This study investigated the viability of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Bioethanol. The properties of the...This study investigated the viability of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Bioethanol. The properties of the derived bio-ethanol </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determined to examine its suitability as a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based ethanol </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The research revealed that Plantain biomass is made up of Lignocellulosic contents such as extractive, Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and moisture in different proportions. The different parts of the biomass such as the flower, stem and leaves were hydrolyzed using H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Optimum hydrolysis conditions of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6%w/v acid</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentration, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 min contact</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> time and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">80</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C working temperature</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were established for Plantain stem and flower. However, hydrolysis of Plantain leaves was at the best under the experimental conditions of acid concentration (10% w/v), contact time (120 min) and temperature (120</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C). The highest yield of the bio-ethanol produced was obtained from Plantain stem biomass with a record of 8.04% followed by Plantain flower with a yield of 7.73% and 757% from Plantain leaves The hydrolyzate was fermented using Baker’s yeast (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) at a room temperature of 25</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C and pH of 4.5 for 4 D. The structural determination of the derived bioethanol was conducted using FT-IR analysis and the fuel properties were found to be consistent with those of the conventional ethanol. The SEM analysis conducted on the post hydrolysed biomass confirmed the effectiveness of the hydrolysis scheme adopted as evident on the surface morphology of the biomass. This study confirmed the viability of Plantain biomass as promising feedstock for Bio-ethanol production under the established hydrolysis conditions.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study was aimed to establish whether the skin preparation using ethanol-containing skin antiseptics causes ethan...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study was aimed to establish whether the skin preparation using ethanol-containing skin antiseptics causes ethanol contamination through blood collection. Venous blood was collected from 40 healthy volunteers according to the national guidelines for blood sampling, with four sequential procedures as follows: 1) collecting blood immediately (within 5 seconds) after cleaning the skin with an individually packaged type of ethanol-containing wipe, 2) collecting blood 1 minute after cleaning the skin with an individually packaged type of ethanol-containing wipe, 3) collecting immediately (within 5 seconds) after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method (thoroughly ethanol-impregnated wipe, and 4) collecting 1 minute after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method. Each sequential procedure was p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erformed with and without the ethanol-containing wipe used for sk</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in cleaning on the puncture site on their right and left arms at the time the needle was withdrawn, respectively. The collected specimens were subjected to the determination of ethanol by using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In every 80 blood specimens obtained from 40 participants, ethanol was undetectable (<0.001 mg/mL). This study demonstrates that disinfection using ethanol-containing skin antiseptics is unlikely to cause ethanol contamination through blood collection regardless of skin preparation technique according to the guidelines for blood sampling. This may have implications in forensic science.展开更多
The sorption and phase distribution of 20% ethanol and butanol blended gasoline （E20 and B20） vapours have been examined in soils with varying soil organic matter （SOM） and water contents via laboratory microcosm ...The sorption and phase distribution of 20% ethanol and butanol blended gasoline （E20 and B20） vapours have been examined in soils with varying soil organic matter （SOM） and water contents via laboratory microcosm experiments. The presence of 20% alcohol reduced the sorption of gasoline compounds by soil as well as the mass distribution of the compounds to soil solids. This effect was greater for ethanol than butanol. Compared with the sorption coefficient （Kd） of unblended gasoline compounds, the Kd of E20 gasoline compounds decreased by 54% for pentane, 54% for methylcyclopentane （MCP） and 63% for benzene, while the Kd of B20 gasoline compounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 38% for MCP and 49% for benzene, The retardation factor （R） of E20 gasoline compounds decreased by 53% for pentane, 53% for MCP and 48% for benzene, while the R of B20 gasoline compounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 37% for MCP and 38% for benzene. For all SOM and water contents tested, the Kd and R of all gasoline compounds were in the order of unblended gasoline 〉 B20 〉 E20, indicating that the use of high ethanol volume in gasoline to combat climate change could put the groundwater at greater risk of contamination,展开更多
文摘This study investigated the viability of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">post-harvested plantain biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Bioethanol. The properties of the derived bio-ethanol </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> determined to examine its suitability as a promising and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based ethanol </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The research revealed that Plantain biomass is made up of Lignocellulosic contents such as extractive, Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and moisture in different proportions. The different parts of the biomass such as the flower, stem and leaves were hydrolyzed using H</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Optimum hydrolysis conditions of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6%w/v acid</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> concentration, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30 min contact</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> time and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">80</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C working temperature</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were established for Plantain stem and flower. However, hydrolysis of Plantain leaves was at the best under the experimental conditions of acid concentration (10% w/v), contact time (120 min) and temperature (120</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C). The highest yield of the bio-ethanol produced was obtained from Plantain stem biomass with a record of 8.04% followed by Plantain flower with a yield of 7.73% and 757% from Plantain leaves The hydrolyzate was fermented using Baker’s yeast (</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Saccharomyces cerevisiae</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) at a room temperature of 25</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C and pH of 4.5 for 4 D. The structural determination of the derived bioethanol was conducted using FT-IR analysis and the fuel properties were found to be consistent with those of the conventional ethanol. The SEM analysis conducted on the post hydrolysed biomass confirmed the effectiveness of the hydrolysis scheme adopted as evident on the surface morphology of the biomass. This study confirmed the viability of Plantain biomass as promising feedstock for Bio-ethanol production under the established hydrolysis conditions.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This study was aimed to establish whether the skin preparation using ethanol-containing skin antiseptics causes ethanol contamination through blood collection. Venous blood was collected from 40 healthy volunteers according to the national guidelines for blood sampling, with four sequential procedures as follows: 1) collecting blood immediately (within 5 seconds) after cleaning the skin with an individually packaged type of ethanol-containing wipe, 2) collecting blood 1 minute after cleaning the skin with an individually packaged type of ethanol-containing wipe, 3) collecting immediately (within 5 seconds) after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method (thoroughly ethanol-impregnated wipe, and 4) collecting 1 minute after cleaning the skin with a traditional cleaning method. Each sequential procedure was p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">erformed with and without the ethanol-containing wipe used for sk</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in cleaning on the puncture site on their right and left arms at the time the needle was withdrawn, respectively. The collected specimens were subjected to the determination of ethanol by using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In every 80 blood specimens obtained from 40 participants, ethanol was undetectable (<0.001 mg/mL). This study demonstrates that disinfection using ethanol-containing skin antiseptics is unlikely to cause ethanol contamination through blood collection regardless of skin preparation technique according to the guidelines for blood sampling. This may have implications in forensic science.
文摘The sorption and phase distribution of 20% ethanol and butanol blended gasoline （E20 and B20） vapours have been examined in soils with varying soil organic matter （SOM） and water contents via laboratory microcosm experiments. The presence of 20% alcohol reduced the sorption of gasoline compounds by soil as well as the mass distribution of the compounds to soil solids. This effect was greater for ethanol than butanol. Compared with the sorption coefficient （Kd） of unblended gasoline compounds, the Kd of E20 gasoline compounds decreased by 54% for pentane, 54% for methylcyclopentane （MCP） and 63% for benzene, while the Kd of B20 gasoline compounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 38% for MCP and 49% for benzene, The retardation factor （R） of E20 gasoline compounds decreased by 53% for pentane, 53% for MCP and 48% for benzene, while the R of B20 gasoline compounds decreased by 39% for pentane, 37% for MCP and 38% for benzene. For all SOM and water contents tested, the Kd and R of all gasoline compounds were in the order of unblended gasoline 〉 B20 〉 E20, indicating that the use of high ethanol volume in gasoline to combat climate change could put the groundwater at greater risk of contamination,
