An improved dynamic parameter model is presented based on cellular automata.The dynamic parameters,including direction parameter,empty parameter,and cognition parameter,are formulated to simplify tactically the proces...An improved dynamic parameter model is presented based on cellular automata.The dynamic parameters,including direction parameter,empty parameter,and cognition parameter,are formulated to simplify tactically the process of making decisions for pedestrians.The improved model reflects the judgement of pedestrians on surrounding conditions and the action of choosing or decision.According to the two-dimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood we establish the pedestrian moving rule,and carry out corresponding simulations of pedestrian evacuation.The improved model considers the impact of pedestrian density near exits on the evacuation process.Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the improvement makes sense due to the fact that except for the spatial distance to exits,people also choose an exit according to the pedestrian density around exits.The impact factors 伪,尾,and 纬 are introduced to describe transition payoff,and their optimal values are determined through simulation.Moreover,the effects of pedestrian distribution,pedestrian density,and the width of exits on the evacuation time are discussed.The optimal exit layout,i.e.,the optimal position and width,is offered.The comparison between the simulated results obtained with the improved model and that from a previous model and experiments indicates that the improved model can reproduce experimental results well.Thus,it has great significance for further study,and important instructional meaning for pedestrian evacuation so as to reduce the number of casualties.展开更多
A simulation study on occupant evacuation in high-speed railway stations （HSRSs） was presented in China. Pathfinder was employed as the simulation platform and a typical HSRS in a medinm-sized city in China was sele...A simulation study on occupant evacuation in high-speed railway stations （HSRSs） was presented in China. Pathfinder was employed as the simulation platform and a typical HSRS in a medinm-sized city in China was selected for model development. The model was carefully calibrated and validated by comparing simulation results with field data. Evacuation efficiency could be improved with the increased door width while such effect decreased when the door width reached a marginal value. And the marginal value varied under different occupant densities. An exponential function between evacuation lime and occupant density was fitted, indicating that occupant density significantly affected evacuation efficiency. A set of different evacuation strategies were compared, in terms of their evacuation performances. It was found that a balanced door usage would result in more efficient evacuations in HSRSs. Thus occupant flows were suggested to be managed considering door capacity. To avoid potential safety issues caused by such strategy （ e. g. , more occupants could be evacuated from a smaller area designed with higher door capacity ）, occupants needed to enhance their awareness of following evacuation guidance instead of panic escape in emergencies. Moreover, such safety issues could also be avoided during the design phase that the evacuation capacity was designed to be proportional to the room capacity for each floor. The results of this study provide valuable information for HSRS design and flow management in China.展开更多
Fires that occur in assembly buildings cause great loss of life and property.Children’s cultural centers included in assembly buildings should also be evaluated within this context.Children create an occupant profile...Fires that occur in assembly buildings cause great loss of life and property.Children’s cultural centers included in assembly buildings should also be evaluated within this context.Children create an occupant profile in cultural centers,and the internal environment has an excessive fire load,which poses a great risk of fires.In fire evacuation scenarios for children’s cultural centers,it is necessary to create appropriate evacuation conditions.In this work,fire safety was analyzed over total evacuation time within occupant-based fire evacuation simulations of a children’s cultural center located in Istanbul.The effect of the children’s theatre hall located on the top floor on a building’s total evacuation time has been studied.The effectiveness of alternative fire escape routes on evacuation time through different evacuation scenarios has been analyzed,and safe evacuation strategies for children’s cultural centers have been revealed.As a result of this study,recommendations were presented within performance-based fire evacuation strategies in the design of children’s cultural centers.As the future of the countries,fire safety design criteria have been created in children’s cultural centers for children to be able to be safe in educational,cultural,and artistic environments.展开更多
基金Project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 71071013,71001004,71071012,and71131001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No. 2011YJS241)
文摘An improved dynamic parameter model is presented based on cellular automata.The dynamic parameters,including direction parameter,empty parameter,and cognition parameter,are formulated to simplify tactically the process of making decisions for pedestrians.The improved model reflects the judgement of pedestrians on surrounding conditions and the action of choosing or decision.According to the two-dimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood we establish the pedestrian moving rule,and carry out corresponding simulations of pedestrian evacuation.The improved model considers the impact of pedestrian density near exits on the evacuation process.Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the improvement makes sense due to the fact that except for the spatial distance to exits,people also choose an exit according to the pedestrian density around exits.The impact factors 伪,尾,and 纬 are introduced to describe transition payoff,and their optimal values are determined through simulation.Moreover,the effects of pedestrian distribution,pedestrian density,and the width of exits on the evacuation time are discussed.The optimal exit layout,i.e.,the optimal position and width,is offered.The comparison between the simulated results obtained with the improved model and that from a previous model and experiments indicates that the improved model can reproduce experimental results well.Thus,it has great significance for further study,and important instructional meaning for pedestrian evacuation so as to reduce the number of casualties.
基金Study of Emergency Management Technology of Integrated Passenger Transportation Hub in Jiangsu Province,China(No.2012R06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51608114)Shanghai Pujiang Program,China(No.15PJC093)
文摘A simulation study on occupant evacuation in high-speed railway stations （HSRSs） was presented in China. Pathfinder was employed as the simulation platform and a typical HSRS in a medinm-sized city in China was selected for model development. The model was carefully calibrated and validated by comparing simulation results with field data. Evacuation efficiency could be improved with the increased door width while such effect decreased when the door width reached a marginal value. And the marginal value varied under different occupant densities. An exponential function between evacuation lime and occupant density was fitted, indicating that occupant density significantly affected evacuation efficiency. A set of different evacuation strategies were compared, in terms of their evacuation performances. It was found that a balanced door usage would result in more efficient evacuations in HSRSs. Thus occupant flows were suggested to be managed considering door capacity. To avoid potential safety issues caused by such strategy （ e. g. , more occupants could be evacuated from a smaller area designed with higher door capacity ）, occupants needed to enhance their awareness of following evacuation guidance instead of panic escape in emergencies. Moreover, such safety issues could also be avoided during the design phase that the evacuation capacity was designed to be proportional to the room capacity for each floor. The results of this study provide valuable information for HSRS design and flow management in China.
文摘Fires that occur in assembly buildings cause great loss of life and property.Children’s cultural centers included in assembly buildings should also be evaluated within this context.Children create an occupant profile in cultural centers,and the internal environment has an excessive fire load,which poses a great risk of fires.In fire evacuation scenarios for children’s cultural centers,it is necessary to create appropriate evacuation conditions.In this work,fire safety was analyzed over total evacuation time within occupant-based fire evacuation simulations of a children’s cultural center located in Istanbul.The effect of the children’s theatre hall located on the top floor on a building’s total evacuation time has been studied.The effectiveness of alternative fire escape routes on evacuation time through different evacuation scenarios has been analyzed,and safe evacuation strategies for children’s cultural centers have been revealed.As a result of this study,recommendations were presented within performance-based fire evacuation strategies in the design of children’s cultural centers.As the future of the countries,fire safety design criteria have been created in children’s cultural centers for children to be able to be safe in educational,cultural,and artistic environments.
