To explore the influence of emergency evacuation signs on passenger behavior during subway fires and improve evacuation efficiency in emergencies,this paper proposes a dynamic emergency evacuation sign system.A simula...To explore the influence of emergency evacuation signs on passenger behavior during subway fires and improve evacuation efficiency in emergencies,this paper proposes a dynamic emergency evacuation sign system.A simulation platform integrating building information modeling(BIM)and virtual reality(VR)technologies was em-ployed to create subway fire evacuation scenarios using both the current and proposed dynamic emergency evacuation signage systems.Through simulation experiments,fine-grained microscopic data on passenger behavior was collected.Seven indicators were selected to assess evacuation efficiency and wayfinding difficulty.The analysis explored the influence of evacuation signs on passenger behavior in both overall and decision-making areas,thereby validating the effectiveness of the new emergency evacuation signage system.The results show that the dynamic evacuation signage system significantly improves overall passenger evacuation efficiency and reduces decision-making errors.It also improves wayfinding efficiency in critical decision areas by reducing the need for direction identification,minimizing stopping times,and lowering the frequency of decision errors.The method for evaluating the effects of emergency evacuation signs on passenger evacuation behavior proposed in this study provides a robust theoretical basis for the design and optimization of emergency-oriented signs.展开更多
The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,...The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,the effect of the interactions between perception factors on residents'willingness to evacuate is an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper introduces risk,stakeholder,and protective action perceptions from the protective action decision model as the main explanatory variables.These three core perceptions are subdivided into affective risk perception,cognitive risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,resourcerelated attributes,and hazard-related attributes.A questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2023 among residents of mountainous communities in nine villages in three towns in Sichuan Province,China.359 cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of six perception factors on evacuation intentions.The results of the study showed that:(1)affective risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,and hazard-related attributes all directly and positively influence residents'intentions to evacuate;(2)cognitive risk perception is mediated by stakeholder and protective action perceptions,which indirectly and positively affect residents'intentions to evacuate.Based on the hypothesized paths,strategies to improve residents'willingness to evacuate are discussed from the perspective of three core perceptions:strengthening disaster risk education,improving residents'cohesion,and building government credibility.The results of this study can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for emergency management departments to formulate emergency evacuation strategies,which can aid decision-makers in better understanding residents'intentions to evacuate,optimizing evacuation information dissemination pathways,and strengthening disaster risk management capabilities.展开更多
Once a train stops in a tunnel section and requires emergency evacuation,the large distance between stations and long walking distances in the underground spaces of suburban railway systems pose potential risks to the...Once a train stops in a tunnel section and requires emergency evacuation,the large distance between stations and long walking distances in the underground spaces of suburban railway systems pose potential risks to the evacuation process on tunnel platforms,especially in complex environments.This study utilized Virtual Reality(VR)technology to construct a virtual experimental platform for tunnel evacuation in suburban railway systems,simulating different combinations of smoke and obstacle conditions.By requiring participants to wear VR glasses and walk on an omnidirectional treadmill for moving,as well as complete psychological questionnaires,the study reveals the influences of No Guiding(NG)signs,Wall-Guided(WG)signs,and Central axis Guidance(CG)signs on the movement abilities and psychological behaviors of participants contrastively.The results show that either smoke conditions or obstacle positions affect the mental stress of participants,and the guidance sign has a positive effect on reducing the mental stress.There is an inverse relationship between mental stress and movement abilities.WG and CG signs respectively lead participants to walk closer to walls and along the central axis,which is conducive to reducing the variation in participants’behavior characteristics when circumventing obstacles on the wall side or track side under smoke conditions,respectively.Additionally,CG signs reduce the speed fluctuations of participants before circumventing obstacles,improving the stability of the distance from the wall and speed under smoke conditions,compared to NG and WG signs.These findings contribute to understanding the evacuation psychological-behavioral-movement characteristics of pedestrians on evacuation platforms in suburban railway tunnels and provide a basis for improving the safety design of evacuation guidance signs.展开更多
A new hang-off system has been proposed to improve the security of risers in hang-off modes during typhoons.However,efficient anti-typhoon evacuation strategies have not been investigated.Optimiza-tion model and metho...A new hang-off system has been proposed to improve the security of risers in hang-off modes during typhoons.However,efficient anti-typhoon evacuation strategies have not been investigated.Optimiza-tion model and method for the anti-typhoon evacuation strategies should be researched.Therefore,multi-objective functions are proposed based on operation time,evacuation speed stability,and steering stability.An evacuation path model and a dynamic model of risers with the new hang-off system are developed for design variables and constraints.A multi-objective optimization model with high-dimensional variables and complex constraints is established.Finally,a three-stage optimization method based on genetic algorithm,least square method,and the penalty function method is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization model.Optimization results show that the operation time can be reduced through operation parameter optimization,especially evacuation heading optimization.The optimal anti-typhoon strategy is evacuation with all risers suspended along a variable path when the direction angle is large,while evacuation with all risers suspended along a straight path at another di-rection angle.Besides,the influencing factors on anti-typhoon evacuation strategies indicate that the proposed optimization model and method have strong applicability to working conditions and remarkable optimization effects.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect and prognosis of frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation for severe basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods:Clinical data of 411 patients with severe b...Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect and prognosis of frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation for severe basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods:Clinical data of 411 patients with severe basal ganglia hemorrhage admitted to the Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Linyi People’s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected.According to the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score at 180 days after onset,the patients were divided into the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group.The therapeutic effect of frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation on severe basal ganglia hemorrhage was explored,and the influencing factors of prognosis were analyzed.Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the admission Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score was an independent protective factor for the prognosis of patients with severe basal ganglia hemorrhage,while age,preoperative hematoma volume,random blood glucose level,and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors.Conclusion:Frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation has a good therapeutic effect on severe basal ganglia hemorrhage.However,it is necessary to screen the patients’basic information before surgery and provide medical care based on their specific conditions to promote their rapid recovery.展开更多
Abstract： With a determinate danger zone and evacuation demand caused by an emergency, an optimization method for the evacuation zone with network reconfiguration based on dynamic simulation is proposed. The method c...Abstract： With a determinate danger zone and evacuation demand caused by an emergency, an optimization method for the evacuation zone with network reconfiguration based on dynamic simulation is proposed. The method contains three modules. First, the network in the evacuation zone is optimized by a model with the integrated strategy of lane reversal and intersection conflict elimination. Secondly, the dynamic evacuation simulation model based on the cell transmission model is applied to simulate the dynamic propagation process of evacuated vehicles in the network in the evacuation zone. The evacuation time for all evacuated vehicles leaving the danger zone is obtained and the setting of the current evacuation zone is fed back. Thirdly, the arrival distributions of evacuated vehicles at critical intersections of the evacuation zone are also obtained to estimate the delay at critical intersection to determine whether the intersection should be taken as the critical intersection in the next iteration. The evacuation zone is expanded gradually through iteration, and the reasonable evacuation zone and the optimal evacuation network is confirmed. Based on the survey of the parking lot and urban street network around Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, the models and the iterative algorithm were applied to obtain the optimal plan of the evacuation zone with network reconfiguration in an evacuation situation to verify the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Fengtai Rail Transit Frontier Research Joint Foundation(No.L211024),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072012).
文摘To explore the influence of emergency evacuation signs on passenger behavior during subway fires and improve evacuation efficiency in emergencies,this paper proposes a dynamic emergency evacuation sign system.A simulation platform integrating building information modeling(BIM)and virtual reality(VR)technologies was em-ployed to create subway fire evacuation scenarios using both the current and proposed dynamic emergency evacuation signage systems.Through simulation experiments,fine-grained microscopic data on passenger behavior was collected.Seven indicators were selected to assess evacuation efficiency and wayfinding difficulty.The analysis explored the influence of evacuation signs on passenger behavior in both overall and decision-making areas,thereby validating the effectiveness of the new emergency evacuation signage system.The results show that the dynamic evacuation signage system significantly improves overall passenger evacuation efficiency and reduces decision-making errors.It also improves wayfinding efficiency in critical decision areas by reducing the need for direction identification,minimizing stopping times,and lowering the frequency of decision errors.The method for evaluating the effects of emergency evacuation signs on passenger evacuation behavior proposed in this study provides a robust theoretical basis for the design and optimization of emergency-oriented signs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20111)the National key R&D Program(2022YFC3080100)。
文摘The evacuation of people under threat is an effective disaster prevention and mitigation measure in response to flash floods and geological hazards,and it is also an essential element of pre-disaster planning.However,the effect of the interactions between perception factors on residents'willingness to evacuate is an urgent problem to be solved.Therefore,this paper introduces risk,stakeholder,and protective action perceptions from the protective action decision model as the main explanatory variables.These three core perceptions are subdivided into affective risk perception,cognitive risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,resourcerelated attributes,and hazard-related attributes.A questionnaire survey was conducted from June to July 2023 among residents of mountainous communities in nine villages in three towns in Sichuan Province,China.359 cross-sectional data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore the effects of six perception factors on evacuation intentions.The results of the study showed that:(1)affective risk perception,government perception,other-stakeholder perception,and hazard-related attributes all directly and positively influence residents'intentions to evacuate;(2)cognitive risk perception is mediated by stakeholder and protective action perceptions,which indirectly and positively affect residents'intentions to evacuate.Based on the hypothesized paths,strategies to improve residents'willingness to evacuate are discussed from the perspective of three core perceptions:strengthening disaster risk education,improving residents'cohesion,and building government credibility.The results of this study can provide theoretical support and practical suggestions for emergency management departments to formulate emergency evacuation strategies,which can aid decision-makers in better understanding residents'intentions to evacuate,optimizing evacuation information dissemination pathways,and strengthening disaster risk management capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 52472322)the Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant Number 21YF1415800)+1 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science(Grant Number 2023-APTS-05)the Shanghai SASAC Enterprise Innovation and Capability Enhancement Project(Grant Number 2022016,2023020).
文摘Once a train stops in a tunnel section and requires emergency evacuation,the large distance between stations and long walking distances in the underground spaces of suburban railway systems pose potential risks to the evacuation process on tunnel platforms,especially in complex environments.This study utilized Virtual Reality(VR)technology to construct a virtual experimental platform for tunnel evacuation in suburban railway systems,simulating different combinations of smoke and obstacle conditions.By requiring participants to wear VR glasses and walk on an omnidirectional treadmill for moving,as well as complete psychological questionnaires,the study reveals the influences of No Guiding(NG)signs,Wall-Guided(WG)signs,and Central axis Guidance(CG)signs on the movement abilities and psychological behaviors of participants contrastively.The results show that either smoke conditions or obstacle positions affect the mental stress of participants,and the guidance sign has a positive effect on reducing the mental stress.There is an inverse relationship between mental stress and movement abilities.WG and CG signs respectively lead participants to walk closer to walls and along the central axis,which is conducive to reducing the variation in participants’behavior characteristics when circumventing obstacles on the wall side or track side under smoke conditions,respectively.Additionally,CG signs reduce the speed fluctuations of participants before circumventing obstacles,improving the stability of the distance from the wall and speed under smoke conditions,compared to NG and WG signs.These findings contribute to understanding the evacuation psychological-behavioral-movement characteristics of pedestrians on evacuation platforms in suburban railway tunnels and provide a basis for improving the safety design of evacuation guidance signs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:52271300,52071337)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2806501)+1 种基金High-tech Ship Research Projects Sponsored by MIIT(CBG2N21-4-25)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(Grant No.IRT14R58).
文摘A new hang-off system has been proposed to improve the security of risers in hang-off modes during typhoons.However,efficient anti-typhoon evacuation strategies have not been investigated.Optimiza-tion model and method for the anti-typhoon evacuation strategies should be researched.Therefore,multi-objective functions are proposed based on operation time,evacuation speed stability,and steering stability.An evacuation path model and a dynamic model of risers with the new hang-off system are developed for design variables and constraints.A multi-objective optimization model with high-dimensional variables and complex constraints is established.Finally,a three-stage optimization method based on genetic algorithm,least square method,and the penalty function method is proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization model.Optimization results show that the operation time can be reduced through operation parameter optimization,especially evacuation heading optimization.The optimal anti-typhoon strategy is evacuation with all risers suspended along a variable path when the direction angle is large,while evacuation with all risers suspended along a straight path at another di-rection angle.Besides,the influencing factors on anti-typhoon evacuation strategies indicate that the proposed optimization model and method have strong applicability to working conditions and remarkable optimization effects.
基金Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program,Clinical Study on Modified Stereotactic Soft Channel Intracranial Hematoma Evacuation for Severe Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage(Project No.:202203071107)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect and prognosis of frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation for severe basal ganglia hemorrhage.Methods:Clinical data of 411 patients with severe basal ganglia hemorrhage admitted to the Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Linyi People’s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected.According to the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score at 180 days after onset,the patients were divided into the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group.The therapeutic effect of frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation on severe basal ganglia hemorrhage was explored,and the influencing factors of prognosis were analyzed.Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the admission Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)score was an independent protective factor for the prognosis of patients with severe basal ganglia hemorrhage,while age,preoperative hematoma volume,random blood glucose level,and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors.Conclusion:Frameless stereotactic soft channel intracranial hematoma evacuation has a good therapeutic effect on severe basal ganglia hemorrhage.However,it is necessary to screen the patients’basic information before surgery and provide medical care based on their specific conditions to promote their rapid recovery.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51408190)
文摘Abstract： With a determinate danger zone and evacuation demand caused by an emergency, an optimization method for the evacuation zone with network reconfiguration based on dynamic simulation is proposed. The method contains three modules. First, the network in the evacuation zone is optimized by a model with the integrated strategy of lane reversal and intersection conflict elimination. Secondly, the dynamic evacuation simulation model based on the cell transmission model is applied to simulate the dynamic propagation process of evacuated vehicles in the network in the evacuation zone. The evacuation time for all evacuated vehicles leaving the danger zone is obtained and the setting of the current evacuation zone is fed back. Thirdly, the arrival distributions of evacuated vehicles at critical intersections of the evacuation zone are also obtained to estimate the delay at critical intersection to determine whether the intersection should be taken as the critical intersection in the next iteration. The evacuation zone is expanded gradually through iteration, and the reasonable evacuation zone and the optimal evacuation network is confirmed. Based on the survey of the parking lot and urban street network around Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, the models and the iterative algorithm were applied to obtain the optimal plan of the evacuation zone with network reconfiguration in an evacuation situation to verify the validity of the proposed method.
