Background Regular exercise participation has been known to lower blood pressure for decades.However,despite the positive hemodynamics and adaptations that see changes in the cardiovascular system and encouraging outc...Background Regular exercise participation has been known to lower blood pressure for decades.However,despite the positive hemodynamics and adaptations that see changes in the cardiovascular system and encouraging outcomes,there are controversies around the effects of the different exercise intensities on blood pressure(BP).We do not fully understand which intensity would be more suitable for persons with hypertension(HTN),specifically if they have been sedentary for a long time.The intensity undertaken to exercise is often overlooked and might contribute to poor exercise adherence.Few studies have conducted a large sample of minorities to understand how different exercise intensity affects their BP recovery.Minority populations like African Americans are underrepresented in clinical studies despite experiencing more HTN and participating less in physical activity.Non-compliance to exercise with African Americans could contribute to the exercise intensity,specifically for newer exercisers.Objectives The systematic review aimed to explore studies that examined post-exercise BP response in African American adults and highlight the different exercise intensities and modes.The aim of this study was to investigate and determine which exercise intensity could produce the most optimal results for BP control in African Americans.Methods A systematic literature search was carried out with two databases from 2000 to 2010,searching for relevant manu-scripts related to exercise involvement with African Americans.The age was limited to 19 years and older,with geographic location restricted to studies from the United States,given the population reviewed.The exercise mode could include outdoor walking with a pedometer device,treadmill walking/jogging,cycling or stationary cycling,weight training,aerobic exercise,or low to high workload.Results Two hundred and seventy-nine articles we found,with 270 excluded.In total,nine papers met the inclusion criteria and were analysed.Seven papers saw significant outcomes in BP,with two not reporting meaningful differences from baseline to post-exercise.The most common exercise mode was walking at moderate intensity,specifically among female participants.Conclusions The review found low to moderate or moderate intensity was favourable to reducing post-exercise BP in African Americans.The outcomes have implications in prescribing exercise interventions where the intensity or mode of training can be altered,expanding the beneficial effects of exercise on BP.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the net energy expenditure(EENET)required for overground walking and running 1200 m in a sample of healthy adolescent boys and girls.A secondary purpose was to describe the effect of body...This study aimed to determine the net energy expenditure(EENET)required for overground walking and running 1200 m in a sample of healthy adolescent boys and girls.A secondary purpose was to describe the effect of body composition on energy expenditure(EE)of walking versus running.Twenty healthy adolescents(9 boys,11 girls)aged 15.85±2.80 years performed 2 field tests in regular outdoor conditions:overground walking(1.64±0.17 m/s)and submaximal running(3.13±0.42 m/s),at a self-selected steady pace.EE was measured via indirect calorimetry.Paired sample t-tests were used to determine if there were differences between walking and running conditions and mean percentage differences were estimated for various physiological parameters.Differences in EENET between conditions were performed for both genders using a two(condition)by two(gender)analysis of variance repeated measures design,with fat free mass as a covariate.Speed increased by 90.43%between the 2 conditions,while the different components of EE increased by almost 20%.Running elicited a significantly greater EENET than walking for both genders;however,boys’and girls’EE did not differ significantly.When EENET was adjusted for fat free mass,there was a statistically significant condition×fat free mass effect.The findings in this study indicate that both adolescent boys and girls expend more energy during running than walking,without being affected by body composition.Body mass and fat free mass significantly correlated with EE only during running.In addition,the trained participants of the study optimized locomotion to minimize EE.展开更多
文摘Background Regular exercise participation has been known to lower blood pressure for decades.However,despite the positive hemodynamics and adaptations that see changes in the cardiovascular system and encouraging outcomes,there are controversies around the effects of the different exercise intensities on blood pressure(BP).We do not fully understand which intensity would be more suitable for persons with hypertension(HTN),specifically if they have been sedentary for a long time.The intensity undertaken to exercise is often overlooked and might contribute to poor exercise adherence.Few studies have conducted a large sample of minorities to understand how different exercise intensity affects their BP recovery.Minority populations like African Americans are underrepresented in clinical studies despite experiencing more HTN and participating less in physical activity.Non-compliance to exercise with African Americans could contribute to the exercise intensity,specifically for newer exercisers.Objectives The systematic review aimed to explore studies that examined post-exercise BP response in African American adults and highlight the different exercise intensities and modes.The aim of this study was to investigate and determine which exercise intensity could produce the most optimal results for BP control in African Americans.Methods A systematic literature search was carried out with two databases from 2000 to 2010,searching for relevant manu-scripts related to exercise involvement with African Americans.The age was limited to 19 years and older,with geographic location restricted to studies from the United States,given the population reviewed.The exercise mode could include outdoor walking with a pedometer device,treadmill walking/jogging,cycling or stationary cycling,weight training,aerobic exercise,or low to high workload.Results Two hundred and seventy-nine articles we found,with 270 excluded.In total,nine papers met the inclusion criteria and were analysed.Seven papers saw significant outcomes in BP,with two not reporting meaningful differences from baseline to post-exercise.The most common exercise mode was walking at moderate intensity,specifically among female participants.Conclusions The review found low to moderate or moderate intensity was favourable to reducing post-exercise BP in African Americans.The outcomes have implications in prescribing exercise interventions where the intensity or mode of training can be altered,expanding the beneficial effects of exercise on BP.
文摘This study aimed to determine the net energy expenditure(EENET)required for overground walking and running 1200 m in a sample of healthy adolescent boys and girls.A secondary purpose was to describe the effect of body composition on energy expenditure(EE)of walking versus running.Twenty healthy adolescents(9 boys,11 girls)aged 15.85±2.80 years performed 2 field tests in regular outdoor conditions:overground walking(1.64±0.17 m/s)and submaximal running(3.13±0.42 m/s),at a self-selected steady pace.EE was measured via indirect calorimetry.Paired sample t-tests were used to determine if there were differences between walking and running conditions and mean percentage differences were estimated for various physiological parameters.Differences in EENET between conditions were performed for both genders using a two(condition)by two(gender)analysis of variance repeated measures design,with fat free mass as a covariate.Speed increased by 90.43%between the 2 conditions,while the different components of EE increased by almost 20%.Running elicited a significantly greater EENET than walking for both genders;however,boys’and girls’EE did not differ significantly.When EENET was adjusted for fat free mass,there was a statistically significant condition×fat free mass effect.The findings in this study indicate that both adolescent boys and girls expend more energy during running than walking,without being affected by body composition.Body mass and fat free mass significantly correlated with EE only during running.In addition,the trained participants of the study optimized locomotion to minimize EE.
