Combining TT* argument and bilinear interpolation,this paper obtains the Strichartz and smoothing estimates of dispersive semigroup e^(-itP(D)) in weighted L^(2) spaces.Among other things,we recover the results in[1]....Combining TT* argument and bilinear interpolation,this paper obtains the Strichartz and smoothing estimates of dispersive semigroup e^(-itP(D)) in weighted L^(2) spaces.Among other things,we recover the results in[1].Moreover,the application of these results to the well-posedness of some equations are shown in the last section.展开更多
We consider the space and time decays of certain problems within the second gradient thermal law.Notably,for this thermal theory,the exponential time decay is precluded.First,the time estimates of polynomial type are ...We consider the space and time decays of certain problems within the second gradient thermal law.Notably,for this thermal theory,the exponential time decay is precluded.First,the time estimates of polynomial type are obtained for both the thermal equation and the one-dimensional thermoelastic system,where the impossibility of localization with respect to time is also established.Then,the space estimates are deduced for the multidimensional thermoelastic problem,which allow to show the exponential decay of the energy.展开更多
Earthquakes can cause significant damage and loss of life,necessitating immediate assessment of the resulting fatalities.Rapid assessment and timely revision of fatality estimates are crucial for effective emergency d...Earthquakes can cause significant damage and loss of life,necessitating immediate assessment of the resulting fatalities.Rapid assessment and timely revision of fatality estimates are crucial for effective emergency decisionmaking.This study using the February 6,2023,M_(S)8.0 and M_(S)7.9 Kahramanmaras,Türkiye earthquakes as an example to estimate the ultimate number of fatalities.An early Quick Rough Estimate(QRE)based on the number of deaths reported by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Türkiye(AFAD)is conducted,and it dynamically adjusts these estimates as new data becomes available.The range of estimates of the final number of deaths can be calculated as 31384–56475 based on the"the QRE of the second day multiplied by 2–3" rule,which incorporates the reported final deaths 50500.The Quasi-Linear and Adaptive Estimation(QLAE)method adaptively adjusts the final fatality estimate within two days and predicts subsequent reported deaths.The correct order of magnitude of the final death toll can be estimated as early as 13 hr after the M_(S)8.0 earthquake.In addition,additional earthquakes such as May 12,2008,M_(S)8.1 Wenchuan earthquake(China),September 8,2023,M_(S)7.2 Al Haouz earthquake(Morocco),November 3,2023,M_(S)5.8 Mid-Western Nepal earthquake,December 18,2023,M_(S)6.1 Jishishan earthquake(China),January 1,2024,M_(S)7.2 Noto Peninsula earthquake(Japan)and August 8,2023,Maui,Hawaii,fires are added again to verified the correctness of the model.The fatalities from the Maui fires are found to be approximately equivalent to those resulting from an M_(S)7.4 earthquake.These methods complement existing frameworks such as Quake Loss Assessment for Response and Mitigation(QLARM)and Prompt Assessment of Global.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),a severe pancreatic inflammatory condition,with a mor-tality rate reaching up to 40%.Recently,AP shows a steadily elevating prevalence,which causes the greater number of hospital admi...BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),a severe pancreatic inflammatory condition,with a mor-tality rate reaching up to 40%.Recently,AP shows a steadily elevating prevalence,which causes the greater number of hospital admissions,imposing the substantial economic burden.Acute kidney injury(AKI)complicates take up approximately 15%of AP cases,with an associated mortality rate of 74.7%-81%.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of estimated plasma volume status(ePVS)in forecasting AKI in patients with AP.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,AP cases were recruited from the First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University between January 2019 and October 2023.Electronic medical records were adopted for data extrac-tion,including demographic data and clinical characteristics.The association between ePVS and AKI was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models,with potential confounders being adjusted.Nonlinear relationship was examined with smooth curve fitting,and infection points were calculated.Further analyses were performed on stratified subgroups and interaction tests were conducted.RESULTS Among the 1508 AP patients,251(16.6%)developed AKI.ePVS was calculated using Duarte(D-ePVS)and Kaplan-Hakim(KH-ePVS)formulas.After adjusting for covariates,the AKI risk exhibited 46%[odds ratio(OR)=1.46,95%confidence interval(CI):0.96-2.24]and 11%(OR=1.11,95%CI:0.72-1.72)increases in the low tertile(T1)of D-ePVS and KH-ePVS,respectively,and 101%(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.31-3.05)and 51%(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.00-2.29)increases in the high tertile(T3)relative to the reference tertile(T2).Nonlinear curve fitting revealed a U-shaped association of D-ePVS with AKI and a J-shaped association for KH-ePVS,with inflection points at 4.3 dL/g and-2.8%,res-pectively.Significant interactions were not observed in age,gender,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,sequential organ failure assessment score,or AP severity(all P for interaction>0.05).CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ePVS demonstrated the nonlinear association with AKI incidence in AP patients.A U-shaped curve was observed with an inflection point at 4.3 dL/g for the Duarte formula,and a J-shaped curve at-2.8%for the Kaplan-Hakim formula.展开更多
In this paper, we derive the a priori estimates for a class of more general (k, l)-Hessian quotient type equations involving u and Du on the right hand function. As an application we prove the Liouville theorem depend...In this paper, we derive the a priori estimates for a class of more general (k, l)-Hessian quotient type equations involving u and Du on the right hand function. As an application we prove the Liouville theorem depending on Pogorelov type estimates. On the other hand, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the k-admissible solution for these general equations with the Neumann boundary condition, based on some growth conditions for the right hand function.展开更多
This paper is devoted to the Polynomial Preserving Recovery (PPR) based a posteriori error analysis for the second-order elliptic non-symmetric eigenvalue problem. An asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimator ...This paper is devoted to the Polynomial Preserving Recovery (PPR) based a posteriori error analysis for the second-order elliptic non-symmetric eigenvalue problem. An asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimator is proposed for solving the convection-dominated non-symmetric eigenvalue problem with non-smooth eigenfunctions or multiple eigenvalues. Numerical examples confirm our theoretical analysis.展开更多
In this article,we are concerned with the C^(2)estimates for the k-convex solutions of a class of degenerate k-Hessian equations on closed Hermitian manifolds,whose function in the right-hand side is relevant to the u...In this article,we are concerned with the C^(2)estimates for the k-convex solutions of a class of degenerate k-Hessian equations on closed Hermitian manifolds,whose function in the right-hand side is relevant to the unknown function and its gradient.We will get C^(0)estimate by promoting others′results,and get the“HMW estimate”of this equation such that the conditions of using blow-up analysis are satisfied,and the gradient estimate and second-order estimate will be obtained.Such an estimate will be helpful to study the existence for the solution of the equation.展开更多
Cropland nitrate leaching is the major nitrogen(N) loss pathway, and it contributes significantly to water pollution. However, cropland nitrate leaching estimates show great uncertainty due to variations in input data...Cropland nitrate leaching is the major nitrogen(N) loss pathway, and it contributes significantly to water pollution. However, cropland nitrate leaching estimates show great uncertainty due to variations in input datasets and estimation methods. Here, we presented a re-evaluation of Chinese cropland nitrate leaching, and identified and quantified the sources of uncertainty by integrating three cropland area datasets, three N input datasets, and three estimation methods. The results revealed that nitrate leaching from Chinese cropland averaged 6.7±0.6 Tg N yr^(-1)in 2010, ranging from 2.9 to 15.8 Tg N yr^(-1)across 27 different estimates. The primary contributor to the uncertainty was the estimation method, accounting for 45.1%, followed by the interaction of N input dataset and estimation method at 24.4%. The results of this study emphasize the need for adopting a robust estimation method and improving the compatibility between the estimation method and N input dataset to effectively reduce uncertainty. This analysis provides valuable insights for accurately estimating cropland nitrate leaching and contributes to ongoing efforts that address water pollution concerns.展开更多
To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks o...To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre-trained deep convolution neural network,the true positives are segmented,and crack properties are extracted using two different methods.The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level-set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology-based method known as FIL-FINDER.A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method.An advanced convolution neural network-based multi-output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held-out dataset for the prediction of crack-length,crack-width,and width-uncertainty directly from input image patches.The pro-posed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations.Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it.Additionally,an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the pre-diction results.Finally,the best performing model HHc-X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.展开更多
The paper is concerned with a class of elliptic equation with critical exponent and Dipole potential.More precisely,we make use of the refined Sobolev inequality with Morrey norm to obtain the existence and decay prop...The paper is concerned with a class of elliptic equation with critical exponent and Dipole potential.More precisely,we make use of the refined Sobolev inequality with Morrey norm to obtain the existence and decay properties of nonnegative radial ground state solutions.展开更多
In this paper,we give improved error estimates for linearized and nonlinear CrankNicolson type finite difference schemes of Ginzburg-Landau equation in two dimensions.For linearized Crank-Nicolson scheme,we use mathem...In this paper,we give improved error estimates for linearized and nonlinear CrankNicolson type finite difference schemes of Ginzburg-Landau equation in two dimensions.For linearized Crank-Nicolson scheme,we use mathematical induction to get unconditional error estimates in discrete L^(2)and H^(1)norm.However,it is not applicable for the nonlinear scheme.Thus,based on a‘cut-off’function and energy analysis method,we get unconditional L^(2)and H^(1)error estimates for the nonlinear scheme,as well as boundedness of numerical solutions.In addition,if the assumption for exact solutions is improved compared to before,unconditional and optimal pointwise error estimates can be obtained by energy analysis method and several Sobolev inequalities.Finally,some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical analysis.展开更多
Background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on Western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Nevertheless,i...Background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on Western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Nevertheless,it remains unclear if similar associations exist in RCTs on Chinese herbal medicine(CHM).Further,Chinese medicine-related characteristics have not been explored yet.Objective:To investigate trial characteristics related to treatment effect estimates on CHM RCTs.Search strategy:This meta-epidemiological study searched 5 databases for systematic reviews on CHM treatment published between January 2011 and July 2021.Inclusion criteria:An eligible systematic review should only include RCTs of CHM and conduct at least one meta-analysis.Data extraction and analysis:Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction on general characteristics of systematic reviews,meta-analyses and included RCTs.They also assessed the risk of bias of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A two-step approach was used for data analyses.The ratio of odds ratios(ROR) and difference in standardized mean differences (dSMD) with 95%confidence interval (CI) were applied to present the difference in effect estimates for binary and continuous outcomes,respectively.Results:Ninety-one systematic reviews,comprising 1338 RCTs were identified.For binary outcomes,RCTs incorporated with syndrome differentiation (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.07,1.39]),adopting Chinese medicine formula (ROR:1.19;95%CI:[1.03,1.34]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (ROR:1.29;95%CI:[1.06,1.52]) and selective outcome reporting (ROR:1.12;95%CI:[1.01,1.24]),as well as a trial size≥100 (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.04,1.42]) preferred to show larger effect estimates.As for continuous outcomes,RCTs with Chinese medicine diagnostic criteria (dSMD:0.23;95%CI:[0.06,0.41]),judged as high/unclear risk of bias on allocation concealment (dSMD:-0.70;95%CI:[-0.99,-0.42]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (dSMD:0.30;95%CI:[0.18,0.43]),conducted at a single center (dSMD:-0.33;95%CI:[-0.61,-0.05]),not using intention-to-treat analysis (dSMD:-0.75;95%CI:[-1.43,-0.07]),and without funding support (dSMD:-0.22;95%CI:[-0.41,-0.02]) tended to show larger effect estimates.Conclusion:This study provides empirical evidence for the development of a specific critical appraisal tool for risk of bias assessments on CHM RCTs.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased recently.Subjects with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function impairment.Many past studies used traditional multiple linear ...BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased recently.Subjects with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function impairment.Many past studies used traditional multiple linear regression(MLR)to identify risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).However,medical research is increasingly relying on emerging machine learning(Mach-L)methods.The present study enrolled healthy women to identify factors affecting eGFR in subjects with and without NAFLD(NAFLD+,NAFLD-)and to rank their importance.AIM To uses three different Mach-L methods to identify key impact factors for eGFR in healthy women with and without NAFLD.METHODS A total of 65535 healthy female study participants were enrolled from the Taiwan MJ cohort,accounting for 32 independent variables including demographic,biochemistry and lifestyle parameters(independent variables),while eGFR was used as the dependent variable.Aside from MLR,three Mach-L methods were applied,including stochastic gradient boosting,eXtreme gradient boosting and elastic net.Errors of estimation were used to define method accuracy,where smaller degree of error indicated better model performance.RESULTS Income,albumin,eGFR,High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol,phosphorus,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and sleep time were all lower in the NAFLD+group,while other factors were all significantly higher except for smoking area.Mach-L had lower estimation errors,thus outperforming MLR.In Model 1,age,uric acid(UA),FEV1,plasma calcium level(Ca),plasma albumin level(Alb)and T-bilirubin were the most important factors in the NAFLD+group,as opposed to age,UA,FEV1,Alb,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and Ca for the NAFLD-group.Given the importance percentage was much higher than the 2nd important factor,we built Model 2 by removing age.CONCLUSION The eGFR were lower in the NAFLD+group compared to the NAFLD-group,with age being was the most important impact factor in both groups of healthy Chinese women,followed by LDH,UA,FEV1 and Alb.However,for the NAFLD-group,TSH and SBP were the 5th and 6th most important factors,as opposed to Ca and BF in the NAFLD+group.展开更多
This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in...This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p < 0.05) influenced grain yield production. Mean grain yields and economic parameter estimates increased with increasing nitrogen rates, with the 30 and 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and 2098 kg∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFP<sub>N</sub>), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by these factors. The highest PFP<sub>N</sub> (41.3 kg grain kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fertilization and improved farming practices that could be exploited for increased productivity of maize.展开更多
BACKGROUND Aging population is a significant issue in Viet Nam and across the globe.Elderly individuals are at higher risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD),especially those with diabetes.Several studies found that the e...BACKGROUND Aging population is a significant issue in Viet Nam and across the globe.Elderly individuals are at higher risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD),especially those with diabetes.Several studies found that the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)determined using creatinine-based equations was not as accurate as that determined using cystatin C-based equations.Cystatin C-based equations may be beneficial in elderly patients with an age-associated decline in kidney function.Early determination of eGFR decline and associated factors would aid in appropriate interventions to improve kidney function in elderly patients with diabetes.AIM To determine the utility of cystatin C-based equations in early detection of eGFR decline and to explore factors associated with eGFR decline in elderly patients with diabetes.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 93 participants aged≥60 years evaluated in Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital between October 2022 and July 2023,including 47 and 46 participants with and without diabetes respectively,according to the American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes.The kappa coefficient,Student’s t,Mann-Whitney,χ2,Pearson’s correlation,multivariate logistic regression,and multiple linear regression analyses were employed.RESULTS The eGFRs were lower with the cystatin C-based equations than with the creatinine-based equations.Good agreement was found between the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD)and CKD Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)2021 creatinine-cystatin C equations(kappa=0.66).In the diabetes group,30%of the participants had low eGFR.Both plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were associated with an increased risk of eGFR decline(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with eGFR(P=0.001).By multivariate logistic regression,total cholesterol,and exercise were independently associated with low eGFR.By multiple linear regression,higher plasma glucose levels were correlated with lower eGFR(P=0.026,r=-0.366).CONCLUSION Cystatin C-based equations were superior in the early detection of a decline in eGFR,and the MDRD equation may be considered as an alternative to the CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine-cystatin C equation.Exercise,plasma glucose,and total cholesterol were independently associated with eGFR in patients with diabetes.展开更多
Assume that L is a non-negative self-adjoint operator on L^(2)(ℝ^(n))with its heat kernels satisfying the so-called Gaussian upper bound estimate and that X is a ball quasi-Banach function space onℝ^(n) satisfying som...Assume that L is a non-negative self-adjoint operator on L^(2)(ℝ^(n))with its heat kernels satisfying the so-called Gaussian upper bound estimate and that X is a ball quasi-Banach function space onℝ^(n) satisfying some mild assumptions.Let HX,L(ℝ^(n))be the Hardy space associated with both X and L,which is defined by the Lusin area function related to the semigroup generated by L.In this article,the authors establish various maximal function characterizations of the Hardy space HX,L(ℝ^(n))and then apply these characterizations to obtain the solvability of the related Cauchy problem.These results have a wide range of generality and,in particular,the specific spaces X to which these results can be applied include the weighted space,the variable space,the mixed-norm space,the Orlicz space,the Orlicz-slice space,and the Morrey space.Moreover,the obtained maximal function characterizations of the mixed-norm Hardy space,the Orlicz-slice Hardy space,and the Morrey-Hardy space associated with L are completely new.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate subelliptic harmonic maps with a potential from noncompact complete sub-Riemannian manifolds corresponding to totally geodesic Riemannian foliations.Under some suitable conditions,we give ...In this paper,we investigate subelliptic harmonic maps with a potential from noncompact complete sub-Riemannian manifolds corresponding to totally geodesic Riemannian foliations.Under some suitable conditions,we give the gradient estimates of these maps and establish a Liouville type result.展开更多
In this work,we study the error estimates of the fully discrete Fourier pseudospectral numerical scheme for solving the nonlocal volume-conserved Allen-Cahn(AC)equation.The time marching method of the numerical scheme...In this work,we study the error estimates of the fully discrete Fourier pseudospectral numerical scheme for solving the nonlocal volume-conserved Allen-Cahn(AC)equation.The time marching method of the numerical scheme is based on the well-known Invariant Energy Quadratization(IEQ)method.We demonstrate that the proposed fully discrete numerical method is uniquely solvable,unconditionally energy stable,and obtain the optimal error estimate of the scheme for both space and time.Additionally,we conduct several numerical tests to verify the theoretical results.展开更多
In this article,we first establish an asymptotically sharp result on the higher order Fréchet derivatives for bounded holomorphic mappings f(x)=f(0)+∞∑s=1Dskf(0)(x^(sk))/(sk)!:B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_X is the unit...In this article,we first establish an asymptotically sharp result on the higher order Fréchet derivatives for bounded holomorphic mappings f(x)=f(0)+∞∑s=1Dskf(0)(x^(sk))/(sk)!:B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_X is the unit ball of X.We next give a sharp result on the first order Fréchet derivative for bounded holomorphic mappings F(X)=F(0+)∞∑s=KD^(s)f(0)(x^(8)/s!):B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_(X)is the unit ball of X.The results that we derive include some results in several complex variables,and extend the classical result in one complex variable to several complex variables.展开更多
In this paper,we derive a Hamilton-Souplet-Zhang type gradient estimate for exponentially harmonic type heat equation on Riemannian manifolds.As its application,we obtain a Liouville type theorem.
基金supported by the NSFC(12071437)the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1005700).
文摘Combining TT* argument and bilinear interpolation,this paper obtains the Strichartz and smoothing estimates of dispersive semigroup e^(-itP(D)) in weighted L^(2) spaces.Among other things,we recover the results in[1].Moreover,the application of these results to the well-posedness of some equations are shown in the last section.
基金part of the project“Qualitative and numerical analyses of some thermomechanics problems(ACUANUTER)”(Ref.PID2024-156827NB-I00)。
文摘We consider the space and time decays of certain problems within the second gradient thermal law.Notably,for this thermal theory,the exponential time decay is precluded.First,the time estimates of polynomial type are obtained for both the thermal equation and the one-dimensional thermoelastic system,where the impossibility of localization with respect to time is also established.Then,the space estimates are deduced for the multidimensional thermoelastic problem,which allow to show the exponential decay of the energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant number U2039207).
文摘Earthquakes can cause significant damage and loss of life,necessitating immediate assessment of the resulting fatalities.Rapid assessment and timely revision of fatality estimates are crucial for effective emergency decisionmaking.This study using the February 6,2023,M_(S)8.0 and M_(S)7.9 Kahramanmaras,Türkiye earthquakes as an example to estimate the ultimate number of fatalities.An early Quick Rough Estimate(QRE)based on the number of deaths reported by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Türkiye(AFAD)is conducted,and it dynamically adjusts these estimates as new data becomes available.The range of estimates of the final number of deaths can be calculated as 31384–56475 based on the"the QRE of the second day multiplied by 2–3" rule,which incorporates the reported final deaths 50500.The Quasi-Linear and Adaptive Estimation(QLAE)method adaptively adjusts the final fatality estimate within two days and predicts subsequent reported deaths.The correct order of magnitude of the final death toll can be estimated as early as 13 hr after the M_(S)8.0 earthquake.In addition,additional earthquakes such as May 12,2008,M_(S)8.1 Wenchuan earthquake(China),September 8,2023,M_(S)7.2 Al Haouz earthquake(Morocco),November 3,2023,M_(S)5.8 Mid-Western Nepal earthquake,December 18,2023,M_(S)6.1 Jishishan earthquake(China),January 1,2024,M_(S)7.2 Noto Peninsula earthquake(Japan)and August 8,2023,Maui,Hawaii,fires are added again to verified the correctness of the model.The fatalities from the Maui fires are found to be approximately equivalent to those resulting from an M_(S)7.4 earthquake.These methods complement existing frameworks such as Quake Loss Assessment for Response and Mitigation(QLARM)and Prompt Assessment of Global.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),a severe pancreatic inflammatory condition,with a mor-tality rate reaching up to 40%.Recently,AP shows a steadily elevating prevalence,which causes the greater number of hospital admissions,imposing the substantial economic burden.Acute kidney injury(AKI)complicates take up approximately 15%of AP cases,with an associated mortality rate of 74.7%-81%.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of estimated plasma volume status(ePVS)in forecasting AKI in patients with AP.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,AP cases were recruited from the First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University between January 2019 and October 2023.Electronic medical records were adopted for data extrac-tion,including demographic data and clinical characteristics.The association between ePVS and AKI was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models,with potential confounders being adjusted.Nonlinear relationship was examined with smooth curve fitting,and infection points were calculated.Further analyses were performed on stratified subgroups and interaction tests were conducted.RESULTS Among the 1508 AP patients,251(16.6%)developed AKI.ePVS was calculated using Duarte(D-ePVS)and Kaplan-Hakim(KH-ePVS)formulas.After adjusting for covariates,the AKI risk exhibited 46%[odds ratio(OR)=1.46,95%confidence interval(CI):0.96-2.24]and 11%(OR=1.11,95%CI:0.72-1.72)increases in the low tertile(T1)of D-ePVS and KH-ePVS,respectively,and 101%(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.31-3.05)and 51%(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.00-2.29)increases in the high tertile(T3)relative to the reference tertile(T2).Nonlinear curve fitting revealed a U-shaped association of D-ePVS with AKI and a J-shaped association for KH-ePVS,with inflection points at 4.3 dL/g and-2.8%,res-pectively.Significant interactions were not observed in age,gender,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,sequential organ failure assessment score,or AP severity(all P for interaction>0.05).CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ePVS demonstrated the nonlinear association with AKI incidence in AP patients.A U-shaped curve was observed with an inflection point at 4.3 dL/g for the Duarte formula,and a J-shaped curve at-2.8%for the Kaplan-Hakim formula.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11971157).
文摘In this paper, we derive the a priori estimates for a class of more general (k, l)-Hessian quotient type equations involving u and Du on the right hand function. As an application we prove the Liouville theorem depending on Pogorelov type estimates. On the other hand, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the k-admissible solution for these general equations with the Neumann boundary condition, based on some growth conditions for the right hand function.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.1236108412001130)。
文摘This paper is devoted to the Polynomial Preserving Recovery (PPR) based a posteriori error analysis for the second-order elliptic non-symmetric eigenvalue problem. An asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimator is proposed for solving the convection-dominated non-symmetric eigenvalue problem with non-smooth eigenfunctions or multiple eigenvalues. Numerical examples confirm our theoretical analysis.
文摘In this article,we are concerned with the C^(2)estimates for the k-convex solutions of a class of degenerate k-Hessian equations on closed Hermitian manifolds,whose function in the right-hand side is relevant to the unknown function and its gradient.We will get C^(0)estimate by promoting others′results,and get the“HMW estimate”of this equation such that the conditions of using blow-up analysis are satisfied,and the gradient estimate and second-order estimate will be obtained.Such an estimate will be helpful to study the existence for the solution of the equation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1902703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program) (U23A20158)。
文摘Cropland nitrate leaching is the major nitrogen(N) loss pathway, and it contributes significantly to water pollution. However, cropland nitrate leaching estimates show great uncertainty due to variations in input datasets and estimation methods. Here, we presented a re-evaluation of Chinese cropland nitrate leaching, and identified and quantified the sources of uncertainty by integrating three cropland area datasets, three N input datasets, and three estimation methods. The results revealed that nitrate leaching from Chinese cropland averaged 6.7±0.6 Tg N yr^(-1)in 2010, ranging from 2.9 to 15.8 Tg N yr^(-1)across 27 different estimates. The primary contributor to the uncertainty was the estimation method, accounting for 45.1%, followed by the interaction of N input dataset and estimation method at 24.4%. The results of this study emphasize the need for adopting a robust estimation method and improving the compatibility between the estimation method and N input dataset to effectively reduce uncertainty. This analysis provides valuable insights for accurately estimating cropland nitrate leaching and contributes to ongoing efforts that address water pollution concerns.
文摘To cater the need for real-time crack monitoring of infrastructural facilities,a CNN-regression model is proposed to directly estimate the crack properties from patches.RGB crack images and their corresponding masks obtained from a public dataset are cropped into patches of 256 square pixels that are classified with a pre-trained deep convolution neural network,the true positives are segmented,and crack properties are extracted using two different methods.The first method is primarily based on active contour models and level-set segmentation and the second method consists of the domain adaptation of a mathematical morphology-based method known as FIL-FINDER.A statistical test has been performed for the comparison of the stated methods and a database prepared with the more suitable method.An advanced convolution neural network-based multi-output regression model has been proposed which was trained with the prepared database and validated with the held-out dataset for the prediction of crack-length,crack-width,and width-uncertainty directly from input image patches.The pro-posed model has been tested on crack patches collected from different locations.Huber loss has been used to ensure the robustness of the proposed model selected from a set of 288 different variations of it.Additionally,an ablation study has been conducted on the top 3 models that demonstrated the influence of each network component on the pre-diction results.Finally,the best performing model HHc-X among the top 3 has been proposed that predicted crack properties which are in close agreement to the ground truths in the test data.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(2023AH040155)Zhisu Liu's research was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515011679+2 种基金2024A1515012704)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(CUG2106211CUGST2).
文摘The paper is concerned with a class of elliptic equation with critical exponent and Dipole potential.More precisely,we make use of the refined Sobolev inequality with Morrey norm to obtain the existence and decay properties of nonnegative radial ground state solutions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11571181)the Research Start-Up Foundation of Nantong University(Grant No.135423602051).
文摘In this paper,we give improved error estimates for linearized and nonlinear CrankNicolson type finite difference schemes of Ginzburg-Landau equation in two dimensions.For linearized Crank-Nicolson scheme,we use mathematical induction to get unconditional error estimates in discrete L^(2)and H^(1)norm.However,it is not applicable for the nonlinear scheme.Thus,based on a‘cut-off’function and energy analysis method,we get unconditional L^(2)and H^(1)error estimates for the nonlinear scheme,as well as boundedness of numerical solutions.In addition,if the assumption for exact solutions is improved compared to before,unconditional and optimal pointwise error estimates can be obtained by energy analysis method and several Sobolev inequalities.Finally,some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81973709)Chinese Medicine Development Fund (21B2/018A)State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine Special Fund (SZ2021ZZ05,SZ2021ZZ0502)。
文摘Background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on Western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Nevertheless,it remains unclear if similar associations exist in RCTs on Chinese herbal medicine(CHM).Further,Chinese medicine-related characteristics have not been explored yet.Objective:To investigate trial characteristics related to treatment effect estimates on CHM RCTs.Search strategy:This meta-epidemiological study searched 5 databases for systematic reviews on CHM treatment published between January 2011 and July 2021.Inclusion criteria:An eligible systematic review should only include RCTs of CHM and conduct at least one meta-analysis.Data extraction and analysis:Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction on general characteristics of systematic reviews,meta-analyses and included RCTs.They also assessed the risk of bias of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A two-step approach was used for data analyses.The ratio of odds ratios(ROR) and difference in standardized mean differences (dSMD) with 95%confidence interval (CI) were applied to present the difference in effect estimates for binary and continuous outcomes,respectively.Results:Ninety-one systematic reviews,comprising 1338 RCTs were identified.For binary outcomes,RCTs incorporated with syndrome differentiation (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.07,1.39]),adopting Chinese medicine formula (ROR:1.19;95%CI:[1.03,1.34]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (ROR:1.29;95%CI:[1.06,1.52]) and selective outcome reporting (ROR:1.12;95%CI:[1.01,1.24]),as well as a trial size≥100 (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.04,1.42]) preferred to show larger effect estimates.As for continuous outcomes,RCTs with Chinese medicine diagnostic criteria (dSMD:0.23;95%CI:[0.06,0.41]),judged as high/unclear risk of bias on allocation concealment (dSMD:-0.70;95%CI:[-0.99,-0.42]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (dSMD:0.30;95%CI:[0.18,0.43]),conducted at a single center (dSMD:-0.33;95%CI:[-0.61,-0.05]),not using intention-to-treat analysis (dSMD:-0.75;95%CI:[-1.43,-0.07]),and without funding support (dSMD:-0.22;95%CI:[-0.41,-0.02]) tended to show larger effect estimates.Conclusion:This study provides empirical evidence for the development of a specific critical appraisal tool for risk of bias assessments on CHM RCTs.
基金Supported by the Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased recently.Subjects with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function impairment.Many past studies used traditional multiple linear regression(MLR)to identify risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).However,medical research is increasingly relying on emerging machine learning(Mach-L)methods.The present study enrolled healthy women to identify factors affecting eGFR in subjects with and without NAFLD(NAFLD+,NAFLD-)and to rank their importance.AIM To uses three different Mach-L methods to identify key impact factors for eGFR in healthy women with and without NAFLD.METHODS A total of 65535 healthy female study participants were enrolled from the Taiwan MJ cohort,accounting for 32 independent variables including demographic,biochemistry and lifestyle parameters(independent variables),while eGFR was used as the dependent variable.Aside from MLR,three Mach-L methods were applied,including stochastic gradient boosting,eXtreme gradient boosting and elastic net.Errors of estimation were used to define method accuracy,where smaller degree of error indicated better model performance.RESULTS Income,albumin,eGFR,High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol,phosphorus,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and sleep time were all lower in the NAFLD+group,while other factors were all significantly higher except for smoking area.Mach-L had lower estimation errors,thus outperforming MLR.In Model 1,age,uric acid(UA),FEV1,plasma calcium level(Ca),plasma albumin level(Alb)and T-bilirubin were the most important factors in the NAFLD+group,as opposed to age,UA,FEV1,Alb,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and Ca for the NAFLD-group.Given the importance percentage was much higher than the 2nd important factor,we built Model 2 by removing age.CONCLUSION The eGFR were lower in the NAFLD+group compared to the NAFLD-group,with age being was the most important impact factor in both groups of healthy Chinese women,followed by LDH,UA,FEV1 and Alb.However,for the NAFLD-group,TSH and SBP were the 5th and 6th most important factors,as opposed to Ca and BF in the NAFLD+group.
文摘This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p < 0.05) influenced grain yield production. Mean grain yields and economic parameter estimates increased with increasing nitrogen rates, with the 30 and 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and 2098 kg∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFP<sub>N</sub>), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by these factors. The highest PFP<sub>N</sub> (41.3 kg grain kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fertilization and improved farming practices that could be exploited for increased productivity of maize.
文摘BACKGROUND Aging population is a significant issue in Viet Nam and across the globe.Elderly individuals are at higher risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD),especially those with diabetes.Several studies found that the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)determined using creatinine-based equations was not as accurate as that determined using cystatin C-based equations.Cystatin C-based equations may be beneficial in elderly patients with an age-associated decline in kidney function.Early determination of eGFR decline and associated factors would aid in appropriate interventions to improve kidney function in elderly patients with diabetes.AIM To determine the utility of cystatin C-based equations in early detection of eGFR decline and to explore factors associated with eGFR decline in elderly patients with diabetes.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 93 participants aged≥60 years evaluated in Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital between October 2022 and July 2023,including 47 and 46 participants with and without diabetes respectively,according to the American Diabetes Association criteria for diabetes.The kappa coefficient,Student’s t,Mann-Whitney,χ2,Pearson’s correlation,multivariate logistic regression,and multiple linear regression analyses were employed.RESULTS The eGFRs were lower with the cystatin C-based equations than with the creatinine-based equations.Good agreement was found between the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD)and CKD Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)2021 creatinine-cystatin C equations(kappa=0.66).In the diabetes group,30%of the participants had low eGFR.Both plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were associated with an increased risk of eGFR decline(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with eGFR(P=0.001).By multivariate logistic regression,total cholesterol,and exercise were independently associated with low eGFR.By multiple linear regression,higher plasma glucose levels were correlated with lower eGFR(P=0.026,r=-0.366).CONCLUSION Cystatin C-based equations were superior in the early detection of a decline in eGFR,and the MDRD equation may be considered as an alternative to the CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine-cystatin C equation.Exercise,plasma glucose,and total cholesterol were independently associated with eGFR in patients with diabetes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0712900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12371093,12071197,12122102 and 12071431)+2 种基金the Key Project of Gansu Provincial National Science Foundation(23JRRA1022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2233300008 and lzujbky-2021-ey18)the Innovative Groups of Basic Research in Gansu Province(22JR5RA391).
文摘Assume that L is a non-negative self-adjoint operator on L^(2)(ℝ^(n))with its heat kernels satisfying the so-called Gaussian upper bound estimate and that X is a ball quasi-Banach function space onℝ^(n) satisfying some mild assumptions.Let HX,L(ℝ^(n))be the Hardy space associated with both X and L,which is defined by the Lusin area function related to the semigroup generated by L.In this article,the authors establish various maximal function characterizations of the Hardy space HX,L(ℝ^(n))and then apply these characterizations to obtain the solvability of the related Cauchy problem.These results have a wide range of generality and,in particular,the specific spaces X to which these results can be applied include the weighted space,the variable space,the mixed-norm space,the Orlicz space,the Orlicz-slice space,and the Morrey space.Moreover,the obtained maximal function characterizations of the mixed-norm Hardy space,the Orlicz-slice Hardy space,and the Morrey-Hardy space associated with L are completely new.
文摘In this paper,we investigate subelliptic harmonic maps with a potential from noncompact complete sub-Riemannian manifolds corresponding to totally geodesic Riemannian foliations.Under some suitable conditions,we give the gradient estimates of these maps and establish a Liouville type result.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12261017,62062018)the Foundation of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(Grant No.ZK[2022]031)the Scientific Research Foundation of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics(Grant Nos.2022KYYB08,2022ZCZX077)。
文摘In this work,we study the error estimates of the fully discrete Fourier pseudospectral numerical scheme for solving the nonlocal volume-conserved Allen-Cahn(AC)equation.The time marching method of the numerical scheme is based on the well-known Invariant Energy Quadratization(IEQ)method.We demonstrate that the proposed fully discrete numerical method is uniquely solvable,unconditionally energy stable,and obtain the optimal error estimate of the scheme for both space and time.Additionally,we conduct several numerical tests to verify the theoretical results.
基金supported by the NSFC(11871257,12071130)supported by the NSFC(11971165)。
文摘In this article,we first establish an asymptotically sharp result on the higher order Fréchet derivatives for bounded holomorphic mappings f(x)=f(0)+∞∑s=1Dskf(0)(x^(sk))/(sk)!:B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_X is the unit ball of X.We next give a sharp result on the first order Fréchet derivative for bounded holomorphic mappings F(X)=F(0+)∞∑s=KD^(s)f(0)(x^(8)/s!):B_(X)→B_(Y),where B_(X)is the unit ball of X.The results that we derive include some results in several complex variables,and extend the classical result in one complex variable to several complex variables.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11661043)the Foundation of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.GJJ2200320)。
文摘In this paper,we derive a Hamilton-Souplet-Zhang type gradient estimate for exponentially harmonic type heat equation on Riemannian manifolds.As its application,we obtain a Liouville type theorem.
