This study aimed to represent the recent trends in the nationwide incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in Korea, and to determine whether there is evidence of spatial heterogeneity in the incidence. The inciden...This study aimed to represent the recent trends in the nationwide incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in Korea, and to determine whether there is evidence of spatial heterogeneity in the incidence. The incidence was calculated as the number of newly diagnosed patients （males） during the first 4 years after a live birth in a population, nationally and regionally （a non-industrialized area （Chuncheon） and petrochemical estates （Yeocheon and Ulsan））, between 2000 and 2005. The data （numerator） for new patients were acquired from the National Health Insurance Review Agency, and the data （denominator） for the resident registration population were from the National Statistical Office. Between 2000 and 2005, the national incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias had an increased tendency from 5.01 to 17.43 per 10 000 persons and from 1.40 to 3.28 per 10 000 persons, respectively. The incidence of cryptorchidism was significantly higher in Yeocheon （throughout the study period） and in Ulsan （2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005） than the national incidence, whereas the incidence in Chuncheon was significantly lower in 2001 and 2002. It was difficult to compare the rates of hypospadias yearly and regionally because of the small number of cases. In conclusion, the incidence of cryptorchidism has recently increased in Korea. The petrochemical estates, Yeocheon and Ulsan, had a significantly higher incidence of cyptorchidism than the national incidence, which suggests that further study is needed to obtain a more precise estimation of the trends in the incidence of the anomalies and to confirm the association between petrochemicals and the anomalies.展开更多
The Mediterranean-style commercial real estates have become increasingly popular in Hangzhou, but they are not compatible with the real Mediterranean style in humanistic connotations. By investigating and analyzing th...The Mediterranean-style commercial real estates have become increasingly popular in Hangzhou, but they are not compatible with the real Mediterranean style in humanistic connotations. By investigating and analyzing the commercial real estates in Hangzhou, the authors found that the architectural forms and landscape elements are similar with those in Mediterranean region, but the design techniques show the tendency of localization, and plant landscapes and regional cultural characteristics are not compatible with the real Mediterranean style.展开更多
A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and base...A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and based on walking accessibility,the walking circle of housing estates was constructed.Taking the six functional systems of convenient shopping,catering service,fi nancial service,scientifi c research and education,leisure and entertainment,and medical service as evaluation factors,and considering the actual frequency of residents’use of various public service facilities and the reduction of walking,the convenience evaluation system of public service facilities was established.Taking the urban built environment within the Second Ring Road of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province as an example,it is found that the convenience of public service facilities in the walking circle of housing estates within the Second Ring Road presented a circular layer distribution of“low outside and high inside”.This study will provide the reference for urban renewal and renovation and improvement of facilities.展开更多
Compliance to local energy efficiency strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings and promote sustainability. However, Nigeria Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC) seems to be just paper work...Compliance to local energy efficiency strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings and promote sustainability. However, Nigeria Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC) seems to be just paper work without enforcement or compliance. Assessment of Compliance to Green Building Energy Efficiency Strategies in the Development of Housing Estates in FCC, Abuja Nigeria was carried out. The compliance of estate buildings to BEEC in the study area was assessed;and the aspects of the building energy efficiency strategies with more compliance were determined. Data were mainly from primary sources such as questionnaire survey, interview with key informants and observation. The study population included all estate developers and building construction professionals. Data were gathered from one hundred and fifty (150) building professionals through questionnaire administration. Data collected were analysed using Z score and ANOVA and presented in tables. Results show that only 18% of respondents agreed that building complied with BEEC, and the Z score for positive affirmation is below average score. There is a significant difference in the integration of different energy efficient management strategies in the estates’ construction at 95% confidence level. The integration of measures such as window to wall ratio and window shading’ were significantly higher than other BEEC strategies such as roof insulation and minimal air condition unit (≤EER/COP of 2.8). Thus, the development of estates in FCC Abuja did not achieve energy efficiency.展开更多
The construction of the“Four Good Rural Roads”has benefited thousands of households and serves as a foundational step in promoting rural revitalization.This study analyzes the current status of the project in Shuang...The construction of the“Four Good Rural Roads”has benefited thousands of households and serves as a foundational step in promoting rural revitalization.This study analyzes the current status of the project in Shuangshi Town,Yongchuan,and proposes targeted landscape design across four key areas:plant promotion,cultural display,service facilities enhancement,and industrial promotion.The objective is to build a“last kilometer”that truly supports rural revitalization and prosperity for local farmers.Through this integrated approach,the rural roads of Shuangshi Town will be transformed into scenic routes that reflect the charm of rural mountains and forests,showcase characteristic agricultural products,and evoke a sense of nostalgia,creating a travel corridor marked by engineering beauty,cultural beauty,plant beauty,and facility beauty.展开更多
This paper systematically examines the impact of environmental,social,and governance(ESG)factors on the financial performance and long-term value of real estate investment trusts(REITs).Adopting comparative analysis a...This paper systematically examines the impact of environmental,social,and governance(ESG)factors on the financial performance and long-term value of real estate investment trusts(REITs).Adopting comparative analysis as the quantitative research method,the paper selects representative cases of ESG-integrated REITs and traditional REITs at home and abroad,constructs a regression model,and compares projects from multiple key value dimensions,including yield,risk-adjusted returns,asset appreciation potential,financing costs,and market liquidity.The study finds that ESG-integrated REITs demonstrate significant advantages in long-term financial performance,risk resilience,and market valuation.Based on these findings,the paper proposes a series of policy recommendations,including improving ESG information disclosure standards,optimizing tax incentive mechanisms,and constructing an ESG evaluation system,to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of China’s REIT market.The paper consists of five parts:introduction of the research problem,theoretical framework,research methods(data sources and model construction),quantitative comparative analysis between ESG-integrated REITs and traditional REITs,and conclusion with recommendations.展开更多
Limosilac to bacillus reuteri QS01 is potential probiotic isolated from the intestinal microbiota of healthy women in early pregnancy.In the current study,we examined whether QS01 can prevent gestational diabetes mell...Limosilac to bacillus reuteri QS01 is potential probiotic isolated from the intestinal microbiota of healthy women in early pregnancy.In the current study,we examined whether QS01 can prevent gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in an enhanced mouse model of the condition.Female C57BL/6J mouse offspring(F1 generation) born to dams fed a control(CON) or low-protein diet(GDM group) during gestation and lactation were used.Pregnant F1 mice fed a standard diet were randomly assigned to 5 groups:CON,GDM,and GDM mice treated with metformin,QS01 or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001.An oral glucose tolerance test was performed before sacrifice at gestational day 17.Glucose tolerance was significantly ameliorated by all 3 treatments.QS01 supplementation fortified the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibited the escalation of plasma inflammatory cytokines.QS01 treatment altered the cecal microbiota composition and function.Plasma and cecal metabolite profiles were modulated by QS01,prominently demonstrating significant upregulation of indole lactate and L-tryptophan in plasma and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan in the cecum,positively correlated with gut Lactobacillus abundance.In summary,QS01 plays a role in preventing GDM by remodeling the intestinal microbiota,reinforcing the intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviating chronic inflammation.展开更多
This paper expounds the characteristics of BIM technology,including visualization,parameterization,and collaboration.It analyzes the quality control requirements of real estate projects and the problems of the traditi...This paper expounds the characteristics of BIM technology,including visualization,parameterization,and collaboration.It analyzes the quality control requirements of real estate projects and the problems of the traditional control system.It introduces the quality control strategies based on BIM,such as constructing the framework,combining with technologies to control deviations,etc.It also mentions the PDCA mechanism,application terminals,etc.,and points out the application obstacles and future development directions.展开更多
The complexity of real estate construction project management is highlighted,and this paper deeply discusses its technology and risk control strategy.Analyze the application field of technology and the construction of...The complexity of real estate construction project management is highlighted,and this paper deeply discusses its technology and risk control strategy.Analyze the application field of technology and the construction of risk management system,and verify the effectiveness of the strategy through cases.The is concluded that the integration of technology management and risk control is the core path to improve the efficiency of the project,and it points out that the application of intelligent tools should be strengthened and explore the new management mode under the dual-carbon goal.展开更多
This research focuses on quality control strategies in real estate HVAC engineering construction management.It first elaborates on the role of HVAC systems and challenges like material compliance risks and installatio...This research focuses on quality control strategies in real estate HVAC engineering construction management.It first elaborates on the role of HVAC systems and challenges like material compliance risks and installation deficiencies.Then it details design validation,vendor qualification,and construction-phase monitoring methods.Case studies in various real estate projects illustrate these strategies,and a 5-phase quality maturity model was proposed for quality improvement.展开更多
Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit si...Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit significantly affects housing price changes in major Chinese cities.This paper explores the transmission mechanisms and pathways of bank credit on real estate prices through theoretical analysis and empirical research.It constructs a panel regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between bank credit scale and housing prices in 35 large and medium-sized Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022,assess the impact of credit on housing price fluctuations,and compare differences between first-tier and second-tier cities.Based on these findings,the paper proposes suggestions for regulating housing prices by controlling credit scale,aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between bank credit and housing prices and support the stable development of China’s macro-economy and real estate market.展开更多
Real estate construction management faces technological innovation and risk-control challenges.Digital,intelligent,and green construction technologies are driving management transformation.This paper explores innovati...Real estate construction management faces technological innovation and risk-control challenges.Digital,intelligent,and green construction technologies are driving management transformation.This paper explores innovation paths like BIM,IoT,AI robots,and eco-friendly materials,analyzes risk characteristics,and proposes strategies such as a full-process risk management framework,technology verification,standardization,and data security systems.It also discusses the supporting role of government regulation,industry standards,corporate governance,and personnel training,aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for modernizing real estate construction management.展开更多
Given the existence of real estate market bubbles and risks arising from high government debt,countries are faced with the challenge of preventing systemic risks.This study investigates the macroeconomic dynamics of t...Given the existence of real estate market bubbles and risks arising from high government debt,countries are faced with the challenge of preventing systemic risks.This study investigates the macroeconomic dynamics of the real estate market and local government debt risk from the perspective of liquidity constraints.We build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with real estate and local government debt risk based on the New Keynesian-Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model(NK-DSGE)model to investigate the transmission path of local government debt risk under real estate regulation.In addition,we analyze the risk transmission between the real estate market and local government under different tax systems and investigate the shock to household welfare from a local government debt default.The results show monetary policy can effectively control the scale of local government debt to reduce default risk.An increase in property taxes that restrains housing demand can effectively regulate the real estate market.Although reducing taxes can increase macroeconomic output,reducing tax rates on consumption,capital,and labor weakens the liquidity of household assets.Further,lowering taxes increases local government default risk,which reduces household welfare and makes it more difficult for local governments to deleverage.Our findings provide important insights for countries seeking an effective real estate regulation mechanism to curb local government default risk.展开更多
Transitioning real estate development toward low-carbon operations is a critical strategy for China to achieve its carbon peaking and neutrality targets.Accurately calculating CO_(2) emissions from real estate develop...Transitioning real estate development toward low-carbon operations is a critical strategy for China to achieve its carbon peaking and neutrality targets.Accurately calculating CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is essential for effective implementation of low-carbon strategies.However,research that specifically addresses CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is lacking.To fill this knowledge gap,this study examined CO_(2) emissions from China's real estate development between 2000 and 2020,presenting a comprehensive analysis of the production and consumption aspects of emissions,and inter-provincial transfers of emissions driven by the sector.Our findings reveal a significant increase in embodied CO_(2) emissions fromChina's real estate development,escalating from 145.5Mt in 2000 to 477.3Mt in 2020.The proportion of emissions attributable to real estate development among China's total CO_(2) emissions ranged from5%to 6%between 2000 and 2020,underscoring the sector's non-negligible impact on the country's overall CO_(2) emissions.Our analysis demonstrated that building material production,especially steel and cement,contributed significantly to the sector's emissions,underscoring the need for decarbonization and the adoption of green building materials.Additionally,a marginal increase in CO_(2) emissions per constructed area requires enhanced sustainable construction practices.Furthermore,our study revealed that the ongoing rise in inter-provincial CO_(2) emissions transfer due to real estate development intensifies carbon inequality across provinces.These findings are instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions to mitigate CO_(2) emissions and promote sustainable growth in China's real estate sector.展开更多
Major chemical properties of tea-growing soils are of paramount importance for better management in a sustainable fashion.Therefore,this study was carried out to understand the major soil chemical properties of major ...Major chemical properties of tea-growing soils are of paramount importance for better management in a sustainable fashion.Therefore,this study was carried out to understand the major soil chemical properties of major tea(Camellia sinensis L.)-growing areas,Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts,in the state of Assam,India.A total of 991 surface soil samples were collected from 15 large tea estates(TEs) for analysis of their major chemical properties.Soil pH ranged from 3.61 to 6.81.Total organic carbon and total nitrogen ranged from 2.4 to 47.3 and 0.24 to 3.60 g kg^(-1),respectively.All soils were sufficiently rich in plant-available potassium(as K_2O),which ranged from 127.71 to 252.33 mg kg^(-1),exceeding the amount prescribed for optimum tea yield of > 100 mg kg^(-1).Plant-available sulfur among soil samples widely varied from 4 to 129 mg kg^(-1).Results of hierarchical clustering analysis for homogenous grouping of the 15 TEs based on soil chemical properties showed that the 15 TEs could be classified into three distinct groups which consisted of6,8 and 1 TEs,respectively.Based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S) test,the best fitted theoretical probability distributions were found out for different soil chemical properties.It could be concluded that a balanced fertilizer application would be needed as a part of tea improvement program using soil chemical test.展开更多
文摘This study aimed to represent the recent trends in the nationwide incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in Korea, and to determine whether there is evidence of spatial heterogeneity in the incidence. The incidence was calculated as the number of newly diagnosed patients （males） during the first 4 years after a live birth in a population, nationally and regionally （a non-industrialized area （Chuncheon） and petrochemical estates （Yeocheon and Ulsan））, between 2000 and 2005. The data （numerator） for new patients were acquired from the National Health Insurance Review Agency, and the data （denominator） for the resident registration population were from the National Statistical Office. Between 2000 and 2005, the national incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias had an increased tendency from 5.01 to 17.43 per 10 000 persons and from 1.40 to 3.28 per 10 000 persons, respectively. The incidence of cryptorchidism was significantly higher in Yeocheon （throughout the study period） and in Ulsan （2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005） than the national incidence, whereas the incidence in Chuncheon was significantly lower in 2001 and 2002. It was difficult to compare the rates of hypospadias yearly and regionally because of the small number of cases. In conclusion, the incidence of cryptorchidism has recently increased in Korea. The petrochemical estates, Yeocheon and Ulsan, had a significantly higher incidence of cyptorchidism than the national incidence, which suggests that further study is needed to obtain a more precise estimation of the trends in the incidence of the anomalies and to confirm the association between petrochemicals and the anomalies.
文摘The Mediterranean-style commercial real estates have become increasingly popular in Hangzhou, but they are not compatible with the real Mediterranean style in humanistic connotations. By investigating and analyzing the commercial real estates in Hangzhou, the authors found that the architectural forms and landscape elements are similar with those in Mediterranean region, but the design techniques show the tendency of localization, and plant landscapes and regional cultural characteristics are not compatible with the real Mediterranean style.
基金Sponsored by Social Science Foundation of Hebei Province(HB19YS039).
文摘A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and based on walking accessibility,the walking circle of housing estates was constructed.Taking the six functional systems of convenient shopping,catering service,fi nancial service,scientifi c research and education,leisure and entertainment,and medical service as evaluation factors,and considering the actual frequency of residents’use of various public service facilities and the reduction of walking,the convenience evaluation system of public service facilities was established.Taking the urban built environment within the Second Ring Road of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province as an example,it is found that the convenience of public service facilities in the walking circle of housing estates within the Second Ring Road presented a circular layer distribution of“low outside and high inside”.This study will provide the reference for urban renewal and renovation and improvement of facilities.
文摘Compliance to local energy efficiency strategies can significantly reduce energy consumption in buildings and promote sustainability. However, Nigeria Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC) seems to be just paper work without enforcement or compliance. Assessment of Compliance to Green Building Energy Efficiency Strategies in the Development of Housing Estates in FCC, Abuja Nigeria was carried out. The compliance of estate buildings to BEEC in the study area was assessed;and the aspects of the building energy efficiency strategies with more compliance were determined. Data were mainly from primary sources such as questionnaire survey, interview with key informants and observation. The study population included all estate developers and building construction professionals. Data were gathered from one hundred and fifty (150) building professionals through questionnaire administration. Data collected were analysed using Z score and ANOVA and presented in tables. Results show that only 18% of respondents agreed that building complied with BEEC, and the Z score for positive affirmation is below average score. There is a significant difference in the integration of different energy efficient management strategies in the estates’ construction at 95% confidence level. The integration of measures such as window to wall ratio and window shading’ were significantly higher than other BEEC strategies such as roof insulation and minimal air condition unit (≤EER/COP of 2.8). Thus, the development of estates in FCC Abuja did not achieve energy efficiency.
文摘The construction of the“Four Good Rural Roads”has benefited thousands of households and serves as a foundational step in promoting rural revitalization.This study analyzes the current status of the project in Shuangshi Town,Yongchuan,and proposes targeted landscape design across four key areas:plant promotion,cultural display,service facilities enhancement,and industrial promotion.The objective is to build a“last kilometer”that truly supports rural revitalization and prosperity for local farmers.Through this integrated approach,the rural roads of Shuangshi Town will be transformed into scenic routes that reflect the charm of rural mountains and forests,showcase characteristic agricultural products,and evoke a sense of nostalgia,creating a travel corridor marked by engineering beauty,cultural beauty,plant beauty,and facility beauty.
文摘This paper systematically examines the impact of environmental,social,and governance(ESG)factors on the financial performance and long-term value of real estate investment trusts(REITs).Adopting comparative analysis as the quantitative research method,the paper selects representative cases of ESG-integrated REITs and traditional REITs at home and abroad,constructs a regression model,and compares projects from multiple key value dimensions,including yield,risk-adjusted returns,asset appreciation potential,financing costs,and market liquidity.The study finds that ESG-integrated REITs demonstrate significant advantages in long-term financial performance,risk resilience,and market valuation.Based on these findings,the paper proposes a series of policy recommendations,including improving ESG information disclosure standards,optimizing tax incentive mechanisms,and constructing an ESG evaluation system,to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of China’s REIT market.The paper consists of five parts:introduction of the research problem,theoretical framework,research methods(data sources and model construction),quantitative comparative analysis between ESG-integrated REITs and traditional REITs,and conclusion with recommendations.
基金supported by the grants from the Nutrition and care of Maternal and Child Research Funding program (2020BINCMCF056)。
文摘Limosilac to bacillus reuteri QS01 is potential probiotic isolated from the intestinal microbiota of healthy women in early pregnancy.In the current study,we examined whether QS01 can prevent gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) in an enhanced mouse model of the condition.Female C57BL/6J mouse offspring(F1 generation) born to dams fed a control(CON) or low-protein diet(GDM group) during gestation and lactation were used.Pregnant F1 mice fed a standard diet were randomly assigned to 5 groups:CON,GDM,and GDM mice treated with metformin,QS01 or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001.An oral glucose tolerance test was performed before sacrifice at gestational day 17.Glucose tolerance was significantly ameliorated by all 3 treatments.QS01 supplementation fortified the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibited the escalation of plasma inflammatory cytokines.QS01 treatment altered the cecal microbiota composition and function.Plasma and cecal metabolite profiles were modulated by QS01,prominently demonstrating significant upregulation of indole lactate and L-tryptophan in plasma and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan in the cecum,positively correlated with gut Lactobacillus abundance.In summary,QS01 plays a role in preventing GDM by remodeling the intestinal microbiota,reinforcing the intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviating chronic inflammation.
文摘This paper expounds the characteristics of BIM technology,including visualization,parameterization,and collaboration.It analyzes the quality control requirements of real estate projects and the problems of the traditional control system.It introduces the quality control strategies based on BIM,such as constructing the framework,combining with technologies to control deviations,etc.It also mentions the PDCA mechanism,application terminals,etc.,and points out the application obstacles and future development directions.
文摘The complexity of real estate construction project management is highlighted,and this paper deeply discusses its technology and risk control strategy.Analyze the application field of technology and the construction of risk management system,and verify the effectiveness of the strategy through cases.The is concluded that the integration of technology management and risk control is the core path to improve the efficiency of the project,and it points out that the application of intelligent tools should be strengthened and explore the new management mode under the dual-carbon goal.
文摘This research focuses on quality control strategies in real estate HVAC engineering construction management.It first elaborates on the role of HVAC systems and challenges like material compliance risks and installation deficiencies.Then it details design validation,vendor qualification,and construction-phase monitoring methods.Case studies in various real estate projects illustrate these strategies,and a 5-phase quality maturity model was proposed for quality improvement.
文摘Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit significantly affects housing price changes in major Chinese cities.This paper explores the transmission mechanisms and pathways of bank credit on real estate prices through theoretical analysis and empirical research.It constructs a panel regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between bank credit scale and housing prices in 35 large and medium-sized Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022,assess the impact of credit on housing price fluctuations,and compare differences between first-tier and second-tier cities.Based on these findings,the paper proposes suggestions for regulating housing prices by controlling credit scale,aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between bank credit and housing prices and support the stable development of China’s macro-economy and real estate market.
文摘Real estate construction management faces technological innovation and risk-control challenges.Digital,intelligent,and green construction technologies are driving management transformation.This paper explores innovation paths like BIM,IoT,AI robots,and eco-friendly materials,analyzes risk characteristics,and proposes strategies such as a full-process risk management framework,technology verification,standardization,and data security systems.It also discusses the supporting role of government regulation,industry standards,corporate governance,and personnel training,aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for modernizing real estate construction management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72271135,72141304,71901130)National Social Science Fund of China(22&ZD117)+3 种基金Laboratory of Computation and Analytics of Complex Management Systems(Tianjin University)Special Funds for Taishan Scholars(tsqn202211120)2024 Qingdao Finance Society Key Project2024 Qingdao Social Science Planning Project.
文摘Given the existence of real estate market bubbles and risks arising from high government debt,countries are faced with the challenge of preventing systemic risks.This study investigates the macroeconomic dynamics of the real estate market and local government debt risk from the perspective of liquidity constraints.We build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with real estate and local government debt risk based on the New Keynesian-Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model(NK-DSGE)model to investigate the transmission path of local government debt risk under real estate regulation.In addition,we analyze the risk transmission between the real estate market and local government under different tax systems and investigate the shock to household welfare from a local government debt default.The results show monetary policy can effectively control the scale of local government debt to reduce default risk.An increase in property taxes that restrains housing demand can effectively regulate the real estate market.Although reducing taxes can increase macroeconomic output,reducing tax rates on consumption,capital,and labor weakens the liquidity of household assets.Further,lowering taxes increases local government default risk,which reduces household welfare and makes it more difficult for local governments to deleverage.Our findings provide important insights for countries seeking an effective real estate regulation mechanism to curb local government default risk.
文摘Transitioning real estate development toward low-carbon operations is a critical strategy for China to achieve its carbon peaking and neutrality targets.Accurately calculating CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is essential for effective implementation of low-carbon strategies.However,research that specifically addresses CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is lacking.To fill this knowledge gap,this study examined CO_(2) emissions from China's real estate development between 2000 and 2020,presenting a comprehensive analysis of the production and consumption aspects of emissions,and inter-provincial transfers of emissions driven by the sector.Our findings reveal a significant increase in embodied CO_(2) emissions fromChina's real estate development,escalating from 145.5Mt in 2000 to 477.3Mt in 2020.The proportion of emissions attributable to real estate development among China's total CO_(2) emissions ranged from5%to 6%between 2000 and 2020,underscoring the sector's non-negligible impact on the country's overall CO_(2) emissions.Our analysis demonstrated that building material production,especially steel and cement,contributed significantly to the sector's emissions,underscoring the need for decarbonization and the adoption of green building materials.Additionally,a marginal increase in CO_(2) emissions per constructed area requires enhanced sustainable construction practices.Furthermore,our study revealed that the ongoing rise in inter-provincial CO_(2) emissions transfer due to real estate development intensifies carbon inequality across provinces.These findings are instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions to mitigate CO_(2) emissions and promote sustainable growth in China's real estate sector.
文摘Major chemical properties of tea-growing soils are of paramount importance for better management in a sustainable fashion.Therefore,this study was carried out to understand the major soil chemical properties of major tea(Camellia sinensis L.)-growing areas,Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts,in the state of Assam,India.A total of 991 surface soil samples were collected from 15 large tea estates(TEs) for analysis of their major chemical properties.Soil pH ranged from 3.61 to 6.81.Total organic carbon and total nitrogen ranged from 2.4 to 47.3 and 0.24 to 3.60 g kg^(-1),respectively.All soils were sufficiently rich in plant-available potassium(as K_2O),which ranged from 127.71 to 252.33 mg kg^(-1),exceeding the amount prescribed for optimum tea yield of > 100 mg kg^(-1).Plant-available sulfur among soil samples widely varied from 4 to 129 mg kg^(-1).Results of hierarchical clustering analysis for homogenous grouping of the 15 TEs based on soil chemical properties showed that the 15 TEs could be classified into three distinct groups which consisted of6,8 and 1 TEs,respectively.Based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S) test,the best fitted theoretical probability distributions were found out for different soil chemical properties.It could be concluded that a balanced fertilizer application would be needed as a part of tea improvement program using soil chemical test.
