A new approach is demonstrated in which soft experimentation can be performed for MMP measurements, thus replacing the common practice of slim tube displacement laboratory experiments. Recovery potential from oil rese...A new approach is demonstrated in which soft experimentation can be performed for MMP measurements, thus replacing the common practice of slim tube displacement laboratory experiments. Recovery potential from oil reservoirs by miscible flue gas injection was studied by slim tube and field-scale numerical simulation using two flue gases and seven crude oils sampled at different depths in three candidate reservoirs. The soft experimentations were conducted using Eclipse300<sup>TM</sup>, a three-phase compositional simulator. This study investigates minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), a significant miscible gas injection project screening tool. Successful design of the project is contingent to the accurate determination of the MMP. This study evaluates effects of important factors such as injection pressure, oil component composition, and injection gas composition on the MMP and recovery efficiency for slim tube and field-scale displacements. Two applicable MMP correlations were used for comparison and validation purposes.展开更多
Transactions of Nanjing University of Acronautics&Astronautics(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing intermational academic community.Emphasizing prompt and efective dissemination of key data and new scientific insi...Transactions of Nanjing University of Acronautics&Astronautics(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing intermational academic community.Emphasizing prompt and efective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights,TNUAA publishes experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics,astronautics and civil aviation.展开更多
Pathological scarring,manifested in the form of hypertrophic scars(HTS)and keloid scars(KS),represents a major clinical challenge due to its aesthetic and functional implications for patients.Understanding the molecul...Pathological scarring,manifested in the form of hypertrophic scars(HTS)and keloid scars(KS),represents a major clinical challenge due to its aesthetic and functional implications for patients.Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these types of scars and developing effective treatments requires the use of controlled ex-perimental models,especially animals,to overcome the limitations of clinical studies.The aim of this sistematic review is to critically analyze the animal models used in the last five years(2020-2025)for the study of pathological scars,highlighting their advantages,limitations and applicability in the development of new therapeutic strat-egies.Murine,rabbit and porcine models,as well as alternative models,offer varied perspectives on the formation and treatment of HTS and KS,with an emphasis on histological and molecular correlations with human pathology.By synthesizing recent data,the paper highlights the essential role of preclinical research in optimizing an-tifibrotic treatments and in advancing the translation of data into the clinical sphere.Overall,animal models remain essential for bridging mechanistic insights with clinical translation,supporting the development of more effective and personalized anti-scar therapies.展开更多
Heavy-ion collisions(HICs)is a unique experimental tool for investigating the properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions in the laboratory.At HIRFL-CSR energies,HICs can create nuclear matter with 2-3 times...Heavy-ion collisions(HICs)is a unique experimental tool for investigating the properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions in the laboratory.At HIRFL-CSR energies,HICs can create nuclear matter with 2-3 times the saturation density(ρ_(0)).The HIRFL-CSR external-target experiment(CEE)is a large-acceptance spectrometer designed to explore frontier topics in high-energy nuclear physics,such as the QCD phase structure and nuclear matter equation of states.In this letter,we introduce simulation and analysis software for the CEE experiment(CeeROOT).Based on the CEE conceptual design and CeeROOT software,the configurations of its subdetectors were optimized by considering foreseeable physical constraints.The final detector layout of the CEE spectrometer and its acceptances were validated through simulations of U+U collisions at 500 MeV/u and pp collisions at 2.8 GeV,which demonstrated that the CEE experiment will serve as a detector with wide acceptance and multi-particle identification capabilities for studying high-energy nuclear physics topics at HIRFL-CSR energies with pp,pA,and A A collisions.展开更多
The native thelytokous(TH)and arrhenotokous(AR)strains of Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)are promising biocontrol agents against the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Ge...The native thelytokous(TH)and arrhenotokous(AR)strains of Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)are promising biocontrol agents against the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae).This study assessed the performance and preferences of these strains in choice experiments involving five host instar ratios and evaluated their functional responses to seven densities of 1st instar larvae(5 to 40 hosts).In host-attacking behavior assays,an increasing proportion of 1st instar larvae led to a significant rise in host mortality rates for both strains.Both strains exhibited strong preferences for parasitizing and attacking 1st instar larvae over later instars,with the TH strain demonstrating significantly greater host-killing efficacy than the AR strain.Functional response experiments revealed that the attack rates of both strains were positively correlated with host density.Parasitism by both strains and host-stinging behavior by the TH strain showed type Ⅲ functional responses,while host-feeding by both strains and host-stinging by the AR strain followed type Ⅱ functional responses.Early establishment of the TH strain in tomato agroecosystems could enhance the management of T.absoluta.These findings provide critical insights into the functional dynamics of the TH and AR strains of N.formosa that can inform the development of effective biocontrol programs for this globally significant pest.展开更多
The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there rema...The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there remains a lack of simple,visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes.Here,we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect.Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt)placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp.When a magnetic field is applied to the flame,the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens,providing a clear,naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect.Furthermore,we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup,examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration.This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.展开更多
Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and com...Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and complex surgical and medico-legal challenges.These innovative treatments require that informed consent not be limited to simple acceptance of the medical procedure,but instead reflect a true relational and cognitive process grounded in understanding,free choice,and the ability to revoke consent at any time.In particular,it is essential that the patient understands the experimental nature of the therapy,its development stage,potential benefits and risks,as well as the implications for their health and personal dignity.In the case of stromal cell-based treatments,which may exert complex immunomodulatory effects or activate angiogenic pathways that are not yet fully understood,patients must be made fully aware that they are participating in a non-standardized therapy whose outcomes,whether beneficial or harmful,cannot yet be predicted with certainty.This requires particularly careful medical communication,using simple yet scientifically accurate explanations delivered in appropriate language,along with a final verification of the patient’s actual understanding.展开更多
Recovered samples of Jilin H5 chondrite experimentally shocked to 12-133 GPa were studied to explore the behavior of opaque minerals under shock loading using SEM-EDS,Raman spectroscopy,and TIMA.The following results ...Recovered samples of Jilin H5 chondrite experimentally shocked to 12-133 GPa were studied to explore the behavior of opaque minerals under shock loading using SEM-EDS,Raman spectroscopy,and TIMA.The following results were obtained.Firstly,at pressures lower than 53GPa,the opaque minerals still keep the unmelted state,while at 78 GPa and higher,FeNi metal and troilite form eutectic intergrowths occurring as disorderly fine veinlets filling the shock-induced fractures in silicate minerals.Secondly,single kamacite grains still maintain their contour at 12 GPa,but a part of brittle troilite grains was fragmented and squeezed into the shock-induced fractures within kamacite grains.At53 and 133 GPa,many more troilite fragments are poured in the kamacite interior to form disordered hybrid aggregates or to form squiggly strips,respectively.Similar phenomena are observed within single troilite grains,but the mineral squeezed into troilite grains is kamacite.Thirdly,chromite is a hard and refractory oxide mineral.When the shock pressure rises step by step from 12 to 133 GPa,the shock effect of chromite is only fragmentation.Its grain size decreases from tens of um at 53 GPa to a few um at 133 GPa.And,fourthly,native copper exhibits distinct redistribution behavior at high temperature.In Jilin samples shock-loaded to 12 GPa,copper initially located at troilite-kamacite interfaces partially transferred into small troilite grains containing fine FeNi particles.At 53 and 133 GPa,native copper preferentially transferred into larger troilite grains containing more particles of eutectic FeNi metal.展开更多
Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study invest...Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.展开更多
Submission.Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experiment...Submission.Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.展开更多
Space-filling designs with superior low-dimensional properties are highly required in computer experiments.Strong orthogonal arrays(SOAs)represent a class of such designs that outperform ordinary orthogonal arrays in ...Space-filling designs with superior low-dimensional properties are highly required in computer experiments.Strong orthogonal arrays(SOAs)represent a class of such designs that outperform ordinary orthogonal arrays in their stratification properties within low dimensions.Nevertheless,current methods for constructing high-strength SOAs are rare,and they typically rely on regular designs,thereby limiting the number of runs in the final arrays to prime powers.This study presents new construction methods for three types of SOAs:SOAs of strength three,column-orthogonal SOAs(OSOAs)of strength three and three minus.The resulting designs have run sizes of twice an odd prime power without replications,filling the gaps in run sizes left by existing constructions.The projection properties of Addelman–Kempthorne orthogonal arrays are instrumental in the development of these construction methods.展开更多
The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BM...The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.展开更多
Submission Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experiment...Submission Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.展开更多
Submission Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experiment...Submission Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.展开更多
Dissolution trapping is one of the most promising mechanisms for safe geological carbon storage.Density-driven convection substantially accelerates the conversion of free-phase CO_(2)to the dissolved state,enhancing t...Dissolution trapping is one of the most promising mechanisms for safe geological carbon storage.Density-driven convection substantially accelerates the conversion of free-phase CO_(2)to the dissolved state,enhancing the sequestration safety.Since this process occurs on time scales of hundreds to thousands of years,reproducing it through conventional laboratory physical model tests is challenging.The hypergravity experiment reduces the model size and shortens the experimental time,enabling the modeling of gravity-driven flow processes at the field scale.However,it is uncertain whether the preferential flow effect caused by fractures can be reproduced in a hypergravity experiment.In this study,a three-dimensional discrete fracture-matrix model(3D-DFM)was used to evaluate the feasibility of hypergravity experiment of the transport of dissolved CO_(2)in fractured reservoirs.Numerical hypergravity tests were performed to examine the feasibility of modeling density-driven convection in homogeneous and heterogeneous media at different centrifuge accelerations.The hypergravity experiment can be used to study density-driven convection of dissolved CO_(2)at the field scale in homogeneous system.The numerical results show that the hypergravity experiment enables a faster breakthrough of plume and overestimates CO_(2)migration in the matrix surrounding the fractures.展开更多
To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was struct...To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was structured around a project titled"Influenza Virus Analysis",comprising four progressive modules:database utilization and information retrieval,sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,functional and structural prediction,and omics data analysis.These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills.During implementation,flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed,alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation.Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students professional application skills,learning experience,and scientific literacy,facilitating a shift from"tool operation"to"problem-solving"capabilities.This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.展开更多
To simultaneously reduce flow-induced noise and enhance hydraulic performance in centrifugal pumps,this study proposes a bionic volute tongue inspired by the serrated trailing-edge morphology of the long-eared owl win...To simultaneously reduce flow-induced noise and enhance hydraulic performance in centrifugal pumps,this study proposes a bionic volute tongue inspired by the serrated trailing-edge morphology of the long-eared owl wing.Hydraulic performance and volute-induced noise are integrated into a unified evaluation framework,enabling multi-objective optimization of the tongue geometry.An orthogonal experimental design coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)and Computational Fluid Acoustics(CFA)is employed to systematically assess the influence of serration parameters.A matrix-based decision method is then used to identify the optimal configuration balancing efficiency,head,and acoustic performance.The optimized design reduces the area fraction of extremely high-velocity regions(>18 m/s)from 15.21% to 5.38%,corresponding to a 64.63% decrease,while the flow non-uniformity coefficientζis reduced by 26.1%.Under rated operating conditions,the pump head increases by 0.5 m,hydraulic efficiency improves by 5%,and volute-induced noise is reduced by approximately 5 dB.Flow-field analysis indicates that volute-induced noise is the dominant source of hydrodynamic noise,and that the serrated bionic tongue effectively suppresses its intensity.The noise reduction mechanism is attributed to improved rotor-stator interaction,decomposition of large-scale vortical structures,and delayed flow separation,which collectively reduce pressure pulsation at the rotor-stator interface.展开更多
The dynamic characteristics of the track system can directly affect its service performance and failure process.To explore the load characteristics and dynamic response of the track system under the dynamic loads from...The dynamic characteristics of the track system can directly affect its service performance and failure process.To explore the load characteristics and dynamic response of the track system under the dynamic loads from the rack vehicle in traction conditions,a systematic test of the track subsystem was carried out on a large-slope test line.In the test,the bending stress of the rack teeth,the wheel-rail forces,and the acceleration of crucial components in the track system were measured.Subsequently,a detailed analysis was conducted on the tested signals of the rack railway track system in the time domain and the time-frequency domains.The test results indicate that the traction force significantly affects the rack tooth bending stress and the wheel-rail forces.The vibrations of the track system under the traction conditions are mainly caused by the impacts generated from the gear-rack engagement,which are then transferred to the sleepers,the rails,and the ballast beds.Furthermore,both the maximum stress on the racks and the wheel-rail forces measured on the rails remain below their allowable values.This experimental study evaluates the load characteristics and reveals the vibration characteristics of the rack railway track system under the vehicle’s ultimate load,which is very important for the load-strengthening design of the key components such as racks and the vibration and noise reduction of the track system.展开更多
The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical thre...The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical threshold of 3.5×10^(4).This departure undermines the applicability of conventional similarity-based design approaches.In this study,micro radial-flow turbines with rotor diameters below 50 mm are investigated through a combined approach integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with experimental validation,aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which low Reynolds numbers influence aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance.The results demonstrate that decreasing Reynolds number leads to boundary-layer thickening on blade surfaces,enhanced flow separation on the suction side,and increased secondary-flow losses within the blade passages.These effects jointly produce a pronounced and non-linear deterioration of turbine efficiency.Geometric scaling analysis further indicates that efficiency losses intensify with decreasing turbine size,and become particularly severe at low rotational speeds and high expansion ratios.Detailed flow-field analyses reveal a direct link between the degradation of blade loading distribution and the amplification of transverse pressure gradients under low-Reynolds-number conditions,providing physical insight into the observed performance decline.展开更多
The Stern-Gerlach(SG)experiment is a fundamental experiment for revealing the existence of“spin”.In this experiment,beams of silver atoms are sent through inhomogeneous magnetic fields to observe their deflection.Th...The Stern-Gerlach(SG)experiment is a fundamental experiment for revealing the existence of“spin”.In this experiment,beams of silver atoms are sent through inhomogeneous magnetic fields to observe their deflection.Thus,the conventional SG experiment can be viewed as a magnetic-type spin effect.In this work,we successfully generalize the SG effect from magnetic-type to electric-type by solving Dirac's equation with a potential barrier,revealing an extraordinary spin effect.Beams of Dirac particles can be regarded as matter waves.Based on Dirac's equation,we obtain the explicit forms of the incident,reflected,and transmitted waves.The electric-type SG effect shows that the reflected and transmitted waves can exhibit notable spatial shifts,which depend on the spin direction and the incident angle of the wave.The electrictype SG effect has potential applications for separating Dirac particles with different spin directions and for estimating the spin direction of Dirac particles.Some discussions related to the interaction between spin and the electric field are also presented.展开更多
文摘A new approach is demonstrated in which soft experimentation can be performed for MMP measurements, thus replacing the common practice of slim tube displacement laboratory experiments. Recovery potential from oil reservoirs by miscible flue gas injection was studied by slim tube and field-scale numerical simulation using two flue gases and seven crude oils sampled at different depths in three candidate reservoirs. The soft experimentations were conducted using Eclipse300<sup>TM</sup>, a three-phase compositional simulator. This study investigates minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), a significant miscible gas injection project screening tool. Successful design of the project is contingent to the accurate determination of the MMP. This study evaluates effects of important factors such as injection pressure, oil component composition, and injection gas composition on the MMP and recovery efficiency for slim tube and field-scale displacements. Two applicable MMP correlations were used for comparison and validation purposes.
文摘Transactions of Nanjing University of Acronautics&Astronautics(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing intermational academic community.Emphasizing prompt and efective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights,TNUAA publishes experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics,astronautics and civil aviation.
基金Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CCCDI-UEFISCDI,Grant/Award Number:PN-IV-P7-7.1-PED-2024-1578,within PNCDI Ⅳ.
文摘Pathological scarring,manifested in the form of hypertrophic scars(HTS)and keloid scars(KS),represents a major clinical challenge due to its aesthetic and functional implications for patients.Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these types of scars and developing effective treatments requires the use of controlled ex-perimental models,especially animals,to overcome the limitations of clinical studies.The aim of this sistematic review is to critically analyze the animal models used in the last five years(2020-2025)for the study of pathological scars,highlighting their advantages,limitations and applicability in the development of new therapeutic strat-egies.Murine,rabbit and porcine models,as well as alternative models,offer varied perspectives on the formation and treatment of HTS and KS,with an emphasis on histological and molecular correlations with human pathology.By synthesizing recent data,the paper highlights the essential role of preclinical research in optimizing an-tifibrotic treatments and in advancing the translation of data into the clinical sphere.Overall,animal models remain essential for bridging mechanistic insights with clinical translation,supporting the development of more effective and personalized anti-scar therapies.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB34030000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11927901 and 12475133)+1 种基金the Youth Team Program in Basic Research Fields Stably Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YSBR-088)the Western Light Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Heavy-ion collisions(HICs)is a unique experimental tool for investigating the properties of nuclear matter under extreme conditions in the laboratory.At HIRFL-CSR energies,HICs can create nuclear matter with 2-3 times the saturation density(ρ_(0)).The HIRFL-CSR external-target experiment(CEE)is a large-acceptance spectrometer designed to explore frontier topics in high-energy nuclear physics,such as the QCD phase structure and nuclear matter equation of states.In this letter,we introduce simulation and analysis software for the CEE experiment(CeeROOT).Based on the CEE conceptual design and CeeROOT software,the configurations of its subdetectors were optimized by considering foreseeable physical constraints.The final detector layout of the CEE spectrometer and its acceptances were validated through simulations of U+U collisions at 500 MeV/u and pp collisions at 2.8 GeV,which demonstrated that the CEE experiment will serve as a detector with wide acceptance and multi-particle identification capabilities for studying high-energy nuclear physics topics at HIRFL-CSR energies with pp,pA,and A A collisions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2021YFD1400200 and 2017YFC1200600)the Yunnan Biodiversity Conservation Foundation Program,China(202301AT070485)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2021-2025-IAS and caas-zdrw202203)。
文摘The native thelytokous(TH)and arrhenotokous(AR)strains of Neochrysocharis formosa(Westwood)(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)are promising biocontrol agents against the invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae).This study assessed the performance and preferences of these strains in choice experiments involving five host instar ratios and evaluated their functional responses to seven densities of 1st instar larvae(5 to 40 hosts).In host-attacking behavior assays,an increasing proportion of 1st instar larvae led to a significant rise in host mortality rates for both strains.Both strains exhibited strong preferences for parasitizing and attacking 1st instar larvae over later instars,with the TH strain demonstrating significantly greater host-killing efficacy than the AR strain.Functional response experiments revealed that the attack rates of both strains were positively correlated with host density.Parasitism by both strains and host-stinging behavior by the TH strain showed type Ⅲ functional responses,while host-feeding by both strains and host-stinging by the AR strain followed type Ⅱ functional responses.Early establishment of the TH strain in tomato agroecosystems could enhance the management of T.absoluta.These findings provide critical insights into the functional dynamics of the TH and AR strains of N.formosa that can inform the development of effective biocontrol programs for this globally significant pest.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for support under grant No.12305037the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under grant No.2023NTST017。
文摘The Zeeman effect,a fundamental quantum phenomenon,demonstrates the interaction between magnetic fields and atomic systems.While precise spectroscopic measurements of this effect have advanced significantly,there remains a lack of simple,visually accessible demonstration for educational purposes.Here,we present a low-cost experiment that allows for direct visual observation of the Zeeman effect.Our setup involves a flame containing sodium(from table salt)placed in front of a sodium vapor lamp.When a magnetic field is applied to the flame,the shadow cast by the flame noticeably lightens,providing a clear,naked-eye demonstration of the Zeeman effect.Furthermore,we conduct two quantitative experiments using this setup,examining the effects of varying magnetic field strength and sodium concentration.This innovative approach not only enriches the experimental demonstration for teaching atomic physics at undergraduate and high school levels but also provides an open platform for students to explore the Zeeman effect through hands-on experience.
文摘Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and complex surgical and medico-legal challenges.These innovative treatments require that informed consent not be limited to simple acceptance of the medical procedure,but instead reflect a true relational and cognitive process grounded in understanding,free choice,and the ability to revoke consent at any time.In particular,it is essential that the patient understands the experimental nature of the therapy,its development stage,potential benefits and risks,as well as the implications for their health and personal dignity.In the case of stromal cell-based treatments,which may exert complex immunomodulatory effects or activate angiogenic pathways that are not yet fully understood,patients must be made fully aware that they are participating in a non-standardized therapy whose outcomes,whether beneficial or harmful,cannot yet be predicted with certainty.This requires particularly careful medical communication,using simple yet scientifically accurate explanations delivered in appropriate language,along with a final verification of the patient’s actual understanding.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,2023B1212060048,Xiande Xie。
文摘Recovered samples of Jilin H5 chondrite experimentally shocked to 12-133 GPa were studied to explore the behavior of opaque minerals under shock loading using SEM-EDS,Raman spectroscopy,and TIMA.The following results were obtained.Firstly,at pressures lower than 53GPa,the opaque minerals still keep the unmelted state,while at 78 GPa and higher,FeNi metal and troilite form eutectic intergrowths occurring as disorderly fine veinlets filling the shock-induced fractures in silicate minerals.Secondly,single kamacite grains still maintain their contour at 12 GPa,but a part of brittle troilite grains was fragmented and squeezed into the shock-induced fractures within kamacite grains.At53 and 133 GPa,many more troilite fragments are poured in the kamacite interior to form disordered hybrid aggregates or to form squiggly strips,respectively.Similar phenomena are observed within single troilite grains,but the mineral squeezed into troilite grains is kamacite.Thirdly,chromite is a hard and refractory oxide mineral.When the shock pressure rises step by step from 12 to 133 GPa,the shock effect of chromite is only fragmentation.Its grain size decreases from tens of um at 53 GPa to a few um at 133 GPa.And,fourthly,native copper exhibits distinct redistribution behavior at high temperature.In Jilin samples shock-loaded to 12 GPa,copper initially located at troilite-kamacite interfaces partially transferred into small troilite grains containing fine FeNi particles.At 53 and 133 GPa,native copper preferentially transferred into larger troilite grains containing more particles of eutectic FeNi metal.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No 42277127)。
文摘Rock-ice avalanches in cold high-mountain regions pose severe hazards due to their high mobility,yet the quantitative controls of particle-size ratio and ice content remain insufficiently constrained.This study investigates their coupled effects using inclinedflume experiments and Discrete Element Method(DEM)simulations,covering three gravel sizes(2-5 mm,5-7 mm,7-10 mm)and four ice-content levels(0%,20%,40%,60%).Run-out distance,velocity,energy components,flow regime(Savage number),and segregation indexαwere quantified.Increasing ice content significantly enhances mobility,but with diminishing marginal effectiveness.From 0%to 40%ice content,run-out distance increases by 41%-86%,whereas the additional increase from 40%to 60%contributes only 12%-23%.Particle-size ratio strongly governs segregation intensity.Fine-gravel groups reach segregation indices ofα=0.92-0.98,indicating nearly complete upward migration of ice,whereas medium-gravel and coarse-gravel groups exhibit much weaker segregation,stabilizing atα=0.68-0.74 and 0.60-0.69.Savage number analyses reveal marked flow-regime transitions.At 0%ice content,Savage numbers reach 1.0-1.5,indicating a collisional regime.Increasing ice content suppresses collisionality,with Savage numbers decreasing to 0.03-0.07 at 60%ice content,consistent with dense-regime flow.DEM energy analyses confirm this regime shift:for finegravel mixtures,collision energy decreases by 14%,while sliding-friction energy increases by 33%as ice content increases from 0%to 60%,reflecting enhanced overburden effects imposed by upward-segregated ice layers.Medium and coarse mixtures exhibit weaker or opposite energy-shift patterns,demonstrating strong size dependence.Mechanistically,large particle-size contrasts promote strong segregation and form dense basal rock layers that increase basal friction and reduce mobility.When particle sizes are similar or ice content is high,segregation remains limited,allowing ice to mix into the basal layer,thereby reducing basal friction and enhancing mobility.This research quantitatively demonstrates how composition controls particle spatial distribution,flow regime,and energy dissipation,offering new mechanistic insights into the propagation and deposition behaviors of rock-ice avalanches and improving hazard assessment in vulnerable high-mountain regions.
文摘Submission.Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2025JBZX013]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 12001036,12271166,32030063]+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST[grant number 2022QNRC001]National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2024YFA1016200].
文摘Space-filling designs with superior low-dimensional properties are highly required in computer experiments.Strong orthogonal arrays(SOAs)represent a class of such designs that outperform ordinary orthogonal arrays in their stratification properties within low dimensions.Nevertheless,current methods for constructing high-strength SOAs are rare,and they typically rely on regular designs,thereby limiting the number of runs in the final arrays to prime powers.This study presents new construction methods for three types of SOAs:SOAs of strength three,column-orthogonal SOAs(OSOAs)of strength three and three minus.The resulting designs have run sizes of twice an odd prime power without replications,filling the gaps in run sizes left by existing constructions.The projection properties of Addelman–Kempthorne orthogonal arrays are instrumental in the development of these construction methods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172190)+1 种基金the China Agriculture Research System-National Dairy Industry and Technology System(CARS-36)the National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-10).
文摘The buttermilk was selected as a wall material to deliver the docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)in this current research,including algal oil encapsulating with pure buttermilk(BMO)and its mixture(buttermilk and maltodextrin(BMMO)).The results showed that the particle growth rate of BMO and BMMO was slower than that of commercial algal oil powders(CMOs)during simulated digestion in vitro.Moreover,in the Morris water maze experiment,the mice in BMO and BMMO groups took less time to find the platform compared to that in CMO group,and their DHA content in the brain was significantly higher.The immunoglobulin detection revealed that feeding BMO and BMMO could improve the immune function of rats.Therefore,buttermilk will be a potential wall material which are able to improve the digestion characteristics of algal oil and the DHA bioavailability,and these results also promote the value-added utilization of by-products in the dairy industry.
文摘Submission Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.
文摘Submission Papers appearing in the Journal comprise Editorials,Rapid Communications,Perspectives,Tutorials,Feature Articles,Reviews,Research Articles,which should contain original information,theoretical or experimental,on any topics in the field of polymer science and polymer material science.Papers already published or scheduled to be published elsewhere should not be submitted and certainly will not be accepted.
基金the financial support from research grants provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52588202,and 42277128)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA1612400)。
文摘Dissolution trapping is one of the most promising mechanisms for safe geological carbon storage.Density-driven convection substantially accelerates the conversion of free-phase CO_(2)to the dissolved state,enhancing the sequestration safety.Since this process occurs on time scales of hundreds to thousands of years,reproducing it through conventional laboratory physical model tests is challenging.The hypergravity experiment reduces the model size and shortens the experimental time,enabling the modeling of gravity-driven flow processes at the field scale.However,it is uncertain whether the preferential flow effect caused by fractures can be reproduced in a hypergravity experiment.In this study,a three-dimensional discrete fracture-matrix model(3D-DFM)was used to evaluate the feasibility of hypergravity experiment of the transport of dissolved CO_(2)in fractured reservoirs.Numerical hypergravity tests were performed to examine the feasibility of modeling density-driven convection in homogeneous and heterogeneous media at different centrifuge accelerations.The hypergravity experiment can be used to study density-driven convection of dissolved CO_(2)at the field scale in homogeneous system.The numerical results show that the hypergravity experiment enables a faster breakthrough of plume and overestimates CO_(2)migration in the matrix surrounding the fractures.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Higher Education Teaching Quality and Reform Projects of Guangdong Province(Yuejiao Gao Han[2024]No.9,Yuejiao Gao Han[2024]No.30)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515110973)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Young Innovative Talents Project of General Colleges and Universities(2023KQNCX089)Quality Engineering and Teaching Reform Projects of Zhaoqing University(zlgc202239,zlgc202207,zlgc2024005,zlgc2024038).
文摘To meet the need for cultivating application-oriented talents in local universities,this study introduced a project-based learning approach into the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching.The course was structured around a project titled"Influenza Virus Analysis",comprising four progressive modules:database utilization and information retrieval,sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis,functional and structural prediction,and omics data analysis.These modules were integrated into a coherent research workflow that connected fragmented knowledge and technical skills.During implementation,flipped classroom and group collaboration methods were employed,alongside the establishment of a diversified assessment system emphasizing process evaluation.Teaching practice indicates that the reform effectively enhances students professional application skills,learning experience,and scientific literacy,facilitating a shift from"tool operation"to"problem-solving"capabilities.This study provides a reference model for the reform of bioinformatics experimental teaching in local universities.
基金the support of the Innovation Fund for National Natural Science Foundation of China(52009050,52461047)Gansu Provincial Higher Education Innovation Fund(2025A-033).
文摘To simultaneously reduce flow-induced noise and enhance hydraulic performance in centrifugal pumps,this study proposes a bionic volute tongue inspired by the serrated trailing-edge morphology of the long-eared owl wing.Hydraulic performance and volute-induced noise are integrated into a unified evaluation framework,enabling multi-objective optimization of the tongue geometry.An orthogonal experimental design coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)and Computational Fluid Acoustics(CFA)is employed to systematically assess the influence of serration parameters.A matrix-based decision method is then used to identify the optimal configuration balancing efficiency,head,and acoustic performance.The optimized design reduces the area fraction of extremely high-velocity regions(>18 m/s)from 15.21% to 5.38%,corresponding to a 64.63% decrease,while the flow non-uniformity coefficientζis reduced by 26.1%.Under rated operating conditions,the pump head increases by 0.5 m,hydraulic efficiency improves by 5%,and volute-induced noise is reduced by approximately 5 dB.Flow-field analysis indicates that volute-induced noise is the dominant source of hydrodynamic noise,and that the serrated bionic tongue effectively suppresses its intensity.The noise reduction mechanism is attributed to improved rotor-stator interaction,decomposition of large-scale vortical structures,and delayed flow separation,which collectively reduce pressure pulsation at the rotor-stator interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52388102)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024NSFTD0011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System of Southwest Jiaotong University(No.2023TPL-T11).
文摘The dynamic characteristics of the track system can directly affect its service performance and failure process.To explore the load characteristics and dynamic response of the track system under the dynamic loads from the rack vehicle in traction conditions,a systematic test of the track subsystem was carried out on a large-slope test line.In the test,the bending stress of the rack teeth,the wheel-rail forces,and the acceleration of crucial components in the track system were measured.Subsequently,a detailed analysis was conducted on the tested signals of the rack railway track system in the time domain and the time-frequency domains.The test results indicate that the traction force significantly affects the rack tooth bending stress and the wheel-rail forces.The vibrations of the track system under the traction conditions are mainly caused by the impacts generated from the gear-rack engagement,which are then transferred to the sleepers,the rails,and the ballast beds.Furthermore,both the maximum stress on the racks and the wheel-rail forces measured on the rails remain below their allowable values.This experimental study evaluates the load characteristics and reveals the vibration characteristics of the rack railway track system under the vehicle’s ultimate load,which is very important for the load-strengthening design of the key components such as racks and the vibration and noise reduction of the track system.
基金supported by the Tiangsu Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.JSKX 0225089).
文摘The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical threshold of 3.5×10^(4).This departure undermines the applicability of conventional similarity-based design approaches.In this study,micro radial-flow turbines with rotor diameters below 50 mm are investigated through a combined approach integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with experimental validation,aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which low Reynolds numbers influence aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance.The results demonstrate that decreasing Reynolds number leads to boundary-layer thickening on blade surfaces,enhanced flow separation on the suction side,and increased secondary-flow losses within the blade passages.These effects jointly produce a pronounced and non-linear deterioration of turbine efficiency.Geometric scaling analysis further indicates that efficiency losses intensify with decreasing turbine size,and become particularly severe at low rotational speeds and high expansion ratios.Detailed flow-field analyses reveal a direct link between the degradation of blade loading distribution and the amplification of transverse pressure gradients under low-Reynolds-number conditions,providing physical insight into the observed performance decline.
基金supported by the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2024ZD0301000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275136)。
文摘The Stern-Gerlach(SG)experiment is a fundamental experiment for revealing the existence of“spin”.In this experiment,beams of silver atoms are sent through inhomogeneous magnetic fields to observe their deflection.Thus,the conventional SG experiment can be viewed as a magnetic-type spin effect.In this work,we successfully generalize the SG effect from magnetic-type to electric-type by solving Dirac's equation with a potential barrier,revealing an extraordinary spin effect.Beams of Dirac particles can be regarded as matter waves.Based on Dirac's equation,we obtain the explicit forms of the incident,reflected,and transmitted waves.The electric-type SG effect shows that the reflected and transmitted waves can exhibit notable spatial shifts,which depend on the spin direction and the incident angle of the wave.The electrictype SG effect has potential applications for separating Dirac particles with different spin directions and for estimating the spin direction of Dirac particles.Some discussions related to the interaction between spin and the electric field are also presented.
