Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensi...Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensional quality structure model”was used to extract,screen,and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection,including 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators,and 47 third-level indicators.Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China.According to the requirements of laws,regulations,and departmental rules,combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory,some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision.展开更多
Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted ob...Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted object,content,the structure and the attributes of CALIS evaluation indicator system for digital resources.We also offer a detailed guideline for professional practice in terms of using this particular indicator system to evaluate the viability and the collection strength of a given digital library.展开更多
Reducing raw materials consumption(RMC)in electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking process is beneficial to the reduction in resource and energy consumption.The conventional indicator of evaluating RMC only focuses on EAF...Reducing raw materials consumption(RMC)in electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking process is beneficial to the reduction in resource and energy consumption.The conventional indicator of evaluating RMC only focuses on EAF inputs and outputs,neglecting the associations between smelting operations and RMC.Traditional methods of reducing RMC rely on manual experience and lack a standard operation guidance.A method based on association rules mining and metallurgical mechanism(ARM-MM)was proposed.ARM-MM proposed an improved evaluation indicator of RMC and the indicator independently showed the associations between smelting operations and RMC.On the basis,1265 heats of real EAF data were used to obtain the operation guidance for RMC reduction.According to the ratio of hot metal(HM)in charge metals,data were divided into all dataset,low HM ratio dataset,medium HM ratio dataset,and high HM ratio dataset.ARM algorithm was used in each dataset to obtain specific operation guidance.The real average RMC under all dataset,medium HM ratio dataset,and high HM ratio dataset was reduced by 279,486,and 252 kg/heat,respectively,when obtained operation guidance was applied.展开更多
With the development of society,more and more cities are participating in the initiative to build learning cities.Constructing an evaluation indicator system for learning cities to monitor the progress and promote the...With the development of society,more and more cities are participating in the initiative to build learning cities.Constructing an evaluation indicator system for learning cities to monitor the progress and promote their growth has become increasingly important.This paper analyzes the preliminary framework of the UNESCO Global Learning City Index and R3L+Quality Framework.The comparison is made from the aspects of design philosophy,criteria of indicator,and the cycle of evaluation process.The findings suggest that the construction of an evaluation indicator system should be focused more on the diversity of learning city development,the construction of an evaluation process cycle,and the significance of building cooperative networks.展开更多
Objective:This research aims to develop a more scientific and reasonable performance evaluation indicator system for the implementation of an essential drug system in community health service institutions.Methods:The ...Objective:This research aims to develop a more scientific and reasonable performance evaluation indicator system for the implementation of an essential drug system in community health service institutions.Methods:The Delphi method was used to establish an indicator system based on three rounds of expert consultations,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to determine the weights of the indicators.Results:The participation in the three rounds of consultations were 100%(10/10),90%(18/20),and 85%(17/20),which showed that the experts had real enthusiasm for participating in this research.The authority coefficients of the first-,second-,and third-level indicators were 0.75,0.76,and 0.76,respectively,which showed that the consultation results were dependable.The concordance coefficients of the second and third rounds were 0.489 and 0.487,respectively(P<0.001),indicating that the expert opinions were highly consistent.The performance evaluation indicator system consisted of three first-level indicators(supporting,implementation,and effect indicators),nine second-level indicators,and 21 third-level indicators.Conclusion:In this new performance evaluation indicator system,the selected experts were representative,the consultation results were dependable,the constructed evaluation indicator system was reasonable,and the setting of weights was scientific.展开更多
The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which u...The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which usually consist of four steps： to determine the performance objectives, to design the structure of indicator system, to specify the indicators and to set up the weight of indicators. Each step plays a different role in performance evaluation indicator system and has its own impact on the realization of performance evaluation objectives respectively. So the scientifically building up a performance evaluation indicator system is the key to determine whether the intellectual property is protected well or not.展开更多
This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interv...This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interviews,numerous factors affecting procurement are analyzed.Subsequently,these factors are refined and summarized to construct a procurement risk evaluation index system for construction projects,which includes three first-level indicators,such as process management risk and ethical/legal risk,and is further subdivided into 13 second-level indicators.展开更多
Analysis on the investigation and evaluation data of afforestation space suitability in Nanyang City reveals that there are a total of 47,394 issued land parcels,covering an area of 102,400 hm^(2).Among these,20,834 p...Analysis on the investigation and evaluation data of afforestation space suitability in Nanyang City reveals that there are a total of 47,394 issued land parcels,covering an area of 102,400 hm^(2).Among these,20,834 parcels are suitable for afforestation with an area of 35,300 hm^(2),while 7,220 parcels are planned for afforestation but not yet implemented,covering an area of 19,900 hm^(2).Additionally,there are 26,560 parcels classified as unsuitable for afforestation with an area of 67,100 hm^(2).There are also 13,614 parcels,with an area of 15,400 hm^(2),that meet the criteria for afforestation space but have not been included in the planning.In view of discrepancies in land type classification or being outside the original evaluation scope in the investigation of afforestation space suitability evaluation,corresponding recommendations have been proposed to provide valuable references for scientifically formulating territorial greening plans and reasonably reserving afforestation space.展开更多
Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improvin...Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improving the resource economy ＆ environmental kindly society building, as well as the sustainable development economy and environment in a sustainable fashion. Here, the framework of the standards system and evaluation indicators system for environmental protection products are described based on the present deficiencies in independent innovation, lower levels of standardization, and poor operating effectiveness of such equipment in China with a goal of forcing the development of standardization, seriation and currency used in the environmental protection industry. The results presented here should serve as a reference for the promotion of quality and effectiveness in environmental protection products and equipments.展开更多
Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local gove...Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years.展开更多
On the basis of analyzing both domestic and foreign evaluation systems for the e-government and also taking into account of the current situation of government portals in urban centers,the paper is aimed to construct ...On the basis of analyzing both domestic and foreign evaluation systems for the e-government and also taking into account of the current situation of government portals in urban centers,the paper is aimed to construct an evaluation system primarily for the measurement of the service capability of business-oriented G2B portals of local governments in general and those G2B portals of the new development zones in particular.This system is composed of 6 first tier indicators,18 second tier indicators and 90 third tier indicators.And the weight of each indicator is determined by Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method.Subsequently,we used this system to evaluate the government portals of Tianjin Binhai New Area and Shanghai Pudong New Area and proved to have the desired practicability.展开更多
To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and obj...To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.展开更多
Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method w...Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable.展开更多
A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extr...A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.展开更多
To scientifically evaluate the equipment system of systems(SoS)contribution rate,a contribution rate calculation method based on a structural equation model(SEM)is proposed in this paper.The connotation and evaluation...To scientifically evaluate the equipment system of systems(SoS)contribution rate,a contribution rate calculation method based on a structural equation model(SEM)is proposed in this paper.The connotation and evaluation process of the equipment SoS contribution rate were redefined and standardized.To solve the existing problems in the application of the original contribution rate formula,a modified contribution rate calculation formula is proposed.Finally,the contribution rate evaluation index was divided into latent and explicit variables.The measurement and structural equations in the SEM were used to calculate and analyze the latent variables.The simulation results show that the number of defense lines of air defense weapon equipment has a greater impact on the linear configuration than the group configuration.When the number of K-type air defense weapons is sufficient,the two-layer linear configuration should be adopted with 20 air defense weapon systems.When the number of K-type air defense weapons is insufficient,the single-layer group configuration should be adopted with 12 air defense weapon systems.展开更多
This paper presents an evaluation system of national standard levels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goal of quantitative evaluation of national standards was achieved by experts provid...This paper presents an evaluation system of national standard levels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goal of quantitative evaluation of national standards was achieved by experts provided a reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard lecel.It will also play an important role in regulating standards and improving the national standards level.展开更多
The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included roo...The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included root weight,root shape index,water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate and vitamin C. These data were analyzed by variation correlation analysis,principal component analysis and system cluster analysis. 23 varieties of fruit radish were analyzed by variation correlation; 8 indicators were compressed into 6 integrated variables using principal component analysis. Finally,the main evaluation indicators of fruit radish were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 1. 64%-89. 99%. Water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate were the important components of fruit radish quality,playing a major role in the quality. These 8indicators were closely related and relatively independent. Water content was significantly and positively correlated with crispness; soluble solids and crude fiber were significantly and negatively related to vitamin C; crispness was significantly and positively correlated with crude fiber and vitamin C. Based on the above results,4 representative indicators were used for evaluating fruit radish quality,that is water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,which could reflect the most information of fruit radish quality.展开更多
Objective:The Delphi method was used to propose health effect evaluation indicators to assess foods for special medical purposes(FSMPs).This lays the foundation for the formation of a big data model for human health t...Objective:The Delphi method was used to propose health effect evaluation indicators to assess foods for special medical purposes(FSMPs).This lays the foundation for the formation of a big data model for human health testing,as well as a big data platform for the health and safety evaluation of special medical foods.Methods:The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the constructed FSMP health effect evaluation indicators.Results:Ten major items were identified after two rounds of expert consultation.Among these,there were 10 primary entries,32 secondary entries,50 tertiary entries,and 28 quaternary entries.Conclusion:The complete list of evaluation indicators contains 10 entries,which can comprehensively and systematically monitor adverse reactions to the use of FSMPs.The present findings lay the foundation for a big data platform to evaluate the health and safety of special foods.展开更多
The maintenance window scheme(MWS) is one of the most important railway transportation organizational plans and plays an important role in ensuring railway operational safety. However, MWS setting is a very complicate...The maintenance window scheme(MWS) is one of the most important railway transportation organizational plans and plays an important role in ensuring railway operational safety. However, MWS setting is a very complicated process, and most countries currently do so with the help of a computer-aided decision system. In general, a decision system can generate multiple alternatives for MWS within an acceptable time. Therefore, how to choose the best option from the alternatives is a vital decision. This paper presents a novel framework for MWS evaluation based on the Chinese railway system. Specifically, the requirements of each department related to MWS setting are analysed, and we construct an evaluation indicator system for MWS based on the preferences of different departments. Then, we apply the fuzzy soft set theory to MWS evaluation, a method that not only effectively deals with evaluation of uncertain information, but also gives flexibility for experts to input their subjective judgment.Additionally, using the ‘‘AND’’ operation of soft set theory allows combing evaluation information from multiple evaluators to give comprehensive results. Finally, a case study illustrates the proposed framework, showing that the proposed evaluation indicator system and evaluation method are effective and practical.展开更多
Based on the research of theories and practices related to quality evaluation of electronic services(e-services) from both home and abroad and through multiple rounds of surveys and analyses,this article proposed an e...Based on the research of theories and practices related to quality evaluation of electronic services(e-services) from both home and abroad and through multiple rounds of surveys and analyses,this article proposed an evaluation indicator system for Chinese libraries.A survey was carried out on the e-services of Shanxi Provincial Library by using SERVQUAL model.Based on the survey data,the article evaluated and analyzed the quality of Shanxi Provincial Library's e-services by means of quadrant analysis,and put forward solutions and suggestions accordingly.展开更多
文摘Objective To study a way to establish a drug inspection evaluation system in China.Methods Through literature research,behavioral event interviews,Delphi expert interviews,and other methods,the theory of“threedimensional quality structure model”was used to extract,screen,and construct a set of evaluation indicator system for drug inspection,including 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators,and 47 third-level indicators.Results and Conclusion An effective management tool to evaluate the quality of drug inspection has not yet been formed in China.According to the requirements of laws,regulations,and departmental rules,combined with the mature drug inspection mechanism of international drug regulatory agencies or organizations and the international quality management theory,some management tools are put forward to improve the quality system of drug supervision.
文摘Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted object,content,the structure and the attributes of CALIS evaluation indicator system for digital resources.We also offer a detailed guideline for professional practice in terms of using this particular indicator system to evaluate the viability and the collection strength of a given digital library.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174328 and 52474368)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of Central South University(Nos.2022ZZTS0084 and 2024ZZTS0062).
文摘Reducing raw materials consumption(RMC)in electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking process is beneficial to the reduction in resource and energy consumption.The conventional indicator of evaluating RMC only focuses on EAF inputs and outputs,neglecting the associations between smelting operations and RMC.Traditional methods of reducing RMC rely on manual experience and lack a standard operation guidance.A method based on association rules mining and metallurgical mechanism(ARM-MM)was proposed.ARM-MM proposed an improved evaluation indicator of RMC and the indicator independently showed the associations between smelting operations and RMC.On the basis,1265 heats of real EAF data were used to obtain the operation guidance for RMC reduction.According to the ratio of hot metal(HM)in charge metals,data were divided into all dataset,low HM ratio dataset,medium HM ratio dataset,and high HM ratio dataset.ARM algorithm was used in each dataset to obtain specific operation guidance.The real average RMC under all dataset,medium HM ratio dataset,and high HM ratio dataset was reduced by 279,486,and 252 kg/heat,respectively,when obtained operation guidance was applied.
文摘With the development of society,more and more cities are participating in the initiative to build learning cities.Constructing an evaluation indicator system for learning cities to monitor the progress and promote their growth has become increasingly important.This paper analyzes the preliminary framework of the UNESCO Global Learning City Index and R3L+Quality Framework.The comparison is made from the aspects of design philosophy,criteria of indicator,and the cycle of evaluation process.The findings suggest that the construction of an evaluation indicator system should be focused more on the diversity of learning city development,the construction of an evaluation process cycle,and the significance of building cooperative networks.
基金the“Research on Performance Evaluation of Chinese Community Health Service Institutions’Implementation of Essential Medicine System”supported by National Natural Science Foundation[71103130]。
文摘Objective:This research aims to develop a more scientific and reasonable performance evaluation indicator system for the implementation of an essential drug system in community health service institutions.Methods:The Delphi method was used to establish an indicator system based on three rounds of expert consultations,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to determine the weights of the indicators.Results:The participation in the three rounds of consultations were 100%(10/10),90%(18/20),and 85%(17/20),which showed that the experts had real enthusiasm for participating in this research.The authority coefficients of the first-,second-,and third-level indicators were 0.75,0.76,and 0.76,respectively,which showed that the consultation results were dependable.The concordance coefficients of the second and third rounds were 0.489 and 0.487,respectively(P<0.001),indicating that the expert opinions were highly consistent.The performance evaluation indicator system consisted of three first-level indicators(supporting,implementation,and effect indicators),nine second-level indicators,and 21 third-level indicators.Conclusion:In this new performance evaluation indicator system,the selected experts were representative,the consultation results were dependable,the constructed evaluation indicator system was reasonable,and the setting of weights was scientific.
文摘The intellectual property protection, whether judicial or administrative, is evaluated through a performance evaluation indicator system. To building up such a system, we must follow certain working procedures which usually consist of four steps： to determine the performance objectives, to design the structure of indicator system, to specify the indicators and to set up the weight of indicators. Each step plays a different role in performance evaluation indicator system and has its own impact on the realization of performance evaluation objectives respectively. So the scientifically building up a performance evaluation indicator system is the key to determine whether the intellectual property is protected well or not.
文摘This paper focuses on the procurement of construction projects in universities,conducting research on the influencing factors of procurement risks in such projects.By combining questionnaire surveys with expert interviews,numerous factors affecting procurement are analyzed.Subsequently,these factors are refined and summarized to construct a procurement risk evaluation index system for construction projects,which includes three first-level indicators,such as process management risk and ethical/legal risk,and is further subdivided into 13 second-level indicators.
文摘Analysis on the investigation and evaluation data of afforestation space suitability in Nanyang City reveals that there are a total of 47,394 issued land parcels,covering an area of 102,400 hm^(2).Among these,20,834 parcels are suitable for afforestation with an area of 35,300 hm^(2),while 7,220 parcels are planned for afforestation but not yet implemented,covering an area of 19,900 hm^(2).Additionally,there are 26,560 parcels classified as unsuitable for afforestation with an area of 67,100 hm^(2).There are also 13,614 parcels,with an area of 15,400 hm^(2),that meet the criteria for afforestation space but have not been included in the planning.In view of discrepancies in land type classification or being outside the original evaluation scope in the investigation of afforestation space suitability evaluation,corresponding recommendations have been proposed to provide valuable references for scientifically formulating territorial greening plans and reasonably reserving afforestation space.
文摘Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improving the resource economy ＆ environmental kindly society building, as well as the sustainable development economy and environment in a sustainable fashion. Here, the framework of the standards system and evaluation indicators system for environmental protection products are described based on the present deficiencies in independent innovation, lower levels of standardization, and poor operating effectiveness of such equipment in China with a goal of forcing the development of standardization, seriation and currency used in the environmental protection industry. The results presented here should serve as a reference for the promotion of quality and effectiveness in environmental protection products and equipments.
基金jointly supported by the Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.10YJA870021)Center for Asia Research of Nankai University(Grant No.AS0917)
文摘Evaluating government openness is important in monitoring government performance and promoting government transparency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an evaluation system for information openness of local governments. In order to select evaluation indicators, we conducted a content analysis on current evaluation systems constructed by researchers and local governments and the materials of a case study on a local government. This evaluation system is composed of 5 first-tier indicators, 30 secondtier indicators and 69 third-tier indicators. Then Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method are adopted to determine the weight of each indicator. At last, the practicability of the system is tested by an evaluation of the local government of Tianjin Binhai New Area, which has been undergoing administrative reform and attempting to reinvent itself in the past 5 years.
基金supported by the Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies and Asia Research Center of Nankai University(Grant No.AS0719)
文摘On the basis of analyzing both domestic and foreign evaluation systems for the e-government and also taking into account of the current situation of government portals in urban centers,the paper is aimed to construct an evaluation system primarily for the measurement of the service capability of business-oriented G2B portals of local governments in general and those G2B portals of the new development zones in particular.This system is composed of 6 first tier indicators,18 second tier indicators and 90 third tier indicators.And the weight of each indicator is determined by Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) Method.Subsequently,we used this system to evaluate the government portals of Tianjin Binhai New Area and Shanghai Pudong New Area and proved to have the desired practicability.
基金support of the project“State Grid Corporation Headquarters Science and Technology Program(5108-202299258A-1-0-ZB)”.
文摘To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50378008)
文摘Considering the difficulty of fuzzy synthetic evaluation method in calculation of the multiple factors and ignorance of the relationship among evaluating objects, a new weight evaluation process using entropy method was introduced. This improved method for determination of weight of the evaluating indicators was applied in water quality assessment of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The results showed that this method was favorable for fuzzy synthetic evaluation when there were more than one evaluating objects. One calculation was enough for calculating every monitoring point. Compared with the original evaluation method, the method predigested the fuzzy synthetic evaluation process greatly and the evaluation results are more reasonable.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51378417)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13089)PhD Innovation Fund of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
文摘A set of evaluation indicators based on corrosion ratio in theory for assessing the extent of pitting corrosion and performance reduction are proposed. In order to quantify the morphology of pitting corrosion and extract the evaluation indicators,the 3D profile data obtained by pitting morphology measurement are imported into a special written program to automatically determine the location of each corrosion pit and distill any desired data pertinent to the pitting morphology. The results show that this method seems to be effective to analyze the corroded surface and characterize the pitting morphology.
基金The National Social Science Foundation Military Science Project(No.16GJ003-068).
文摘To scientifically evaluate the equipment system of systems(SoS)contribution rate,a contribution rate calculation method based on a structural equation model(SEM)is proposed in this paper.The connotation and evaluation process of the equipment SoS contribution rate were redefined and standardized.To solve the existing problems in the application of the original contribution rate formula,a modified contribution rate calculation formula is proposed.Finally,the contribution rate evaluation index was divided into latent and explicit variables.The measurement and structural equations in the SEM were used to calculate and analyze the latent variables.The simulation results show that the number of defense lines of air defense weapon equipment has a greater impact on the linear configuration than the group configuration.When the number of K-type air defense weapons is sufficient,the two-layer linear configuration should be adopted with 20 air defense weapon systems.When the number of K-type air defense weapons is insufficient,the single-layer group configuration should be adopted with 12 air defense weapon systems.
文摘This paper presents an evaluation system of national standard levels composed of certain indicators and their respective weights.The goal of quantitative evaluation of national standards was achieved by experts provided a reasonable basis to evaluate the national standard lecel.It will also play an important role in regulating standards and improving the national standards level.
基金Supported by the Second Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Project in Hubei Province
文摘The aim of this study was to establish a scientific evaluation system for fruit radish quality. 8 quality indicators were measured for23 varieties,such as Meinong,Qiaotouqing and Chunbulao. The indicators included root weight,root shape index,water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate and vitamin C. These data were analyzed by variation correlation analysis,principal component analysis and system cluster analysis. 23 varieties of fruit radish were analyzed by variation correlation; 8 indicators were compressed into 6 integrated variables using principal component analysis. Finally,the main evaluation indicators of fruit radish were determined by using cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that the range of variation coefficient was from 1. 64%-89. 99%. Water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,isothiocyanate were the important components of fruit radish quality,playing a major role in the quality. These 8indicators were closely related and relatively independent. Water content was significantly and positively correlated with crispness; soluble solids and crude fiber were significantly and negatively related to vitamin C; crispness was significantly and positively correlated with crude fiber and vitamin C. Based on the above results,4 representative indicators were used for evaluating fruit radish quality,that is water content,crispness,soluble solids,crude fiber,which could reflect the most information of fruit radish quality.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606400).
文摘Objective:The Delphi method was used to propose health effect evaluation indicators to assess foods for special medical purposes(FSMPs).This lays the foundation for the formation of a big data model for human health testing,as well as a big data platform for the health and safety evaluation of special medical foods.Methods:The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the constructed FSMP health effect evaluation indicators.Results:Ten major items were identified after two rounds of expert consultation.Among these,there were 10 primary entries,32 secondary entries,50 tertiary entries,and 28 quaternary entries.Conclusion:The complete list of evaluation indicators contains 10 entries,which can comprehensively and systematically monitor adverse reactions to the use of FSMPs.The present findings lay the foundation for a big data platform to evaluate the health and safety of special foods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos.61273242,61403317)Science and Technology Plan of Sichuan province (Project No.2017015)Service Science and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (KL1701)
文摘The maintenance window scheme(MWS) is one of the most important railway transportation organizational plans and plays an important role in ensuring railway operational safety. However, MWS setting is a very complicated process, and most countries currently do so with the help of a computer-aided decision system. In general, a decision system can generate multiple alternatives for MWS within an acceptable time. Therefore, how to choose the best option from the alternatives is a vital decision. This paper presents a novel framework for MWS evaluation based on the Chinese railway system. Specifically, the requirements of each department related to MWS setting are analysed, and we construct an evaluation indicator system for MWS based on the preferences of different departments. Then, we apply the fuzzy soft set theory to MWS evaluation, a method that not only effectively deals with evaluation of uncertain information, but also gives flexibility for experts to input their subjective judgment.Additionally, using the ‘‘AND’’ operation of soft set theory allows combing evaluation information from multiple evaluators to give comprehensive results. Finally, a case study illustrates the proposed framework, showing that the proposed evaluation indicator system and evaluation method are effective and practical.
基金supported by the research program of philosophy and social science of Shanxi Province(Grant No.0705122)
文摘Based on the research of theories and practices related to quality evaluation of electronic services(e-services) from both home and abroad and through multiple rounds of surveys and analyses,this article proposed an evaluation indicator system for Chinese libraries.A survey was carried out on the e-services of Shanxi Provincial Library by using SERVQUAL model.Based on the survey data,the article evaluated and analyzed the quality of Shanxi Provincial Library's e-services by means of quadrant analysis,and put forward solutions and suggestions accordingly.
