With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.S...With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.展开更多
Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as ...Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as Zambia. However, the lack of capacity to understand and value research evidence by policy and decision makers makes it difficult for them to find and use research evidence in a timely manner even when motivated to do so. This study aimed to establish the views, attitudes and practices of policy makers on the use of research evidence in policy and decision-making process in Zambia. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia among selected public health decision and policy making institutions. A purposive sample of 21 consenting policy makers who were working in different positions in the Ministry of Health Headquarters, Provincial and District Health Offices, Health Professions Regulatory Bodies, United Nations Agencies, International Non-Governmental Organizations and University Deans from the University of Zambia participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The IBM? SPSS? Statistics for Windows Version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The concept of Evidence Informed Health Policy was not well understood such that only less than half (47.5%) of the participants reported having heard specifically about Evidence Informed Health Policy meanwhile almost two thirds (61.9%) reported that they used research evidence in decision making and policy formulation. Similar discrepancy was expressed in the understanding of and use of rapid response mechanisms such that although (47.6%) of the participants reported having heard about it, (57%) had never used rapid response mechanisms for deci-sion-making. With regard to the sources of information, about half (52.3) of the participants reported scholarly articles as their main source of evidence. Con-clusion and Recommendations: There is need for more sensitization and ca-pacity building among the decision and policy makers on the importance of using research evidence in decision and policy making process as incorporation of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health policy making pro-cess is a key strategy for improving health systems.展开更多
This article critically analyses the interplay between policy at institutional level and policy at national level. It also examines the policy-making process by using examples from literature and identifies consultati...This article critically analyses the interplay between policy at institutional level and policy at national level. It also examines the policy-making process by using examples from literature and identifies consultation as a more organic way of policy-making.展开更多
This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, use...This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling（RSM） methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool（VAT） for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S.demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias 〈 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.展开更多
Global trade has been growing by 2-3% in the past 7 years,compared with the 7%of previous years.This makes it vital to study what has happened.In fact,many short-term measures failed to solve long-term issues.
Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The ...Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The socialist market economy system will gradually develop to perfection,the market will play a fundamental role in allocating resources,and the State’s centralizing guidance and macro-control over the social and economic development will be more scientific,reasonable and effective.In recent years,despite of展开更多
Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland preservation.Understanding the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamenta...Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland preservation.Understanding the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamental to implementation polices of government.This study analyzed factors that influence farmers’ choice of corn reduction under the China’s new agriculture policy in the ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China.This study collected data from 106 randomly selected households in 34 villages in ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results showed that the Chinese corn structural adjustment plan confronted with many constraints, and most of farmers insist on planting corn.Drought and low accumulated temperature, no suitable substitution crop, farmers’ preferences, farmers’ education and age, relatively high comparative benefit of corn, the availability of machinery and technical assistance, subsidies and low family incomes all influence farmers’ choice of corn substitution.Based on our experimental results, we derived important policy implications for promoting corn structural adjustment incorporate increase crop diversity, promote soybean and corn rotation, provide adequate agricultural extension services, and increase the corn substitution subsidies and improve farmers’ income.展开更多
To make equipment maintenance policies more suitable to real operations, a fuzzy logic-based modeling method of deciding maintenance policies was proposed in this paper. Five maintenance policies which are built with ...To make equipment maintenance policies more suitable to real operations, a fuzzy logic-based modeling method of deciding maintenance policies was proposed in this paper. Five maintenance policies which are built with downtime and breakdown frequency as decision criteria are discussed. To decide efficiently maintenance policies, the decision criteria are divided into low, medium, and high levels. On the basis of the levels, fuzzy sets and membership functions of the decision criteria are established with a fuzzy logic theory. A fuzzy logic algorithm of solving overall degree of satisfaction is presented to select the most efficient maintenance policy for equipment. Finally, the modeling method is tested. Experiment results show that the proposed method can solve efficiently problems of the traditional decision-making bias, and it is more valid and practical than the method of traditional decision-making grid (DMG).展开更多
A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a ...A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the security policies and analyze the content of five press agencies in gulf countries which are (Kuwait News Agency (KUNA), Emirates News Agency (WAM), Saudi Press Agency (SPA), Bahrain News Agency (BNA), and Oman News Agency (OMA)) by using a fuzzy VIKOR approach where linguistic variables are applied to solve the uncertainties and subjectivities in expert decision making. Fuzzy VIKOR approach is one of the best Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques working in fuzzy environment. This study benefits security and content analysis experts know which press agency has the mandate and the competence to educate the public on news agencies. Besides, this paper contributes to Gulf agencies in helping them in their resolve to ensure the quality of content information and information security policies over the internet.展开更多
文摘With the civilization and modernization of human society,occupational health has emerged as a fundamental goal of social justice,as highlighted in the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)since 2016.Specifically,"SDG Goal 1:No Poverty","SDG 3:Good Health and Well-being",and"SDG 8:Decent Work and Economic Growth",are interconnected with other SDGs to support the pursuit of occupational health.
文摘Background: The integration of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health decision and policy formulation process is a key strategy for improving health systems especially in developing countries such as Zambia. However, the lack of capacity to understand and value research evidence by policy and decision makers makes it difficult for them to find and use research evidence in a timely manner even when motivated to do so. This study aimed to establish the views, attitudes and practices of policy makers on the use of research evidence in policy and decision-making process in Zambia. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Lusaka, Zambia among selected public health decision and policy making institutions. A purposive sample of 21 consenting policy makers who were working in different positions in the Ministry of Health Headquarters, Provincial and District Health Offices, Health Professions Regulatory Bodies, United Nations Agencies, International Non-Governmental Organizations and University Deans from the University of Zambia participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The IBM? SPSS? Statistics for Windows Version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The concept of Evidence Informed Health Policy was not well understood such that only less than half (47.5%) of the participants reported having heard specifically about Evidence Informed Health Policy meanwhile almost two thirds (61.9%) reported that they used research evidence in decision making and policy formulation. Similar discrepancy was expressed in the understanding of and use of rapid response mechanisms such that although (47.6%) of the participants reported having heard about it, (57%) had never used rapid response mechanisms for deci-sion-making. With regard to the sources of information, about half (52.3) of the participants reported scholarly articles as their main source of evidence. Con-clusion and Recommendations: There is need for more sensitization and ca-pacity building among the decision and policy makers on the importance of using research evidence in decision and policy making process as incorporation of relevant high-quality research evidence into the health policy making pro-cess is a key strategy for improving health systems.
文摘This article critically analyses the interplay between policy at institutional level and policy at national level. It also examines the policy-making process by using examples from literature and identifies consultation as a more organic way of policy-making.
基金Financial and data support for this work is provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (No. GS-10F-0205T)partly supported by the funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control (No. h2xj D612004 Ш )+1 种基金the funding of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex (No. SCAPC201308)the project of Atmospheric Haze Collaboration Control Technology Design (No. XDB05030400) from Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This article describes the development and implementations of a novel software platform that supports real-time, science-based policy making on air quality through a user-friendly interface. The software, RSM-VAT, uses a response surface modeling（RSM） methodology and serves as a visualization and analysis tool（VAT） for three-dimensional air quality data obtained by atmospheric models. The software features a number of powerful and intuitive data visualization functions for illustrating the complex nonlinear relationship between emission reductions and air quality benefits. The case study of contiguous U.S.demonstrates that the enhanced RSM-VAT is capable of reproducing the air quality model results with Normalized Mean Bias 〈 2% and assisting in air quality policy making in near real time.
文摘Global trade has been growing by 2-3% in the past 7 years,compared with the 7%of previous years.This makes it vital to study what has happened.In fact,many short-term measures failed to solve long-term issues.
文摘Ⅰ. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE TASKS The period from the "Ninth Five-Year Plan"(1990-2000) to the year 2010 is the key stage for realizing the three-step strategy for economic construction in China. The socialist market economy system will gradually develop to perfection,the market will play a fundamental role in allocating resources,and the State’s centralizing guidance and macro-control over the social and economic development will be more scientific,reasonable and effective.In recent years,despite of
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601124,41571152)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU019023)+2 种基金135 Planning and Featured Services Projects of IGA,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y6H2091001,IGA-135-04)the Key Deployment Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-SSW-SQC)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23060405)
文摘Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland preservation.Understanding the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamental to implementation polices of government.This study analyzed factors that influence farmers’ choice of corn reduction under the China’s new agriculture policy in the ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China.This study collected data from 106 randomly selected households in 34 villages in ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results showed that the Chinese corn structural adjustment plan confronted with many constraints, and most of farmers insist on planting corn.Drought and low accumulated temperature, no suitable substitution crop, farmers’ preferences, farmers’ education and age, relatively high comparative benefit of corn, the availability of machinery and technical assistance, subsidies and low family incomes all influence farmers’ choice of corn substitution.Based on our experimental results, we derived important policy implications for promoting corn structural adjustment incorporate increase crop diversity, promote soybean and corn rotation, provide adequate agricultural extension services, and increase the corn substitution subsidies and improve farmers’ income.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71071115)the National High-Tech R&D Programs for CIMS,China(No.2009AA043000,No.2009AA043001)
文摘To make equipment maintenance policies more suitable to real operations, a fuzzy logic-based modeling method of deciding maintenance policies was proposed in this paper. Five maintenance policies which are built with downtime and breakdown frequency as decision criteria are discussed. To decide efficiently maintenance policies, the decision criteria are divided into low, medium, and high levels. On the basis of the levels, fuzzy sets and membership functions of the decision criteria are established with a fuzzy logic theory. A fuzzy logic algorithm of solving overall degree of satisfaction is presented to select the most efficient maintenance policy for equipment. Finally, the modeling method is tested. Experiment results show that the proposed method can solve efficiently problems of the traditional decision-making bias, and it is more valid and practical than the method of traditional decision-making grid (DMG).
文摘A news agency is an organization that gathers news reports and sells them to subscribing news organization, such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television broadcasters. A news agency may also be referred to as a wire service, newswire, or news service. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the security policies and analyze the content of five press agencies in gulf countries which are (Kuwait News Agency (KUNA), Emirates News Agency (WAM), Saudi Press Agency (SPA), Bahrain News Agency (BNA), and Oman News Agency (OMA)) by using a fuzzy VIKOR approach where linguistic variables are applied to solve the uncertainties and subjectivities in expert decision making. Fuzzy VIKOR approach is one of the best Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques working in fuzzy environment. This study benefits security and content analysis experts know which press agency has the mandate and the competence to educate the public on news agencies. Besides, this paper contributes to Gulf agencies in helping them in their resolve to ensure the quality of content information and information security policies over the internet.
