Lead(Pb)plays a significant role in the nuclear industry and is extensively used in radiation shielding,radiation protection,neutron moderation,radiation measurements,and various other critical functions.Consequently,...Lead(Pb)plays a significant role in the nuclear industry and is extensively used in radiation shielding,radiation protection,neutron moderation,radiation measurements,and various other critical functions.Consequently,the measurement and evaluation of Pb nuclear data are highly regarded in nuclear scientific research,emphasizing its crucial role in the field.Using the time-of-flight(ToF)method,the neutron leakage spectra from three^(nat)Pb samples were measured at 60°and 120°based on the neutronics integral experimental facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE).The^(nat)Pb sample sizes were30 cm×30 cm×5 cm,30 cm×30 cm×10 cm,and 30 cm×30 cm×15 cm.Neutron sources were generated by the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator,producing approximately 14.5 MeV and 3.5 MeV neutrons through the T(d,n)^(4)He and D(d,n)^(3)He reactions,respectively.Leakage neutron spectra were also calculated by employing the Monte Carlo code of MCNP-4C,and the nuclear data of Pb isotopes from four libraries:CENDL-3.2,JEFF-3.3,JENDL-5,and ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0 were used individually.By comparing the simulation and experimental results,improvements and deficiencies in the evaluated nuclear data of the Pb isotopes were analyzed.Most of the calculated results were consistent with the experimental results;however,a few areas did not fit well.In the(n,el)energy range,the simulated results from CENDL-3.2 were significantly overestimated;in the(n,inl)D and the(n,inl)C energy regions,the results from CENDL-3.2 and ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0 were significantly overestimated at 120°,and the results from JENDL-5 and JEFF-3.3 are underestimated at 60°in the(n,inl)D energy region.The calculated spectra were analyzed by comparing them with the experimental spectra in terms of the neutron spectrum shape and C/E values.The results indicate that the theoretical simulations,using different data libraries,overestimated or underestimated the measured values in certain energy ranges.Secondary neutron energies and angular distributions in the data files have been presented to explain these discrepancies.展开更多
Integral experiments on tungsten slab samples were carried out on the D-T neutron source facility at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Leakage neutron spectra from the irradiated tungsten target were measured by the t...Integral experiments on tungsten slab samples were carried out on the D-T neutron source facility at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Leakage neutron spectra from the irradiated tungsten target were measured by the time-of-flight technique. Accuracy of the nuclear data for tungsten was examined by comparing the measured neutron spectra with the leakage neutron spectra simulated using the MCNP-4C code with evaluated nuclear data of the JEFF-3.2, FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 libraries. The results show that the calculations with JEFF-3.2 agree well with the measurements in the whole energy range and all angles, whereas the spectra calculated with FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 have some discrepancies with the experimental data.展开更多
A benchmark experiment on^(238)U slab samples was conducted using a deuterium-tritium neutron source at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.The leakage neutron spectra within energy levels of 0.8-16 MeV at 60°an...A benchmark experiment on^(238)U slab samples was conducted using a deuterium-tritium neutron source at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.The leakage neutron spectra within energy levels of 0.8-16 MeV at 60°and 120°were measured using the time-of-flight method.The samples were prepared as rectangular slabs with a 30 cm square base and thicknesses of 3,6,and 9 cm.The leakage neutron spectra were also calculated using the MCNP-4C program based on the latest evaluated files of^(238)U evaluated neutron data from CENDL-3.2,ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0,JENDL-5.0,and JEFF-3.3.Based on the comparison,the deficiencies and improvements in^(238)U evaluated nuclear data were analyzed.The results showed the following.(1)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of elastic scattering at 60°and 120°.(2)The calculated results of CENDL-3.2 overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of inelastic scattering at 120°.(3)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the 3-8.5 MeV energy interval at 60°and 120°.(4)The calculated results with JENDL-5.0 were generally consistent with the measurement results.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel chronically evaluated highest instantaneous priority next processor scheduling algorithm. The currently existing algorithms like first come first serve, shortest job first, round-robin, sho...This paper proposes a novel chronically evaluated highest instantaneous priority next processor scheduling algorithm. The currently existing algorithms like first come first serve, shortest job first, round-robin, shortest remaining time first, highest response ratio next and varying response ratio priority algorithm have some problems associated with them. Some of them can lead to endless waiting or starvation and some of them like round-robin has problem of too many context switches and high waiting time associated with them. In the proposed algorithm, we have taken care of all such problems. As the novel algorithm is capable of achieving as good results as shortest remaining time first algorithm and also it will never lead to starvation.展开更多
In order to better promote the development of diecasting industry in our country, to boost the application of new diecasting technology and techniques, to improve the competitive power of the diecasting enterprises in...In order to better promote the development of diecasting industry in our country, to boost the application of new diecasting technology and techniques, to improve the competitive power of the diecasting enterprises in our country, to extend the international markets and to improve qualities of diecastings more quickly, the activity of evaluating high quality diecastings was organized by Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (FICMES) during the period of the 5th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition. The Excellent Diecastings Evaluation Committee was composed of an independent panel of experts in China’s diecasting industry. In accordance with the evaluation rules of impersonality and impartiality, the Evaluation Committee members, at the site of the exhibition, carefully checked each and all evaluation indexes of the diecastings accepted in the activity, deliberately examined the real diecastings, and inquired of the technicians of the companies taking part in the evaluation activity about the production processes, qualities and other information of the diecastings. After discussion again and again, finally, five diecastings were entitled as the excellent diecastings of the 5th China International Diecasting Conference & Exhibition. They are listed as follows: 1. Shell of PC notebook produced by Ka Shui Manufactory Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, material: magnesium alloy AZ91D. 2. Base of mobile telecom transmitter produced by Guangdong Gaoyao G-ACE Casting Technology Co., Ltd, material: ADC12. 3. Flywheel casing (for Renault trucks) produced by Shanghai Cosmopolitan Automobile Accessory Co., Ltd, material: A380. 4. Strainer case (for Japan Isuzu automobiles) produced by Guangdong Wencan Die Casting Co., Ltd, material: ADC12. 5. Intake manifold of six-cylinder diesel engine. produced by Jinan Huicheng Foundry Co., Ltd, material: AlSi9Cu3.展开更多
Satellite remote sensing of inland water body requires a high spatial resolution and a multiband narrow spectral resolution, which makes the fusion between panchromatic(PAN) and multi-spectral(MS) images particularly ...Satellite remote sensing of inland water body requires a high spatial resolution and a multiband narrow spectral resolution, which makes the fusion between panchromatic(PAN) and multi-spectral(MS) images particularly important. Taking the Daquekou section of the Qiantang River as an observation target, four conventional fusion methods widely accepted in satellite image processing, including pan sharpening(PS), principal component analysis(PCA), Gram-Schmidt(GS), and wavelet fusion(WF), are utilized to fuse MS and PAN images of GF-1.The results of subjective and objective evaluation methods application indicate that GS performs the best,followed by the PCA, the WF and the PS in the order of descending. The existence of a large area of the water body is a dominant factor impacting the fusion performance. Meanwhile, the ability of retaining spatial and spectral informations is an important factor affecting the fusion performance of different fusion methods. The fundamental difference of reflectivity information acquisition between water and land is the reason for the failure of conventional fusion methods for land observation such as the PS to be used in the presence of the large water body. It is suggested that the adoption of the conventional fusion methods in the observing water body as the main target should be taken with caution. The performances of the fusion methods need re-assessment when the large-scale water body is present in the remote sensing image or when the research aims for the water body observation.展开更多
The global financial crisis has brought stateowned enterprises (SOEs) into the spotlight. Even Western countries like the U.S. have been forced to take some measures of nationalization, a departure
BACKGROUND Preoperative evaluation of future remnant liver reserves is important for safe hepatectomy.If the remnant is small,preoperative portal vein embolization(PVE)is useful.Liver volume analysis has been the prim...BACKGROUND Preoperative evaluation of future remnant liver reserves is important for safe hepatectomy.If the remnant is small,preoperative portal vein embolization(PVE)is useful.Liver volume analysis has been the primary method of preoperative evaluation,although functional examination may be more accurate.We have used the functional evaluation liver using the indocyanine green plasma clearance rate(KICG)and 99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography(99mTc-GSA SPECT)for safe hepatectomy.AIM To analyze the safety of our institution’s system for evaluating the remnant liver reserve.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 patients who underwent preoperative PVE.Two types of remnant liver KICG were defined as follows:Anatomical volume remnant KICG(a-rem-KICG),determined as the remnant liver anatomical volume rate×KICG;and functional volume remnant KICG(frem-KICG),determined as the remnant liver functional volume rate based on 99mTc-GSA SPECT×KICG.If either of the remnant liver KICGs were>0.05,a hepatectomy was performed.Perioperative factors were analyzed.We defined the marginal group as patients with a-rem-KICG of<0.05 and a f-rem-KICG of>0.05 and compared the postoperative outcomes between the marginal and not marginal(both a-rem-KICG and f-rem-KICG>0.05)groups.RESULTS All 23 patients underwent planned hepatectomies.Right hepatectomy,right trisectionectomy and left trisectionectomy were in 16,6 and 1 cases,respectively.The mean of blood loss and operative time were 576 mL and 474 min,respectively.The increased amount of frem-KICG was significantly larger than that of a-rem-KICG after PVE(0.034 vs 0.012,P=0.0273).The not marginal and marginal groups had 17(73.9%)and 6(26.1%)patients,respectively.The complications of Clavian-Dindo classification grade II or higher and post-hepatectomy liver failure were observed in six(26.1%)and one(grade A,4.3%)patient,respectively.The 90-d mortality was zero.The marginal group had no significant difference in postoperative outcomes(prothrombin time/international normalised ratio,total bilirubin,complication,post-hepatectomy liver failure,hospital stay,90-d,and mortality)compared with the not-marginal group.CONCLUSION Functional evaluation of the remnant liver enabled safe hepatectomy and may extend the indication for hepatectomy after PVE treatment.展开更多
Aim:To study whether additional measurements of motility characteristics of spermatozoa by computer assisted semen analysis(CASA)were more sensitive indicators of reduced semen quality than estimates of percentages of...Aim:To study whether additional measurements of motility characteristics of spermatozoa by computer assisted semen analysis(CASA)were more sensitive indicators of reduced semen quality than estimates of percentages of motile,rapid or progressive cells.Methods:Intermittent scrotal insulation was applied to 6 rams for 16 h per day for 21 days or to 2 of these for 12 h per day for 28 days in the following year.Semen was collected and evaluated by CASA immediately and either frozen or stored at 30℃ or 5℃ before re-evaluation.Results:Intermittent scrotal insulation caused falls in the percentage of motile,progressive and rapid sperm,as did freezing-thawing and storage at 30℃ or 5℃.Motility characteristics(amplitude of lateral head displacement,mean path velocity,mean progressive velocity and curvilinear velocity),as determined by CASA fell only when the percentage of motile sperm was already reduced.Freezing and thawing or liquid storage of the semen from insulated rams caused a greater fall in the percentage of motile and rapid sperm than control semen,but only affected the motility characteristics when the percentage of motile sperm was already reduced.Conclusion:Intermittent scrotal insulation affected not only the motility of the freshly collected sperm,but also theft ability to withstand the additional stress of storage.The additional data on motility characteristics obtained by CASA appeared to be no more a sensitive indicator than the percentage of motile cells of reductions in semen quality.(Asian J Andro12006 Jul;8:411-418)展开更多
X-ray Diffraction analysis is crucial for understanding material structures but is hindered by complex patterns and the need for expert interpretation.Deep learning offers automation in phase identification but faces ...X-ray Diffraction analysis is crucial for understanding material structures but is hindered by complex patterns and the need for expert interpretation.Deep learning offers automation in phase identification but faces challenges such as data scarcity,overconfidence in predictions and lack of interpretability.This study addresses these by employing Template Element Replacement to generate a perovskite chemical space containing physically unstable virtual structures,enhancing model understanding of XRD-crystal structure relationships and improving classification accuracy by~5%.A Bayesian-VGGNet model was developed,achieving 84%accuracy on simulated spectra and 75%on external experimental data,while simultaneously estimating prediction uncertainty.Evaluation using Bayesian methods revealed low entropy values,indicating high model confidence.Quantifying the importance of input features to crystal symmetry,aligning significant features of seven crystal systems with physical principles.These approaches enhance the model’s robustness and reliability,making it suitable for practical applications.展开更多
With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors...With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.展开更多
It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typica...It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typically transfer the Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation(NDT/E)reliability metrics to SHM without a systematic analysis of where these metrics originated.Seldom attentions are paid to the evaluation conditions which are very important to apply these metrics.Aimed at this issue,a new condition control-based Dual-Reliability Evaluation(Dual-RE)method for SHM is proposed.This new method is proposed based on a systematic analysis of the whole framework of reliability evaluation from instrument to NDT,and emphasis is paid to the evaluation condition control.Based on these analyses,considering the special online application scenario of SHM,the proposed Dual-RE method contains two key components:Integrated Sensor-based SHM-RE(IS-SHM-RE)and Critical Service Condition-based SHM-RE(CSC-SHM-RE).ISSHM-RE evaluates the reliability of integrated SHM sensor and system themselves under approximate repeatability conditions,while CSC-SHM-RE assesses SHM reliability under the dominant uncertainties during service,namely intermediate conditions.To demonstrate the Dual-RE,crack monitoring by using the Guided Wave-based-SHM(GW-SHM)on aircraft lug structures is taken as a case study.Both the crack detection and sizing performance are evaluated from accuracy and uncertainty.展开更多
Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces ...Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces a visual evaluation index named confidence centroid skewing quadrilateral,which is based on a classification confidence-based confusion matrix,offering a quantitative and visual comparison of the adversarial robustness among different classification algorithms,and enhances intuitiveness and interpretability of attack impacts.We first conduct a validity test and sensitive analysis of the method.Then,prove its effectiveness through the experiments of five classification algorithms including artificial neural network(ANN),logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformer against three adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method(FGSM),DeepFool,and projected gradient descent(PGD)attack.展开更多
Traditional grade-centered evaluation models are inadequate for high-quality software engineering talents in the digital and AI era.This study develops an academic development monitoring system to address shortcomings...Traditional grade-centered evaluation models are inadequate for high-quality software engineering talents in the digital and AI era.This study develops an academic development monitoring system to address shortcomings in dynamics,interdisciplinary integration,and industry adaptability.It builds a multi-dimensional dynamic model covering seven core dimensions with quantitative scoring,non-linear weighting,and DivClust grouping.An intelligent platform with real-time monitoring,early warning,and personalized recommendations integrates AI like multi-modal fusion and large-model diagnosis.The“monitoring-warning-improvement”loop helps optimize training programs,support personalized planning,and bridge talent-industry gaps,enabling digital transformation in software engineering education evaluation.展开更多
Over the past decade,neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest-growing and most widely used class of pesticides.Initially,these compounds were considered ideal replacements for more hazardous chemicals such a...Over the past decade,neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest-growing and most widely used class of pesticides.Initially,these compounds were considered ideal replacements for more hazardous chemicals such as carbamates and organophosphates,due to their presumed limited impact on the environment and human health.However,neonicotinoids have since been detected in soils,surface waters,groundwater,food,and various human biological samples.Moreover,they have been shown to negatively affect aquatic organisms,including aquatic insects,crustaceans,mollusks,fish,algae/macrophytes,and amphibians.Epidemiological studies and human biomonitoring research have revealed both acute and chronic health effects,ranging from respiratory,cardiovascular,and neurological symptoms to congenital abnormalities.This review examines the effects of neonicotinoids,their ecological consequences,and the potential risks associated with human exposure.展开更多
In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation ...In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation is provided”and that“the validation step is largely overlooked”.This assertion may have been true several years ago,for example,when Ochoa and Urbina-Cardona(2017)made a similar observation.However,there has been much work on ES model validation over the last decade.展开更多
Zearalenone(ZEN),a mycotoxin present in cereals,poses significant health risks to animals and humans due to its estrogenic effects.Numerous studies on the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN have predominantly focused on ...Zearalenone(ZEN),a mycotoxin present in cereals,poses significant health risks to animals and humans due to its estrogenic effects.Numerous studies on the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN have predominantly focused on reducing the parent toxin to assess the enzyme’s efficacy,yet there is limited research on the identification and toxicity evaluation of the enzymatic degradation products.This study investigated the enzymatic degradation mechanisms of ZEN using commercial peroxidase(POD)and laccase(LC),with a focus on identifying degradation products and assessing their hepatotoxicity effects.Molecular docking and dynamics simulations elucidated the binding mechanisms between these enzymes and ZEN,revealing strong interactions that facilitate efficient detoxification.Subsequent analysis employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)successfully identified crucial degradation products.Hepatic toxicity of the enzymatic degradation products was comprehensively assessed in HepaRG liver cells through systematic measurements of cell viability,oxidative stress,apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential,and molecular metabolic profiles.Our findings demonstrate that both POD and LC exhibit significant efficacy in mitigating hepatocyte toxicity induced by ZEN,thereby highlighting their potential utility in enhancing food safety.This research provides essential data for safety evaluation regarding enzymatic detoxification of ZEN while offering theoretical and technical resources for risk assessment related to mycotoxin enzymatic detoxification.展开更多
Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluat...Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.展开更多
The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential deta...The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential details or to stealthily deploy malware.To address this issue,we aimed to assess the efficiency of popular machine learning and neural network models in identifying such harmful links.To serve our research needs,we employed two different datasets:the PhiUSIIL dataset,which is specifically designed to address phishing URL detection,and another dataset developed to uncover spam links by examining the wording and structure of every URL.Our strategy was to train and evaluate four classificationmodels,namely RandomForest,SupportVectorMachine(SVM),Naive Bayes,and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),under two different feature engineering approaches:statistical text-based analysis and heuristic-based structural features.The results are in,and they are stunning:Random Forest and ANN models were always the best.During our research,we achieved some outstanding results.On the PhiUSIIL phishing dataset,the model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%,and on the spam dataset,it attained an accuracy of 99.62%.Studies surpass any previously reported findings,firmly establishing the efficacy of machine learning and neural networks in detecting malicious URLs.Not only does this work reinforce the superiority of these in-demand models,but it also sets a high bar for subsequent research and development in the field.In general,this provides the direction for building smarter,faster,and more precise tools that can spot online threats as they develop.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11775311 and U2067205)the Stable Support Basic Research Program Grant(BJ010261223282)the Research and Development Project of China National Nuclear Corporation。
文摘Lead(Pb)plays a significant role in the nuclear industry and is extensively used in radiation shielding,radiation protection,neutron moderation,radiation measurements,and various other critical functions.Consequently,the measurement and evaluation of Pb nuclear data are highly regarded in nuclear scientific research,emphasizing its crucial role in the field.Using the time-of-flight(ToF)method,the neutron leakage spectra from three^(nat)Pb samples were measured at 60°and 120°based on the neutronics integral experimental facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE).The^(nat)Pb sample sizes were30 cm×30 cm×5 cm,30 cm×30 cm×10 cm,and 30 cm×30 cm×15 cm.Neutron sources were generated by the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator,producing approximately 14.5 MeV and 3.5 MeV neutrons through the T(d,n)^(4)He and D(d,n)^(3)He reactions,respectively.Leakage neutron spectra were also calculated by employing the Monte Carlo code of MCNP-4C,and the nuclear data of Pb isotopes from four libraries:CENDL-3.2,JEFF-3.3,JENDL-5,and ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0 were used individually.By comparing the simulation and experimental results,improvements and deficiencies in the evaluated nuclear data of the Pb isotopes were analyzed.Most of the calculated results were consistent with the experimental results;however,a few areas did not fit well.In the(n,el)energy range,the simulated results from CENDL-3.2 were significantly overestimated;in the(n,inl)D and the(n,inl)C energy regions,the results from CENDL-3.2 and ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0 were significantly overestimated at 120°,and the results from JENDL-5 and JEFF-3.3 are underestimated at 60°in the(n,inl)D energy region.The calculated spectra were analyzed by comparing them with the experimental spectra in terms of the neutron spectrum shape and C/E values.The results indicate that the theoretical simulations,using different data libraries,overestimated or underestimated the measured values in certain energy ranges.Secondary neutron energies and angular distributions in the data files have been presented to explain these discrepancies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11605097,91426301,and 11605257)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities(No.BS365)the‘‘ADS project 302’’of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA03030200)
文摘Integral experiments on tungsten slab samples were carried out on the D-T neutron source facility at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Leakage neutron spectra from the irradiated tungsten target were measured by the time-of-flight technique. Accuracy of the nuclear data for tungsten was examined by comparing the measured neutron spectra with the leakage neutron spectra simulated using the MCNP-4C code with evaluated nuclear data of the JEFF-3.2, FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 libraries. The results show that the calculations with JEFF-3.2 agree well with the measurements in the whole energy range and all angles, whereas the spectra calculated with FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 have some discrepancies with the experimental data.
基金This work was supported by the general program(No.1177531)joint funding(No.U2067205)from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A benchmark experiment on^(238)U slab samples was conducted using a deuterium-tritium neutron source at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.The leakage neutron spectra within energy levels of 0.8-16 MeV at 60°and 120°were measured using the time-of-flight method.The samples were prepared as rectangular slabs with a 30 cm square base and thicknesses of 3,6,and 9 cm.The leakage neutron spectra were also calculated using the MCNP-4C program based on the latest evaluated files of^(238)U evaluated neutron data from CENDL-3.2,ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0,JENDL-5.0,and JEFF-3.3.Based on the comparison,the deficiencies and improvements in^(238)U evaluated nuclear data were analyzed.The results showed the following.(1)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of elastic scattering at 60°and 120°.(2)The calculated results of CENDL-3.2 overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of inelastic scattering at 120°.(3)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the 3-8.5 MeV energy interval at 60°and 120°.(4)The calculated results with JENDL-5.0 were generally consistent with the measurement results.
文摘This paper proposes a novel chronically evaluated highest instantaneous priority next processor scheduling algorithm. The currently existing algorithms like first come first serve, shortest job first, round-robin, shortest remaining time first, highest response ratio next and varying response ratio priority algorithm have some problems associated with them. Some of them can lead to endless waiting or starvation and some of them like round-robin has problem of too many context switches and high waiting time associated with them. In the proposed algorithm, we have taken care of all such problems. As the novel algorithm is capable of achieving as good results as shortest remaining time first algorithm and also it will never lead to starvation.
文摘In order to better promote the development of diecasting industry in our country, to boost the application of new diecasting technology and techniques, to improve the competitive power of the diecasting enterprises in our country, to extend the international markets and to improve qualities of diecastings more quickly, the activity of evaluating high quality diecastings was organized by Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (FICMES) during the period of the 5th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition. The Excellent Diecastings Evaluation Committee was composed of an independent panel of experts in China’s diecasting industry. In accordance with the evaluation rules of impersonality and impartiality, the Evaluation Committee members, at the site of the exhibition, carefully checked each and all evaluation indexes of the diecastings accepted in the activity, deliberately examined the real diecastings, and inquired of the technicians of the companies taking part in the evaluation activity about the production processes, qualities and other information of the diecastings. After discussion again and again, finally, five diecastings were entitled as the excellent diecastings of the 5th China International Diecasting Conference & Exhibition. They are listed as follows: 1. Shell of PC notebook produced by Ka Shui Manufactory Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, material: magnesium alloy AZ91D. 2. Base of mobile telecom transmitter produced by Guangdong Gaoyao G-ACE Casting Technology Co., Ltd, material: ADC12. 3. Flywheel casing (for Renault trucks) produced by Shanghai Cosmopolitan Automobile Accessory Co., Ltd, material: A380. 4. Strainer case (for Japan Isuzu automobiles) produced by Guangdong Wencan Die Casting Co., Ltd, material: ADC12. 5. Intake manifold of six-cylinder diesel engine. produced by Jinan Huicheng Foundry Co., Ltd, material: AlSi9Cu3.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract Nos 2016YFC1400901 and 2018YFC1406600the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40706057+1 种基金the Environmental Protection and Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province of China under contract No.2013A021the Research Center for Air Pollution and Health of Zhejiang University
文摘Satellite remote sensing of inland water body requires a high spatial resolution and a multiband narrow spectral resolution, which makes the fusion between panchromatic(PAN) and multi-spectral(MS) images particularly important. Taking the Daquekou section of the Qiantang River as an observation target, four conventional fusion methods widely accepted in satellite image processing, including pan sharpening(PS), principal component analysis(PCA), Gram-Schmidt(GS), and wavelet fusion(WF), are utilized to fuse MS and PAN images of GF-1.The results of subjective and objective evaluation methods application indicate that GS performs the best,followed by the PCA, the WF and the PS in the order of descending. The existence of a large area of the water body is a dominant factor impacting the fusion performance. Meanwhile, the ability of retaining spatial and spectral informations is an important factor affecting the fusion performance of different fusion methods. The fundamental difference of reflectivity information acquisition between water and land is the reason for the failure of conventional fusion methods for land observation such as the PS to be used in the presence of the large water body. It is suggested that the adoption of the conventional fusion methods in the observing water body as the main target should be taken with caution. The performances of the fusion methods need re-assessment when the large-scale water body is present in the remote sensing image or when the research aims for the water body observation.
文摘The global financial crisis has brought stateowned enterprises (SOEs) into the spotlight. Even Western countries like the U.S. have been forced to take some measures of nationalization, a departure
文摘BACKGROUND Preoperative evaluation of future remnant liver reserves is important for safe hepatectomy.If the remnant is small,preoperative portal vein embolization(PVE)is useful.Liver volume analysis has been the primary method of preoperative evaluation,although functional examination may be more accurate.We have used the functional evaluation liver using the indocyanine green plasma clearance rate(KICG)and 99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography(99mTc-GSA SPECT)for safe hepatectomy.AIM To analyze the safety of our institution’s system for evaluating the remnant liver reserve.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 23 patients who underwent preoperative PVE.Two types of remnant liver KICG were defined as follows:Anatomical volume remnant KICG(a-rem-KICG),determined as the remnant liver anatomical volume rate×KICG;and functional volume remnant KICG(frem-KICG),determined as the remnant liver functional volume rate based on 99mTc-GSA SPECT×KICG.If either of the remnant liver KICGs were>0.05,a hepatectomy was performed.Perioperative factors were analyzed.We defined the marginal group as patients with a-rem-KICG of<0.05 and a f-rem-KICG of>0.05 and compared the postoperative outcomes between the marginal and not marginal(both a-rem-KICG and f-rem-KICG>0.05)groups.RESULTS All 23 patients underwent planned hepatectomies.Right hepatectomy,right trisectionectomy and left trisectionectomy were in 16,6 and 1 cases,respectively.The mean of blood loss and operative time were 576 mL and 474 min,respectively.The increased amount of frem-KICG was significantly larger than that of a-rem-KICG after PVE(0.034 vs 0.012,P=0.0273).The not marginal and marginal groups had 17(73.9%)and 6(26.1%)patients,respectively.The complications of Clavian-Dindo classification grade II or higher and post-hepatectomy liver failure were observed in six(26.1%)and one(grade A,4.3%)patient,respectively.The 90-d mortality was zero.The marginal group had no significant difference in postoperative outcomes(prothrombin time/international normalised ratio,total bilirubin,complication,post-hepatectomy liver failure,hospital stay,90-d,and mortality)compared with the not-marginal group.CONCLUSION Functional evaluation of the remnant liver enabled safe hepatectomy and may extend the indication for hepatectomy after PVE treatment.
文摘Aim:To study whether additional measurements of motility characteristics of spermatozoa by computer assisted semen analysis(CASA)were more sensitive indicators of reduced semen quality than estimates of percentages of motile,rapid or progressive cells.Methods:Intermittent scrotal insulation was applied to 6 rams for 16 h per day for 21 days or to 2 of these for 12 h per day for 28 days in the following year.Semen was collected and evaluated by CASA immediately and either frozen or stored at 30℃ or 5℃ before re-evaluation.Results:Intermittent scrotal insulation caused falls in the percentage of motile,progressive and rapid sperm,as did freezing-thawing and storage at 30℃ or 5℃.Motility characteristics(amplitude of lateral head displacement,mean path velocity,mean progressive velocity and curvilinear velocity),as determined by CASA fell only when the percentage of motile sperm was already reduced.Freezing and thawing or liquid storage of the semen from insulated rams caused a greater fall in the percentage of motile and rapid sperm than control semen,but only affected the motility characteristics when the percentage of motile sperm was already reduced.Conclusion:Intermittent scrotal insulation affected not only the motility of the freshly collected sperm,but also theft ability to withstand the additional stress of storage.The additional data on motility characteristics obtained by CASA appeared to be no more a sensitive indicator than the percentage of motile cells of reductions in semen quality.(Asian J Andro12006 Jul;8:411-418)
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant nos.2021YFA1200904,2020YFA0710700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.12375326)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for IHEP(grant nos.E35457U210)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant nos.BX20240205),and the directional institutionalized scientific research platform relying on Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘X-ray Diffraction analysis is crucial for understanding material structures but is hindered by complex patterns and the need for expert interpretation.Deep learning offers automation in phase identification but faces challenges such as data scarcity,overconfidence in predictions and lack of interpretability.This study addresses these by employing Template Element Replacement to generate a perovskite chemical space containing physically unstable virtual structures,enhancing model understanding of XRD-crystal structure relationships and improving classification accuracy by~5%.A Bayesian-VGGNet model was developed,achieving 84%accuracy on simulated spectra and 75%on external experimental data,while simultaneously estimating prediction uncertainty.Evaluation using Bayesian methods revealed low entropy values,indicating high model confidence.Quantifying the importance of input features to crystal symmetry,aligning significant features of seven crystal systems with physical principles.These approaches enhance the model’s robustness and reliability,making it suitable for practical applications.
基金Supported by Tangshan Talent Funding Project in 2025(B202304018).
文摘With the improvement of living standards and the shift in societal consumption attitudes,consumers demand for the quality of aquatic products is increasingly stringent.Freshness and quality have become primary factors determining consumers purchasing decisions.However,due to the high moisture content,active endogenous enzymes,and rich nutrients in aquatic products,both fresh and processed products are highly susceptible to quality deterioration during procurement,distribution,and storage,which leads to a significant decline in sensory quality and nutritional value,while also compromising safety.Today,the consumption of high-quality aquatic products has become a prevailing trend.This paper reviewed the methods for freshness evaluation and quality grading of aquatic products in terms of sensory and nutritional aspects,aiming to support the market circulation principle of"higher price for better quality"and"price based on quality",and better meeting consumer demands.Therefore,it is imperative to enhance the analysis and evaluation of aquatic product quality and to continuously refine assessment systems and methods,which is crucial for promoting industry transformation and fostering a healthy market-consumer economic cycle.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275153)the Frontier Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu,China(No.BF2024068)+1 种基金The Fund of Prospective Layout of Scientific Research for Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,ChinaResearch Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics),China(Nos.MCAS-I-0425K01,MCAS-I-0423G01)。
文摘It is well recognized that Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)reliability evaluation is a key aspect that needs to be urgently addressed to promote the wide application of SHM methods.However,the existing studies typically transfer the Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation(NDT/E)reliability metrics to SHM without a systematic analysis of where these metrics originated.Seldom attentions are paid to the evaluation conditions which are very important to apply these metrics.Aimed at this issue,a new condition control-based Dual-Reliability Evaluation(Dual-RE)method for SHM is proposed.This new method is proposed based on a systematic analysis of the whole framework of reliability evaluation from instrument to NDT,and emphasis is paid to the evaluation condition control.Based on these analyses,considering the special online application scenario of SHM,the proposed Dual-RE method contains two key components:Integrated Sensor-based SHM-RE(IS-SHM-RE)and Critical Service Condition-based SHM-RE(CSC-SHM-RE).ISSHM-RE evaluates the reliability of integrated SHM sensor and system themselves under approximate repeatability conditions,while CSC-SHM-RE assesses SHM reliability under the dominant uncertainties during service,namely intermediate conditions.To demonstrate the Dual-RE,crack monitoring by using the Guided Wave-based-SHM(GW-SHM)on aircraft lug structures is taken as a case study.Both the crack detection and sizing performance are evaluated from accuracy and uncertainty.
文摘Evaluating the adversarial robustness of classification algorithms in machine learning is a crucial domain.However,current methods lack measurable and interpretable metrics.To address this issue,this paper introduces a visual evaluation index named confidence centroid skewing quadrilateral,which is based on a classification confidence-based confusion matrix,offering a quantitative and visual comparison of the adversarial robustness among different classification algorithms,and enhances intuitiveness and interpretability of attack impacts.We first conduct a validity test and sensitive analysis of the method.Then,prove its effectiveness through the experiments of five classification algorithms including artificial neural network(ANN),logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),convolutional neural network(CNN)and transformer against three adversarial attacks such as fast gradient sign method(FGSM),DeepFool,and projected gradient descent(PGD)attack.
基金supported by the Research Funding Project for Graduate Education and Teaching Reform of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.2024Y036)the Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Fund Project of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.2024Z007)the Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications(2025).
文摘Traditional grade-centered evaluation models are inadequate for high-quality software engineering talents in the digital and AI era.This study develops an academic development monitoring system to address shortcomings in dynamics,interdisciplinary integration,and industry adaptability.It builds a multi-dimensional dynamic model covering seven core dimensions with quantitative scoring,non-linear weighting,and DivClust grouping.An intelligent platform with real-time monitoring,early warning,and personalized recommendations integrates AI like multi-modal fusion and large-model diagnosis.The“monitoring-warning-improvement”loop helps optimize training programs,support personalized planning,and bridge talent-industry gaps,enabling digital transformation in software engineering education evaluation.
文摘Over the past decade,neonicotinoid insecticides have become the fastest-growing and most widely used class of pesticides.Initially,these compounds were considered ideal replacements for more hazardous chemicals such as carbamates and organophosphates,due to their presumed limited impact on the environment and human health.However,neonicotinoids have since been detected in soils,surface waters,groundwater,food,and various human biological samples.Moreover,they have been shown to negatively affect aquatic organisms,including aquatic insects,crustaceans,mollusks,fish,algae/macrophytes,and amphibians.Epidemiological studies and human biomonitoring research have revealed both acute and chronic health effects,ranging from respiratory,cardiovascular,and neurological symptoms to congenital abnormalities.This review examines the effects of neonicotinoids,their ecological consequences,and the potential risks associated with human exposure.
文摘In their recent paper Pereira et al.(2025)claim that validation is overlooked in mapping and modelling of ecosystem services(ES).They state that“many studies lack critical evaluation of the results and no validation is provided”and that“the validation step is largely overlooked”.This assertion may have been true several years ago,for example,when Ochoa and Urbina-Cardona(2017)made a similar observation.However,there has been much work on ES model validation over the last decade.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1102500)the Key Research and Development Projects in Hubei Province,China(2021BCA113).
文摘Zearalenone(ZEN),a mycotoxin present in cereals,poses significant health risks to animals and humans due to its estrogenic effects.Numerous studies on the enzymatic detoxification of ZEN have predominantly focused on reducing the parent toxin to assess the enzyme’s efficacy,yet there is limited research on the identification and toxicity evaluation of the enzymatic degradation products.This study investigated the enzymatic degradation mechanisms of ZEN using commercial peroxidase(POD)and laccase(LC),with a focus on identifying degradation products and assessing their hepatotoxicity effects.Molecular docking and dynamics simulations elucidated the binding mechanisms between these enzymes and ZEN,revealing strong interactions that facilitate efficient detoxification.Subsequent analysis employing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)successfully identified crucial degradation products.Hepatic toxicity of the enzymatic degradation products was comprehensively assessed in HepaRG liver cells through systematic measurements of cell viability,oxidative stress,apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential,and molecular metabolic profiles.Our findings demonstrate that both POD and LC exhibit significant efficacy in mitigating hepatocyte toxicity induced by ZEN,thereby highlighting their potential utility in enhancing food safety.This research provides essential data for safety evaluation regarding enzymatic detoxification of ZEN while offering theoretical and technical resources for risk assessment related to mycotoxin enzymatic detoxification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277147)Ningbo Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.2024S081)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J186).
文摘Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.
文摘The sudden growth of harmful web pages,including spam and phishing URLs,poses a greater threat to global cybersecurity than ever before.These URLs are commonly utilised to trick people into divulging confidential details or to stealthily deploy malware.To address this issue,we aimed to assess the efficiency of popular machine learning and neural network models in identifying such harmful links.To serve our research needs,we employed two different datasets:the PhiUSIIL dataset,which is specifically designed to address phishing URL detection,and another dataset developed to uncover spam links by examining the wording and structure of every URL.Our strategy was to train and evaluate four classificationmodels,namely RandomForest,SupportVectorMachine(SVM),Naive Bayes,and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),under two different feature engineering approaches:statistical text-based analysis and heuristic-based structural features.The results are in,and they are stunning:Random Forest and ANN models were always the best.During our research,we achieved some outstanding results.On the PhiUSIIL phishing dataset,the model achieved an accuracy of 99.99%,and on the spam dataset,it attained an accuracy of 99.62%.Studies surpass any previously reported findings,firmly establishing the efficacy of machine learning and neural networks in detecting malicious URLs.Not only does this work reinforce the superiority of these in-demand models,but it also sets a high bar for subsequent research and development in the field.In general,this provides the direction for building smarter,faster,and more precise tools that can spot online threats as they develop.
