Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal,and are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract[1].KIT proto-oncogene,receptor tyrosine kinase(KIT),and p...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal,and are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract[1].KIT proto-oncogene,receptor tyrosine kinase(KIT),and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha(PDGFRA)gene mutations are found in approximately 85%–90% cases of GIST.展开更多
Hydride generation (HG)technique has been widely used for the determination of volatile hydride forming elements by atomic spectroscopy since Holak reported the determination of arsenic with this technique using atomi...Hydride generation (HG)technique has been widely used for the determination of volatile hydride forming elements by atomic spectroscopy since Holak reported the determination of arsenic with this technique using atomic absorption spectrometry in 1969. The most commonly used展开更多
The red alga Gracilaria heteroclada was established by the authors (Zhang Junfu and Xia Bangmei, 1988). The specific name is, however, illegitimatized by the earlier homonym Gracilaria heteroclada (Montagne) (J. et G....The red alga Gracilaria heteroclada was established by the authors (Zhang Junfu and Xia Bangmei, 1988). The specific name is, however, illegitimatized by the earlier homonym Gracilaria heteroclada (Montagne) (J. et G. Feldmann,1943). In 1989, Fredeficq and Hommersand restored the genus Gracilariopsis with its type species, G. lemaneiformis, thus excluding it (Gracilaria heteroclada Zhang et Xia) from the genus Gracilaria. It was transferred to Gracilariopsis展开更多
This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases ...This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases in their imports, China＇s net imports of major meat products（including pork, beef, mutton and poultry but excluding meat offal） were just below 1 million tons in 2012, dwarfed by China＇s net imports of grains which reached 66.7 million tons in the same year. This slow growth in meat trade seems to contradict earlier expectations on increasing meat demand and imports, based upon projected shifts in consumption patterns driven by rapid per capita income growth. Several plausible explanations of this paradoxical trade pattern are offered, including mass imports of feed grains, persistent（but shrinking） gaps between Chinese and international meat prices, tariff barriers, and non-tariff measures. In the near future China may not be able to maintain such a lower profile on the world meat markets, as per capita income is projected to continue to rise and domestic production cost advantages erode due to rising labor costs. A model-based projection exercise indicates that under plausible assumptions China＇s meat imports may rise sharply by 2030.展开更多
AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall s...AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing.METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed.RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival.CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.展开更多
The Yangtze delta＇s response to accelerating river damming and irrigation is a topic of global concern. This research analyzed the general erosion-accretion of the submerged delta front, the spatio-temporal changing ...The Yangtze delta＇s response to accelerating river damming and irrigation is a topic of global concern. This research analyzed the general erosion-accretion of the submerged delta front, the spatio-temporal changing pattern in different sub-regions, the geomorphological changes in typical cross-sections, and the geomorphological causes of the four main sub-regions（the eastern tidal wetland of Chongming–CM, the Hengsha shoal–HS, the Jiuduansha wetland–JDS, and the eastern tidal wetland of Nanhui–NH）. Data sources include topographic data measured at high-resolution, sediment load at Datong Station, and the corresponding estuary construction information. Major findings are：（1） in general, the study area had slightly eroded（the erosion area ratio was 51.83% and the accretion area ratio was 48.17%） from 1982 to 2010, and it had experienced a shift of “erosion-accretion- erosion”. The spatio-temporal change of geomorphology was also significant in the eight sub-regions, excluding constant erosion in the North Channel;（2） evolution in eastern and northern CM and HS, northern JDS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of NH was dominated by vertical deposition, which was the opposite of that in southern CM and HS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of eastern and southern JDS;（3） on the whole, the encompassed surface areas（ESAs） of the 2 m and 5 m isobaths kept increasing, and the annual growth rates reached 10.42 km^2/yr and 7.99 km^2/yr respectively during 1982–2010（however, four sub-regions exhibited disagreements）, and in the whole region and all sub-regions, the ESA of the 10 m isobath decreased, while the ESA of the 15 m isobath changed slightly during the period and remained stable;（4） being less influenced by the estuarine engineering, CM was the only sub-region where the ESA of the isobath decreased in accordance with the decline of the sediment load. Major conclusions are that estuarine engineering projects play an increasingly important role in affecting the submerged delta against the macro-background of the reduction of sediment load, the change of ESA and the distribution of isobaths. Along with the accelerating construction of the Shanghai International Shipping Centre and reclamation project, the geomorphological evolution of the submerged delta will become more complex and thus deserves frequent monitoring in the future.展开更多
The 2013 Monitoring Report of Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents announced by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on February 17,2015 shows that health literacy level of Chinese residents ha...The 2013 Monitoring Report of Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents announced by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on February 17,2015 shows that health literacy level of Chinese residents had increased to 9.48%,a rise of 0.68percentage point over 8.80% in 2012 and an increase of 3 percentage points over 6.48% in 2008.展开更多
China’s foreign trade in the first two months of 2016According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in the first two months of 2016 reached 3.31trillion yuan,down 12.6%year on year(the same below).In t...China’s foreign trade in the first two months of 2016According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in the first two months of 2016 reached 3.31trillion yuan,down 12.6%year on year(the same below).In terms of the U.S.dollar,the total import and export reached US$510.73 billion,down 17.4%.In February alone,the total展开更多
China’s foreign trade from January to November in 2013According to statistics of the Customs,China’s exports and imports in the first eleven months of 2013 reached RMB 23.43 trillion($3.77 trillion),up 7.7%over the ...China’s foreign trade from January to November in 2013According to statistics of the Customs,China’s exports and imports in the first eleven months of 2013 reached RMB 23.43 trillion($3.77 trillion),up 7.7%over the same period of last year,excluding the exchange rate factor.Specifically,ex-ports stood at RMB 12.44 trillion($2 trillion),up 8.3%;im-ports RMB 10.99 trillion($1.77 trillion),up 7.1%.The展开更多
1.ca.=about或approximately 约2.ch.(s)=chapter(s)章;篇;部分3.cont.=continued 续4.diff.=difference或different(差异或不同的)5.enc.(l)=enclosure;enclosed附件;附寄等6.et se q.=and the following[et’se,kwans]及以下所说以及...1.ca.=about或approximately 约2.ch.(s)=chapter(s)章;篇;部分3.cont.=continued 续4.diff.=difference或different(差异或不同的)5.enc.(l)=enclosure;enclosed附件;附寄等6.et se q.=and the following[et’se,kwans]及以下所说以及其后,是拉丁文et sequens的缩写7.excl=excluding;exclusive 除……外8.ff.=and the following [(?)nd,(?)(?), ’(?)(?)loui(?)]及以下所说;及其后。展开更多
The change and redistribution of immature fiber number after cotton carding were investigated under different taker-in speeds.The immature fiber contents (IFCs) of card sliver,flat strips,takerin droppings and cylinde...The change and redistribution of immature fiber number after cotton carding were investigated under different taker-in speeds.The immature fiber contents (IFCs) of card sliver,flat strips,takerin droppings and cylinder screen droppings (including droppings under cylinder screen and cylinder-doffer triangle section) produced under different taker-in speeds were tested by using USTER advanced fiber information system (AFIS). Based on these results and relevant data,immature fiber number was calculated. Results show that the carding process makes the immature fiber number increase. After carding, immature fibers are distributed mainly in card sliver,accounting for approximately 90% in their total number. All of the cylinder screen,taker-in and flat have the functions of excluding immature fibers; furthermore,IFC in cylinder screen droppings is the highest,followed successively by those in taker-in droppings,flat strips and card sliver. The IFC of card sliver is the lowest when the taker-in speeds are 1000 and 1400 r/min.展开更多
Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-th...Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.展开更多
Objective: To investigate whether greater physical activity is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods:The authors prospectively follo wed 48,574 men and 77,254 women who provided information o...Objective: To investigate whether greater physical activity is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods:The authors prospectively follo wed 48,574 men and 77,254 women who provided information on physical activity in 1986 or in early adulthood. During the follow-up, a total of 252(male) and 135 (female) incident PD cases were identified. Results:In men, greater baseline ph ysical activity was associated with a lower PD risk; compared with the lowest qu intile, the multivariate relative risk (RR) of PD for the highest quintile was 0 .7 (95%CI 0.5 to 1.1; p value, test for trend = 0.007), and the inverse associa tion was still present after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up (RR = 0. 5; p value, test for trend = 0.02).Further, strenuous exercise in early adult li fe was also inversely related to PD risk in men: compared with men who regularly exercised ≤2 months/year, those with ≥10 months of strenuous exercise had a 60%lower PD risk (RR = 0.4; p value, test for trend = 0.005). In women, physical activity assessed at baseline was no t related to PD risk, whereas strenuous exercise in early adulthood tended to be inversely related to PD risk later in life(highest vs lowest categories, RR = 0 .5, 95%CI 0.2 to 1.4; pvalue, test for trend = 0.06). Conclusion: This study su ggests either that higher levels of physical activity may lower the risk of Park inson disease (PD) in men or that men predisposed to PD tend to avoid strenuous physical activity in their early adult years.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Henan Health Science and Technology Project[201702149]。
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal,and are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract[1].KIT proto-oncogene,receptor tyrosine kinase(KIT),and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha(PDGFRA)gene mutations are found in approximately 85%–90% cases of GIST.
文摘Hydride generation (HG)technique has been widely used for the determination of volatile hydride forming elements by atomic spectroscopy since Holak reported the determination of arsenic with this technique using atomic absorption spectrometry in 1969. The most commonly used
文摘The red alga Gracilaria heteroclada was established by the authors (Zhang Junfu and Xia Bangmei, 1988). The specific name is, however, illegitimatized by the earlier homonym Gracilaria heteroclada (Montagne) (J. et G. Feldmann,1943). In 1989, Fredeficq and Hommersand restored the genus Gracilariopsis with its type species, G. lemaneiformis, thus excluding it (Gracilaria heteroclada Zhang et Xia) from the genus Gracilaria. It was transferred to Gracilariopsis
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71203096 and 71303112)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(20120097120042 and 20123204120017)
文摘This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases in their imports, China＇s net imports of major meat products（including pork, beef, mutton and poultry but excluding meat offal） were just below 1 million tons in 2012, dwarfed by China＇s net imports of grains which reached 66.7 million tons in the same year. This slow growth in meat trade seems to contradict earlier expectations on increasing meat demand and imports, based upon projected shifts in consumption patterns driven by rapid per capita income growth. Several plausible explanations of this paradoxical trade pattern are offered, including mass imports of feed grains, persistent（but shrinking） gaps between Chinese and international meat prices, tariff barriers, and non-tariff measures. In the near future China may not be able to maintain such a lower profile on the world meat markets, as per capita income is projected to continue to rise and domestic production cost advantages erode due to rising labor costs. A model-based projection exercise indicates that under plausible assumptions China＇s meat imports may rise sharply by 2030.
文摘AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing.METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed.RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival.CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.71373084 Global Change Scientific Research Program of China, No.2010CB951204 Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. 13ZZ035.Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Professor Xu Shiyuan of School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, China, and Professor Yu Zhiying of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, China, who gave us great help on this research and constructive advice to the paper.
文摘The Yangtze delta＇s response to accelerating river damming and irrigation is a topic of global concern. This research analyzed the general erosion-accretion of the submerged delta front, the spatio-temporal changing pattern in different sub-regions, the geomorphological changes in typical cross-sections, and the geomorphological causes of the four main sub-regions（the eastern tidal wetland of Chongming–CM, the Hengsha shoal–HS, the Jiuduansha wetland–JDS, and the eastern tidal wetland of Nanhui–NH）. Data sources include topographic data measured at high-resolution, sediment load at Datong Station, and the corresponding estuary construction information. Major findings are：（1） in general, the study area had slightly eroded（the erosion area ratio was 51.83% and the accretion area ratio was 48.17%） from 1982 to 2010, and it had experienced a shift of “erosion-accretion- erosion”. The spatio-temporal change of geomorphology was also significant in the eight sub-regions, excluding constant erosion in the North Channel;（2） evolution in eastern and northern CM and HS, northern JDS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of NH was dominated by vertical deposition, which was the opposite of that in southern CM and HS, and the region within the 5 m isobath of eastern and southern JDS;（3） on the whole, the encompassed surface areas（ESAs） of the 2 m and 5 m isobaths kept increasing, and the annual growth rates reached 10.42 km^2/yr and 7.99 km^2/yr respectively during 1982–2010（however, four sub-regions exhibited disagreements）, and in the whole region and all sub-regions, the ESA of the 10 m isobath decreased, while the ESA of the 15 m isobath changed slightly during the period and remained stable;（4） being less influenced by the estuarine engineering, CM was the only sub-region where the ESA of the isobath decreased in accordance with the decline of the sediment load. Major conclusions are that estuarine engineering projects play an increasingly important role in affecting the submerged delta against the macro-background of the reduction of sediment load, the change of ESA and the distribution of isobaths. Along with the accelerating construction of the Shanghai International Shipping Centre and reclamation project, the geomorphological evolution of the submerged delta will become more complex and thus deserves frequent monitoring in the future.
文摘The 2013 Monitoring Report of Health Literacy Level of Chinese Residents announced by National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on February 17,2015 shows that health literacy level of Chinese residents had increased to 9.48%,a rise of 0.68percentage point over 8.80% in 2012 and an increase of 3 percentage points over 6.48% in 2008.
文摘China’s foreign trade in the first two months of 2016According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in the first two months of 2016 reached 3.31trillion yuan,down 12.6%year on year(the same below).In terms of the U.S.dollar,the total import and export reached US$510.73 billion,down 17.4%.In February alone,the total
文摘China’s foreign trade from January to November in 2013According to statistics of the Customs,China’s exports and imports in the first eleven months of 2013 reached RMB 23.43 trillion($3.77 trillion),up 7.7%over the same period of last year,excluding the exchange rate factor.Specifically,ex-ports stood at RMB 12.44 trillion($2 trillion),up 8.3%;im-ports RMB 10.99 trillion($1.77 trillion),up 7.1%.The
文摘1.ca.=about或approximately 约2.ch.(s)=chapter(s)章;篇;部分3.cont.=continued 续4.diff.=difference或different(差异或不同的)5.enc.(l)=enclosure;enclosed附件;附寄等6.et se q.=and the following[et’se,kwans]及以下所说以及其后,是拉丁文et sequens的缩写7.excl=excluding;exclusive 除……外8.ff.=and the following [(?)nd,(?)(?), ’(?)(?)loui(?)]及以下所说;及其后。
文摘The change and redistribution of immature fiber number after cotton carding were investigated under different taker-in speeds.The immature fiber contents (IFCs) of card sliver,flat strips,takerin droppings and cylinder screen droppings (including droppings under cylinder screen and cylinder-doffer triangle section) produced under different taker-in speeds were tested by using USTER advanced fiber information system (AFIS). Based on these results and relevant data,immature fiber number was calculated. Results show that the carding process makes the immature fiber number increase. After carding, immature fibers are distributed mainly in card sliver,accounting for approximately 90% in their total number. All of the cylinder screen,taker-in and flat have the functions of excluding immature fibers; furthermore,IFC in cylinder screen droppings is the highest,followed successively by those in taker-in droppings,flat strips and card sliver. The IFC of card sliver is the lowest when the taker-in speeds are 1000 and 1400 r/min.
文摘Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.
文摘Objective: To investigate whether greater physical activity is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Methods:The authors prospectively follo wed 48,574 men and 77,254 women who provided information on physical activity in 1986 or in early adulthood. During the follow-up, a total of 252(male) and 135 (female) incident PD cases were identified. Results:In men, greater baseline ph ysical activity was associated with a lower PD risk; compared with the lowest qu intile, the multivariate relative risk (RR) of PD for the highest quintile was 0 .7 (95%CI 0.5 to 1.1; p value, test for trend = 0.007), and the inverse associa tion was still present after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up (RR = 0. 5; p value, test for trend = 0.02).Further, strenuous exercise in early adult li fe was also inversely related to PD risk in men: compared with men who regularly exercised ≤2 months/year, those with ≥10 months of strenuous exercise had a 60%lower PD risk (RR = 0.4; p value, test for trend = 0.005). In women, physical activity assessed at baseline was no t related to PD risk, whereas strenuous exercise in early adulthood tended to be inversely related to PD risk later in life(highest vs lowest categories, RR = 0 .5, 95%CI 0.2 to 1.4; pvalue, test for trend = 0.06). Conclusion: This study su ggests either that higher levels of physical activity may lower the risk of Park inson disease (PD) in men or that men predisposed to PD tend to avoid strenuous physical activity in their early adult years.
