BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of de...Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.展开更多
Background Clinical brain-computer interface(BCI)for mental disorders is an emerging interdisciplinary research field,posing new ethical concerns and challenges,yet lacking practical ethical governance guidelines for ...Background Clinical brain-computer interface(BCI)for mental disorders is an emerging interdisciplinary research field,posing new ethical concerns and challenges,yet lacking practical ethical governance guidelines for stakeholders and the entire community.Aims This study aims to establish a multidisciplinary consensus of principles for ethical governance of clinical BCI research for mental disorders and offer practical ethical guidance to stakeholders involved.Methods A systematic literature review,symposium and roundtable discussions,and a pre-Delphi(round 0)survey were conducted to form the questionnaire for the three-round modified Delphi study.Two rounds of surveys,followed by a third round of independent interviews of 25 experts from BCI-related research domains,were involved.We conducted quantitative analysis of responses and agreements among experts to reveal the consensus and differences regarding the ethical governance of mental BCI research from a multidisciplinary perspective.Results The Delphi panel emphasised important concerns of ethical review practices and ethical principles within the BCI context,identified qualified and highly influential institutions and personnel in conducting and advancing clinical BCI research,and recognised prioritised aspects in the risk-benefit evaluation.Experts expressed diverse opinions on specific ethical concerns,including concerns about invasive technology,its impact on humanity and potential social consequences.Agreement was reached that the practices of ethical governance of clinical BCI for mental disorders should focus on patient voluntariness,autonomy,long-term effects and related assessments of BCI interventions,as well as privacy protection,transparent reporting and ensuring that the research is conducted in qualified institutions with strong data security.Conclusions Ethical governance of clinical research on BCI for mental disorders should include interdisciplinary experts to balance various needs and incorporate the expertise of different stakeholders to avoid serious ethical issues.It requires scientifically grounded approaches,continuous monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure evidence-based policies,comprehensive risk assessments and transparency,thereby promoting responsible innovations and protecting patient rights and well-being.展开更多
This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasize...This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.展开更多
Addressing the existing gap in ethical research surrounding distinct technical characteristics of Robotic Process Automation enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI-RPA), this analysis examines the unique ethical di...Addressing the existing gap in ethical research surrounding distinct technical characteristics of Robotic Process Automation enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI-RPA), this analysis examines the unique ethical dimensions by positioning AI-RPA as a distinct technological subdivision. From an analytical perspective, this study highlights key characteristics such as minimal reliance on programming, rapid development cycles, and restricted algorithmic control, which differentiate AI-RPA from traditional AI systems. These characteristics underscore the need for tailored ethical considerations, to identify ethical perils within AI-RPA’s technological origins. By positioning AI-RPA as a distinct subdivision and examining its unique characteristics alongside their emerging ethical challenges, this paper enriches the evolving discourse on AI ethics, providing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and organizations implementing AI-RPA technologies.展开更多
This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity...This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity within the ethical environment of his time.It further points out the process and the consequence of his ethical choices in the conflict between family interests and social responsibilities,so as to reveal the ethical teaching function of the play.Joe’s ethical predicament arises from the contradiction between his family roles and his desire for interests as a businessman.In this conflict,the interaction of the human factor and the animal factor within the“Sphinx factor”causes Joe to make two different ethical choices.Through Joe’s tragic fate,Miller reveals the ethical enlightenment in All My Sons:Individuals,families,and society are inextricably linked,so today’s citizens need to recognize their inherent social nature and fulfill ethical duties in both personal and social aspects.Miller uses the play to criticize the ethical ethos of 20th-century American society and calls on readers to reevaluate the instrumental rationality behind the American Dream.展开更多
Objective:To study the relationship,the mediating effect of organizational commitment on nurses’ethical climate and ethical behavior.Methods:Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)was employed to perform path analysis in t...Objective:To study the relationship,the mediating effect of organizational commitment on nurses’ethical climate and ethical behavior.Methods:Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)was employed to perform path analysis in this exploratory study.The participants consisted of 280 Iranian nurses who were studied through proportional random sampling.The research tool was consisted of(1)the Ethical Climate Questionnaire by Cullen and Victor,which examines the ethical standards of selfishness,philanthropy,and ethical principles,as well as the reference sources of ethical arguments,including individual,regional,and global ones;(2)Allen and Mayer’s questionnaire,which measures organizational commitment in 3 areas:emotional commitment,continuous commitment,and normative commitment;and(3)Peterson’s Ethical Behavior Questionnaire,which combines nine items to form interconnected ethical behaviors and is based on a 5-point Likert scale.The data were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS v.23 software.Results:The correlation coefficient between the two variables,ethical climate and ethical behavior,showed a significant relationship(r=0.10,p=0.085).The organizational commitment showed a significant relationship between some dimensions and the total ethical climate.The ethical climate affects the organizational commitment(beta=3.261)and behavior(beta=0.121).Organizational commitment does not show any significant relationship with ethical behavior.The ethical climate affects the organizational commitment and the ethical behavior.Conclusions:Nursing managers and nursing staff should consider the ethical climate that affects the organizational commitment and nursing ethical behavior.展开更多
My Life as a Foreign Country is an Iraq War narrative by American veteran Brian Turner,recounting the protagonist Turner’s experiences in the Iraq War alongside the wartime experiences of his forefathers.As a descend...My Life as a Foreign Country is an Iraq War narrative by American veteran Brian Turner,recounting the protagonist Turner’s experiences in the Iraq War alongside the wartime experiences of his forefathers.As a descendant of a military family,the protagonist Turner makes ethical choices based on his ethical identity,elucidating the ethical concepts and dilemmas faced by Iraq War soldiers.This paper interprets the narrative from the perspective of literary ethics,analyzing the ethical choices made by the protagonist Turner to explain the underlying reasons and motivations,thereby revealing the ethical perplexities of American soldiers in modern warfare.展开更多
Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative imp...Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative impact of physical restraint on patients' psychological and physical health. The current authors review the ethical and legal underpinnings of the opponents' and proponents' views. On one hand, there is a clear violation of the main principles of the code of ethics. Autonomy and justice;as the patients are tied against their will and without obtaining their consent, non-maleficent;as physical restraints are reported in many cases of physical and psychological traumas, thus many agencies prohibited the use of physical restraints as a safety method to be replaced with other deescalating techniques. On the other hand, physical restraints are a precious method in controlling aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety, which is the selective beneficence in providing patient care. Also, most of the same agencies who prohibited the use of restraints, agreed the use of physical restraint as the last resor t.Summary statement What is already known about this topic?· Currently, physical restraint is used as the first accessible method to manage patients' behaviors, without considering the negative aura that surrounds the way of treatment. The usage of physical restraint has gone beyond the purpose of maintaining patient safety and managing aggressive behaviors to be a punishment method.· The Ethical and Legal context of using physical restraints is still vague and needs more clarification.What does this paper add?· This manuscript illustrates the Ethical and Legal points of view of the opponents and proponents of using physical restraints.· The current manuscript clearly justifies the authors' point of view to oppose physical restraints usage and how physical restraints violate the core principles of the code of ethics. In addition, it illustrates the legal agencies that suppor t/oppose the usage of physical restraint and the rationale beyond that position.· This manuscript provides alternatives to manage patients' aggressive behaviors and other ways to protect patients' safety as well as patient's dignity and code of ethics.The implications of this paper This argumentative essay provides an accessible, relevant exploration of public health policy, and its impact on nursing practice, mental health services, and patient health. Moreover, it provides a forum for mental health services to evaluate the current implications of physical restraints. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies and projects on physical restraints usage.展开更多
Strategic ambiguity came to the attention of researchers specializing in organizational issues a few decades ago,attracting both adherents and opponents.An inherent part of the communication process,strategic clarity ...Strategic ambiguity came to the attention of researchers specializing in organizational issues a few decades ago,attracting both adherents and opponents.An inherent part of the communication process,strategic clarity emerged as a result of strategic thinking,against the challenging background of the need for change,imposed by organizational dynamics.As a communication strategy,the roles of discursive ambiguity refer,among others,to its use in strategy documents,in the plan of relations with other institutional entities,etc.some ethical reflections on this form of communication.展开更多
The establishment of a sound science and technology ethics governance system is an inevitable requirement for national modernization.Faced with the development of human gene technology and the chaos in research activi...The establishment of a sound science and technology ethics governance system is an inevitable requirement for national modernization.Faced with the development of human gene technology and the chaos in research activities,the ethical standards and legal positioning of human gene research activities urgently need to be clarified.The human rights ethics view has value inclusiveness and value fundamentality,and includes three levels of connotations:content dimension,relationship dimension,and obligation dimension.It should serve as the ethical standard for human gene research activities.Based on the provisions of China’s Constitution,the human rights ethics view on human gene research,as a constitutional ethics view,can elucidate different levels of rights content,such as human dignity,life and health,and research freedom.It also addresses the weighing of basic rights conflicts and the dual obligation subjects of public and private nature.Relying on the constitutional value embedding of the research ethics view to form ethical consensus,improving ethical review through framework legislation for human rights interests,and implementing ethical responsibility through the human rights-oriented interpretation of ethical legal norms are the three pathways to realizing the human rights ethics view on human gene research.展开更多
Background:The successful application of technological innovation in chemicals ultimately involves many uncertainties.Despite its reliable performance and excellent effectiveness in application fields,China’s paraqua...Background:The successful application of technological innovation in chemicals ultimately involves many uncertainties.Despite its reliable performance and excellent effectiveness in application fields,China’s paraquat was ultimately banned due to its use as a poison by some suicides.Methods:To prevent similar occurrences,this paper adopts a research method combining“ethical analysis and intellectual analysis”to study the two uses of paraquat as a chemical and a poison.Results:(1)Even with a high degree of professional ethical standards,incidents that harm societal interests may still occur.Furthermore,the misuse of a product in areas beyond its intended scope may expose the product to social responsibilities.(2)An individual technological innovation must be coordinated with the overall techno-economic paradigm.(3)In the field of chemical products,as well as in many new product areas,development driven by a“polarized”mindset,despite achieving breakthroughs in certain indicators,may potentially cause systemic harm.Conclusion:It ultimately proposes upgrades in production and lifestyle,requiring simultaneous innovation in“technology+management systems,”emphasizing the importance of product degradation from the initial research and development stage,and calling for the involvement and expertise of healthcare professionals throughout the entire industrial process.展开更多
Background:Jay Haley’s contributions to bioethics introduced a systemic and interventionist perspective on clinical responsibility,autonomy,and ethical governance.His directive therapeutic methods redefined clinical ...Background:Jay Haley’s contributions to bioethics introduced a systemic and interventionist perspective on clinical responsibility,autonomy,and ethical governance.His directive therapeutic methods redefined clinical practice as a domain of ethical action,emphasizing relational accountability and structured decision-making at the core of medical and psychotherapeutic ethics.Haley challenged dominant models of patient autonomy and informed consent by highlighting the clinician’s active role in guiding ethical outcomes within complex relational systems.He positioned therapeutic influence within broader debates on medical authority and ethical boundaries.By integrating medical hypnosis and family systems therapy,Haley’s work bridges clinical practice and bioethical principles,reshaping the ethics principles of psychotherapy.Methods:This medical history study employs a historiographical approach,analyzing over one hundred primary and secondary sources including Haley’s published works,archival audiovisual materials,and contemporaneous policy documents.Systematic source classification,triangulation with independent evaluations,and explicit disclosure of author positionality ensure methodological rigor.Interpretive source analysis and intellectual history frameworks enable a thorough reconstruction of Haley’s bioethical contributions within broader historical and philosophical contexts,with particular attention to the philosophical assumptions underlying his strategic interventions.Results:New findings identifies six interrelated domains in Haley’s ethical approach that emphasize core bioethical principles:autonomy,beneficence,nonmaleficence,justice,and accountability.Haley’s methods demonstrate brief,goal-directed,and ethically accountable interventions aligned with principlism,virtue ethics,and communitarian ethics.Key findings include critiques of psychoanalytic neutrality,the use of metaphor and hypnosis to support informed client engagement without coercion,and integration of systemic factors into ethical decision-making.These insights extend knowledge by showing how Haley’s work advanced ethical standards influencing contemporary clinical governance frameworks such as the AAMFT Code of Ethics.Conclusion:By cataloguing Haley’s corpus and mapping his bioethical emphases across domains,this study extends existing knowledge,positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist in systemic therapy.His work reframes therapy as a relational and ethically governed intervention,offering enduring insights for clinical governance,professional ethics,and therapeutic practice.These findings enrich the historiography of medical ethics by positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist whose work continues to inform therapeutic practice and ethical deliberation.展开更多
Background:The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence(genAI)into medical education offers significant opportunities for personalized learning,efficiency,and access.However,its implementation also rais...Background:The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence(genAI)into medical education offers significant opportunities for personalized learning,efficiency,and access.However,its implementation also raises complex ethical concerns that,if unaddressed,may compromise academic integrity,professional identity,and learner equity.This review aimed to identify the primary ethical risks associated with genAI use in medical education and propose solid measures to mitigate these issues.Methods:A structured narrative review was conducted in accordance with the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles(SANRA).A focused literature search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed,English-language articles published from January 2023 to May 2025.Studies were included if they addressed ethical issues in the use of genAI in undergraduate or postgraduate medical education.Data were extracted into related themes,and findings were synthesized into risk and mitigation categories.Results:A total of 27 records were included.Eight principal categories of ethical risks associated with genAI in medical education emerged:(1)academic integrity erosion,(2)cognitive deskilling,(3)algorithmic bias and opacity,(4)privacy and surveillance concerns,(5)moral and humanistic diminishment,(6)faculty role displacement,(7)commercialization and inequity,and(8)legal-regulatory ambiguity.Each risk was matched with targeted mitigation strategies proposed in the literature,including institutional genAI governance frameworks,genAI literacy training,reinforcement of humanistic pedagogy,establishment of ethical oversight bodies,curricular integration of ethical reflexivity,equity-centered implementation policies,faculty development for genAI integration,and transparent data governance protocols.Conclusion:Generative AI presents both transformative promise and substantial ethical risks in medical education.Proactive,ethically grounded integration-guided by institutional oversight,curriculum reform,and equity safeguards-is essential to realize its benefits while protecting the integrity and humanity of medical training.展开更多
Ethical approval is the first essential step for medical master’s students to officially initiate research.This article discusses the ethical issues encountered in various types of research projects conducted by prof...Ethical approval is the first essential step for medical master’s students to officially initiate research.This article discusses the ethical issues encountered in various types of research projects conducted by professional master’s students,the preparation of ethical application materials,conflicts between the timing of ethical applications and the clinical training rotation schedules,and the continuity of ethical applications among students within the same cohort and across different cohorts.展开更多
This article discusses the manuscript recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which explores the application of deep learning models in decision-making processes via wireless capsule endoscopy.Inte...This article discusses the manuscript recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which explores the application of deep learning models in decision-making processes via wireless capsule endoscopy.Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into gastrointestinal disease diagnosis represents a transformative step toward precision medicine,enhancing real-time accuracy in detecting multi-category lesions at earlier stages,including small bowel lesions and precancerous polyps,ultimately improving patient outcomes.However,the use of AI in clinical settings raises ethical considerations that extend beyond technological potential.Issues of patient privacy,data security,and potential diagnostic biases require careful attention.AI models must prioritize diverse and representative datasets to mitigate inequities and ensure diagnostic accuracy across populations.Furthermore,balancing AI with clinical expertise is crucial,positioning AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for physician judgment.Addressing these ethical challenges will support the responsible deployment of AI,through equitable contribution to patient-centered care.展开更多
Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Allergy Medicine.The appropriate Ethical Statements and Particip...Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Allergy Medicine.The appropriate Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents provided by the Authors,are included below:“Exploring drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case series and comprehensive review”[Allergy Medicine,Volume 3,March 2025,100011]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.allmed.2024.100011 Ethical Statement:This research involves retrospective case analyses using de-identified patient data.There were no prospective interventions,and informed consent has been obtained.展开更多
From the ecocritical perspective,with the reference to ecological ethics,this paper explores the ethical meanings and views of nature embodied in“werewolf”in Angela Carter’s short story“The Company of Wolves”.Thi...From the ecocritical perspective,with the reference to ecological ethics,this paper explores the ethical meanings and views of nature embodied in“werewolf”in Angela Carter’s short story“The Company of Wolves”.This paper analyzes the construction of the werewolf’s ethical identity,the reconstruction of human-animal ethics and finally the ecological integration of nature and culture.Through the analysis of the werewolf and its relationship with humans and nature,this study reveals the complex intertwining of animal and human emotions and ethical identities.This paper aims to reveal how Carter,through fairy tale rewriting and literary experimentation,rethinks the ethical positions of humans,animals,and nature,which presents an ecological ethical imagination that transcends anthropocentrism.展开更多
Reproductive medicine has been transformed by assisted reproductive technologies(ART),providing multiple options for infertile couples to conceive biological offspring.The medical and legal frameworks,governing the pr...Reproductive medicine has been transformed by assisted reproductive technologies(ART),providing multiple options for infertile couples to conceive biological offspring.The medical and legal frameworks,governing the practice of embryologists in ART,focus on the ethical and safe handling of gametes and embryos.Embryologists play a crucial role in the success of ART procedures,requiring technical expertise and a thorough understanding of legal and ethical considerations.The importance of quality control,safety protocols,and sterility in ART laboratories is essential to ensure optimal embryo development and patient well-being.The legal responsibilities of an embryologist under the Assisted Reproductive Technology(Regulation)Act,2021 in India are required.This review emphasizes the importance of record-keeping,patient confidentiality,informed consent,and adherence to legal and ethical standards to minimize the risk of malpractice claims.Overall,this narrative review provides a detailed overview of the medical,legal,and ethical frameworks governing embryologists'practice in ART,underscoring the significance of responsible and ethical conduct in this rapidly advancing field.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Method...Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Methods:A multicenter,cross-sectional study design was employed,involving a convenience sample of 273 nurses among five university hospitals from August to October 2024.Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire,Ethical Leadership Scale,Psychological Safety Scale,Positive Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing Scale,and Internal Whistleblowing Scale.Pearson correlation and structural equation model were conducted to test the hypothesized dual mediation model.Results:The average score of nurses for ethical leadership was 4.14±0.57,psychological safety was 3.80±0.64,reporting attitudes was 4.12±0.67,internal whistleblowing was 3.93±0.52.Ethical leadership had a significant effect on psychological safety(β=0.38,P<0.001),reporting attitudes(β=0.44,P<0.001),and internal whistleblowing(β=0.21,P=0.009).Furthermore,psychological safety(β=0.26,P<0.001)and reporting attitudes(β=0.27,P<0.001)significantly influenced internal whistleblowing among the nurses.The indirect effect of ethics-centered leadership on internal whistleblowing intermediated by psychological safety was significant(β=0.10,P<0.001).Similarly,reporting attitudes demonstrated a significant mediating effect(β=0.12,P=0.003).Conclusions:Ethical leadership encourages internal whistleblowing among nurses by fostering psychological safety and positive reporting attitudes.Therefore,healthcare managers should prioritize ethical leadership development,enhance psychological safety,and foster constructive reporting attitudes that enable nurses to report ethical violations confidently,without apprehension.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
基金funded by China Law Society 2025 Annual Legal Research,Project grant number:CLS(2025)Y04.
文摘Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.
基金funded by the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (2021BZX008)the National Social Science Foundation of China (23BZX110)the National Office for Philosophy and Social Science (20&ZD045).
文摘Background Clinical brain-computer interface(BCI)for mental disorders is an emerging interdisciplinary research field,posing new ethical concerns and challenges,yet lacking practical ethical governance guidelines for stakeholders and the entire community.Aims This study aims to establish a multidisciplinary consensus of principles for ethical governance of clinical BCI research for mental disorders and offer practical ethical guidance to stakeholders involved.Methods A systematic literature review,symposium and roundtable discussions,and a pre-Delphi(round 0)survey were conducted to form the questionnaire for the three-round modified Delphi study.Two rounds of surveys,followed by a third round of independent interviews of 25 experts from BCI-related research domains,were involved.We conducted quantitative analysis of responses and agreements among experts to reveal the consensus and differences regarding the ethical governance of mental BCI research from a multidisciplinary perspective.Results The Delphi panel emphasised important concerns of ethical review practices and ethical principles within the BCI context,identified qualified and highly influential institutions and personnel in conducting and advancing clinical BCI research,and recognised prioritised aspects in the risk-benefit evaluation.Experts expressed diverse opinions on specific ethical concerns,including concerns about invasive technology,its impact on humanity and potential social consequences.Agreement was reached that the practices of ethical governance of clinical BCI for mental disorders should focus on patient voluntariness,autonomy,long-term effects and related assessments of BCI interventions,as well as privacy protection,transparent reporting and ensuring that the research is conducted in qualified institutions with strong data security.Conclusions Ethical governance of clinical research on BCI for mental disorders should include interdisciplinary experts to balance various needs and incorporate the expertise of different stakeholders to avoid serious ethical issues.It requires scientifically grounded approaches,continuous monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure evidence-based policies,comprehensive risk assessments and transparency,thereby promoting responsible innovations and protecting patient rights and well-being.
文摘This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.
文摘Addressing the existing gap in ethical research surrounding distinct technical characteristics of Robotic Process Automation enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI-RPA), this analysis examines the unique ethical dimensions by positioning AI-RPA as a distinct technological subdivision. From an analytical perspective, this study highlights key characteristics such as minimal reliance on programming, rapid development cycles, and restricted algorithmic control, which differentiate AI-RPA from traditional AI systems. These characteristics underscore the need for tailored ethical considerations, to identify ethical perils within AI-RPA’s technological origins. By positioning AI-RPA as a distinct subdivision and examining its unique characteristics alongside their emerging ethical challenges, this paper enriches the evolving discourse on AI ethics, providing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and organizations implementing AI-RPA technologies.
文摘This study applies the basic theories of“Ethical Literary Criticism”proposed by Nie Zhenzhao to Arthur Miller’s play All My Sons,focusing on the ethical predicament Joe Keller faces in his specific ethical identity within the ethical environment of his time.It further points out the process and the consequence of his ethical choices in the conflict between family interests and social responsibilities,so as to reveal the ethical teaching function of the play.Joe’s ethical predicament arises from the contradiction between his family roles and his desire for interests as a businessman.In this conflict,the interaction of the human factor and the animal factor within the“Sphinx factor”causes Joe to make two different ethical choices.Through Joe’s tragic fate,Miller reveals the ethical enlightenment in All My Sons:Individuals,families,and society are inextricably linked,so today’s citizens need to recognize their inherent social nature and fulfill ethical duties in both personal and social aspects.Miller uses the play to criticize the ethical ethos of 20th-century American society and calls on readers to reevaluate the instrumental rationality behind the American Dream.
基金supported by The Mediating Effect of Organizational Commitment on Nurses’Ethical Climate and Ethical Behavior(No.IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.601).
文摘Objective:To study the relationship,the mediating effect of organizational commitment on nurses’ethical climate and ethical behavior.Methods:Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)was employed to perform path analysis in this exploratory study.The participants consisted of 280 Iranian nurses who were studied through proportional random sampling.The research tool was consisted of(1)the Ethical Climate Questionnaire by Cullen and Victor,which examines the ethical standards of selfishness,philanthropy,and ethical principles,as well as the reference sources of ethical arguments,including individual,regional,and global ones;(2)Allen and Mayer’s questionnaire,which measures organizational commitment in 3 areas:emotional commitment,continuous commitment,and normative commitment;and(3)Peterson’s Ethical Behavior Questionnaire,which combines nine items to form interconnected ethical behaviors and is based on a 5-point Likert scale.The data were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS v.23 software.Results:The correlation coefficient between the two variables,ethical climate and ethical behavior,showed a significant relationship(r=0.10,p=0.085).The organizational commitment showed a significant relationship between some dimensions and the total ethical climate.The ethical climate affects the organizational commitment(beta=3.261)and behavior(beta=0.121).Organizational commitment does not show any significant relationship with ethical behavior.The ethical climate affects the organizational commitment and the ethical behavior.Conclusions:Nursing managers and nursing staff should consider the ethical climate that affects the organizational commitment and nursing ethical behavior.
文摘My Life as a Foreign Country is an Iraq War narrative by American veteran Brian Turner,recounting the protagonist Turner’s experiences in the Iraq War alongside the wartime experiences of his forefathers.As a descendant of a military family,the protagonist Turner makes ethical choices based on his ethical identity,elucidating the ethical concepts and dilemmas faced by Iraq War soldiers.This paper interprets the narrative from the perspective of literary ethics,analyzing the ethical choices made by the protagonist Turner to explain the underlying reasons and motivations,thereby revealing the ethical perplexities of American soldiers in modern warfare.
文摘Physical restraint is one of the most controversial methods in managing aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety. This manuscript purposed to convince stockholders and policymakers of the negative impact of physical restraint on patients' psychological and physical health. The current authors review the ethical and legal underpinnings of the opponents' and proponents' views. On one hand, there is a clear violation of the main principles of the code of ethics. Autonomy and justice;as the patients are tied against their will and without obtaining their consent, non-maleficent;as physical restraints are reported in many cases of physical and psychological traumas, thus many agencies prohibited the use of physical restraints as a safety method to be replaced with other deescalating techniques. On the other hand, physical restraints are a precious method in controlling aggressive behaviors and maintaining patients' safety, which is the selective beneficence in providing patient care. Also, most of the same agencies who prohibited the use of restraints, agreed the use of physical restraint as the last resor t.Summary statement What is already known about this topic?· Currently, physical restraint is used as the first accessible method to manage patients' behaviors, without considering the negative aura that surrounds the way of treatment. The usage of physical restraint has gone beyond the purpose of maintaining patient safety and managing aggressive behaviors to be a punishment method.· The Ethical and Legal context of using physical restraints is still vague and needs more clarification.What does this paper add?· This manuscript illustrates the Ethical and Legal points of view of the opponents and proponents of using physical restraints.· The current manuscript clearly justifies the authors' point of view to oppose physical restraints usage and how physical restraints violate the core principles of the code of ethics. In addition, it illustrates the legal agencies that suppor t/oppose the usage of physical restraint and the rationale beyond that position.· This manuscript provides alternatives to manage patients' aggressive behaviors and other ways to protect patients' safety as well as patient's dignity and code of ethics.The implications of this paper This argumentative essay provides an accessible, relevant exploration of public health policy, and its impact on nursing practice, mental health services, and patient health. Moreover, it provides a forum for mental health services to evaluate the current implications of physical restraints. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies and projects on physical restraints usage.
文摘Strategic ambiguity came to the attention of researchers specializing in organizational issues a few decades ago,attracting both adherents and opponents.An inherent part of the communication process,strategic clarity emerged as a result of strategic thinking,against the challenging background of the need for change,imposed by organizational dynamics.As a communication strategy,the roles of discursive ambiguity refer,among others,to its use in strategy documents,in the plan of relations with other institutional entities,etc.some ethical reflections on this form of communication.
基金This paper is an interim result of“Constitutional Boundaries of the Application of Human Gene Editing Technology,”a Youth Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(Project Approval Number 23CFX040)supported by the“National Funded Programs for Postdoctoral Researchers”(GZC20230937).
文摘The establishment of a sound science and technology ethics governance system is an inevitable requirement for national modernization.Faced with the development of human gene technology and the chaos in research activities,the ethical standards and legal positioning of human gene research activities urgently need to be clarified.The human rights ethics view has value inclusiveness and value fundamentality,and includes three levels of connotations:content dimension,relationship dimension,and obligation dimension.It should serve as the ethical standard for human gene research activities.Based on the provisions of China’s Constitution,the human rights ethics view on human gene research,as a constitutional ethics view,can elucidate different levels of rights content,such as human dignity,life and health,and research freedom.It also addresses the weighing of basic rights conflicts and the dual obligation subjects of public and private nature.Relying on the constitutional value embedding of the research ethics view to form ethical consensus,improving ethical review through framework legislation for human rights interests,and implementing ethical responsibility through the human rights-oriented interpretation of ethical legal norms are the three pathways to realizing the human rights ethics view on human gene research.
基金Funding for General Research Projects in Higher Education Institutions:Research on the Patterns of Shifts in the World’s Scientific Centers and Shenzhen’s Construction as a Global Talent and Innovation Center(WDZC20231127152239002).
文摘Background:The successful application of technological innovation in chemicals ultimately involves many uncertainties.Despite its reliable performance and excellent effectiveness in application fields,China’s paraquat was ultimately banned due to its use as a poison by some suicides.Methods:To prevent similar occurrences,this paper adopts a research method combining“ethical analysis and intellectual analysis”to study the two uses of paraquat as a chemical and a poison.Results:(1)Even with a high degree of professional ethical standards,incidents that harm societal interests may still occur.Furthermore,the misuse of a product in areas beyond its intended scope may expose the product to social responsibilities.(2)An individual technological innovation must be coordinated with the overall techno-economic paradigm.(3)In the field of chemical products,as well as in many new product areas,development driven by a“polarized”mindset,despite achieving breakthroughs in certain indicators,may potentially cause systemic harm.Conclusion:It ultimately proposes upgrades in production and lifestyle,requiring simultaneous innovation in“technology+management systems,”emphasizing the importance of product degradation from the initial research and development stage,and calling for the involvement and expertise of healthcare professionals throughout the entire industrial process.
文摘Background:Jay Haley’s contributions to bioethics introduced a systemic and interventionist perspective on clinical responsibility,autonomy,and ethical governance.His directive therapeutic methods redefined clinical practice as a domain of ethical action,emphasizing relational accountability and structured decision-making at the core of medical and psychotherapeutic ethics.Haley challenged dominant models of patient autonomy and informed consent by highlighting the clinician’s active role in guiding ethical outcomes within complex relational systems.He positioned therapeutic influence within broader debates on medical authority and ethical boundaries.By integrating medical hypnosis and family systems therapy,Haley’s work bridges clinical practice and bioethical principles,reshaping the ethics principles of psychotherapy.Methods:This medical history study employs a historiographical approach,analyzing over one hundred primary and secondary sources including Haley’s published works,archival audiovisual materials,and contemporaneous policy documents.Systematic source classification,triangulation with independent evaluations,and explicit disclosure of author positionality ensure methodological rigor.Interpretive source analysis and intellectual history frameworks enable a thorough reconstruction of Haley’s bioethical contributions within broader historical and philosophical contexts,with particular attention to the philosophical assumptions underlying his strategic interventions.Results:New findings identifies six interrelated domains in Haley’s ethical approach that emphasize core bioethical principles:autonomy,beneficence,nonmaleficence,justice,and accountability.Haley’s methods demonstrate brief,goal-directed,and ethically accountable interventions aligned with principlism,virtue ethics,and communitarian ethics.Key findings include critiques of psychoanalytic neutrality,the use of metaphor and hypnosis to support informed client engagement without coercion,and integration of systemic factors into ethical decision-making.These insights extend knowledge by showing how Haley’s work advanced ethical standards influencing contemporary clinical governance frameworks such as the AAMFT Code of Ethics.Conclusion:By cataloguing Haley’s corpus and mapping his bioethical emphases across domains,this study extends existing knowledge,positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist in systemic therapy.His work reframes therapy as a relational and ethically governed intervention,offering enduring insights for clinical governance,professional ethics,and therapeutic practice.These findings enrich the historiography of medical ethics by positioning Haley as a foundational bioethical theorist whose work continues to inform therapeutic practice and ethical deliberation.
文摘Background:The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence(genAI)into medical education offers significant opportunities for personalized learning,efficiency,and access.However,its implementation also raises complex ethical concerns that,if unaddressed,may compromise academic integrity,professional identity,and learner equity.This review aimed to identify the primary ethical risks associated with genAI use in medical education and propose solid measures to mitigate these issues.Methods:A structured narrative review was conducted in accordance with the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles(SANRA).A focused literature search was performed across PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed,English-language articles published from January 2023 to May 2025.Studies were included if they addressed ethical issues in the use of genAI in undergraduate or postgraduate medical education.Data were extracted into related themes,and findings were synthesized into risk and mitigation categories.Results:A total of 27 records were included.Eight principal categories of ethical risks associated with genAI in medical education emerged:(1)academic integrity erosion,(2)cognitive deskilling,(3)algorithmic bias and opacity,(4)privacy and surveillance concerns,(5)moral and humanistic diminishment,(6)faculty role displacement,(7)commercialization and inequity,and(8)legal-regulatory ambiguity.Each risk was matched with targeted mitigation strategies proposed in the literature,including institutional genAI governance frameworks,genAI literacy training,reinforcement of humanistic pedagogy,establishment of ethical oversight bodies,curricular integration of ethical reflexivity,equity-centered implementation policies,faculty development for genAI integration,and transparent data governance protocols.Conclusion:Generative AI presents both transformative promise and substantial ethical risks in medical education.Proactive,ethically grounded integration-guided by institutional oversight,curriculum reform,and equity safeguards-is essential to realize its benefits while protecting the integrity and humanity of medical training.
文摘Ethical approval is the first essential step for medical master’s students to officially initiate research.This article discusses the ethical issues encountered in various types of research projects conducted by professional master’s students,the preparation of ethical application materials,conflicts between the timing of ethical applications and the clinical training rotation schedules,and the continuity of ethical applications among students within the same cohort and across different cohorts.
文摘This article discusses the manuscript recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology,which explores the application of deep learning models in decision-making processes via wireless capsule endoscopy.Integrating artificial intelligence(AI)into gastrointestinal disease diagnosis represents a transformative step toward precision medicine,enhancing real-time accuracy in detecting multi-category lesions at earlier stages,including small bowel lesions and precancerous polyps,ultimately improving patient outcomes.However,the use of AI in clinical settings raises ethical considerations that extend beyond technological potential.Issues of patient privacy,data security,and potential diagnostic biases require careful attention.AI models must prioritize diverse and representative datasets to mitigate inequities and ensure diagnostic accuracy across populations.Furthermore,balancing AI with clinical expertise is crucial,positioning AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for physician judgment.Addressing these ethical challenges will support the responsible deployment of AI,through equitable contribution to patient-centered care.
文摘Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents were not included in the published version of the following articles that appeared in previous issues of Allergy Medicine.The appropriate Ethical Statements and Participant’s Consents provided by the Authors,are included below:“Exploring drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis:A case series and comprehensive review”[Allergy Medicine,Volume 3,March 2025,100011]https://doi.org/10.1016/j.allmed.2024.100011 Ethical Statement:This research involves retrospective case analyses using de-identified patient data.There were no prospective interventions,and informed consent has been obtained.
文摘From the ecocritical perspective,with the reference to ecological ethics,this paper explores the ethical meanings and views of nature embodied in“werewolf”in Angela Carter’s short story“The Company of Wolves”.This paper analyzes the construction of the werewolf’s ethical identity,the reconstruction of human-animal ethics and finally the ecological integration of nature and culture.Through the analysis of the werewolf and its relationship with humans and nature,this study reveals the complex intertwining of animal and human emotions and ethical identities.This paper aims to reveal how Carter,through fairy tale rewriting and literary experimentation,rethinks the ethical positions of humans,animals,and nature,which presents an ecological ethical imagination that transcends anthropocentrism.
文摘Reproductive medicine has been transformed by assisted reproductive technologies(ART),providing multiple options for infertile couples to conceive biological offspring.The medical and legal frameworks,governing the practice of embryologists in ART,focus on the ethical and safe handling of gametes and embryos.Embryologists play a crucial role in the success of ART procedures,requiring technical expertise and a thorough understanding of legal and ethical considerations.The importance of quality control,safety protocols,and sterility in ART laboratories is essential to ensure optimal embryo development and patient well-being.The legal responsibilities of an embryologist under the Assisted Reproductive Technology(Regulation)Act,2021 in India are required.This review emphasizes the importance of record-keeping,patient confidentiality,informed consent,and adherence to legal and ethical standards to minimize the risk of malpractice claims.Overall,this narrative review provides a detailed overview of the medical,legal,and ethical frameworks governing embryologists'practice in ART,underscoring the significance of responsible and ethical conduct in this rapidly advancing field.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to investigate the dual mediating roles of psychological safety and reporting attitudes in the association between ethics-centered leadership and internal whistleblowing among nurses.Methods:A multicenter,cross-sectional study design was employed,involving a convenience sample of 273 nurses among five university hospitals from August to October 2024.Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire,Ethical Leadership Scale,Psychological Safety Scale,Positive Attitudes Toward Whistleblowing Scale,and Internal Whistleblowing Scale.Pearson correlation and structural equation model were conducted to test the hypothesized dual mediation model.Results:The average score of nurses for ethical leadership was 4.14±0.57,psychological safety was 3.80±0.64,reporting attitudes was 4.12±0.67,internal whistleblowing was 3.93±0.52.Ethical leadership had a significant effect on psychological safety(β=0.38,P<0.001),reporting attitudes(β=0.44,P<0.001),and internal whistleblowing(β=0.21,P=0.009).Furthermore,psychological safety(β=0.26,P<0.001)and reporting attitudes(β=0.27,P<0.001)significantly influenced internal whistleblowing among the nurses.The indirect effect of ethics-centered leadership on internal whistleblowing intermediated by psychological safety was significant(β=0.10,P<0.001).Similarly,reporting attitudes demonstrated a significant mediating effect(β=0.12,P=0.003).Conclusions:Ethical leadership encourages internal whistleblowing among nurses by fostering psychological safety and positive reporting attitudes.Therefore,healthcare managers should prioritize ethical leadership development,enhance psychological safety,and foster constructive reporting attitudes that enable nurses to report ethical violations confidently,without apprehension.
