In the legal and philosophical study of torture,two major problems arise:Why is torture evil(Problem 1)?And is there a form of permissible torture(Problem 2)?The key issue in Problem 1 is demonstrating the uniqueness ...In the legal and philosophical study of torture,two major problems arise:Why is torture evil(Problem 1)?And is there a form of permissible torture(Problem 2)?The key issue in Problem 1 is demonstrating the uniqueness of the evils of torture,while Problem 2 aims to find a suitable theory to balance the“intuitive rejection”and“intuition of exceptional cases”in the ticking bomb scenario.Existing mainstream approaches have generally failed to resolve these issues.However,Matthew Kramer’s view of torture addresses both aspects of these problems.For Problem 1,Kramer adopts a perpetrator-centered viewpoint,arguing that torture undermines the moral integrity of the perpetrator.Regarding Problem 2,he suggests that the situation we face is a moral conflict in which the use of torture is morally wrong but might be the best action in a given context,granting it a weaker form of permissibility.However,in terms of the evils of torture,Kramer fails to explain its uniqueness.His theory cannot apply to all types of torture,and his perpetrator-centered argument contains logical flaws.Regarding the permissibility of torture,while Kramer’s overall approach is correct,he does not provide a reasonable explanation of the moral obligation to“forbid torture”or the prima facie surrounding it.A correct view of torture should adhere to an inmate-centered viewpoint,understanding the evils of torture in an additive manner in Problem 1,and acknowledging the existence of moral conflict in Problem 2.It should not only demonstrate that,in some situations,the use of torture may be the morally best option,but also show that the moral obligation to prohibit torture is simply outweighed under these circumstances.展开更多
The elephant-foot drum is one of the most representative musical instrument of the Dai ethnic group.The drum-making skill was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2011.The elephant-foot drum dance is v...The elephant-foot drum is one of the most representative musical instrument of the Dai ethnic group.The drum-making skill was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2011.The elephant-foot drum dance is very popular among the Dai people.It can be danced by one or two people or a group of people.It is often performed during festivals.This form of dance was at first used to scare off evil(邪恶)and welcome the new year.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To uncover the biological foundation of the prevailing TCM syndrome in individuals with Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),Zhengxu Xieshi(ZXXS),which is characterized by a deficiency in vital Qi and an...OBJECTIVE:To uncover the biological foundation of the prevailing TCM syndrome in individuals with Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),Zhengxu Xieshi(ZXXS),which is characterized by a deficiency in vital Qi and an excess in evil Qi.METHODS:We investigated shifts in vital Qi by quantifying systemic metabolic changes in the peripheral blood.Serum metabolomic profiling was conducted on the ESCC cohort 1 along with a matched healthy control cohort.Additionally,we assessed changes in evil Qi by examining metabolic perturbations in ESCC tissues.This analysis involved metabolomic and proteomic surveys of ESCC tissues and paired normal adjacent tissues as controls in an independent ESCC cohort 2.RESULTS:Serum metabolomic profiling highlighted the prevalent downregulation of differentially expressed metabolites in patient sera,in contrast to the upregulation observed in ESCC tissues,compared to their respective controls.Remarkably,the group of differential metabolites in the ESCC tissues was predominantly composed of amino acids.Thus,we focused on amino acid metabolism.Our integrative analysis showed the downregulation of a significant majority of disturbed amino acids in patient sera relative to the upregulation of an overwhelming proportion of perturbed amino acids within ESCC tissues.Enrichment analysis of these amino acids revealed seven metabolic pathways that contribute to the metabolism of antioxidants,energy intermediates,and biosynthetic precursors.Interestingly,these pathways displayed attenuation in patient sera but augmentation in ESCC tissues.Similarly,the proteomic data confirmed the activation of these pathways in ESCC tissues.CONCLUSION:This study presents a new perspective on the prevalence of ZXXS syndrome in patients with ESCC,contextualized within the realm of metabolic reprogramming.Specifically,diminished amino acid metabolism in the circulating blood corresponds to a deficiency in vital Qi.Conversely,hyperactive amino acid metabolism in ESCC tissues signifies an augmentation of local evil Qi.These findings hold potential to enrich the current medical framework and offer a deeper understanding of ESCC management by integrating the principles of ZXXS syndrome.展开更多
In the west,a viewpoint of evil human nature is accepted by most of critics.William Golding exposes this hideous nature in Lord of the Flies.This paper analyses the ugly human performances in details,and it also see t...In the west,a viewpoint of evil human nature is accepted by most of critics.William Golding exposes this hideous nature in Lord of the Flies.This paper analyses the ugly human performances in details,and it also see the force about justice from the novel.The force is fighting with the evilness all the time.Although the justice is in a passive position temporarily,it finally defeats the evil.展开更多
Hawthorne was a great writer who reminds us of human limitations.He called his tales "allegories of the heart." Hawthorne's allegories are stories of how pride and isolation frustrate our capacity for lo...Hawthorne was a great writer who reminds us of human limitations.He called his tales "allegories of the heart." Hawthorne's allegories are stories of how pride and isolation frustrate our capacity for love and sympathy.Isolation or "alienation" is Hawthorne's principal theme and problem,and loss of contact with reality is the ultimate penalty he envisions.Therefore,reading Hawthorne's stories is a journey to explore human being's evil.展开更多
Using social network analysis method,this paper made an empirical study on growth of evil forces in land requisition and relocation in City G of Hubei Province. It obtained following results:(i) lawless developers and...Using social network analysis method,this paper made an empirical study on growth of evil forces in land requisition and relocation in City G of Hubei Province. It obtained following results:(i) lawless developers and inefficient public security organs form interested parties of evil forces. Besides,the inward closeness centrality of evil forces is high,manifesting that evil forces independently possess decentralized power of network and have unscrupulous behavior in land requisition and relocation to a certain extent.(ii) Activities of evil forces have complicated spatial correlation and their geographical distribution is uneven,taking on irregular characteristics. In the field of land requisition and relocation,some evil forces are expandi Xng and spreading,while other forces are relatively weak. In conclusion,growth of evil forces comes from premeditation and collaboration of lawless developers,lack of functions and weak attack of public security organs; growth of evil forces has periodic changes,when in power,they will take opportunity to expand,while losing power,they will hide or even disappear.展开更多
The novel, Lord of the flies, written by William Golding （1911-1993） who was among the most popular and influential British authors to have emerged after World War II, is permeated with symbolism. His reputation res...The novel, Lord of the flies, written by William Golding （1911-1993） who was among the most popular and influential British authors to have emerged after World War II, is permeated with symbolism. His reputation rested primarily upon his acclaimed first novel. The present paper attempts to examine the theme of Lord of the flies in respects of its counter-tradition treatment of boys, evil actions of innocent boys and its use of symbols and arrives at a tentative conclusion that the combination of the three above-mentioned elements helps the novel to express the theme that evil is human nature.展开更多
In the history of the western civilization, the trial of Socrates and the trial of Jesus in the Christian history are equally famous. This trial implied several enduring and classical topics in the history of the west...In the history of the western civilization, the trial of Socrates and the trial of Jesus in the Christian history are equally famous. This trial implied several enduring and classical topics in the history of the western legal thoughts. Why did Socrates accept the results of the ＂Miscarriage of Justice＂？ Who led to the wrong decision？ Why would Socrates be executed？ This article is precisely embarked from this trial, to explore ajurisprudent issue related to the trial： the debate on Evil law is law and Evil law is illegal.展开更多
This paper discusses the dark side of humanity exposed in Heart of Darkness. It analyses how Marlow finds the evil and deceitful nature of human beings during the journey into Africa.
This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’...This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas.e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.展开更多
War has brought mankind a seething world,and the evil of war has brought western civilization and morality to a dead end.This paper discusses William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies and Graham Greene’s The Destruc...War has brought mankind a seething world,and the evil of war has brought western civilization and morality to a dead end.This paper discusses William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies and Graham Greene’s The Destructors.To have a better under⁃standing of the autho’s thought:war is rooted in the original evil of human nature.In the novel,there is no external binding force,such as ethical,moral,legal and religious control.The original evil of human nature is revealed,and the fierce conflict between civi⁃lization and barbarism is aroused,which are intertwined and manifest themselves through multiple symbolic meanings.Based on the theory of symbolism,the paper will classify the name,objects and characters with symbolic significance that appear in large numbers in two novels,and discuss its symbolic meaning and the function of these symbolic meanings to the development of the theme respectively.In order to better grasp the moral of the novel as a whole,ring the alarm bell for human beings,and cause peo-ple to ponder over the various evils of human beings.展开更多
Upper airway cough syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome with chronic cough as the main manifestation caused by the reverse flow of secretions from various upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis,rhino-sinusi...Upper airway cough syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome with chronic cough as the main manifestation caused by the reverse flow of secretions from various upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis,rhino-sinusitis,adenoid hypertrophy and other parts of the nose and pharynx.Professor Yin Dan believes that the main disease of upper airway cough syndrome is due to cold fluid retained in lung,blood stasis endogenous,compound feeling of wind evil.The pathogenesis is external wind evil and the hidden pathogen together to cause the disease.In the treatment,the warm cold fluid retention is the core,accompanied by the activation of blood and wind,so that the wind evil can go away,the cold evil can be warmed,the phlegm can be removed,and the blood stasis can be dispersed,so as to achieve the purpose of treating the upper airway cough syndrome of the children’s cold fluid retention in lung.展开更多
The beautiful Swan Queen under the spell of the evil Magician is performed with passion and power in an exciting new version of the classic ballet Swan Lake. The performance is presented in a unique collaboration betw...The beautiful Swan Queen under the spell of the evil Magician is performed with passion and power in an exciting new version of the classic ballet Swan Lake. The performance is presented in a unique collaboration between Joburg Ballet of South Africa and the Liaoning Ballet of China. Swan Lake is part of the celebrations for the Year of China in South Africa taking place during 2015, that showcase the growing cooperation in China-South Africa cooperation.展开更多
基金This text represents a periodic outcome of the Beijing Social Science Fund Youth Project(Project Approval Number 22FXC018).
文摘In the legal and philosophical study of torture,two major problems arise:Why is torture evil(Problem 1)?And is there a form of permissible torture(Problem 2)?The key issue in Problem 1 is demonstrating the uniqueness of the evils of torture,while Problem 2 aims to find a suitable theory to balance the“intuitive rejection”and“intuition of exceptional cases”in the ticking bomb scenario.Existing mainstream approaches have generally failed to resolve these issues.However,Matthew Kramer’s view of torture addresses both aspects of these problems.For Problem 1,Kramer adopts a perpetrator-centered viewpoint,arguing that torture undermines the moral integrity of the perpetrator.Regarding Problem 2,he suggests that the situation we face is a moral conflict in which the use of torture is morally wrong but might be the best action in a given context,granting it a weaker form of permissibility.However,in terms of the evils of torture,Kramer fails to explain its uniqueness.His theory cannot apply to all types of torture,and his perpetrator-centered argument contains logical flaws.Regarding the permissibility of torture,while Kramer’s overall approach is correct,he does not provide a reasonable explanation of the moral obligation to“forbid torture”or the prima facie surrounding it.A correct view of torture should adhere to an inmate-centered viewpoint,understanding the evils of torture in an additive manner in Problem 1,and acknowledging the existence of moral conflict in Problem 2.It should not only demonstrate that,in some situations,the use of torture may be the morally best option,but also show that the moral obligation to prohibit torture is simply outweighed under these circumstances.
文摘The elephant-foot drum is one of the most representative musical instrument of the Dai ethnic group.The drum-making skill was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2011.The elephant-foot drum dance is very popular among the Dai people.It can be danced by one or two people or a group of people.It is often performed during festivals.This form of dance was at first used to scare off evil(邪恶)and welcome the new year.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:Establishment of Syndrome-Disease Warning System and Investigation of the Clinical Features and Evolution Patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in Esophageal Cancer under Modern Medical Diagnosis and Treatment(2023YFC3503200,2023YFC3503201)Biological Basis of the Pathogenesis of Cancer Toxin in Traditional Chinese Medicine(2022YFC3500200,2022YFC3500202)+12 种基金Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:Mechanistic Study of the Nucleolar Methyltransferase Fibrillarin to Promote Neoplastic Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Activating Nucleoside Synthesis(No.32170778)Mechanistic Study of Renal Cancer Neoplastic Growth Driven by Glucose Transporter 5-Mediated Fructose Metabolism Reprogramming(No.31970708)Mechanistic Study of Methionine Cycle Modulating the Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma through"DNA Methylation-DNA Stability-p53/p21-cell Cycle"Pathway(No.82002953)the Antitumor Mechanism of Oleanolic Acid via Autophagy by Regulating Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin-Unc51 Like Kinase 1 Pathway and Inhibiting Purine Salvage Pathway(No.82004177)USP14 Cooperates with Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L5 to Regulate Constitutive Photomorphogenic 9 Signalosome-mediated Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Deubiquitination and Promote Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.(No.81972214)National Scientific and Technological Major Special Project of China:Shuang Huang Sheng Bai Oral Liquid:Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Based on Systems Biology Approaches(2019ZX09201004-002-013)A special clinical research initiative for the health business sponsored by the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.202040155)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commissions Special Biomedical Technology Support Plan(No.20S31904100)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"Medical Innovation Research Project--Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology(21MC1930500)Shanghai 13th Five-Year Plan Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology(shslczdzk03701)Tracking Programme for Eastern Scholar at Shanghai Institutions of Higher LearningShanghai High-level Talent Leadership Programme of Traditional Chinese Medicine[ZY(2021-2023)-0403]Scientific Research Project of Industry Development Center of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(602076D)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To uncover the biological foundation of the prevailing TCM syndrome in individuals with Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC),Zhengxu Xieshi(ZXXS),which is characterized by a deficiency in vital Qi and an excess in evil Qi.METHODS:We investigated shifts in vital Qi by quantifying systemic metabolic changes in the peripheral blood.Serum metabolomic profiling was conducted on the ESCC cohort 1 along with a matched healthy control cohort.Additionally,we assessed changes in evil Qi by examining metabolic perturbations in ESCC tissues.This analysis involved metabolomic and proteomic surveys of ESCC tissues and paired normal adjacent tissues as controls in an independent ESCC cohort 2.RESULTS:Serum metabolomic profiling highlighted the prevalent downregulation of differentially expressed metabolites in patient sera,in contrast to the upregulation observed in ESCC tissues,compared to their respective controls.Remarkably,the group of differential metabolites in the ESCC tissues was predominantly composed of amino acids.Thus,we focused on amino acid metabolism.Our integrative analysis showed the downregulation of a significant majority of disturbed amino acids in patient sera relative to the upregulation of an overwhelming proportion of perturbed amino acids within ESCC tissues.Enrichment analysis of these amino acids revealed seven metabolic pathways that contribute to the metabolism of antioxidants,energy intermediates,and biosynthetic precursors.Interestingly,these pathways displayed attenuation in patient sera but augmentation in ESCC tissues.Similarly,the proteomic data confirmed the activation of these pathways in ESCC tissues.CONCLUSION:This study presents a new perspective on the prevalence of ZXXS syndrome in patients with ESCC,contextualized within the realm of metabolic reprogramming.Specifically,diminished amino acid metabolism in the circulating blood corresponds to a deficiency in vital Qi.Conversely,hyperactive amino acid metabolism in ESCC tissues signifies an augmentation of local evil Qi.These findings hold potential to enrich the current medical framework and offer a deeper understanding of ESCC management by integrating the principles of ZXXS syndrome.
文摘In the west,a viewpoint of evil human nature is accepted by most of critics.William Golding exposes this hideous nature in Lord of the Flies.This paper analyses the ugly human performances in details,and it also see the force about justice from the novel.The force is fighting with the evilness all the time.Although the justice is in a passive position temporarily,it finally defeats the evil.
文摘Hawthorne was a great writer who reminds us of human limitations.He called his tales "allegories of the heart." Hawthorne's allegories are stories of how pride and isolation frustrate our capacity for love and sympathy.Isolation or "alienation" is Hawthorne's principal theme and problem,and loss of contact with reality is the ultimate penalty he envisions.Therefore,reading Hawthorne's stories is a journey to explore human being's evil.
基金Supported by National Social Science Foundation of China"Empirical Study of Corruption Governance in Real Estate"(14BGL106)
文摘Using social network analysis method,this paper made an empirical study on growth of evil forces in land requisition and relocation in City G of Hubei Province. It obtained following results:(i) lawless developers and inefficient public security organs form interested parties of evil forces. Besides,the inward closeness centrality of evil forces is high,manifesting that evil forces independently possess decentralized power of network and have unscrupulous behavior in land requisition and relocation to a certain extent.(ii) Activities of evil forces have complicated spatial correlation and their geographical distribution is uneven,taking on irregular characteristics. In the field of land requisition and relocation,some evil forces are expandi Xng and spreading,while other forces are relatively weak. In conclusion,growth of evil forces comes from premeditation and collaboration of lawless developers,lack of functions and weak attack of public security organs; growth of evil forces has periodic changes,when in power,they will take opportunity to expand,while losing power,they will hide or even disappear.
文摘The novel, Lord of the flies, written by William Golding （1911-1993） who was among the most popular and influential British authors to have emerged after World War II, is permeated with symbolism. His reputation rested primarily upon his acclaimed first novel. The present paper attempts to examine the theme of Lord of the flies in respects of its counter-tradition treatment of boys, evil actions of innocent boys and its use of symbols and arrives at a tentative conclusion that the combination of the three above-mentioned elements helps the novel to express the theme that evil is human nature.
文摘In the history of the western civilization, the trial of Socrates and the trial of Jesus in the Christian history are equally famous. This trial implied several enduring and classical topics in the history of the western legal thoughts. Why did Socrates accept the results of the ＂Miscarriage of Justice＂？ Who led to the wrong decision？ Why would Socrates be executed？ This article is precisely embarked from this trial, to explore ajurisprudent issue related to the trial： the debate on Evil law is law and Evil law is illegal.
文摘This paper discusses the dark side of humanity exposed in Heart of Darkness. It analyses how Marlow finds the evil and deceitful nature of human beings during the journey into Africa.
基金This paper is a preliminary result of the major project Wang Yangming’s Transmission and Development of the Pre-Qin Confucianism in His Philosophy of the Mind[阳明心学对先秦儒家思想的传承与发展],a Guoxue project supported by 2019 Guizhou Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Program(Project No.19GZGX02).
文摘This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas.e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.
文摘War has brought mankind a seething world,and the evil of war has brought western civilization and morality to a dead end.This paper discusses William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies and Graham Greene’s The Destructors.To have a better under⁃standing of the autho’s thought:war is rooted in the original evil of human nature.In the novel,there is no external binding force,such as ethical,moral,legal and religious control.The original evil of human nature is revealed,and the fierce conflict between civi⁃lization and barbarism is aroused,which are intertwined and manifest themselves through multiple symbolic meanings.Based on the theory of symbolism,the paper will classify the name,objects and characters with symbolic significance that appear in large numbers in two novels,and discuss its symbolic meaning and the function of these symbolic meanings to the development of the theme respectively.In order to better grasp the moral of the novel as a whole,ring the alarm bell for human beings,and cause peo-ple to ponder over the various evils of human beings.
文摘Upper airway cough syndrome refers to a clinical syndrome with chronic cough as the main manifestation caused by the reverse flow of secretions from various upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis,rhino-sinusitis,adenoid hypertrophy and other parts of the nose and pharynx.Professor Yin Dan believes that the main disease of upper airway cough syndrome is due to cold fluid retained in lung,blood stasis endogenous,compound feeling of wind evil.The pathogenesis is external wind evil and the hidden pathogen together to cause the disease.In the treatment,the warm cold fluid retention is the core,accompanied by the activation of blood and wind,so that the wind evil can go away,the cold evil can be warmed,the phlegm can be removed,and the blood stasis can be dispersed,so as to achieve the purpose of treating the upper airway cough syndrome of the children’s cold fluid retention in lung.
文摘The beautiful Swan Queen under the spell of the evil Magician is performed with passion and power in an exciting new version of the classic ballet Swan Lake. The performance is presented in a unique collaboration between Joburg Ballet of South Africa and the Liaoning Ballet of China. Swan Lake is part of the celebrations for the Year of China in South Africa taking place during 2015, that showcase the growing cooperation in China-South Africa cooperation.
