure,including the laser chip,lens,fiber,and modulator chip,was simulated to achieve high optical output efficiency.After a series of process improvements,a module with an output extinction ratio of 34 dB and a bandwidth of 20.5 GHz(from 2 GHz)was obtained.The optical output efficiency of the whole module reached approximately 21%.The link performance of the module was also measured.
基金Supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2010ZB52011)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education(CXLX11-0213)the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Funding(NS2010055)~~
文摘The real-time capability of integrated flight/propulsion optimal control （IFPOC） is studied. An appli- cation is proposed for IFPOC by combining the onboard hybrid aero-engine model with sequential quadratic pro- gramming （SQP）. Firstly, a steady-state hybrid aero-engine model is designed in the whole flight envelope with a dramatic enhancement of real-time capability. Secondly, the aero-engine performance seeking control including the maximum thrust mode and the minimum fuel-consumption mode is performed by SQP. Finally, digital simu- lations for cruise and accelerating flight are carried out. Results show that the proposed method improves real- time capability considerably with satisfactory effectiveness of optimization.
文摘Aim: To study the integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into sperm chromosomes in hepatitis B patients and the features of its integration. Methods: Sperm chromosomes of 14 subjects (5 healthy controls and 9 HB patients, including 1 acute hepatitis B, 2 chronic active hepatitis B, 4 chronic persistent hepatitis B, 2 HBsAg chronic carriers with no clinical symptoms) were prepared using interspecific in vitro fertilization between zona-free hamster oocytes and human spermatozoa. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to sperm chromosome spreads was carried out with biotin-labeled full length HBV DNA probe to detect the specific HBV DNA sequences in the sperm chromosomes. Results: Specific fluorescent signal spots for HBV DNA were seen in sperm chromosomes of one patient with chronic persistent hepatitis B. In 9(9/42) sperm chromosome complements containing fluorescent signal spots, one presented 5 obvious FISH spots and the others 2 to 4 signals. The fluorescence intensity showed significant difference among the signal spots. The distribution of signal sites among chromosomes seems to be random. Conclusion: HBV could integrate into human sperm chromosomes. Results suggest that the possibility of vertical transmission of HBV via the germ line to the next generation is present.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2006AA09Z178,2001AA635090)the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.40706044)
文摘Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel is one of the common harmful algae species in coastal waters of the southeastern China.In this study,sandwich hybridization integrated with nuclease protection assay(NPA-SH)was used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect P. globosa.Results showed that this method had good applicability and validity in analyzing the samples from laboratory cultures and from fields.The linear regression equation for P.globosa was obtained,and the lowest detection number of cells was 1.8×104 c...
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFB1704603)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U21B2029 and 51825502)。
文摘The connection between production scheduling and transportation scheduling is getting closer in smart manufacturing system, and both of those problems are summarized as NP-hard problems. However, only a few studies have considered them simultaneously. This paper solves the integrated production and transportation scheduling problem(IPTSP) in hybrid flow shops, which is an extension of the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem(HFSP). In addition to the production scheduling on machines, the transportation scheduling process on automated guided vehicles(AGVs)is considered as another optimization process. In this problem, the transfer tasks of jobs are performed by a certain number of AGVs. To solve it, we make some preparation(including the establishment of task pool, the new solution representation and the new solution evaluation), which can ensure that satisfactory solutions can be found efficiently while appropriately reducing the scale of search space. Then, an effective genetic tabu search algorithm is used to minimize the makespan. Finally, two groups of instances are designed and three types of experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is effective to solve the integrated production and transportation scheduling problem.
基金funded by the Project “Resource Characteristics of Main Watersheds and Key Issues in Development and Utilization of Hydroelectricity in South America and Africa”the National Science Foundation of China (U1766201)
文摘The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.
文摘In this paper, we discuss the existence of solutions for a nonlocal hybrid boundary value problem of Caputo fractional integro-differential equations. Our main result is based on a hybrid fixed point theorem for a sum of three operators due to Dhage, and is well illustrated with the aid of an example.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51702284 and 21878270)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR19B060002)+5 种基金the Startup Foundation for Hundred-Talent Program of Zhejiang University(112100-193820101/001/022)the support of Shenzhen Science and Technology Project of China(JCYJ20170412105400428)the support of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR16F040001)Open Project of Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education,Zhejiang Universitythe support of Innovation Platform of Energy Storage Engineering and New Material in Zhejiang University(K19-534202-002)Provincial Innovation Team on Hydrogen Electric Hybrid Power Systems in Zhejiang Province
文摘An integrated system has been provided with a-Si/H solar cells as energy conversion device,NiCo_(2)O_(4)battery-supercapacitor hybrid(BSH)as energy storage device,and light emitting diodes(LEDs)as energy utilization device.By designing three-dimensional hierarchical NiCo_(2)O_(4)arrays as faradic electrode,with capacitive electrode of active carbon(AC),BSHs were assembled with energy density of 16.6 Wh kg^(-1),power density of 7285 W kg^(-1),long-term stability with 100%retention after 15,000 cycles,and rather low self-discharge.The NiCo_(2)O_(4)//AC BSH was charged to 1.6 V in 1 s by solar cells and acted as reliable sources for powering LEDs.The integrated system is rational for operation,having an overall efficiency of 8.1%with storage efficiency of 74.24%.The integrated system demonstrates a stable solar power conversion,outstanding energy storage behavior,and reliable light emitting.Our study offers a precious strategy to design a self-driven integrated system for highly efficient energy utilization.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest, China (Grant No. 200903039-5)the Sichuan Program for Major Crop, Poultry and Livestock Breeding, China (Grant No. 2012YZGG-25-3)
文摘Severe epidemic of false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke） Takahashi （teleomorph Villosiclava virens） has been reported in different parts of Asia and America. Different fungicides or bio-control agents against false smut were applied at different times before heading on a susceptible rice variety Pu-6. A control efficiency as high as 91.92% was resulted from spraying 2.5% Wenquning, a suspension of Bacillus subtilis in solution of validamycin with 4.5 L/hm2 at 6 d before heading. Among the 186 hybrid rice screened in 2010, low significant correlations between the dates of full heading, rates of infected plants and panicles as well as the number of infected florets were found, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.2331 to 0.5212. However, significant difference in susceptibility coefficients was also found between the varieties which had the same dates of full heading. In the plot experiments to compare the susceptibility in 2011, the average rates of infected panicles of Yixiangyou 2168, Chuanxiangyou 3, Dexiang 4103, Yixiangyou 2115, Nei5you 317, Yangxinyou 1 were significantly lower than those of the control varieties Gangyou 725 and Gangyou 188 at the disease nursery located at Qionglai, Sichuan Province, China. When Neixiangyou 8156 and Nei5you 317 were sprayed with 2.5% Wenquning at 4.5 L/hm2 for two times at 6 d before and 1 d after heading, respectively, the control efficiencies of Nei5you 317 and Neixiangyou 8156 were respectively 100% and 82.24% compared to that of Gangyou 725. Satisfactory control effects had also obtained by single spray of 2.5% Wenquning at 4.5 L/hm2 at 5-6 d before heading. Therefore, less susceptible hybrid rice in combination with spraying Wenquning at 5-6 d before heading was suggested for the disease control in Sichuan Province, China.
