Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At prese...Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).展开更多
Along the western Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan geoscience transect in the northwestern China, an integrated geophysical investigation was carried out. Owing to the abominable natural conditions there, the sounding profile co...Along the western Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan geoscience transect in the northwestern China, an integrated geophysical investigation was carried out. Owing to the abominable natural conditions there, the sounding profile could not cross the whole transect, consequentially, a variety of velocity structures in the transverse and vertical orientations beneath the whole transect were not obtained, such as the case within the western Kunlun orogenic belt. To supply a gap of deep seismic soundings within the western Kunlun orogenic belt, we used the Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the relationship between the compressive wave and the density to obtain the density structure of the crust beneath the western Kunlun and the southern Tarim basin by a forward fitting of gravity anomalies within the two-dimensional polygonal model of uniform medium. The crust of the Tarim basin with a rigid basement was like an asymmetrical arc, whose surface feature was the Bachu uplift in the middle of the Tarim basin. Beneath the conjoint area between the Tarim basin and the western Kunlun belt, there was a V-shape structure located just up to the top of the uplifted Moho. The multi-seismological structures jointly revealed that the face-to-face continent-continent collision beneath the western Kunlun is a new structural style within the continent-continent collision zone, which is a real model proved by the numerical modeling.展开更多
In all phases of forensic investigation, digital evidence is exposed to external influences and coming into contact with many factors. Legal admissibility of digital evidence is the ability of that evidence being acce...In all phases of forensic investigation, digital evidence is exposed to external influences and coming into contact with many factors. Legal admissibility of digital evidence is the ability of that evidence being accepted as evidence in a court of law. Life cycle of digital evidence is very complex. In each stage there is more impact that can violate a chain of custody and its integrity. Contact with different variables occurs through a life cycle of digital evidence and can disrupt its integrity. In order for the evidence to be accepted by the court as valid, chain of custody for digital evidence must be kept, or it must be known who exactly came into contact with evidence in each stage of the investigation. This paper presents a dynamics and life cycle of digital evidence. The Petri nets will be proposed and used for modeling and simulation of this process.展开更多
Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs(Eff-iEC)has emerged.This paper explored its capacity through a d...Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs(Eff-iEC)has emerged.This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines(CPMs),including Biejiajian Pill(BP),Dahuang Zhechong Pill(DZP),Biejia Ruangan Compound(BRC),Fuzheng Huayu Capsule(FHC),Anluo Huaxian Pill(AHP),and Heluo Shugan Capsule(HSC),using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system.The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents.Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system,while the assessments for others varied.Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs,exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities.By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation,Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs,providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making,new drug evaluations,and health policy formulation.展开更多
Objective:A typical case of Xianling Gubao(XLGB)Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.Methods:A patient with herb-induced liver injury(HILI)and a history of taking XL...Objective:A typical case of Xianling Gubao(XLGB)Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.Methods:A patient with herb-induced liver injury(HILI)and a history of taking XLGB Tablets before disease onset was engaged as the study subject,and the case was diagnosed according to the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM)and the integrated evidence chain(iEC)method recommended by the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-induced Liver Injury(HILI Guidelines).Results:Clinical history,biochemical indexes and imaging tests were used to exclude the influence of fundamental diseases and confusing liver diseases such as viral,alcoholic and autoimmune liver diseases on the diagnosis.Based on an investigation of the patient’s medication history,she was suspected to have HILI caused by XLGB Tablets,as the patient was only taking an oral preparation of XLGB Tablets,and the influence of other drugs on the diagnosis was excluded.This patient with alanine aminotransferase(ALT)3 upper limit of normal(ULN)and a calculated R of 6 was diagnosed with possible acute drug-induced hepatocellular injury.The relationship was considered“highly probable”(score of 9)using the updated RUCAM of 2016.Moreover,the fingerprint similarity between the preparation taken by the patient and a commercially available preparation was 0.99,suggesting that the patient was consuming XLGB Tablets rather than another drug.LC-MS technology and the Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database were used to investigate the drug,and no chemical additions were found.Examination of the drug for pesticide residues,heavy metals,aflatoxins and other exogenous substances indicated compliance with the content limits of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Conclusion:In summary,the final diagnosis of XLGB-induced liver injury reached the clinical diagnosis of HILI and was acute severe hepatocellular injury type by the updated RUCAM and iEC.Therefore,this study provides scientific evidence regarding the causality evaluation of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicines-induced liver injury.展开更多
Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)presents a multifaceted health threat to humans,animals,plants,food systems,and environments.In response,China initiated extensive research to understand and address AMR.However,there has ...Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)presents a multifaceted health threat to humans,animals,plants,food systems,and environments.In response,China initiated extensive research to understand and address AMR.However,there has been a lack of analysis and synthesis of research results at the national level.This study establishes a national AMR knowledge repository through the systematic analysis of over 44,000 scientific publications(2000–2024),employing a machine learning framework that combines transformer-based language models and cluster analysis.Natural language processing(NLP)was used to identify key AMR research topics,subtopics,and AMR detection methods across One Health sectors,including changes over time.Main findings include:(i)China's AMR research in human health aligns with societal disease burdens,yet gaps exist for pathogens like Clostridium difficile and Hepatitis B virus,despite their significant risks in China.(ii)While AMR research in probiotics is increasing,potential risks of AMR transmission associated with their use are often underestimated,particularly regarding the post-marketing surveillance and standardization of probiotic products.(iii)Discovery of new antimicrobial agents and alternative therapies is crucial for AMR prevention in China.(iv)Artificial intelligence(AI)methods are promising to guide and accelerate research,including exploration of natural products and plant extracts.Overall,while the AMR research in China aligns with One Health principles,with the plant health sector surpassing global counterparts,food systems require enhanced efforts and cross-sectoral research,particularly in the development of effective AMR detection and surveillance technologies.This work demonstrates a replicable methodological framework for establishing and sustaining country-specific scientific evidence platforms,offering valuable datadriven support for synthesizing findings,decision-making,and developing current and future action plans to manage AMR from a One Health perspective.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Map of Scientific and Technological Talents in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XMSB20240923106).
文摘Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40404011, 40774051, 49734230)the basic outlay of scientific research work from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China in 2007 and 2008 (J0707, J0803)+2 种基金Sino-American collaboration project from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2006DFA21340)China National Probing Project (SinoProbe-02)Open Fund of Geo-detection Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, and China University of Geosciences (No. GDL0602)
文摘Along the western Kunlun-Tarim-Tianshan geoscience transect in the northwestern China, an integrated geophysical investigation was carried out. Owing to the abominable natural conditions there, the sounding profile could not cross the whole transect, consequentially, a variety of velocity structures in the transverse and vertical orientations beneath the whole transect were not obtained, such as the case within the western Kunlun orogenic belt. To supply a gap of deep seismic soundings within the western Kunlun orogenic belt, we used the Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the relationship between the compressive wave and the density to obtain the density structure of the crust beneath the western Kunlun and the southern Tarim basin by a forward fitting of gravity anomalies within the two-dimensional polygonal model of uniform medium. The crust of the Tarim basin with a rigid basement was like an asymmetrical arc, whose surface feature was the Bachu uplift in the middle of the Tarim basin. Beneath the conjoint area between the Tarim basin and the western Kunlun belt, there was a V-shape structure located just up to the top of the uplifted Moho. The multi-seismological structures jointly revealed that the face-to-face continent-continent collision beneath the western Kunlun is a new structural style within the continent-continent collision zone, which is a real model proved by the numerical modeling.
文摘In all phases of forensic investigation, digital evidence is exposed to external influences and coming into contact with many factors. Legal admissibility of digital evidence is the ability of that evidence being accepted as evidence in a court of law. Life cycle of digital evidence is very complex. In each stage there is more impact that can violate a chain of custody and its integrity. Contact with different variables occurs through a life cycle of digital evidence and can disrupt its integrity. In order for the evidence to be accepted by the court as valid, chain of custody for digital evidence must be kept, or it must be known who exactly came into contact with evidence in each stage of the investigation. This paper presents a dynamics and life cycle of digital evidence. The Petri nets will be proposed and used for modeling and simulation of this process.
基金supported by the Consulting Project Funds of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2023-XZ-88,China)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82230118,China)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Union Fund(No.U23A20519,China).
文摘Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs(Eff-iEC)has emerged.This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines(CPMs),including Biejiajian Pill(BP),Dahuang Zhechong Pill(DZP),Biejia Ruangan Compound(BRC),Fuzheng Huayu Capsule(FHC),Anluo Huaxian Pill(AHP),and Heluo Shugan Capsule(HSC),using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)system.The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents.Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system,while the assessments for others varied.Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs,exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities.By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation,Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs,providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making,new drug evaluations,and health policy formulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174071).
文摘Objective:A typical case of Xianling Gubao(XLGB)Tablets-induced liver injury was systematically studied in the clinic and the laboratory.Methods:A patient with herb-induced liver injury(HILI)and a history of taking XLGB Tablets before disease onset was engaged as the study subject,and the case was diagnosed according to the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM)and the integrated evidence chain(iEC)method recommended by the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Herb-induced Liver Injury(HILI Guidelines).Results:Clinical history,biochemical indexes and imaging tests were used to exclude the influence of fundamental diseases and confusing liver diseases such as viral,alcoholic and autoimmune liver diseases on the diagnosis.Based on an investigation of the patient’s medication history,she was suspected to have HILI caused by XLGB Tablets,as the patient was only taking an oral preparation of XLGB Tablets,and the influence of other drugs on the diagnosis was excluded.This patient with alanine aminotransferase(ALT)3 upper limit of normal(ULN)and a calculated R of 6 was diagnosed with possible acute drug-induced hepatocellular injury.The relationship was considered“highly probable”(score of 9)using the updated RUCAM of 2016.Moreover,the fingerprint similarity between the preparation taken by the patient and a commercially available preparation was 0.99,suggesting that the patient was consuming XLGB Tablets rather than another drug.LC-MS technology and the Agilent Fake TCM-Drugs database were used to investigate the drug,and no chemical additions were found.Examination of the drug for pesticide residues,heavy metals,aflatoxins and other exogenous substances indicated compliance with the content limits of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Conclusion:In summary,the final diagnosis of XLGB-induced liver injury reached the clinical diagnosis of HILI and was acute severe hepatocellular injury type by the updated RUCAM and iEC.Therefore,this study provides scientific evidence regarding the causality evaluation of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicines-induced liver injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42021005,21936006)Ningbo S&T project(2021-DST-004)。
文摘Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)presents a multifaceted health threat to humans,animals,plants,food systems,and environments.In response,China initiated extensive research to understand and address AMR.However,there has been a lack of analysis and synthesis of research results at the national level.This study establishes a national AMR knowledge repository through the systematic analysis of over 44,000 scientific publications(2000–2024),employing a machine learning framework that combines transformer-based language models and cluster analysis.Natural language processing(NLP)was used to identify key AMR research topics,subtopics,and AMR detection methods across One Health sectors,including changes over time.Main findings include:(i)China's AMR research in human health aligns with societal disease burdens,yet gaps exist for pathogens like Clostridium difficile and Hepatitis B virus,despite their significant risks in China.(ii)While AMR research in probiotics is increasing,potential risks of AMR transmission associated with their use are often underestimated,particularly regarding the post-marketing surveillance and standardization of probiotic products.(iii)Discovery of new antimicrobial agents and alternative therapies is crucial for AMR prevention in China.(iv)Artificial intelligence(AI)methods are promising to guide and accelerate research,including exploration of natural products and plant extracts.Overall,while the AMR research in China aligns with One Health principles,with the plant health sector surpassing global counterparts,food systems require enhanced efforts and cross-sectoral research,particularly in the development of effective AMR detection and surveillance technologies.This work demonstrates a replicable methodological framework for establishing and sustaining country-specific scientific evidence platforms,offering valuable datadriven support for synthesizing findings,decision-making,and developing current and future action plans to manage AMR from a One Health perspective.
