Conceptualizations of empathy have been most fully developed in a variety of fields in recent years.Many approaches to empathy dwell on the cognitive,affective,and behavioral aspects,the intra-psychic processes that c...Conceptualizations of empathy have been most fully developed in a variety of fields in recent years.Many approaches to empathy dwell on the cognitive,affective,and behavioral aspects,the intra-psychic processes that cause one to feel emotions more like those of another,rather than the interpersonal functions of empathy,which may be influenced by the variables during the communication process.Therefore,this study designed and implemented a virtual ethnographic intercultural project between Chinese and American university students with WeChat as the main social medium.The whole process included three phases:exploring the unique cultural experiences of Chinese and American students,seeking an empathy based on commonality and seeking a relational empathy,a form of harmonization and integration through interactive and continuous intercultural dialogues.During the process,the method of discourse-centered online ethnography(DCOE)was employed,which involved systematic observation and interaction with WeChat users.We used the collective data to analyze how relational empathy was developed through understanding cultural differences,seeking similarities,and creating a third culture by engaging students in a substantial and dynamic natural and interactive setting.The study shows that the most challenging process to nurture relational empathy is to move from Phases One and Two to Phase Three,during which,some strategies to build relational empathy need to be taught and practiced in a specific cultural setting.In conclusion,virtual ethnographic intercultural teaching is an effective approach to offer students a long-term intercultural dialogue and insight into developing shared meaning,or dynamic relational empathy with culturally different others.展开更多
Introduction: As far as adult and married women were concerned, when they occurred to “unplanned pregnancy”, they felt so surprised and concussive all the time. Besides, the unplanned pregnancy also affects the othe...Introduction: As far as adult and married women were concerned, when they occurred to “unplanned pregnancy”, they felt so surprised and concussive all the time. Besides, the unplanned pregnancy also affects the other members in the family system. Therefore, when married women have to face the choice: “birth” or “abortion”, they’ll consider lots of thoughts and different decision criteria and decision pattern under various influences on physician, mind, mental and society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the criteria considered and the decision patterns involved when adult married women decide whether to terminate or continue an unplanned pregnancy. Methods: The study uses the method—“Ethnographic Decision Tree Modeling” [1] to build model of the decision criteria and decision patterns involved when adult married women make a decision about their unplanned pregnancy. There are three process in the research method: “Pilot Study”—interview two groups, every group distinct 4 married adult women with unplanned pregnancies, which decide whether to terminate or continue an unplanned pregnancy, what is the items of decision characters affect to the choice: “birth” or “abortion”. “Building of the Model”, displays the importance in proper order of those items and build the modeling with these two groups of women. “Testing of the Model”: investigate the criteria considered and the decision patterns involved when adult married women decide whether to terminate or continue an unplanned pregnancy. The study interviewed 34 married adult women with 43 unplanned pregnancies totally. Results: The result of the study finds out 12 items of decision characters, including planning to get pregnant or not, stability of feelings for married partner, the points of view on life, was affected by mother, mother-in-law, an husband’s emphasis on male, the meanings of children, the financial burden, the plan an assignment of career and time, the past pregnant experiences, the status of raising children, the health of parents and fetus, the effect of living environment, and social and cultural vision. Besides, there are four decision patterns of married adult women with unplanned pregnancy are “receiving abortion positively”;“giving birth as long as getting pregnancy naturally”;“ the minds are hesitative and changeable”, and “being forced by important others.” Conclusion: By setting the decision model tree, we found several decision criteria and patterns, and possible modes actions to be taken, could offer to see the adult married women’s decision-making and struggles in mind about unplanned pregnancy.展开更多
Much scholarship on“play”activities has focused on enhancing children’s learning processes and developing interest towards learning second language[1].Many of these studies,however,adopt the survey to conduct their...Much scholarship on“play”activities has focused on enhancing children’s learning processes and developing interest towards learning second language[1].Many of these studies,however,adopt the survey to conduct their study.This study explored how“play with local kids”activities effect the development of English speaking and listening of two Chinese children in the Philippines,employing an ethnographically based approach to observe the two participants playing with local kids,which lasted about 4 months.The findings of the study revealed that“play”activities can not only help young children have a better understanding of their English conversations,and make them have more confidence to speak English,but also inspire them to speak English in such environment.In view of the results,it is obvious that“play with local kids”is a very good way for young children to acquire a second language in a multilingual setting.It is strongly recommended that language researchers and teachers should pay more attention and do more research on the relationship between“play”and second language acquisition.展开更多
Zhao Yingcheng （1619-1657）, known as ＂The Great Advisor＂, is the only Kaifeng Jew who is mentioned both in the synagogal stele of 1663 and in Chinese gazetteers during his lifetime. Zhao, given the Hebrew name of ...Zhao Yingcheng （1619-1657）, known as ＂The Great Advisor＂, is the only Kaifeng Jew who is mentioned both in the synagogal stele of 1663 and in Chinese gazetteers during his lifetime. Zhao, given the Hebrew name of Moshe ben Avram, was fluent in Hebrew but also achieved success as a Confucian scholar familiar with the Chinese classics. He would have witnessed the destruction of his hometown by a catastrophic flood during the 1642 Siege of Kaifeng. In 1645, at the age of 26, he attained the jinshi rank in the Imperial Exams, in which only one in 10,000 can- didates was successful. A year later, he was appointed Minister of Justice for the newly installed Qing Dynasty and supervised the controversial decree forcing the Manchu tonsure onto the Han population as a mark of submission. In 1647, he was sent as an envoy to quell the unrest in Fujian province. After defeating bands of violent warlords funded by the notorious pirate Koxinga, Zhao set up a system of public schools to provide greater economic opportunity for the poor. After the death of his father, Zhao returned to Kaifeng for the three-year mourning period; during that time, he funded the restoration of the synagogue, which had been destroyed in the deluge, and the rectification of the Torah scrolls damaged in that catastrophe. Though the biographical facts are sparse, when these are juxtaposed with the dra- matic events that unfolded during his short lifetime, the potential for a fascinating historical fictionalization emerges. Moreover, many of those historical events in seventeenth-century China--climate change, elite corruption, populist revolt, xenophobia, terrorism, law and order, etc.--resonate with contemporary tropes. The story of ＂The Great Advisor＂ shows how a Jew in seventeenth-century China rose to national prominence at a time when Jews in Europe faced severe discrimination and persecution.展开更多
Despite the increasing dissemination of the Building Information Modeling(BIM)approach,many firms are still far from BIM and are only starting to adopt information technologies.We conducted an ethnographic action rese...Despite the increasing dissemination of the Building Information Modeling(BIM)approach,many firms are still far from BIM and are only starting to adopt information technologies.We conducted an ethnographic action research with an industrial partner that implements information technologies on its construction sites,with a strong preference for home-made applications.Results show that the development of such applications faces difficulties and that multiple iterations and versions are necessary before achieving the expected goals because the required competencies are lacking among internal development teams.Moreover,initial needs evolve considerably throughout the application’s development and evaluation process.However,notwithstanding the difficulties encountered during the different application development phases,the industrial partner believes the decision to be worthwhile because of the desire to have internal control over the project data and the need to consider certain specificities related to business processes.展开更多
Ethnic corridor(minzu zoulang民族走廊)is a research orientation that Fei Xiaotong first proposed and continuously explained in the early stage of reform and opening up.From a long-term perspective of academic history,...Ethnic corridor(minzu zoulang民族走廊)is a research orientation that Fei Xiaotong first proposed and continuously explained in the early stage of reform and opening up.From a long-term perspective of academic history,its academic origin is closely related to the formation of Fei Xiaotong's early academic thoughts and self-academic reflections,and also stemmed from ethnic historical turn and ethnic investigation since the 1950s.Fei Xiaotong initially proposed the corridor perspective in order to solve the remaining problem of ethnic identification,and advocated the identification of a single ethnic group from the ethnic relationship in the regional history.However,the phenomenon of multi-ethnic cultural integration in the corridor area has pushed Fei Xiaotong's breaking away from the shackles of single-ethnic research,and promoted his corridor research to the exploratory level about the formation and pattern of Chinese nation.The academic path of Fei Xiaotong's corridor idea indicates ethnic corridor research should pay more attention to the interpretation of historical process and ethnographic fieldwork of multi-ethnic relation.展开更多
Conducting thematic analysis in qualitative research can be laborious and time-consuming.We propose and evaluate the feasibility of using Generative Pre-trained Transformer(GPT)models to assist public health researche...Conducting thematic analysis in qualitative research can be laborious and time-consuming.We propose and evaluate the feasibility of using Generative Pre-trained Transformer(GPT)models to assist public health researchers in extracting themes from interview transcripts.Carefully engineered prompts were used to sequentially extract and synthesize transcripts into a concise set of study-level themes relevant to the study’s goals.An evaluation using a 5-point Likert scale(0−4)assessed GPTgenerated themes across 11 published studies based on four criteria:succinctness,alignment with researcher-identified themes,quality of explanations,and relevance of quotes.Across all four criteria,the scores averaged 3.05(95%Confidence Interval(CI):[2.93,3.16]).Our findings indicate that at least half of the GPT-generated themes align with those in published studies,exhibiting succinctness with minimal repetition,substantial depth of explanations,and relevant quotations.Despite these promising results,practices such as complementing outputs with field-specific knowledge are recommended.展开更多
文摘Conceptualizations of empathy have been most fully developed in a variety of fields in recent years.Many approaches to empathy dwell on the cognitive,affective,and behavioral aspects,the intra-psychic processes that cause one to feel emotions more like those of another,rather than the interpersonal functions of empathy,which may be influenced by the variables during the communication process.Therefore,this study designed and implemented a virtual ethnographic intercultural project between Chinese and American university students with WeChat as the main social medium.The whole process included three phases:exploring the unique cultural experiences of Chinese and American students,seeking an empathy based on commonality and seeking a relational empathy,a form of harmonization and integration through interactive and continuous intercultural dialogues.During the process,the method of discourse-centered online ethnography(DCOE)was employed,which involved systematic observation and interaction with WeChat users.We used the collective data to analyze how relational empathy was developed through understanding cultural differences,seeking similarities,and creating a third culture by engaging students in a substantial and dynamic natural and interactive setting.The study shows that the most challenging process to nurture relational empathy is to move from Phases One and Two to Phase Three,during which,some strategies to build relational empathy need to be taught and practiced in a specific cultural setting.In conclusion,virtual ethnographic intercultural teaching is an effective approach to offer students a long-term intercultural dialogue and insight into developing shared meaning,or dynamic relational empathy with culturally different others.
文摘Introduction: As far as adult and married women were concerned, when they occurred to “unplanned pregnancy”, they felt so surprised and concussive all the time. Besides, the unplanned pregnancy also affects the other members in the family system. Therefore, when married women have to face the choice: “birth” or “abortion”, they’ll consider lots of thoughts and different decision criteria and decision pattern under various influences on physician, mind, mental and society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the criteria considered and the decision patterns involved when adult married women decide whether to terminate or continue an unplanned pregnancy. Methods: The study uses the method—“Ethnographic Decision Tree Modeling” [1] to build model of the decision criteria and decision patterns involved when adult married women make a decision about their unplanned pregnancy. There are three process in the research method: “Pilot Study”—interview two groups, every group distinct 4 married adult women with unplanned pregnancies, which decide whether to terminate or continue an unplanned pregnancy, what is the items of decision characters affect to the choice: “birth” or “abortion”. “Building of the Model”, displays the importance in proper order of those items and build the modeling with these two groups of women. “Testing of the Model”: investigate the criteria considered and the decision patterns involved when adult married women decide whether to terminate or continue an unplanned pregnancy. The study interviewed 34 married adult women with 43 unplanned pregnancies totally. Results: The result of the study finds out 12 items of decision characters, including planning to get pregnant or not, stability of feelings for married partner, the points of view on life, was affected by mother, mother-in-law, an husband’s emphasis on male, the meanings of children, the financial burden, the plan an assignment of career and time, the past pregnant experiences, the status of raising children, the health of parents and fetus, the effect of living environment, and social and cultural vision. Besides, there are four decision patterns of married adult women with unplanned pregnancy are “receiving abortion positively”;“giving birth as long as getting pregnancy naturally”;“ the minds are hesitative and changeable”, and “being forced by important others.” Conclusion: By setting the decision model tree, we found several decision criteria and patterns, and possible modes actions to be taken, could offer to see the adult married women’s decision-making and struggles in mind about unplanned pregnancy.
文摘Much scholarship on“play”activities has focused on enhancing children’s learning processes and developing interest towards learning second language[1].Many of these studies,however,adopt the survey to conduct their study.This study explored how“play with local kids”activities effect the development of English speaking and listening of two Chinese children in the Philippines,employing an ethnographically based approach to observe the two participants playing with local kids,which lasted about 4 months.The findings of the study revealed that“play”activities can not only help young children have a better understanding of their English conversations,and make them have more confidence to speak English,but also inspire them to speak English in such environment.In view of the results,it is obvious that“play with local kids”is a very good way for young children to acquire a second language in a multilingual setting.It is strongly recommended that language researchers and teachers should pay more attention and do more research on the relationship between“play”and second language acquisition.
文摘Zhao Yingcheng （1619-1657）, known as ＂The Great Advisor＂, is the only Kaifeng Jew who is mentioned both in the synagogal stele of 1663 and in Chinese gazetteers during his lifetime. Zhao, given the Hebrew name of Moshe ben Avram, was fluent in Hebrew but also achieved success as a Confucian scholar familiar with the Chinese classics. He would have witnessed the destruction of his hometown by a catastrophic flood during the 1642 Siege of Kaifeng. In 1645, at the age of 26, he attained the jinshi rank in the Imperial Exams, in which only one in 10,000 can- didates was successful. A year later, he was appointed Minister of Justice for the newly installed Qing Dynasty and supervised the controversial decree forcing the Manchu tonsure onto the Han population as a mark of submission. In 1647, he was sent as an envoy to quell the unrest in Fujian province. After defeating bands of violent warlords funded by the notorious pirate Koxinga, Zhao set up a system of public schools to provide greater economic opportunity for the poor. After the death of his father, Zhao returned to Kaifeng for the three-year mourning period; during that time, he funded the restoration of the synagogue, which had been destroyed in the deluge, and the rectification of the Torah scrolls damaged in that catastrophe. Though the biographical facts are sparse, when these are juxtaposed with the dra- matic events that unfolded during his short lifetime, the potential for a fascinating historical fictionalization emerges. Moreover, many of those historical events in seventeenth-century China--climate change, elite corruption, populist revolt, xenophobia, terrorism, law and order, etc.--resonate with contemporary tropes. The story of ＂The Great Advisor＂ shows how a Jew in seventeenth-century China rose to national prominence at a time when Jews in Europe faced severe discrimination and persecution.
文摘Despite the increasing dissemination of the Building Information Modeling(BIM)approach,many firms are still far from BIM and are only starting to adopt information technologies.We conducted an ethnographic action research with an industrial partner that implements information technologies on its construction sites,with a strong preference for home-made applications.Results show that the development of such applications faces difficulties and that multiple iterations and versions are necessary before achieving the expected goals because the required competencies are lacking among internal development teams.Moreover,initial needs evolve considerably throughout the application’s development and evaluation process.However,notwithstanding the difficulties encountered during the different application development phases,the industrial partner believes the decision to be worthwhile because of the desire to have internal control over the project data and the need to consider certain specificities related to business processes.
文摘Ethnic corridor(minzu zoulang民族走廊)is a research orientation that Fei Xiaotong first proposed and continuously explained in the early stage of reform and opening up.From a long-term perspective of academic history,its academic origin is closely related to the formation of Fei Xiaotong's early academic thoughts and self-academic reflections,and also stemmed from ethnic historical turn and ethnic investigation since the 1950s.Fei Xiaotong initially proposed the corridor perspective in order to solve the remaining problem of ethnic identification,and advocated the identification of a single ethnic group from the ethnic relationship in the regional history.However,the phenomenon of multi-ethnic cultural integration in the corridor area has pushed Fei Xiaotong's breaking away from the shackles of single-ethnic research,and promoted his corridor research to the exploratory level about the formation and pattern of Chinese nation.The academic path of Fei Xiaotong's corridor idea indicates ethnic corridor research should pay more attention to the interpretation of historical process and ethnographic fieldwork of multi-ethnic relation.
基金supported in part by the Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research(WU-CDTR)under Grant Number P30DK092950 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(NIDDK)。
文摘Conducting thematic analysis in qualitative research can be laborious and time-consuming.We propose and evaluate the feasibility of using Generative Pre-trained Transformer(GPT)models to assist public health researchers in extracting themes from interview transcripts.Carefully engineered prompts were used to sequentially extract and synthesize transcripts into a concise set of study-level themes relevant to the study’s goals.An evaluation using a 5-point Likert scale(0−4)assessed GPTgenerated themes across 11 published studies based on four criteria:succinctness,alignment with researcher-identified themes,quality of explanations,and relevance of quotes.Across all four criteria,the scores averaged 3.05(95%Confidence Interval(CI):[2.93,3.16]).Our findings indicate that at least half of the GPT-generated themes align with those in published studies,exhibiting succinctness with minimal repetition,substantial depth of explanations,and relevant quotations.Despite these promising results,practices such as complementing outputs with field-specific knowledge are recommended.
