Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates.Chinese agarwood comprises the resin-containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg.,traditionally utilized for treating asthma,cardiac ischem...Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates.Chinese agarwood comprises the resin-containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg.,traditionally utilized for treating asthma,cardiac ischemia,and tumors.However,comprehensive research regarding its anti-GC effects and underlying mechanisms remains limited.In this study,Chinese agarwood petroleum ether extract(CAPEE)demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against human GC cells,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values for AGS,HGC27,and MGC803 cells of 2.89,2.46,and 2.37μg·mL^(−1),respectively,at 48 h.CAPEE significantly induced apoptosis in these GC cells,with B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2)associated X protein(BAX)/BCL-2 antagonist killer 1(BAK)likely mediating CAPEE-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,CAPEE induced G_(0)/G_(1)phase cell cycle arrest in human GC cells via activation of the deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)damage-p21-cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4)signaling axis,and increased Fe^(2+),lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,thereby inducing ferroptosis.Ribonucleic acid(RNA)sequencing,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and Western blotting analyses revealed CAPEE-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in human GC cells.RNA interference studies demonstrated that HO-1 knockdown reduced CAPEE sensitivity and inhibited CAPEE-induced ferroptosis in human GC cells.Additionally,CAPEE administration exhibited robust in vivo anti-GC activity without significant toxicity in nude mice while inhibiting tumor cell growth and promoting apoptosis in tumor tissues.These findings indicate that CAPEE suppresses human GC cell growth through upregulation of the DNA damage-p21-cyclin D1/CDK4 signaling axis and HO-1-mediated ferroptosis,suggesting its potential as a candidate drug for GC treatment.展开更多
Background:Fruits of Indian gooseberry or Amla or Aonla(Phyllanthus emblica)are important ingredients in many Ayurvedic medicines,but little is known about its leaves.Methods:Different extracts and crude alkaloids of ...Background:Fruits of Indian gooseberry or Amla or Aonla(Phyllanthus emblica)are important ingredients in many Ayurvedic medicines,but little is known about its leaves.Methods:Different extracts and crude alkaloids of P.emblica leaves were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against clinically important microbes using agar well diffusion assay.The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract(ME)of P.emblica leaves was also compared with similarly prepared methanolic extracts from leaves of Yellow Kaner(Cascabela peruviana),Parijaat or Harsingar(Nyctanthes arbor-tristis),Custard apple(Annona squamosa),Garlic vine(Mansoa alliacea),Shami plant(Prosopis cineraria),Madar(Calotropis gigantea),and Bael(Aegle marmelos).Results:The ME of leaves of P.emblica was the most potent preparation against bacteria and yeast.Of the 338 strains of microbes belonging to 100 species(96 bacteria and four Candida species),the ME of P.emblica inhibited the growth of 300 strains.A total of 84.62%,96.39%,and 100%of 221 G−bacteria,111 G+bacteria,and 6 Candida species strains,respectively,were inhibited by ME of P.emblica leaves at≤36 mg/well.The aqueous extract of P.emblica leaves also inhibited a similar number of bacterial strains,but at higher concentrations,while the ether extract could inhibit only staphylococci.The alkaloid from P.emblica leaves and the ME from leaves of other plants had insignificant antimicrobial activity at similar≤36 mg/well concentration.Conclusion:The study concluded that the ME of P.emblica leaves may be a useful source of a potent,wide-spectrum antimicrobial substance(s).展开更多
Objective:To explore the phytochemical constituents from petroleum ether and diehloromethane extracts of Moringa oleifera(M.oleufera)roots using GC/GC—MS.Methods:A total of 5.11 kg fresh and undried crashed root of M...Objective:To explore the phytochemical constituents from petroleum ether and diehloromethane extracts of Moringa oleifera(M.oleufera)roots using GC/GC—MS.Methods:A total of 5.11 kg fresh and undried crashed root of M.oleifera were cut into small pieces and extracted with petroleum ether and diehloromethane(20 L.each) at room temperature for 2 d.The concentrated extracts were subjected to their GC—MS analysis.Results:The GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether and diehloromethane extracts of M.oleifern roots,which showed promising biological activities,has resulted in the identification 102 compounds.These constituents belong to 15 classes of compounds including hydrocarbons,fatty acids,esters,alcohols,isolhioeyanate.thiocyanale,pyrazine,aromalics.alkamides.cyanides,steroids,halocompounds.urea and N-hydroxyimine derivatives,unsaturated alkenamides.alkyne and indole.GC/GC-MS studies on petroleum ether extraet of the roots revealed that it contained 39 compounds,belonging to nine classes.Cyclooctasulfur S8 has been isolated as a pure compound from the extract.The major compounds identified from petroleum ether extract were trans-13-clocosene(37.9%).nonacosane(32.6%).cycloartenol(28.6%) nonadecanoic acid(13.9%) and cyclooctasulfur S8(13.9%).Dichloromethane extract of the roots was composed of 63 compounds of which nasimizinol(58.8%) along with oleic acid(46.5%),N—benzyl-N-(7—cyanato heptanamide(38.3%),N—benzyl-N—(1—chlorononyl) amide(30.3%),bis[3—benzyl prop-2-ene]-1-one(19.5%) and N.N-dibeuzyl—2-ene pent 1.5—diamide(11.6%) were the main constituents.Conclusions:This study helps to predict the formula and structure of active molecules which can be used as drugs.This result also enhances the traditional usage of M.oleifera which possesses a number of bioactive compounds.展开更多
The investigation on UV-visible spectra of species formed by extracting some metal picrates with benzo-15-crown-5(B15C5) and dibenzo-18-crown-6(DB18C6) verified that there are some interactions of picrate anion with K...The investigation on UV-visible spectra of species formed by extracting some metal picrates with benzo-15-crown-5(B15C5) and dibenzo-18-crown-6(DB18C6) verified that there are some interactions of picrate anion with K+, Na+ and rare earth ions in loaded organic phase. By the study of the charge transfer band and absorption spectra of picrate anion, it can be determined whether an ion pair has been formed and either a 1 : 1 contact ion pair or a 1 : 2 crown-separated ion pair involved in organic phase can be distinguished for an ion-pair extraction.展开更多
In this work, a reliable and sensitive method for detecting polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） has been developed by the combination of liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PBDEs we...In this work, a reliable and sensitive method for detecting polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） has been developed by the combination of liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PBDEs were extracted from a large volume of water by liquid-liquid extraction and purified by silica gel chromatography. In order to reduce the deviation, dibromobiphenyl was exploited as the internal standard to minimize differences among the injections. The quantification was performed using an external standard. Good linear correlation coefficients （〉0.991） and a wide linearity range （ 1,0- 500.0 ng/L） indicated the steadiness of the proposed method. Moreover, the satisfactory recovery （〉75%） suggested that successful determination of PBDEs in river water had been achieved. Furthermore, the deduction behavior of PBDEs in river water could be inferred according to the results.展开更多
Two extraction constants (Kex± and Kex) for extraction of silver picrate (Ag﹢Pic﹣) by benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) and benzo-18-crown-6 one (B18C6) into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) were...Two extraction constants (Kex± and Kex) for extraction of silver picrate (Ag﹢Pic﹣) by benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) and benzo-18-crown-6 one (B18C6) into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) were determined at 298 K and given values of ionic strength. Here, Kex± and Kex were expressed as [AgL﹢]o[Pic﹣]o/[Ag﹢][L]o[Pic﹣] and [AgLPic]o/[Ag﹢][L]o[Pic﹣], respectively: L symbolizes B15C5 or B18C6 and the subscript “o” denotes the organic phase composed of DCE or DCM. Individual distribution constants (KD,Pic) of picrate ion, Pic﹣, into the two diluents were also determined with the determination of Kex. From comparison of these KD,Pic values with those standardized, interfacial potential differences () at extraction equilibria were evaluated. Then, using these values, relations of the experimentally-determined logKex± or logKex values with their electrochemically-standardized ones were precisely discussed. Consequently, it was indicated that logKex± should be expressed as a function of .展开更多
Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and diethyl ether extraction. A total o...Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and diethyl ether extraction. A total of 40 （hydrodistillation）, 32 （HS-SPME） and 37 （diethyl ether extraction） compounds were respectively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and 22 compounds were overlapped, including β-farnesene, 7-muurolene, 2,6-dimethyl-6- （4-methyl-3-pentenyl）bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, eucalyptol and cadina-1（10）, 4-diene and so forth, varying in relative contents. HS-SPME is fast, sample saving and solvent-free and it also can achieve similar profiles as those from hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Therefore, it can be the priority for extracting volatile components from medicinal plants.展开更多
Eu3+ is extracted at pH 6 with 5. 0×10-2 mol/L benzo-15-crown-5 in dichloromethane from 5. 0×10-2 mol/L aqueous solution of lithium picrate. The enriched extractability has been investigated. In a concentrat...Eu3+ is extracted at pH 6 with 5. 0×10-2 mol/L benzo-15-crown-5 in dichloromethane from 5. 0×10-2 mol/L aqueous solution of lithium picrate. The enriched extractability has been investigated. In a concentration range from 2. 4 ×10-4 to 1. 8 ×10-3 mol/L solution of europium nitrates, the enrichment coefficients are calculated with the phasc ratio (organic/aqueous) of 1: 5 or 4: 25. The ability of 0. 5 mol/L HNO3 as a back-extractant is discussed with the volume ratio [organic/(0. 5 mol/L HNO3)] of 1 : 3. Crown ether and picric acid exist in the back-extractivephase. Eu3+ is effectively separated from the organic phase by the electrochemical method. The separation efficiency is more than 84%. The optimum electrolysis time or cell voltage is obtained from the relation between the electrolysis current and the time or the voltage.展开更多
Anopheles gambiae is a vector that is responsible for the transmission of malaria parasites which causes high morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and the world at large.Human-vector contact can be reduced by the use of...Anopheles gambiae is a vector that is responsible for the transmission of malaria parasites which causes high morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and the world at large.Human-vector contact can be reduced by the use of conventional repellents being sold in the market,though some of these repellent are not environmentally friendly and An.gambiae have developed resistance to some of these repellents.To this end,the phytochemical constituents and insecticidal activity of crude extracts of Hyptis suaveolens(bush mint)was determined on adult An.gambiae mosquitoes collected from Lafia,Nasarawa State,Nigeria to evaluate its effect in controlling them.Here,70%ethanolic and diethyl ether fat crude extracts were made from H.suaveolens dried leaves and used to carry out the experiment.The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoid,saponins,tannins,steroids and reducing sugar.Glycoside was not detected in the ethanol extract.Only steroids was detected in diethyl ether extract the rest of the phytochemical tested were absent.An.gambiae larvae were collected from the field and were raised to F1 progeny adults that were used for the study.WHO protocol for carrying out human bait repellency cage test was used.Human hand treated with the extracts was exposed to a cage containing 30 female mosquitoes for each of the extracts respectively.The ethanolic crude extract treatment proved to be more effective in repelling mosquitoes with 0%(0/30)mosquito landing than diethyl ether extract which had 40%(12/30)mosquitoes landing and the control hand(untreated left hand)had the highest landing rate 63.3%(19/30)which showed very high significant difference(χ^(2)=27.2619,df=2,P<0.00001)in relation to the treatments.After 24 hours holding period,the mortality rate of exposed mosquitoes was observed to be highest in the ethanolic treatment 73.3%(22/30).In conclusion,H.suaveolens extracts have repellency potential in controlling adult An.gambiae.展开更多
The extraction behavior of uranium(VI) from thiocyanate medium with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC) in nitrobenzene and the effects of alkali canons on the extraction were investigated. The results showed that the uranium (V...The extraction behavior of uranium(VI) from thiocyanate medium with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC) in nitrobenzene and the effects of alkali canons on the extraction were investigated. The results showed that the uranium (VI) can be effectively extracted in the presence of potassium canon, uranium (VI) is extracted as complex anionic species UO2(SCN)2, and the stoichiometry of the extracted complex is KUO2(SCN)32DBC(o)’展开更多
Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibil...Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid(FA)biohydrogenation is scant.This trial aims to investigate the effects(i)of drying temperature of fullfat Hermetia illucens(HI)and Tenebrio molitor(TM)meals,and(ii)of residual ether extract(EE)content of defatted HI and TM meals,on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.Methods The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 70℃,while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter(DM).The applied statistical models(GLM ANOVA)tested the effects of insect species,drying temperature(full-fat meals)or EE content(defatted meals),and their interaction.Results Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta.Irrespective of insect species,increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals,as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production(-0.009 mmol/g DM and-0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1℃).Irrespective of insect species,defatting increased total gas,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and CH_(4) productions,and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta(+0.038 mmol/g DM,+0.063 mmol/g DM,+12.9μmol/g DM,+0.18 g/100 g FA,and+0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM,respectively),and reduced the proportion of total PUFA(-0.12 g/100 g FA).Conclusions The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation.Fat lowered fermentation activity,probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota.The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.展开更多
By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had...By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had inhibitory effect against P. capsici, while 12.5 mg/mL of extracts from H. tuberosus leaves with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvents had the highest inhibitory effect against P. capsici, reaching 100%. In case of various solvent extracts with different concentration gradients, ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibitory effect; when the concentration was 5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract had reached 100% ; when the concentration reduced to 2.5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect was still （27.91 ±2. 076） %, significantly higher than that of other solvent extracts at the same concentration. The 50 times dilution of ethyl acetate extract from H. tuberosus leaves was selected for pot test against pepper blight. , and the results showed that its control effect against pepper blight reached 100.00%, superior than that of chemical agent 25% metalaxyl WP 400 times dilution.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City(No.J230034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023-JYB-JBQN-051)the Talent Cultivation Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.JZPY202206).
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates.Chinese agarwood comprises the resin-containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg.,traditionally utilized for treating asthma,cardiac ischemia,and tumors.However,comprehensive research regarding its anti-GC effects and underlying mechanisms remains limited.In this study,Chinese agarwood petroleum ether extract(CAPEE)demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against human GC cells,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values for AGS,HGC27,and MGC803 cells of 2.89,2.46,and 2.37μg·mL^(−1),respectively,at 48 h.CAPEE significantly induced apoptosis in these GC cells,with B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2)associated X protein(BAX)/BCL-2 antagonist killer 1(BAK)likely mediating CAPEE-induced apoptosis.Furthermore,CAPEE induced G_(0)/G_(1)phase cell cycle arrest in human GC cells via activation of the deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)damage-p21-cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4)signaling axis,and increased Fe^(2+),lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,thereby inducing ferroptosis.Ribonucleic acid(RNA)sequencing,real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and Western blotting analyses revealed CAPEE-mediated upregulation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in human GC cells.RNA interference studies demonstrated that HO-1 knockdown reduced CAPEE sensitivity and inhibited CAPEE-induced ferroptosis in human GC cells.Additionally,CAPEE administration exhibited robust in vivo anti-GC activity without significant toxicity in nude mice while inhibiting tumor cell growth and promoting apoptosis in tumor tissues.These findings indicate that CAPEE suppresses human GC cell growth through upregulation of the DNA damage-p21-cyclin D1/CDK4 signaling axis and HO-1-mediated ferroptosis,suggesting its potential as a candidate drug for GC treatment.
基金supported by grants from CAAST-ACLH(NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)of the ICAR-World Bank-funded National Agricultural Higher Education Project(NAHEP).
文摘Background:Fruits of Indian gooseberry or Amla or Aonla(Phyllanthus emblica)are important ingredients in many Ayurvedic medicines,but little is known about its leaves.Methods:Different extracts and crude alkaloids of P.emblica leaves were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against clinically important microbes using agar well diffusion assay.The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract(ME)of P.emblica leaves was also compared with similarly prepared methanolic extracts from leaves of Yellow Kaner(Cascabela peruviana),Parijaat or Harsingar(Nyctanthes arbor-tristis),Custard apple(Annona squamosa),Garlic vine(Mansoa alliacea),Shami plant(Prosopis cineraria),Madar(Calotropis gigantea),and Bael(Aegle marmelos).Results:The ME of leaves of P.emblica was the most potent preparation against bacteria and yeast.Of the 338 strains of microbes belonging to 100 species(96 bacteria and four Candida species),the ME of P.emblica inhibited the growth of 300 strains.A total of 84.62%,96.39%,and 100%of 221 G−bacteria,111 G+bacteria,and 6 Candida species strains,respectively,were inhibited by ME of P.emblica leaves at≤36 mg/well.The aqueous extract of P.emblica leaves also inhibited a similar number of bacterial strains,but at higher concentrations,while the ether extract could inhibit only staphylococci.The alkaloid from P.emblica leaves and the ME from leaves of other plants had insignificant antimicrobial activity at similar≤36 mg/well concentration.Conclusion:The study concluded that the ME of P.emblica leaves may be a useful source of a potent,wide-spectrum antimicrobial substance(s).
文摘Objective:To explore the phytochemical constituents from petroleum ether and diehloromethane extracts of Moringa oleifera(M.oleufera)roots using GC/GC—MS.Methods:A total of 5.11 kg fresh and undried crashed root of M.oleifera were cut into small pieces and extracted with petroleum ether and diehloromethane(20 L.each) at room temperature for 2 d.The concentrated extracts were subjected to their GC—MS analysis.Results:The GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether and diehloromethane extracts of M.oleifern roots,which showed promising biological activities,has resulted in the identification 102 compounds.These constituents belong to 15 classes of compounds including hydrocarbons,fatty acids,esters,alcohols,isolhioeyanate.thiocyanale,pyrazine,aromalics.alkamides.cyanides,steroids,halocompounds.urea and N-hydroxyimine derivatives,unsaturated alkenamides.alkyne and indole.GC/GC-MS studies on petroleum ether extraet of the roots revealed that it contained 39 compounds,belonging to nine classes.Cyclooctasulfur S8 has been isolated as a pure compound from the extract.The major compounds identified from petroleum ether extract were trans-13-clocosene(37.9%).nonacosane(32.6%).cycloartenol(28.6%) nonadecanoic acid(13.9%) and cyclooctasulfur S8(13.9%).Dichloromethane extract of the roots was composed of 63 compounds of which nasimizinol(58.8%) along with oleic acid(46.5%),N—benzyl-N-(7—cyanato heptanamide(38.3%),N—benzyl-N—(1—chlorononyl) amide(30.3%),bis[3—benzyl prop-2-ene]-1-one(19.5%) and N.N-dibeuzyl—2-ene pent 1.5—diamide(11.6%) were the main constituents.Conclusions:This study helps to predict the formula and structure of active molecules which can be used as drugs.This result also enhances the traditional usage of M.oleifera which possesses a number of bioactive compounds.
文摘The investigation on UV-visible spectra of species formed by extracting some metal picrates with benzo-15-crown-5(B15C5) and dibenzo-18-crown-6(DB18C6) verified that there are some interactions of picrate anion with K+, Na+ and rare earth ions in loaded organic phase. By the study of the charge transfer band and absorption spectra of picrate anion, it can be determined whether an ion pair has been formed and either a 1 : 1 contact ion pair or a 1 : 2 crown-separated ion pair involved in organic phase can be distinguished for an ion-pair extraction.
基金supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20110002110052)China Equipment and Education Resources System (No.CERS-1-75)
文摘In this work, a reliable and sensitive method for detecting polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） has been developed by the combination of liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PBDEs were extracted from a large volume of water by liquid-liquid extraction and purified by silica gel chromatography. In order to reduce the deviation, dibromobiphenyl was exploited as the internal standard to minimize differences among the injections. The quantification was performed using an external standard. Good linear correlation coefficients （〉0.991） and a wide linearity range （ 1,0- 500.0 ng/L） indicated the steadiness of the proposed method. Moreover, the satisfactory recovery （〉75%） suggested that successful determination of PBDEs in river water had been achieved. Furthermore, the deduction behavior of PBDEs in river water could be inferred according to the results.
文摘Two extraction constants (Kex± and Kex) for extraction of silver picrate (Ag﹢Pic﹣) by benzo-15-crown-5 ether (B15C5) and benzo-18-crown-6 one (B18C6) into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and dichloromethane (DCM) were determined at 298 K and given values of ionic strength. Here, Kex± and Kex were expressed as [AgL﹢]o[Pic﹣]o/[Ag﹢][L]o[Pic﹣] and [AgLPic]o/[Ag﹢][L]o[Pic﹣], respectively: L symbolizes B15C5 or B18C6 and the subscript “o” denotes the organic phase composed of DCE or DCM. Individual distribution constants (KD,Pic) of picrate ion, Pic﹣, into the two diluents were also determined with the determination of Kex. From comparison of these KD,Pic values with those standardized, interfacial potential differences () at extraction equilibria were evaluated. Then, using these values, relations of the experimentally-determined logKex± or logKex values with their electrochemically-standardized ones were precisely discussed. Consequently, it was indicated that logKex± should be expressed as a function of .
基金supported by the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Program from Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province (No:2010B090400533)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Program of China (No:2009DFA31230)
文摘Volatile components from Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum were respectively extracted by three methods including hydrodistillation, headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and diethyl ether extraction. A total of 40 （hydrodistillation）, 32 （HS-SPME） and 37 （diethyl ether extraction） compounds were respectively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and 22 compounds were overlapped, including β-farnesene, 7-muurolene, 2,6-dimethyl-6- （4-methyl-3-pentenyl）bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, eucalyptol and cadina-1（10）, 4-diene and so forth, varying in relative contents. HS-SPME is fast, sample saving and solvent-free and it also can achieve similar profiles as those from hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Therefore, it can be the priority for extracting volatile components from medicinal plants.
文摘Eu3+ is extracted at pH 6 with 5. 0×10-2 mol/L benzo-15-crown-5 in dichloromethane from 5. 0×10-2 mol/L aqueous solution of lithium picrate. The enriched extractability has been investigated. In a concentration range from 2. 4 ×10-4 to 1. 8 ×10-3 mol/L solution of europium nitrates, the enrichment coefficients are calculated with the phasc ratio (organic/aqueous) of 1: 5 or 4: 25. The ability of 0. 5 mol/L HNO3 as a back-extractant is discussed with the volume ratio [organic/(0. 5 mol/L HNO3)] of 1 : 3. Crown ether and picric acid exist in the back-extractivephase. Eu3+ is effectively separated from the organic phase by the electrochemical method. The separation efficiency is more than 84%. The optimum electrolysis time or cell voltage is obtained from the relation between the electrolysis current and the time or the voltage.
文摘Anopheles gambiae is a vector that is responsible for the transmission of malaria parasites which causes high morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and the world at large.Human-vector contact can be reduced by the use of conventional repellents being sold in the market,though some of these repellent are not environmentally friendly and An.gambiae have developed resistance to some of these repellents.To this end,the phytochemical constituents and insecticidal activity of crude extracts of Hyptis suaveolens(bush mint)was determined on adult An.gambiae mosquitoes collected from Lafia,Nasarawa State,Nigeria to evaluate its effect in controlling them.Here,70%ethanolic and diethyl ether fat crude extracts were made from H.suaveolens dried leaves and used to carry out the experiment.The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoid,saponins,tannins,steroids and reducing sugar.Glycoside was not detected in the ethanol extract.Only steroids was detected in diethyl ether extract the rest of the phytochemical tested were absent.An.gambiae larvae were collected from the field and were raised to F1 progeny adults that were used for the study.WHO protocol for carrying out human bait repellency cage test was used.Human hand treated with the extracts was exposed to a cage containing 30 female mosquitoes for each of the extracts respectively.The ethanolic crude extract treatment proved to be more effective in repelling mosquitoes with 0%(0/30)mosquito landing than diethyl ether extract which had 40%(12/30)mosquitoes landing and the control hand(untreated left hand)had the highest landing rate 63.3%(19/30)which showed very high significant difference(χ^(2)=27.2619,df=2,P<0.00001)in relation to the treatments.After 24 hours holding period,the mortality rate of exposed mosquitoes was observed to be highest in the ethanolic treatment 73.3%(22/30).In conclusion,H.suaveolens extracts have repellency potential in controlling adult An.gambiae.
基金Nuclear Industrial Science Foundation of China (J 95 GY 403)
文摘The extraction behavior of uranium(VI) from thiocyanate medium with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DBC) in nitrobenzene and the effects of alkali canons on the extraction were investigated. The results showed that the uranium (VI) can be effectively extracted in the presence of potassium canon, uranium (VI) is extracted as complex anionic species UO2(SCN)2, and the stoichiometry of the extracted complex is KUO2(SCN)32DBC(o)’
基金partially granted by the Hi-Ga project,which is part of the programme of the Green ERA-Hub that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No.101056828self-financed by the DINAMIC team of the UMR Herbivores(INRAE,VetAgro Sup,Saint-Genès-Champanelle,France)。
文摘Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid(FA)biohydrogenation is scant.This trial aims to investigate the effects(i)of drying temperature of fullfat Hermetia illucens(HI)and Tenebrio molitor(TM)meals,and(ii)of residual ether extract(EE)content of defatted HI and TM meals,on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.Methods The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 70℃,while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter(DM).The applied statistical models(GLM ANOVA)tested the effects of insect species,drying temperature(full-fat meals)or EE content(defatted meals),and their interaction.Results Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta.Irrespective of insect species,increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals,as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production(-0.009 mmol/g DM and-0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1℃).Irrespective of insect species,defatting increased total gas,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and CH_(4) productions,and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta(+0.038 mmol/g DM,+0.063 mmol/g DM,+12.9μmol/g DM,+0.18 g/100 g FA,and+0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM,respectively),and reduced the proportion of total PUFA(-0.12 g/100 g FA).Conclusions The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation.Fat lowered fermentation activity,probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota.The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department(2014-ZJ-735)
文摘By growth rate method, the inhibitory effects of five solvent extracts from Helianthus tuberosus leaves against Phytophthora capsici were studied in the test. The results showed that different solvent extracts all had inhibitory effect against P. capsici, while 12.5 mg/mL of extracts from H. tuberosus leaves with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as solvents had the highest inhibitory effect against P. capsici, reaching 100%. In case of various solvent extracts with different concentration gradients, ethyl acetate extract had the most significant inhibitory effect; when the concentration was 5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract had reached 100% ; when the concentration reduced to 2.5 mg/mL, the inhibitory effect was still （27.91 ±2. 076） %, significantly higher than that of other solvent extracts at the same concentration. The 50 times dilution of ethyl acetate extract from H. tuberosus leaves was selected for pot test against pepper blight. , and the results showed that its control effect against pepper blight reached 100.00%, superior than that of chemical agent 25% metalaxyl WP 400 times dilution.
