BACKGROUND： Previous experiments have demonstrated that brainstem auditory evoked potential is affected by exercise, exercise duration, and frequency. OBJECTIVE： Comparing the brainstem auditory evoked potential of ...BACKGROUND： Previous experiments have demonstrated that brainstem auditory evoked potential is affected by exercise, exercise duration, and frequency. OBJECTIVE： Comparing the brainstem auditory evoked potential of students studying folk dance to students studying other subjects. DESIGN： Observational contrast study. SETTING： Physical Education College, Shandong Normal University PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-five female students were enrolled at Shandong Normal University between September and December in 2005, including 21 students that studied folk dance and 34 students that studied other subjects. The age of the folk dance students averaged （19 ± 1） years and dance training length was （6.0 ± 1.5） years. The students that studied other subjects had never taken part in dance training or other physical training, and their age averaged （22 ± 1） years, body height averaged （162 ± 5） cm, body mass averaged （51 ± 6） kg. All subjects had no prior ear disease or history of other neurological disorders. All students provided informed consent for the experimental project. METHODS： The neural electricity tester, NDI-200 （Shanghai Poseidon Medical Electronic Instrument Factory） was used to examine and record Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values of the subjects during silence, as well as to transversally analyze the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values. The electrode positions were cleaned and degreased with soapy water, followed by ethanol. The selected bipolar electrodes were situated on the head： recording electrodes were placed at the Baihui acupoint, and the reference electrode was placed at the mastoid of the measured ear, with grounding electrodes in the center of the forehead. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values were elicited by monaural stimulation of a ＂click＂ though an earphone; the other ear was sheltered by the white noise. The click intensity was 102 db, the stimulation frequency was 30 Hz, the bandpass filters were 1 000-3 000 Hz, the sensitivity was 5 ta V, and a total of 2 000 sweeps were averaged. Waveform identification and analysis： various components of the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values were identified, and the peak latencies and peak-peak values were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Latency of Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Peak-Peak Value of Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴwere measured. RESULTS： Fifty-five subjects were enrolled in the final analysis, without any loss. Compared to the students who studied other subjects ① Ⅰ -Ⅴ peak latencies （PL）： Ⅳ PL of the right ear of the folk dance students was obviously longer （P 〈 0.05）; ② Ⅰ, Ⅲ, V peak-peak values：Ⅰ peak-peak values of the right ear were obviously higher （P 〈 0.05）. CONCUSION： ① PL of the right ear of the folk dance students was obviously longer, which indicates that dancing results in a stronger sensibility to auditory stimuli. ②. Peak-peak values were obviously higher, which indicates that long-term exercise enhances the music senses and synchrony of auditory nerve impulses.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods: BAEPs were performed in 32 controls and 40 patien...Objective:To evaluate the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods: BAEPs were performed in 32 controls and 40 patients. Wave Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ latencies and Ⅰ-Ⅲ , Ⅲ-Ⅴ , Ⅰ-Ⅴ interpeak latencies were measured, respectively. Results: Abnormalities of BAEPs in 13 patients (13/40, 32 ％). Among the13 abnormal BAEPs, 3 displayed prolongation of latency to waves in one side, no potential in another side; 5 displayed a similar abnormality which was bilateral prolongation of latency to waves ;and another 5 displayed unilateral latency delay. Compared wave Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ, Ⅴ latencies and Ⅰ-Ⅲ , Ⅲ-Ⅴ , Ⅰ-Ⅴ interpeak latencies in the patients and the controls, there were no significant differences (P＞0.05). Conclusion: BAEPs can be used for evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic values in the cases of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.展开更多
Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity.Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, wh...Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity.Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, which shows neuroplasticity in musicians. Various databases including Pub Med, Google, Google Scholar and Medline were searched for references related to auditory evoked potentials in musicians from 1994 till date. Different auditory evoked potentials in musicians have been summarized in the present article. The findings of various studies may support as evidences for music-induced neuroplasticity which can be used for the treatment of various clinical disorders. The search results showed enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians compared to non-musicians from brainstem to cortical levels. Also, the present review showed enhanced attentive and pre-attentive skills in musicians compared to non-musicians.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia. METHODS: A total of 120 vertigo pa...OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia. METHODS: A total of 120 vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia were randomly divided into observation group and control group. 60 patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine. 60 patients in the observation group were treated with Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on the basis of the control group. After 2 weeks of treatment, the improvement of vertigo(dizziness handicap inventory(DHI), dizziness handicap inventory(DHI)), the hemodynamic index(Basilar artery blood flow velocity(BA), left vertebroarterial artery(LVA), and the average blood flow velocity of right vertebroarterial artery(RVA)) and the changes in brain stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) of two groups were observed. And statistical analysis was conducted for the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions during treatment of two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The DHI and DARS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the degree of reduction was more obvious in the observation group(P < 0.05). The levels of BA, LVA and RVA in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the levels of BA, LVA and RVA in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The indexes of BAEP latency I, II, III and indexes of BAEP peak latency I-III, III-V, IV were obviously lower than those before treatment(P < 0.05). Besides, the decrease of BAEP index in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment of the two groups. CONCLUSION: Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet is able to significantly improve the cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials of patients with PCIV, and quickly relieve vertigo. It is safe and reliable and worthy of clinical application.展开更多
Objective: To study the relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) thresholds and behavioral thresholds in pediatric populations with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Fifteen children (m...Objective: To study the relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) thresholds and behavioral thresholds in pediatric populations with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Fifteen children (mean age 6.8 years) with bilateral SNHL underwent behavioral pure-tone audiometry and CAEP testing at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. CAEP thresholds were determined using tone bursts, and correlations between CAEP and pure-tone thresholds were analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests. Results: A strong positive correlation was observed between P1 thresholds and behavioral thresholds across all test frequencies: 0.5 kHz (r = 0.765, p Conclusion: The strong correlation between P1 and behavioral thresholds demonstrates the reliability of CAEP testing for estimating auditory thresholds in children. These findings support the use of CAEP testing as a reliable objective tool for threshold estimation, particularly in cases where behavioral responses cannot be reliably obtained. When adjusted with frequency-specific correction values, CAEP testing provides a reliable method for assessing hearing thresholds in pediatric populations.展开更多
Objective To observe the impacts of acupuncture on brainstem evoked potentials in the patients with primary depression. Methods Forty cases of primary depression were treated by acupuncture at Baihui （百会 GV 20）, Y...Objective To observe the impacts of acupuncture on brainstem evoked potentials in the patients with primary depression. Methods Forty cases of primary depression were treated by acupuncture at Baihui （百会 GV 20）, Yinatng （印堂 GV 29）, DazhuT （大椎 GV 14）, bilateral Shenmen （神门 HT 7）, bilateral Taichong （太冲 LR 3）, bilateral Neiguan （内关 PC 6） and SanyTnjiao （三阴交 SP 6）. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture treatment was given once every two days, three treatments a week. The brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） and visual evoked potential （VEP） were observed in 6 weeks of treatment. The change in Hamilton depression scale （HAMD） score was observed before and after treatment in the depression group. Results After treatment, VEP wave latency was shortened significantly in patients of depression （P〈0.05）, BAEPIII wave latency was shortened significantly （P〈0.05）. The score of HAMD was decreased apparently in the depression group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The stressability of visual and auditory stimuli in the central nervous system was decreased in the patients of depression. Acupuncture shortens remarkably the brainstem evoked potentials latency in the patients of depression and achieves the effective results in the treatment of primary depression.展开更多
Under the auditory evoked brain stem potential (ABP) examination, the latent period of V wave and the intermittent periods of III-V peak and I-V peak were significantly shortened in Parkinson's disease patient... Under the auditory evoked brain stem potential (ABP) examination, the latent period of V wave and the intermittent periods of III-V peak and I-V peak were significantly shortened in Parkinson's disease patients of the treatment group (N=29) after acupuncture treatment. The difference of cumulative scores in Webster's scale was also decreased in correlation analysis. The increase of dopamine in the brain and the excitability of the dopamine neurons may contribute to the therapeutic effects, in TCM terms, of subduing the pathogenic wind and tranquilizing the mind.……展开更多
Objective Auditory neuropathy(AN)is a unique pattern of hearing loss with preservation of hair cell function.The condition is characterized by the presence of otoacoustic emissions(OAE)or cochlear microphonic(CM)respo...Objective Auditory neuropathy(AN)is a unique pattern of hearing loss with preservation of hair cell function.The condition is characterized by the presence of otoacoustic emissions(OAE)or cochlear microphonic(CM)responses with severe abnormalities of the auditory brainstem response(ABR).The vestibular branches of the VIII cranial nerve and the structures innervated by it can also be affected.However,the precise lesion sites in the vestibular system are not well characterized in patients with AN.Methods The air-conducted sound(ACS)vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs)and galvanic vestibular stimuli(GVS)-VEMPs were examined in 14 patients with AN.Results On examination of VEMPs(n=14,28 ears),the absent rates of ACS-cervical VEMP(cVEMP),ACS-ocular VEMP(oVEMP),GVS-cVEMP,GVS-oVEMP and caloric test were 92.9%(26/28),85.7%(24/28),67.9%(19/28),53.6%(15/28),and 61.5%(8/13),respectively.Impaired functions of the saccule,inferior vestibular nerve,utricle,superior vestibular nerve,and horizontal semicircular canal were found in 25.0%(7/28),67.9%(19/28),32.1%(9/28),53.6%(15/28)and 61.5%(8/13)patients,respectively.On comparing the elicited VEMPs parameters of AN patients with those of normal controls,both ACS-VEMPs and GVS-VEMPs showed abnormal results in AN patients(such as,lower presence rates,elevated thresholds,prolonged latencies,and decreased amplitudes).Conclusion The study suggested that patients with AN often have concomitant vestibular disorders.Retro-labyrinthine lesions were more frequently observed in this study.GVS-VEMPs combined with ACS-VEMPs may help identify the lesion sites and facilitate detection of areas of vestibular dysfunction in these patients.展开更多
Tinnitus is a concerning condition that affects most adults worldwide,with a prevalence of 6.7%.Theories of tinnitus have explained that an increase in spontaneous neural activity at the level of the thalamus could in...Tinnitus is a concerning condition that affects most adults worldwide,with a prevalence of 6.7%.Theories of tinnitus have explained that an increase in spontaneous neural activity at the level of the thalamus could induce tinnitus.There are no standardized objective tests for tinnitus assessment because of its multifaceted nature.Hence,the current study aimed to explore the effect of Tinnitus on Latency and Amplitude of the Auditory Middle Latency Response in Audiological Attendees.The study recruited 50 individuals(25 normals and 25 individuals with tinnitus)who underwent audiological evaluations like Pure tone audiometry,immittance,pitch and loudness matching,THI and middle latency response.The IHS program was used to record MLR,which was obtained using tone burst stimuli of 500 Hz,1 KHz,2 KHz,and 4 KHz at a rate of 7.1/s with a constant duration of 5 ms,for a total of 1500 sweeps.As a covariate,pure tone thresholds were one of the variabilities that were addressed by ANCOVA.The amplitude of the Pa component varied significantly between the tinnitus and control groups,according to the MLR data and no other components of MLR reached that significance.Furthermore,there was no discernible variation in the latency or amplitude of MLR among any of the other components.The latency of the waveforms increased as the stimulus frequency increased.Karl Pearson correlation coefficient showed no significant correlation between THI scores and any of the outcome measures except for Pa amplitude.As the Pa component of MLR showed maximum changes between controls and individuals with tinnitus,the Pa component could be considered a potential tool for identifying neurophysiological changes related to tinnitus.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) combined with psychological intervention on the symptom of somzatization or obsession and mental symptom of depression or anxiety and P50 of Aud...OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) combined with psychological intervention on the symptom of somzatization or obsession and mental symptom of depression or anxiety and P50 of Auditory Evoked Potential(AEP) on internet addiction disorder(IAD).METHODS: One hundred and twenty cases of IAD were randomly divided into an EA group, a psycho-intervention(PI) group and a comprehensive therapy(EA plus PI) group. Patients in the EA group were treated with EA. Patients in the PI group were treated with cognition and behavior therapy. Patients in the EA plus PI group were treated with electro-acupuncture plus psychological intervention. Scores of IAD, scores of the symptom checklist90(SCL-90), latency and amplitude of P50 of AEP were measured before and after treatment.RESULTS: The scores of IAD after treatment significantly decreased in all groups(P < 0.05), and thescores of IAD in the EA plus PI group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P < 0.05). The scores of SCL-90 assembled and each factor after treatment in the EA plus PI group significantly decreased(P < 0.05). After treatment in the EA plus PI group, the amplitude distance of S1P50 and S2P50(S1-S2) significantly increased(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: EA combined with PI could relieve the mental symptoms of IAD patients, and the mechanism is possibly related to the increase of cerebrum sense perception gating function.展开更多
It remains unclear whether spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by ischemia and other non-mechanical factors can be monitored by somatosensory evoked potentials. Therefore, we monitored spinal cord ischemia-...It remains unclear whether spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by ischemia and other non-mechanical factors can be monitored by somatosensory evoked potentials. Therefore, we monitored spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits using somatosensory evoked potential detection technology. The results showed that the somatosensory evoked potential latency was significantly prolonged and the amplitude significantly reduced until it disappeared during the period of spinal cord ischemia. After reperfusion for 30-180 minutes, the amplitude and latency began to gradually recover; at 360 minutes of reperfusion, the latency showed no significant difference compared with the pre-ischemic value, while the somatosensory evoked potential amplitude in- creased, and severe hindlimb motor dysfunctions were detected. Experimental findings suggest that changes in somatosensory evoked potentia~ ~atency can reflect the degree of spinat cord ischemic injury, while the amplitude variations are indicators of the late spinal cord reperfusion injury, which provide evidence for the assessment of limb motor function and avoid iatrogenic spinal cord injury.展开更多
Despite their ubiquitous use for rendering patients unconscious for surgery, our understanding of how general anesthetics cause hypnosis remains rudimentary at best. Recent years have seen increased interest in ＂top-...Despite their ubiquitous use for rendering patients unconscious for surgery, our understanding of how general anesthetics cause hypnosis remains rudimentary at best. Recent years have seen increased interest in ＂top-down＂ cortico-centric theories of anesthetic action. The aim of this study was to explore this by investigating direct cortical effects of anesthetics on cerebrocortical evoked potentials in isolated mouse brain slices. Evoked potentials were elicited in cortical layer IV by electrical stimulation of the underlying white matter. The effects of three anesthetics （ketamine, etomidate, and isoflurane） on the amplitude, latency, and slope of short-latency evoked potentials were quantified. The N2/P3/N4 potentials - which represent the early cortical response - were enhanced by etomidate （increased P3-N4 slope, P 〈0.01）, maintained by ketamine, and reduced by isoflurane （lower N2/P3 amplitude, P 〈0.01）. These effects closely resemble those seen in vivo for the same drugs and point to a cortical mechanism independent of effects on subcortical structures such as the thalamus.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials(VEPs)in diabetic rats.·METHODS:Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control,diabetic control and diabetic rats t...AIM:To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials(VEPs)in diabetic rats.·METHODS:Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control,diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate.Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg/kg).Sodium tungstate[40 mg/(kg·d)]was administered for 12 wk and then VEPs were recorded.Additionally,thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)levels were measured in brain tissues.·RESULTS:The latencies of P1,N1,P2,N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group.Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs.However,prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group.The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group.·CONCLUSION:Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats,and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the use of short-duration transient visual evoked potentials（VEP） and color reflectivity discretization analysis（CORDA） in glaucomatous eyes,eyes suspected of having glaucoma,and healthy eyes.MET...AIM： To evaluate the use of short-duration transient visual evoked potentials（VEP） and color reflectivity discretization analysis（CORDA） in glaucomatous eyes,eyes suspected of having glaucoma,and healthy eyes.METHODS： The study included 136 eyes from 136 subjects： 49 eyes with glaucoma,45 glaucoma suspect eyes,and 42 healthy eyes.Subjects underwent Humphrey visual field（VF） testing,VEP testing,as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography imaging studies with post-acquisition CORDA applied.Statistical analysis was performed using means and ranges,ANOVA,post-hoc comparisons using Turkey＇s adjustment,Fisher＇s Exact test,area under the curve,and Spearman correlation coefficients.RESULTS： Parameters from VEP and CORDA correlated significantly with VF mean deviation（MD）（P〈0.05）.In distinguishing glaucomatous eyes from controls,VEP demonstrated area under the curve（AUC） values of 0.64-0.75 for amplitude and 0.67-0.81 for latency.The CORDA HR1 parameter was highly discriminative for glaucomatous eyes vs controls（AUC=0.94）.CONCLUSION： Significant correlations are found between MD and parameters of short-duration transient VEP and CORDA,diagnostic modalities which warrant further consideration in identifying glaucoma characteristics.展开更多
Objective: Optimization of combining electroencephalography (EEG), short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SLSEP) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) techniques to diagnose brain death. Methods: One hundred and elev...Objective: Optimization of combining electroencephalography (EEG), short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SLSEP) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) techniques to diagnose brain death. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients (69 males, 42 females) from the major hospitals of Zhejiang Province were examined with portable EEG, SLSEP and TCD devices. Re-examinations occurred ≤12 h later. Results: The first examination revealed that the combination of SLSEP and EEG led to more sensitive diagnoses than the combination of SLSEP and TCD. Re-examination confirmed this and also revealed that the combination of TCD and EEG was the most sensitive. Conclusion: The results show that using multiple techniques to diagnose brain death is superior to using single method, and that the combination of SLSEP and EEG is better than other combinations.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Some previous studies have shown that exercise is an important factor that affects the latencies of visual-evoked potentials （VEPs）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of spending a period of time u...BACKGROUND： Some previous studies have shown that exercise is an important factor that affects the latencies of visual-evoked potentials （VEPs）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of spending a period of time undergoing tennis training on the latencies of VEPs by comparing the latencies of VEPs before tennis training with those after 8 weeks of tennis training. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The non-randomly concurrent controlled experiment was performed in the Department of Human Movement Sciences, Physical Education College, Shandong Normal University from April to June 2007. PARTICIPANTS： In total, 45 healthy volunteers from Shandong Normal University were selected as subjects, including 31 students majoring in physical education （11 males and 5 females participated in the tennis training plan for 8 weeks）, and 14 students from other subjects. Informed consent was obtained. According to whether they were majoring in physical education or not, and whether or not they took part in tennis training, the students were divided into 3 groups： a tennis group of physical education students （n = 16） a non-tennis group of physical education students （n =15） and a non-tennis group of non-physical education students （n = 14）. METHODS： The subjects in the tennis group took part in a regular tennis training plan of 2 hours a day and 3 days per week, for 8 weeks, while the subjects in two non-tennis groups were not in the tennis training plan The NDI-200 neural electricity tester （Shanghai Haishen Medical Electronic Instrument Co., Ltd.） was used to measure VEPs before and after the experiment in all three groups, and to compare the latencies of VEPs recorded before training with those recorded after training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison of the changes in latencies of VEPs before and after 8 weeks of tennis training. RESULTS： All 45 subjects finished the test and datas from all were included in the statistical analysis. There were no significant differences among all the three groups before tennis training, but the female subjects in each group showed significantly shorter N75 latencies than male subjects of the same group （P 〈 0.05）. Comparing the latencies of VEPs after training with those recorded before training, the N75, P100 and N145 latencies were all found to be significantly shorter than before training in the tennis group （P 〈 0.05）, but the N75, P100 and N145 latencies were unaffected in the two non-tennis groups （P 〉 0.05）; some latencies were even significantly longer than the before-training values. CONCLUSION： Special tennis training for 8 weeks can make the subjects＇ VEP latencies significantly shorter. Thus, VEP latencies can change with tennis training.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To review and discuss the Chinese and English literature on the use of pain-related evoked potentials(PREP) and short-latency somatosensory EP(SLSEP) in acupuncture research.METHODS:China National Knowledge ...OBJECTIVE:To review and discuss the Chinese and English literature on the use of pain-related evoked potentials(PREP) and short-latency somatosensory EP(SLSEP) in acupuncture research.METHODS:China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and MEDLINE were searched for the following key words:acupuncture and PREP or SLSEP.RESULTS:Thirty-seven articles were included in the review.Researchers usually use PREPs to study the analgesic effect of acupuncture,observe influential factors,or for mechanistic exploration.In the SLSEP studies,researchers focused on response characteristics of acupuncture,acupoint specificity,and influential factors of the treatment.There were some problems with the study design and conclusions.CONCLUSION:Researchers could use PREP and SLSEP to objectively validate the effects of acupuncture and explore its mechanisms using nerve electrophysiology.Further studies can benefit from observing more acupoints' effects using PREPs or SLSEPs and investigating the placebo effect of acupuncture.展开更多
Objective To study direct cortical electrical stimulation technique for the recording of motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia in central sulcus lesions. Methods The largest N20-P25 response was recorded fr...Objective To study direct cortical electrical stimulation technique for the recording of motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia in central sulcus lesions. Methods The largest N20-P25 response was recorded from postcentral gyrus by intraoperative monitoring of cortical motor evoked potentials in 10 patients with intracranial lesions near or in the central area. The muscles of upper extremity in all patients were activated by delivering stimulus to cortical areas continuously. Moving the cortical electrodes forward, the largest P20-N25 response, SEP phase reversal,was obtained as a motor center stimulus. In this site of cortex, a short train stimulation elicited reproducible muscle action potentials that could be observed from the oscilloscope without averaging.Results MEPs can be recorded, pre-and post-operatively, without motor deficits of upper limbs in all patients.Conclusion This technique seems to be preferable for intraoperative localization of motor evoked potentials in central sulcus lesions under total intravenous anesthesia.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） has been widely used to evaluate the functional integrity and development of injured auditory system and brain, especially to objectively evaluate the function...BACKGROUND： Brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） has been widely used to evaluate the functional integrity and development of injured auditory system and brain, especially to objectively evaluate the function of auditory system and brain stem of very young babies, such as neonates and sick babies. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of BAEP of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, and to investigate the relationship of bilirubin concentration and BAEP. DESIGN： An observation experiment. SETTING： Department of Pediatrics, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-eight neonates with mild or moderate hyperbilirubinemia exhibiting jaundice within 24 hours after born, who received the treatment in the Department of Pediatrics, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA between January 2004 and May 2007, were recruited in this study. The involved neonates, 31 boys and 27 girls, had gestational age of 37 to 46 weeks. They had no history of birth asphyxia, and were scored 8 to 10 points when born. Written informed consents of examination and treatment were obtained from the guardians of the neonates. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. According to serum total bilirubin value, the neonates were assigned into 3 groups： low-concentration bilirubin group （n =16）, moderate-concentration bilirubin group （n =27） and high-concentration bilirubin group （n =15）. According to mean daily bilirubin increase, the subjects were sub-assigned into bilirubin rapid increase group （n =39） and bilirubin slow increase group （n = 19）. METHODS： After admission, all the neonates received drug treatment. Meanwhile, their 116 ears were examined with a myoelectricity evoked potential equipment （KEYPOINT） in latency, wave duration, amplitude and wave shape differentiation of each wave of BAEP. BAEP abnormal type was observed and abnormal rate of BAEP was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Abnormal rate and abnormal type of BAEP. ② Latency of waves Ⅰ , Ⅲ and Ⅴ, and wave duration of waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ,Ⅲ to Ⅴ, and Ⅰ to Ⅴ. RESULTS： Fifty-eight neonates with mild or moderate hyperbilirubinemia were involved in the final analysis. ①Abnormal type and abnormal rate of BAEP of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia： Among the 116 ears, unilateral or bilateral waves Ⅰ, Ⅲ,Ⅴ still existed. The latency of waves Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ was ＋2.5 s longer than the normal level in 8, 4 and 15 ears, respectively. The wave duration of waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ and waves Ⅲ to Ⅴ was ＋2.5 s longer than the normal level in 6 and 14 ears, respectively. The wave duration of waves Ⅲ to Ⅴ was longer than that of ipsilateral waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ in 24 ears. The latency difference of wave Ⅴ between two ears was larger than 0.4 ms in 31 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia; The amplitude of wave Ⅴ to that of ipsilateral wave 1 was lower than 0.5 in 29 neonates. Totally 52 ears were abnormal, and the abnormal rate was 44.8%. One to two months later, 98% abnormal neonates with hyperbilirubinemia recovered. The abnormal rate in the low-, moderate-, and high-concentration bilirubin groups was 37.5%, 44.4% and 53.3%, respectively. ② Comparison of latency and wave duration of each wave of BAEP： Latency of waves Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ, and wave duration of waves Ⅰ to III and Ⅲ to Ⅴ were gradually prolonged in low-, moderate-, and high-concentration bilirubin groups, but significant difference did not exist between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. ③ There were no significant differences in latency of waves Ⅰ, Ⅲand Ⅴ, and wave duration of waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ, Ⅲto Ⅴ and Ⅰ to Ⅴ between bilirubin rapid increase group and bilirubin slow increase group （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Auditory acuity and brainstem of neonates with mild or moderate hyperbilirubinemia are damaged to some extent. High-concentration bilirubin causes BAEP abnormality easily. Bilirubin increase and its concentration change are not consistent with nervous lesion degree.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Electroencephalogram （EEG） and brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） are objective non-invasive means of measuring brain electrophysiology. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the value of EEG and BAEP in ear...BACKGROUND： Electroencephalogram （EEG） and brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） are objective non-invasive means of measuring brain electrophysiology. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the value of EEG and BAEP in early diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of central coordination disorder. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This case analysis study was performed at the Rehabilitation Center of Hunan Children＇s Hospital from January 2002 to January 2006. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 593 patients with severe central coordination disorder, comprising 455 boys and 138 girls, aged 1-6 months were enrolled for this study. METHODS： EEG was monitored using electroencephalography. BAEP was recorded using a Keypoint electromyogram device. Intelligence was tested by professionals using the Gesell scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The rate of abnormal EEG and BAEP, （2） correlation of abnormalities of EEG and BAEP with associated injuries, （3） correlation of abnormalities of EEG and BAEP with high risk factors. RESULTS： The rate of abnormal EEG was 68.6% （407/593 patients）, and was increased in patients who also had mental retardation （P 〈 0.05）. The rate of abnormal BAEP was 21.4% （127/593 patients）. These 127 patients included 67 patients （52.8%） with peripheral auditory damage and 60 patients （47.2%） with central and mixed auditory damage. The rate of abnormal BAEP was significantly increased in patients who also had mental retardation （P 〈 0.01 ）. Logistic regression analysis showed that asphyxia （P 〈 0.05）, jaundice, preterm delivery, low birth weight and the umbilical cord around the neck were closely correlated with abnormal EEG in patients with central coordination disorder, lntracranial hemorrhage, jaundice （P 〈 0.05）, low birth weight and intrauterine infection （P 〈 0.05） were closely correlated with abnormal BAEP in patients with central coordination disorder. CONCLUSION： Central coordination disorder is often associated with abnormal EEG and BAEP. The rate of EEG or BAEP abnormality is positively associated with the size of the brain injury. Asphyxia is a high risk factor for abnormal EEG in central coordination disorder. Jaundice and intrauterine infection are high risk factors for abnormal BAEP in central coordination disorder.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous experiments have demonstrated that brainstem auditory evoked potential is affected by exercise, exercise duration, and frequency. OBJECTIVE： Comparing the brainstem auditory evoked potential of students studying folk dance to students studying other subjects. DESIGN： Observational contrast study. SETTING： Physical Education College, Shandong Normal University PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-five female students were enrolled at Shandong Normal University between September and December in 2005, including 21 students that studied folk dance and 34 students that studied other subjects. The age of the folk dance students averaged （19 ± 1） years and dance training length was （6.0 ± 1.5） years. The students that studied other subjects had never taken part in dance training or other physical training, and their age averaged （22 ± 1） years, body height averaged （162 ± 5） cm, body mass averaged （51 ± 6） kg. All subjects had no prior ear disease or history of other neurological disorders. All students provided informed consent for the experimental project. METHODS： The neural electricity tester, NDI-200 （Shanghai Poseidon Medical Electronic Instrument Factory） was used to examine and record Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values of the subjects during silence, as well as to transversally analyze the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values. The electrode positions were cleaned and degreased with soapy water, followed by ethanol. The selected bipolar electrodes were situated on the head： recording electrodes were placed at the Baihui acupoint, and the reference electrode was placed at the mastoid of the measured ear, with grounding electrodes in the center of the forehead. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values were elicited by monaural stimulation of a ＂click＂ though an earphone; the other ear was sheltered by the white noise. The click intensity was 102 db, the stimulation frequency was 30 Hz, the bandpass filters were 1 000-3 000 Hz, the sensitivity was 5 ta V, and a total of 2 000 sweeps were averaged. Waveform identification and analysis： various components of the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential values were identified, and the peak latencies and peak-peak values were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Latency of Ⅰ , Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Peak-Peak Value of Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅴwere measured. RESULTS： Fifty-five subjects were enrolled in the final analysis, without any loss. Compared to the students who studied other subjects ① Ⅰ -Ⅴ peak latencies （PL）： Ⅳ PL of the right ear of the folk dance students was obviously longer （P 〈 0.05）; ② Ⅰ, Ⅲ, V peak-peak values：Ⅰ peak-peak values of the right ear were obviously higher （P 〈 0.05）. CONCUSION： ① PL of the right ear of the folk dance students was obviously longer, which indicates that dancing results in a stronger sensibility to auditory stimuli. ②. Peak-peak values were obviously higher, which indicates that long-term exercise enhances the music senses and synchrony of auditory nerve impulses.
基金Supported by the Department of Education in Henan (2000320042)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods: BAEPs were performed in 32 controls and 40 patients. Wave Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ latencies and Ⅰ-Ⅲ , Ⅲ-Ⅴ , Ⅰ-Ⅴ interpeak latencies were measured, respectively. Results: Abnormalities of BAEPs in 13 patients (13/40, 32 ％). Among the13 abnormal BAEPs, 3 displayed prolongation of latency to waves in one side, no potential in another side; 5 displayed a similar abnormality which was bilateral prolongation of latency to waves ;and another 5 displayed unilateral latency delay. Compared wave Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ , Ⅳ, Ⅴ latencies and Ⅰ-Ⅲ , Ⅲ-Ⅴ , Ⅰ-Ⅴ interpeak latencies in the patients and the controls, there were no significant differences (P＞0.05). Conclusion: BAEPs can be used for evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic values in the cases of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
文摘Auditory evoked potentials serve as an objective mode for assessment to check the functioning of the auditory system and neuroplasticity.Literature has reported enhanced electrophysiological responses in musicians, which shows neuroplasticity in musicians. Various databases including Pub Med, Google, Google Scholar and Medline were searched for references related to auditory evoked potentials in musicians from 1994 till date. Different auditory evoked potentials in musicians have been summarized in the present article. The findings of various studies may support as evidences for music-induced neuroplasticity which can be used for the treatment of various clinical disorders. The search results showed enhanced auditory evoked potentials in musicians compared to non-musicians from brainstem to cortical levels. Also, the present review showed enhanced attentive and pre-attentive skills in musicians compared to non-musicians.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia. METHODS: A total of 120 vertigo patients with posterior circulation ischemia were randomly divided into observation group and control group. 60 patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine. 60 patients in the observation group were treated with Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet on the basis of the control group. After 2 weeks of treatment, the improvement of vertigo(dizziness handicap inventory(DHI), dizziness handicap inventory(DHI)), the hemodynamic index(Basilar artery blood flow velocity(BA), left vertebroarterial artery(LVA), and the average blood flow velocity of right vertebroarterial artery(RVA)) and the changes in brain stem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) of two groups were observed. And statistical analysis was conducted for the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions during treatment of two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05). The DHI and DARS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the degree of reduction was more obvious in the observation group(P < 0.05). The levels of BA, LVA and RVA in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P < 0.05), and the levels of BA, LVA and RVA in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05). The indexes of BAEP latency I, II, III and indexes of BAEP peak latency I-III, III-V, IV were obviously lower than those before treatment(P < 0.05). Besides, the decrease of BAEP index in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P < 0.05). No adverse reactions occurred during the treatment of the two groups. CONCLUSION: Qiangli Dingxuan Tablet is able to significantly improve the cerebral hemodynamics and brainstem auditory evoked potentials of patients with PCIV, and quickly relieve vertigo. It is safe and reliable and worthy of clinical application.
文摘Objective: To study the relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) thresholds and behavioral thresholds in pediatric populations with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods: Fifteen children (mean age 6.8 years) with bilateral SNHL underwent behavioral pure-tone audiometry and CAEP testing at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. CAEP thresholds were determined using tone bursts, and correlations between CAEP and pure-tone thresholds were analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests. Results: A strong positive correlation was observed between P1 thresholds and behavioral thresholds across all test frequencies: 0.5 kHz (r = 0.765, p Conclusion: The strong correlation between P1 and behavioral thresholds demonstrates the reliability of CAEP testing for estimating auditory thresholds in children. These findings support the use of CAEP testing as a reliable objective tool for threshold estimation, particularly in cases where behavioral responses cannot be reliably obtained. When adjusted with frequency-specific correction values, CAEP testing provides a reliable method for assessing hearing thresholds in pediatric populations.
文摘Objective To observe the impacts of acupuncture on brainstem evoked potentials in the patients with primary depression. Methods Forty cases of primary depression were treated by acupuncture at Baihui （百会 GV 20）, Yinatng （印堂 GV 29）, DazhuT （大椎 GV 14）, bilateral Shenmen （神门 HT 7）, bilateral Taichong （太冲 LR 3）, bilateral Neiguan （内关 PC 6） and SanyTnjiao （三阴交 SP 6）. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture treatment was given once every two days, three treatments a week. The brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） and visual evoked potential （VEP） were observed in 6 weeks of treatment. The change in Hamilton depression scale （HAMD） score was observed before and after treatment in the depression group. Results After treatment, VEP wave latency was shortened significantly in patients of depression （P〈0.05）, BAEPIII wave latency was shortened significantly （P〈0.05）. The score of HAMD was decreased apparently in the depression group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The stressability of visual and auditory stimuli in the central nervous system was decreased in the patients of depression. Acupuncture shortens remarkably the brainstem evoked potentials latency in the patients of depression and achieves the effective results in the treatment of primary depression.
文摘 Under the auditory evoked brain stem potential (ABP) examination, the latent period of V wave and the intermittent periods of III-V peak and I-V peak were significantly shortened in Parkinson's disease patients of the treatment group (N=29) after acupuncture treatment. The difference of cumulative scores in Webster's scale was also decreased in correlation analysis. The increase of dopamine in the brain and the excitability of the dopamine neurons may contribute to the therapeutic effects, in TCM terms, of subduing the pathogenic wind and tranquilizing the mind.……
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670945,No.81970891,No.81600809,No.81700915)the Shaanxi Major International Cooperative Project of China(No.2020KWZ-019)the Key R&D Projects in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2018SF-189).
文摘Objective Auditory neuropathy(AN)is a unique pattern of hearing loss with preservation of hair cell function.The condition is characterized by the presence of otoacoustic emissions(OAE)or cochlear microphonic(CM)responses with severe abnormalities of the auditory brainstem response(ABR).The vestibular branches of the VIII cranial nerve and the structures innervated by it can also be affected.However,the precise lesion sites in the vestibular system are not well characterized in patients with AN.Methods The air-conducted sound(ACS)vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs)and galvanic vestibular stimuli(GVS)-VEMPs were examined in 14 patients with AN.Results On examination of VEMPs(n=14,28 ears),the absent rates of ACS-cervical VEMP(cVEMP),ACS-ocular VEMP(oVEMP),GVS-cVEMP,GVS-oVEMP and caloric test were 92.9%(26/28),85.7%(24/28),67.9%(19/28),53.6%(15/28),and 61.5%(8/13),respectively.Impaired functions of the saccule,inferior vestibular nerve,utricle,superior vestibular nerve,and horizontal semicircular canal were found in 25.0%(7/28),67.9%(19/28),32.1%(9/28),53.6%(15/28)and 61.5%(8/13)patients,respectively.On comparing the elicited VEMPs parameters of AN patients with those of normal controls,both ACS-VEMPs and GVS-VEMPs showed abnormal results in AN patients(such as,lower presence rates,elevated thresholds,prolonged latencies,and decreased amplitudes).Conclusion The study suggested that patients with AN often have concomitant vestibular disorders.Retro-labyrinthine lesions were more frequently observed in this study.GVS-VEMPs combined with ACS-VEMPs may help identify the lesion sites and facilitate detection of areas of vestibular dysfunction in these patients.
文摘Tinnitus is a concerning condition that affects most adults worldwide,with a prevalence of 6.7%.Theories of tinnitus have explained that an increase in spontaneous neural activity at the level of the thalamus could induce tinnitus.There are no standardized objective tests for tinnitus assessment because of its multifaceted nature.Hence,the current study aimed to explore the effect of Tinnitus on Latency and Amplitude of the Auditory Middle Latency Response in Audiological Attendees.The study recruited 50 individuals(25 normals and 25 individuals with tinnitus)who underwent audiological evaluations like Pure tone audiometry,immittance,pitch and loudness matching,THI and middle latency response.The IHS program was used to record MLR,which was obtained using tone burst stimuli of 500 Hz,1 KHz,2 KHz,and 4 KHz at a rate of 7.1/s with a constant duration of 5 ms,for a total of 1500 sweeps.As a covariate,pure tone thresholds were one of the variabilities that were addressed by ANCOVA.The amplitude of the Pa component varied significantly between the tinnitus and control groups,according to the MLR data and no other components of MLR reached that significance.Furthermore,there was no discernible variation in the latency or amplitude of MLR among any of the other components.The latency of the waveforms increased as the stimulus frequency increased.Karl Pearson correlation coefficient showed no significant correlation between THI scores and any of the outcome measures except for Pa amplitude.As the Pa component of MLR showed maximum changes between controls and individuals with tinnitus,the Pa component could be considered a potential tool for identifying neurophysiological changes related to tinnitus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Research of Central Mechanism on Electro Acupuncture in Desalinating Internet Addiction of Patients with Pathological Internet Use based on Mirror Neuron System(No.81574047)Research of Central Responsive Mechanism on Electro Acupuncture in the Adjustment of Internet Addiction Impulse Control Disorder(No.81072852)+5 种基金Fund of the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation:Research of Central Integration Mechanism on Electro Acupuncture in the Adjustment of Prefrontal Cortex-Buckle Impulse Control Loops related to Internet Addiction(No.131106)The Training Funds of Academic and Technical Leader in Sichuan Province:Research on the Central Mechanism of Electro-Acupuncture Rehabilitation Treatment for Internet Addiction Based on Brain Working Memory NetworkApplied Basic Research Projects of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department:Research of Central Integration Mechanism on the Effect of Electro Acupuncture on Brain Working Memory of Internet Addiction Disorder Patients(No.2013JY0162)Sichuan Provincial Health Department Project:Research on Brain Working Ability and the Characteristics of Electroencephalograph Entropy in IAD Patients(No.110083)People-Benefiting Technology Research and Development Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau:Research on Electro Acupuncture in 5-HT and 5-HTT Gene as Well as its Expression Control of Pathological Internet Use Patients(No.2014-HM01-00180-SF)The Colleges and UniversitiesApplication Achievement-transformation Project Plan in Chengdu Municipal Science and Technology Bureau:Research of Central Responsive Mechanism and the Effect of Electro Acupuncture on Working Memory Of IAD Patients(No.12DXYB148JH-002)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture(EA) combined with psychological intervention on the symptom of somzatization or obsession and mental symptom of depression or anxiety and P50 of Auditory Evoked Potential(AEP) on internet addiction disorder(IAD).METHODS: One hundred and twenty cases of IAD were randomly divided into an EA group, a psycho-intervention(PI) group and a comprehensive therapy(EA plus PI) group. Patients in the EA group were treated with EA. Patients in the PI group were treated with cognition and behavior therapy. Patients in the EA plus PI group were treated with electro-acupuncture plus psychological intervention. Scores of IAD, scores of the symptom checklist90(SCL-90), latency and amplitude of P50 of AEP were measured before and after treatment.RESULTS: The scores of IAD after treatment significantly decreased in all groups(P < 0.05), and thescores of IAD in the EA plus PI group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups(P < 0.05). The scores of SCL-90 assembled and each factor after treatment in the EA plus PI group significantly decreased(P < 0.05). After treatment in the EA plus PI group, the amplitude distance of S1P50 and S2P50(S1-S2) significantly increased(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: EA combined with PI could relieve the mental symptoms of IAD patients, and the mechanism is possibly related to the increase of cerebrum sense perception gating function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81101370,81101399,81272018the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China,No.BK2011303+2 种基金Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Program(Social Development)in China,No.BE2011672University Natural Science Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Higher Education,No.12KJB320008College Graduate Research and Innovation Plan of Jiangsu Province in China,No.CXZZ11_0126
文摘It remains unclear whether spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by ischemia and other non-mechanical factors can be monitored by somatosensory evoked potentials. Therefore, we monitored spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits using somatosensory evoked potential detection technology. The results showed that the somatosensory evoked potential latency was significantly prolonged and the amplitude significantly reduced until it disappeared during the period of spinal cord ischemia. After reperfusion for 30-180 minutes, the amplitude and latency began to gradually recover; at 360 minutes of reperfusion, the latency showed no significant difference compared with the pre-ischemic value, while the somatosensory evoked potential amplitude in- creased, and severe hindlimb motor dysfunctions were detected. Experimental findings suggest that changes in somatosensory evoked potentia~ ~atency can reflect the degree of spinat cord ischemic injury, while the amplitude variations are indicators of the late spinal cord reperfusion injury, which provide evidence for the assessment of limb motor function and avoid iatrogenic spinal cord injury.
基金supported in part by the Waikato Medical Research Foundation
文摘Despite their ubiquitous use for rendering patients unconscious for surgery, our understanding of how general anesthetics cause hypnosis remains rudimentary at best. Recent years have seen increased interest in ＂top-down＂ cortico-centric theories of anesthetic action. The aim of this study was to explore this by investigating direct cortical effects of anesthetics on cerebrocortical evoked potentials in isolated mouse brain slices. Evoked potentials were elicited in cortical layer IV by electrical stimulation of the underlying white matter. The effects of three anesthetics （ketamine, etomidate, and isoflurane） on the amplitude, latency, and slope of short-latency evoked potentials were quantified. The N2/P3/N4 potentials - which represent the early cortical response - were enhanced by etomidate （increased P3-N4 slope, P 〈0.01）, maintained by ketamine, and reduced by isoflurane （lower N2/P3 amplitude, P 〈0.01）. These effects closely resemble those seen in vivo for the same drugs and point to a cortical mechanism independent of effects on subcortical structures such as the thalamus.
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Akdeniz University,Turkey
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials(VEPs)in diabetic rats.·METHODS:Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control,diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate.Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg/kg).Sodium tungstate[40 mg/(kg·d)]was administered for 12 wk and then VEPs were recorded.Additionally,thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)levels were measured in brain tissues.·RESULTS:The latencies of P1,N1,P2,N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group.Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs.However,prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group.The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group.·CONCLUSION:Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats,and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the use of short-duration transient visual evoked potentials（VEP） and color reflectivity discretization analysis（CORDA） in glaucomatous eyes,eyes suspected of having glaucoma,and healthy eyes.METHODS： The study included 136 eyes from 136 subjects： 49 eyes with glaucoma,45 glaucoma suspect eyes,and 42 healthy eyes.Subjects underwent Humphrey visual field（VF） testing,VEP testing,as well as peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography imaging studies with post-acquisition CORDA applied.Statistical analysis was performed using means and ranges,ANOVA,post-hoc comparisons using Turkey＇s adjustment,Fisher＇s Exact test,area under the curve,and Spearman correlation coefficients.RESULTS： Parameters from VEP and CORDA correlated significantly with VF mean deviation（MD）（P〈0.05）.In distinguishing glaucomatous eyes from controls,VEP demonstrated area under the curve（AUC） values of 0.64-0.75 for amplitude and 0.67-0.81 for latency.The CORDA HR1 parameter was highly discriminative for glaucomatous eyes vs controls（AUC=0.94）.CONCLUSION： Significant correlations are found between MD and parameters of short-duration transient VEP and CORDA,diagnostic modalities which warrant further consideration in identifying glaucoma characteristics.
文摘Objective: Optimization of combining electroencephalography (EEG), short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SLSEP) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) techniques to diagnose brain death. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients (69 males, 42 females) from the major hospitals of Zhejiang Province were examined with portable EEG, SLSEP and TCD devices. Re-examinations occurred ≤12 h later. Results: The first examination revealed that the combination of SLSEP and EEG led to more sensitive diagnoses than the combination of SLSEP and TCD. Re-examination confirmed this and also revealed that the combination of TCD and EEG was the most sensitive. Conclusion: The results show that using multiple techniques to diagnose brain death is superior to using single method, and that the combination of SLSEP and EEG is better than other combinations.
文摘BACKGROUND： Some previous studies have shown that exercise is an important factor that affects the latencies of visual-evoked potentials （VEPs）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of spending a period of time undergoing tennis training on the latencies of VEPs by comparing the latencies of VEPs before tennis training with those after 8 weeks of tennis training. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The non-randomly concurrent controlled experiment was performed in the Department of Human Movement Sciences, Physical Education College, Shandong Normal University from April to June 2007. PARTICIPANTS： In total, 45 healthy volunteers from Shandong Normal University were selected as subjects, including 31 students majoring in physical education （11 males and 5 females participated in the tennis training plan for 8 weeks）, and 14 students from other subjects. Informed consent was obtained. According to whether they were majoring in physical education or not, and whether or not they took part in tennis training, the students were divided into 3 groups： a tennis group of physical education students （n = 16） a non-tennis group of physical education students （n =15） and a non-tennis group of non-physical education students （n = 14）. METHODS： The subjects in the tennis group took part in a regular tennis training plan of 2 hours a day and 3 days per week, for 8 weeks, while the subjects in two non-tennis groups were not in the tennis training plan The NDI-200 neural electricity tester （Shanghai Haishen Medical Electronic Instrument Co., Ltd.） was used to measure VEPs before and after the experiment in all three groups, and to compare the latencies of VEPs recorded before training with those recorded after training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparison of the changes in latencies of VEPs before and after 8 weeks of tennis training. RESULTS： All 45 subjects finished the test and datas from all were included in the statistical analysis. There were no significant differences among all the three groups before tennis training, but the female subjects in each group showed significantly shorter N75 latencies than male subjects of the same group （P 〈 0.05）. Comparing the latencies of VEPs after training with those recorded before training, the N75, P100 and N145 latencies were all found to be significantly shorter than before training in the tennis group （P 〈 0.05）, but the N75, P100 and N145 latencies were unaffected in the two non-tennis groups （P 〉 0.05）; some latencies were even significantly longer than the before-training values. CONCLUSION： Special tennis training for 8 weeks can make the subjects＇ VEP latencies significantly shorter. Thus, VEP latencies can change with tennis training.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)-the Effect of De Qi on Acupoint Specific Effect Based on Meridians and its Characteristics and Molecular Response Mechanisms(No.2012CB518506)Research on Acupoint Specificity in Regulating Uterus(No.2006CB504503)+2 种基金Research on Laws of Acupoint Effects(No.2005CB523308)National Natural Science Foundation of China-Traditional Acupuncture Formula for Inducing Labor(Hegu-Sanyinjiao,LI4-SP6)Electro-acupuncture Parameter Optimization and Molecular Response Mechanisms(No.30973793)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of Ministry Education of China-Research Based on Primary Dysmenorrhea on Electric Characteristics of Acupoints Which Were Different Ones on the Same Meridians or Similar Ones on the Different Meridians(No.20090013110005)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To review and discuss the Chinese and English literature on the use of pain-related evoked potentials(PREP) and short-latency somatosensory EP(SLSEP) in acupuncture research.METHODS:China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and MEDLINE were searched for the following key words:acupuncture and PREP or SLSEP.RESULTS:Thirty-seven articles were included in the review.Researchers usually use PREPs to study the analgesic effect of acupuncture,observe influential factors,or for mechanistic exploration.In the SLSEP studies,researchers focused on response characteristics of acupuncture,acupoint specificity,and influential factors of the treatment.There were some problems with the study design and conclusions.CONCLUSION:Researchers could use PREP and SLSEP to objectively validate the effects of acupuncture and explore its mechanisms using nerve electrophysiology.Further studies can benefit from observing more acupoints' effects using PREPs or SLSEPs and investigating the placebo effect of acupuncture.
基金Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai, China (024119019).
文摘Objective To study direct cortical electrical stimulation technique for the recording of motor evoked potentials under general anesthesia in central sulcus lesions. Methods The largest N20-P25 response was recorded from postcentral gyrus by intraoperative monitoring of cortical motor evoked potentials in 10 patients with intracranial lesions near or in the central area. The muscles of upper extremity in all patients were activated by delivering stimulus to cortical areas continuously. Moving the cortical electrodes forward, the largest P20-N25 response, SEP phase reversal,was obtained as a motor center stimulus. In this site of cortex, a short train stimulation elicited reproducible muscle action potentials that could be observed from the oscilloscope without averaging.Results MEPs can be recorded, pre-and post-operatively, without motor deficits of upper limbs in all patients.Conclusion This technique seems to be preferable for intraoperative localization of motor evoked potentials in central sulcus lesions under total intravenous anesthesia.
文摘BACKGROUND： Brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） has been widely used to evaluate the functional integrity and development of injured auditory system and brain, especially to objectively evaluate the function of auditory system and brain stem of very young babies, such as neonates and sick babies. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of BAEP of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, and to investigate the relationship of bilirubin concentration and BAEP. DESIGN： An observation experiment. SETTING： Department of Pediatrics, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-eight neonates with mild or moderate hyperbilirubinemia exhibiting jaundice within 24 hours after born, who received the treatment in the Department of Pediatrics, the 309 Clinical Division, General Hospital of Chinese PLA between January 2004 and May 2007, were recruited in this study. The involved neonates, 31 boys and 27 girls, had gestational age of 37 to 46 weeks. They had no history of birth asphyxia, and were scored 8 to 10 points when born. Written informed consents of examination and treatment were obtained from the guardians of the neonates. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. According to serum total bilirubin value, the neonates were assigned into 3 groups： low-concentration bilirubin group （n =16）, moderate-concentration bilirubin group （n =27） and high-concentration bilirubin group （n =15）. According to mean daily bilirubin increase, the subjects were sub-assigned into bilirubin rapid increase group （n =39） and bilirubin slow increase group （n = 19）. METHODS： After admission, all the neonates received drug treatment. Meanwhile, their 116 ears were examined with a myoelectricity evoked potential equipment （KEYPOINT） in latency, wave duration, amplitude and wave shape differentiation of each wave of BAEP. BAEP abnormal type was observed and abnormal rate of BAEP was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Abnormal rate and abnormal type of BAEP. ② Latency of waves Ⅰ , Ⅲ and Ⅴ, and wave duration of waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ,Ⅲ to Ⅴ, and Ⅰ to Ⅴ. RESULTS： Fifty-eight neonates with mild or moderate hyperbilirubinemia were involved in the final analysis. ①Abnormal type and abnormal rate of BAEP of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia： Among the 116 ears, unilateral or bilateral waves Ⅰ, Ⅲ,Ⅴ still existed. The latency of waves Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ was ＋2.5 s longer than the normal level in 8, 4 and 15 ears, respectively. The wave duration of waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ and waves Ⅲ to Ⅴ was ＋2.5 s longer than the normal level in 6 and 14 ears, respectively. The wave duration of waves Ⅲ to Ⅴ was longer than that of ipsilateral waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ in 24 ears. The latency difference of wave Ⅴ between two ears was larger than 0.4 ms in 31 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia; The amplitude of wave Ⅴ to that of ipsilateral wave 1 was lower than 0.5 in 29 neonates. Totally 52 ears were abnormal, and the abnormal rate was 44.8%. One to two months later, 98% abnormal neonates with hyperbilirubinemia recovered. The abnormal rate in the low-, moderate-, and high-concentration bilirubin groups was 37.5%, 44.4% and 53.3%, respectively. ② Comparison of latency and wave duration of each wave of BAEP： Latency of waves Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ, and wave duration of waves Ⅰ to III and Ⅲ to Ⅴ were gradually prolonged in low-, moderate-, and high-concentration bilirubin groups, but significant difference did not exist between two groups （P 〉 0.05）. ③ There were no significant differences in latency of waves Ⅰ, Ⅲand Ⅴ, and wave duration of waves Ⅰ to Ⅲ, Ⅲto Ⅴ and Ⅰ to Ⅴ between bilirubin rapid increase group and bilirubin slow increase group （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Auditory acuity and brainstem of neonates with mild or moderate hyperbilirubinemia are damaged to some extent. High-concentration bilirubin causes BAEP abnormality easily. Bilirubin increase and its concentration change are not consistent with nervous lesion degree.
文摘BACKGROUND： Electroencephalogram （EEG） and brainstem auditory evoked potential （BAEP） are objective non-invasive means of measuring brain electrophysiology. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the value of EEG and BAEP in early diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of central coordination disorder. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This case analysis study was performed at the Rehabilitation Center of Hunan Children＇s Hospital from January 2002 to January 2006. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 593 patients with severe central coordination disorder, comprising 455 boys and 138 girls, aged 1-6 months were enrolled for this study. METHODS： EEG was monitored using electroencephalography. BAEP was recorded using a Keypoint electromyogram device. Intelligence was tested by professionals using the Gesell scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The rate of abnormal EEG and BAEP, （2） correlation of abnormalities of EEG and BAEP with associated injuries, （3） correlation of abnormalities of EEG and BAEP with high risk factors. RESULTS： The rate of abnormal EEG was 68.6% （407/593 patients）, and was increased in patients who also had mental retardation （P 〈 0.05）. The rate of abnormal BAEP was 21.4% （127/593 patients）. These 127 patients included 67 patients （52.8%） with peripheral auditory damage and 60 patients （47.2%） with central and mixed auditory damage. The rate of abnormal BAEP was significantly increased in patients who also had mental retardation （P 〈 0.01 ）. Logistic regression analysis showed that asphyxia （P 〈 0.05）, jaundice, preterm delivery, low birth weight and the umbilical cord around the neck were closely correlated with abnormal EEG in patients with central coordination disorder, lntracranial hemorrhage, jaundice （P 〈 0.05）, low birth weight and intrauterine infection （P 〈 0.05） were closely correlated with abnormal BAEP in patients with central coordination disorder. CONCLUSION： Central coordination disorder is often associated with abnormal EEG and BAEP. The rate of EEG or BAEP abnormality is positively associated with the size of the brain injury. Asphyxia is a high risk factor for abnormal EEG in central coordination disorder. Jaundice and intrauterine infection are high risk factors for abnormal BAEP in central coordination disorder.
