Transitioning real estate development toward low-carbon operations is a critical strategy for China to achieve its carbon peaking and neutrality targets.Accurately calculating CO_(2) emissions from real estate develop...Transitioning real estate development toward low-carbon operations is a critical strategy for China to achieve its carbon peaking and neutrality targets.Accurately calculating CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is essential for effective implementation of low-carbon strategies.However,research that specifically addresses CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is lacking.To fill this knowledge gap,this study examined CO_(2) emissions from China's real estate development between 2000 and 2020,presenting a comprehensive analysis of the production and consumption aspects of emissions,and inter-provincial transfers of emissions driven by the sector.Our findings reveal a significant increase in embodied CO_(2) emissions fromChina's real estate development,escalating from 145.5Mt in 2000 to 477.3Mt in 2020.The proportion of emissions attributable to real estate development among China's total CO_(2) emissions ranged from5%to 6%between 2000 and 2020,underscoring the sector's non-negligible impact on the country's overall CO_(2) emissions.Our analysis demonstrated that building material production,especially steel and cement,contributed significantly to the sector's emissions,underscoring the need for decarbonization and the adoption of green building materials.Additionally,a marginal increase in CO_(2) emissions per constructed area requires enhanced sustainable construction practices.Furthermore,our study revealed that the ongoing rise in inter-provincial CO_(2) emissions transfer due to real estate development intensifies carbon inequality across provinces.These findings are instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions to mitigate CO_(2) emissions and promote sustainable growth in China's real estate sector.展开更多
The concept of Net Zero Carbon Buildings,which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,is essential in addressing climate change.However,the development of such buildings in Thailand faces significant challenges,inclu...The concept of Net Zero Carbon Buildings,which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,is essential in addressing climate change.However,the development of such buildings in Thailand faces significant challenges,including high construction costs,uncertain returns,and limited investment incentives.This study explores the factors influencing real estate developers’decisions to pursue Net Zero Carbon Buildings in Thailand,with a focus on physical,financial,and policy-related elements.Data collection was done with 388 respondents who are stakeholders,including developers,consultants,designers,and sustainability experts,through an online questionnaire,and analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis.The independent variables in the analytical model consist of three groups of factors:physical buildings,climate finance,and climate policy.The results indicate that physical building factors,including building age,engineering systems,and design;climate finance factors,such as project cost increases,financial returns,and investment incentives;and climate policy factors,including government policies,international climate agreements,and carbon taxes,significantly influence development decisions.Government policies,building engineering systems,and financial incentives were identified as key positive drivers for investment,while carbon taxes and energy efficiency-focused designs were found to potentially discourage investment due to higher costs.The study concludes that substantial government support such as tax incentives,grants,and low-interest financing is critical to fostering investment in Net Zero Carbon Buildings.Additionally,raising awareness among developers and the private sector about the long-term benefits of these projects is essential to strengthening investment incentives.展开更多
The complexity of real estate construction project management is highlighted,and this paper deeply discusses its technology and risk control strategy.Analyze the application field of technology and the construction of...The complexity of real estate construction project management is highlighted,and this paper deeply discusses its technology and risk control strategy.Analyze the application field of technology and the construction of risk management system,and verify the effectiveness of the strategy through cases.The is concluded that the integration of technology management and risk control is the core path to improve the efficiency of the project,and it points out that the application of intelligent tools should be strengthened and explore the new management mode under the dual-carbon goal.展开更多
This paper expounds the characteristics of BIM technology,including visualization,parameterization,and collaboration.It analyzes the quality control requirements of real estate projects and the problems of the traditi...This paper expounds the characteristics of BIM technology,including visualization,parameterization,and collaboration.It analyzes the quality control requirements of real estate projects and the problems of the traditional control system.It introduces the quality control strategies based on BIM,such as constructing the framework,combining with technologies to control deviations,etc.It also mentions the PDCA mechanism,application terminals,etc.,and points out the application obstacles and future development directions.展开更多
This research focuses on quality control strategies in real estate HVAC engineering construction management.It first elaborates on the role of HVAC systems and challenges like material compliance risks and installatio...This research focuses on quality control strategies in real estate HVAC engineering construction management.It first elaborates on the role of HVAC systems and challenges like material compliance risks and installation deficiencies.Then it details design validation,vendor qualification,and construction-phase monitoring methods.Case studies in various real estate projects illustrate these strategies,and a 5-phase quality maturity model was proposed for quality improvement.展开更多
Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit si...Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit significantly affects housing price changes in major Chinese cities.This paper explores the transmission mechanisms and pathways of bank credit on real estate prices through theoretical analysis and empirical research.It constructs a panel regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between bank credit scale and housing prices in 35 large and medium-sized Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022,assess the impact of credit on housing price fluctuations,and compare differences between first-tier and second-tier cities.Based on these findings,the paper proposes suggestions for regulating housing prices by controlling credit scale,aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between bank credit and housing prices and support the stable development of China’s macro-economy and real estate market.展开更多
Real estate construction management faces technological innovation and risk-control challenges.Digital,intelligent,and green construction technologies are driving management transformation.This paper explores innovati...Real estate construction management faces technological innovation and risk-control challenges.Digital,intelligent,and green construction technologies are driving management transformation.This paper explores innovation paths like BIM,IoT,AI robots,and eco-friendly materials,analyzes risk characteristics,and proposes strategies such as a full-process risk management framework,technology verification,standardization,and data security systems.It also discusses the supporting role of government regulation,industry standards,corporate governance,and personnel training,aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for modernizing real estate construction management.展开更多
Given the existence of real estate market bubbles and risks arising from high government debt,countries are faced with the challenge of preventing systemic risks.This study investigates the macroeconomic dynamics of t...Given the existence of real estate market bubbles and risks arising from high government debt,countries are faced with the challenge of preventing systemic risks.This study investigates the macroeconomic dynamics of the real estate market and local government debt risk from the perspective of liquidity constraints.We build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with real estate and local government debt risk based on the New Keynesian-Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model(NK-DSGE)model to investigate the transmission path of local government debt risk under real estate regulation.In addition,we analyze the risk transmission between the real estate market and local government under different tax systems and investigate the shock to household welfare from a local government debt default.The results show monetary policy can effectively control the scale of local government debt to reduce default risk.An increase in property taxes that restrains housing demand can effectively regulate the real estate market.Although reducing taxes can increase macroeconomic output,reducing tax rates on consumption,capital,and labor weakens the liquidity of household assets.Further,lowering taxes increases local government default risk,which reduces household welfare and makes it more difficult for local governments to deleverage.Our findings provide important insights for countries seeking an effective real estate regulation mechanism to curb local government default risk.展开更多
绝对所有权和双重所有权并非两大法系财产法的核心区别。两大法系的核心区别不是所有权的内涵不同而是对应概念及理念根本不同。两大法系财产法一为所有权法,一为the Law of Estate,所有权与Estate制度及理念的不同才是两大法系区别的...绝对所有权和双重所有权并非两大法系财产法的核心区别。两大法系的核心区别不是所有权的内涵不同而是对应概念及理念根本不同。两大法系财产法一为所有权法,一为the Law of Estate,所有权与Estate制度及理念的不同才是两大法系区别的根本。二者没有高低优劣也没有不可逾越的鸿沟,只是不同历史背景下遭遇了不同路径,各有优缺利弊。展开更多
Based on the current development of industrial real estate of Jiangxi Province, comprehensive analysis was conducted to 6 aspects using the idea of diamond model, namely, factor conditions, demand conditions, related ...Based on the current development of industrial real estate of Jiangxi Province, comprehensive analysis was conducted to 6 aspects using the idea of diamond model, namely, factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, government and chance through the comparison with the other industrial real estates and analysis on horizontal competition in China. Development countermeasures were investigated to improve the competitiveness of the industrial real estate in Guangxi, putting forward the strategies of developing the role of government and business, seizing the opportunities of the times, city-industry integration development, implementation of industrial integration and integration of city development, the implementation of industrial integration and investment planning.展开更多
Taking the concrete conditions of each region into full consideration, the Chinese real estate market is divided into an eastern market, a central market and a western market. For each market, the autoregressive integ...Taking the concrete conditions of each region into full consideration, the Chinese real estate market is divided into an eastern market, a central market and a western market. For each market, the autoregressive integrated moving average （ARMA） model is established and spectral analysis is carded out to better understand the changes in the real estate markets in each region. The results show the investment levels and several kinds of cycles within each market. The level of real estate investment （LREI）in the eastern region is the higiaest, and the short cycle of investment is about 4 to 5 years; the LREI in the central region is in the middle, and the short cycle of investment is about 2 to 3 years; the LREI in the western region has been rapidly increasing in recent years, and the short cycle of investment is about 4 to 5 years. Real estate investment in each area has reached a peak and completed a middle-cycle movement after a period of sustained recession and an upsurge process, which has taken about 9 to 10 years.展开更多
Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regio...Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regional oversupply. Real estate risks in some cities have begun to emerge, but overall real estate risks remain controllable. Given the major changes taking place in the supply and demand of China＇s real estate market and the current stage of its development, it is projected that China＇s real estate investment growth will continue to slow down during the 13th Five-year Plan period and pressures on the renovation of inventory housing will intensify. According to the changes in the development of China＇s current real estate market, the objectives of real estate development will be adjusted to put a higher premium on the development level, the quality of real estate development, and the improvement of housing conditions. Reform and policy adjustments should be carried out to effectively prevent real estate market risks and to achieve stable operations inside the real estate market itself.展开更多
Rural collective land ownership registration is a basic work to safeguard farmers＇ land rights and interests, and promote rural reform and development, which involves the vital interests of the peasants, and has grea...Rural collective land ownership registration is a basic work to safeguard farmers＇ land rights and interests, and promote rural reform and development, which involves the vital interests of the peasants, and has great influence on the rural economic and social development. However, there are many problems in rural col- lective land ownership registration and certification, such as unclear rural land own- ership subject and nature; not unified understanding of registration, no high enthusi- asm of the grass-roots work; prominent registration policy contradictions, serious shortage of investment, which seriously affect the rural land ownership registration work. In order to solve these problems, some suggestions are put forward on pro- moting the rural land ownership registration work smoothly.展开更多
This study aimed to represent the recent trends in the nationwide incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in Korea, and to determine whether there is evidence of spatial heterogeneity in the incidence. The inciden...This study aimed to represent the recent trends in the nationwide incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in Korea, and to determine whether there is evidence of spatial heterogeneity in the incidence. The incidence was calculated as the number of newly diagnosed patients （males） during the first 4 years after a live birth in a population, nationally and regionally （a non-industrialized area （Chuncheon） and petrochemical estates （Yeocheon and Ulsan））, between 2000 and 2005. The data （numerator） for new patients were acquired from the National Health Insurance Review Agency, and the data （denominator） for the resident registration population were from the National Statistical Office. Between 2000 and 2005, the national incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias had an increased tendency from 5.01 to 17.43 per 10 000 persons and from 1.40 to 3.28 per 10 000 persons, respectively. The incidence of cryptorchidism was significantly higher in Yeocheon （throughout the study period） and in Ulsan （2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005） than the national incidence, whereas the incidence in Chuncheon was significantly lower in 2001 and 2002. It was difficult to compare the rates of hypospadias yearly and regionally because of the small number of cases. In conclusion, the incidence of cryptorchidism has recently increased in Korea. The petrochemical estates, Yeocheon and Ulsan, had a significantly higher incidence of cyptorchidism than the national incidence, which suggests that further study is needed to obtain a more precise estimation of the trends in the incidence of the anomalies and to confirm the association between petrochemicals and the anomalies.展开更多
For the inefficiency and inaccuracy of appraisal method of traditional estate appraisal theory,the real estate appraisal system based on GIS and BP neural network was established.The structure of the system was design...For the inefficiency and inaccuracy of appraisal method of traditional estate appraisal theory,the real estate appraisal system based on GIS and BP neural network was established.The structure of the system was designed which includes appraisal model,trade case,GIS database and query analysis module.With the help of the L-M algorithm in MATLAB software,BP neural network was improved and the trade cases were trained,then the BP neural network which has already been trained was tested.At the same time,the BP neural and GIS were put together to construct the hedonic price estimate model.The C#and ArcGIS9.3 were used to achieve the system in VS2008.City basic geographic data and real estate related information were used as the basic data in practice.The results show that the functions of querying,adding and editing the spatial data and attribute data are achieved and also the efficiency and accuracy of real estate are improved,so that the new method of real estate is provided by the system.展开更多
The role of the real estate industry plays a very important in China＇s eco- nomic reform, and in recent years, with the onomy, the real estate enterprises in China progressive development of market ec- have become we...The role of the real estate industry plays a very important in China＇s eco- nomic reform, and in recent years, with the onomy, the real estate enterprises in China progressive development of market ec- have become weak. However. the ＂hot real estate＂ seems to be in constantly upgrading. Industry development is necessary for the operation of each enterprise. Development is an important part of the strate- gy of an enterprise, and according to the current situation of development of real estate economy, it is very important for the development of the whole economy to predict the future development trend. The proposal of supply side structural reform measures could resolve the problems of remaining capacity and high inventory, which makes China＇s real estate industry present a new atmosphere. In this paper, a typical case, the listed real estate company ZHONG HUA Real Estate Enterprise Company Limited was selected to analyze its conditions, finding that inventory ex- cess production capacity and low land use efficiency were common problems in the development process of real estate industry at present. In order to solve these problems, some concrete suggestions and countermeasures were proposed from the government control management, real estate management and property buyers de- mand management.展开更多
文摘Transitioning real estate development toward low-carbon operations is a critical strategy for China to achieve its carbon peaking and neutrality targets.Accurately calculating CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is essential for effective implementation of low-carbon strategies.However,research that specifically addresses CO_(2) emissions from real estate development is lacking.To fill this knowledge gap,this study examined CO_(2) emissions from China's real estate development between 2000 and 2020,presenting a comprehensive analysis of the production and consumption aspects of emissions,and inter-provincial transfers of emissions driven by the sector.Our findings reveal a significant increase in embodied CO_(2) emissions fromChina's real estate development,escalating from 145.5Mt in 2000 to 477.3Mt in 2020.The proportion of emissions attributable to real estate development among China's total CO_(2) emissions ranged from5%to 6%between 2000 and 2020,underscoring the sector's non-negligible impact on the country's overall CO_(2) emissions.Our analysis demonstrated that building material production,especially steel and cement,contributed significantly to the sector's emissions,underscoring the need for decarbonization and the adoption of green building materials.Additionally,a marginal increase in CO_(2) emissions per constructed area requires enhanced sustainable construction practices.Furthermore,our study revealed that the ongoing rise in inter-provincial CO_(2) emissions transfer due to real estate development intensifies carbon inequality across provinces.These findings are instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders to develop targeted interventions to mitigate CO_(2) emissions and promote sustainable growth in China's real estate sector.
文摘The concept of Net Zero Carbon Buildings,which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions,is essential in addressing climate change.However,the development of such buildings in Thailand faces significant challenges,including high construction costs,uncertain returns,and limited investment incentives.This study explores the factors influencing real estate developers’decisions to pursue Net Zero Carbon Buildings in Thailand,with a focus on physical,financial,and policy-related elements.Data collection was done with 388 respondents who are stakeholders,including developers,consultants,designers,and sustainability experts,through an online questionnaire,and analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis.The independent variables in the analytical model consist of three groups of factors:physical buildings,climate finance,and climate policy.The results indicate that physical building factors,including building age,engineering systems,and design;climate finance factors,such as project cost increases,financial returns,and investment incentives;and climate policy factors,including government policies,international climate agreements,and carbon taxes,significantly influence development decisions.Government policies,building engineering systems,and financial incentives were identified as key positive drivers for investment,while carbon taxes and energy efficiency-focused designs were found to potentially discourage investment due to higher costs.The study concludes that substantial government support such as tax incentives,grants,and low-interest financing is critical to fostering investment in Net Zero Carbon Buildings.Additionally,raising awareness among developers and the private sector about the long-term benefits of these projects is essential to strengthening investment incentives.
文摘The complexity of real estate construction project management is highlighted,and this paper deeply discusses its technology and risk control strategy.Analyze the application field of technology and the construction of risk management system,and verify the effectiveness of the strategy through cases.The is concluded that the integration of technology management and risk control is the core path to improve the efficiency of the project,and it points out that the application of intelligent tools should be strengthened and explore the new management mode under the dual-carbon goal.
文摘This paper expounds the characteristics of BIM technology,including visualization,parameterization,and collaboration.It analyzes the quality control requirements of real estate projects and the problems of the traditional control system.It introduces the quality control strategies based on BIM,such as constructing the framework,combining with technologies to control deviations,etc.It also mentions the PDCA mechanism,application terminals,etc.,and points out the application obstacles and future development directions.
文摘This research focuses on quality control strategies in real estate HVAC engineering construction management.It first elaborates on the role of HVAC systems and challenges like material compliance risks and installation deficiencies.Then it details design validation,vendor qualification,and construction-phase monitoring methods.Case studies in various real estate projects illustrate these strategies,and a 5-phase quality maturity model was proposed for quality improvement.
文摘Fluctuations in real estate prices are closely linked to the macro-economy,exerting a profound influence on social investment and consumption levels.As a key source of funding for the real estate market,bank credit significantly affects housing price changes in major Chinese cities.This paper explores the transmission mechanisms and pathways of bank credit on real estate prices through theoretical analysis and empirical research.It constructs a panel regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between bank credit scale and housing prices in 35 large and medium-sized Chinese cities from 2012 to 2022,assess the impact of credit on housing price fluctuations,and compare differences between first-tier and second-tier cities.Based on these findings,the paper proposes suggestions for regulating housing prices by controlling credit scale,aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between bank credit and housing prices and support the stable development of China’s macro-economy and real estate market.
文摘Real estate construction management faces technological innovation and risk-control challenges.Digital,intelligent,and green construction technologies are driving management transformation.This paper explores innovation paths like BIM,IoT,AI robots,and eco-friendly materials,analyzes risk characteristics,and proposes strategies such as a full-process risk management framework,technology verification,standardization,and data security systems.It also discusses the supporting role of government regulation,industry standards,corporate governance,and personnel training,aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for modernizing real estate construction management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72271135,72141304,71901130)National Social Science Fund of China(22&ZD117)+3 种基金Laboratory of Computation and Analytics of Complex Management Systems(Tianjin University)Special Funds for Taishan Scholars(tsqn202211120)2024 Qingdao Finance Society Key Project2024 Qingdao Social Science Planning Project.
文摘Given the existence of real estate market bubbles and risks arising from high government debt,countries are faced with the challenge of preventing systemic risks.This study investigates the macroeconomic dynamics of the real estate market and local government debt risk from the perspective of liquidity constraints.We build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with real estate and local government debt risk based on the New Keynesian-Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model(NK-DSGE)model to investigate the transmission path of local government debt risk under real estate regulation.In addition,we analyze the risk transmission between the real estate market and local government under different tax systems and investigate the shock to household welfare from a local government debt default.The results show monetary policy can effectively control the scale of local government debt to reduce default risk.An increase in property taxes that restrains housing demand can effectively regulate the real estate market.Although reducing taxes can increase macroeconomic output,reducing tax rates on consumption,capital,and labor weakens the liquidity of household assets.Further,lowering taxes increases local government default risk,which reduces household welfare and makes it more difficult for local governments to deleverage.Our findings provide important insights for countries seeking an effective real estate regulation mechanism to curb local government default risk.
文摘绝对所有权和双重所有权并非两大法系财产法的核心区别。两大法系的核心区别不是所有权的内涵不同而是对应概念及理念根本不同。两大法系财产法一为所有权法,一为the Law of Estate,所有权与Estate制度及理念的不同才是两大法系区别的根本。二者没有高低优劣也没有不可逾越的鸿沟,只是不同历史背景下遭遇了不同路径,各有优缺利弊。
基金Supported by the General Project for Humanities and Social Science of the Institutions of Higher Education in Jiangxi Province(GL1458)~~
文摘Based on the current development of industrial real estate of Jiangxi Province, comprehensive analysis was conducted to 6 aspects using the idea of diamond model, namely, factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, government and chance through the comparison with the other industrial real estates and analysis on horizontal competition in China. Development countermeasures were investigated to improve the competitiveness of the industrial real estate in Guangxi, putting forward the strategies of developing the role of government and business, seizing the opportunities of the times, city-industry integration development, implementation of industrial integration and integration of city development, the implementation of industrial integration and investment planning.
文摘Taking the concrete conditions of each region into full consideration, the Chinese real estate market is divided into an eastern market, a central market and a western market. For each market, the autoregressive integrated moving average （ARMA） model is established and spectral analysis is carded out to better understand the changes in the real estate markets in each region. The results show the investment levels and several kinds of cycles within each market. The level of real estate investment （LREI）in the eastern region is the higiaest, and the short cycle of investment is about 4 to 5 years; the LREI in the central region is in the middle, and the short cycle of investment is about 2 to 3 years; the LREI in the western region has been rapidly increasing in recent years, and the short cycle of investment is about 4 to 5 years. Real estate investment in each area has reached a peak and completed a middle-cycle movement after a period of sustained recession and an upsurge process, which has taken about 9 to 10 years.
文摘Great changes have taken place in China＇s real estate market during the 12th Five-year Plan period. The real estate market has shifted from being undersupplied to having an equilibrium of supply and demand with regional oversupply. Real estate risks in some cities have begun to emerge, but overall real estate risks remain controllable. Given the major changes taking place in the supply and demand of China＇s real estate market and the current stage of its development, it is projected that China＇s real estate investment growth will continue to slow down during the 13th Five-year Plan period and pressures on the renovation of inventory housing will intensify. According to the changes in the development of China＇s current real estate market, the objectives of real estate development will be adjusted to put a higher premium on the development level, the quality of real estate development, and the improvement of housing conditions. Reform and policy adjustments should be carried out to effectively prevent real estate market risks and to achieve stable operations inside the real estate market itself.
文摘Rural collective land ownership registration is a basic work to safeguard farmers＇ land rights and interests, and promote rural reform and development, which involves the vital interests of the peasants, and has great influence on the rural economic and social development. However, there are many problems in rural col- lective land ownership registration and certification, such as unclear rural land own- ership subject and nature; not unified understanding of registration, no high enthusi- asm of the grass-roots work; prominent registration policy contradictions, serious shortage of investment, which seriously affect the rural land ownership registration work. In order to solve these problems, some suggestions are put forward on pro- moting the rural land ownership registration work smoothly.
文摘This study aimed to represent the recent trends in the nationwide incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in Korea, and to determine whether there is evidence of spatial heterogeneity in the incidence. The incidence was calculated as the number of newly diagnosed patients （males） during the first 4 years after a live birth in a population, nationally and regionally （a non-industrialized area （Chuncheon） and petrochemical estates （Yeocheon and Ulsan））, between 2000 and 2005. The data （numerator） for new patients were acquired from the National Health Insurance Review Agency, and the data （denominator） for the resident registration population were from the National Statistical Office. Between 2000 and 2005, the national incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias had an increased tendency from 5.01 to 17.43 per 10 000 persons and from 1.40 to 3.28 per 10 000 persons, respectively. The incidence of cryptorchidism was significantly higher in Yeocheon （throughout the study period） and in Ulsan （2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005） than the national incidence, whereas the incidence in Chuncheon was significantly lower in 2001 and 2002. It was difficult to compare the rates of hypospadias yearly and regionally because of the small number of cases. In conclusion, the incidence of cryptorchidism has recently increased in Korea. The petrochemical estates, Yeocheon and Ulsan, had a significantly higher incidence of cyptorchidism than the national incidence, which suggests that further study is needed to obtain a more precise estimation of the trends in the incidence of the anomalies and to confirm the association between petrochemicals and the anomalies.
基金Project(41061041)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010gzs0084)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China
文摘For the inefficiency and inaccuracy of appraisal method of traditional estate appraisal theory,the real estate appraisal system based on GIS and BP neural network was established.The structure of the system was designed which includes appraisal model,trade case,GIS database and query analysis module.With the help of the L-M algorithm in MATLAB software,BP neural network was improved and the trade cases were trained,then the BP neural network which has already been trained was tested.At the same time,the BP neural and GIS were put together to construct the hedonic price estimate model.The C#and ArcGIS9.3 were used to achieve the system in VS2008.City basic geographic data and real estate related information were used as the basic data in practice.The results show that the functions of querying,adding and editing the spatial data and attribute data are achieved and also the efficiency and accuracy of real estate are improved,so that the new method of real estate is provided by the system.
文摘The role of the real estate industry plays a very important in China＇s eco- nomic reform, and in recent years, with the onomy, the real estate enterprises in China progressive development of market ec- have become weak. However. the ＂hot real estate＂ seems to be in constantly upgrading. Industry development is necessary for the operation of each enterprise. Development is an important part of the strate- gy of an enterprise, and according to the current situation of development of real estate economy, it is very important for the development of the whole economy to predict the future development trend. The proposal of supply side structural reform measures could resolve the problems of remaining capacity and high inventory, which makes China＇s real estate industry present a new atmosphere. In this paper, a typical case, the listed real estate company ZHONG HUA Real Estate Enterprise Company Limited was selected to analyze its conditions, finding that inventory ex- cess production capacity and low land use efficiency were common problems in the development process of real estate industry at present. In order to solve these problems, some concrete suggestions and countermeasures were proposed from the government control management, real estate management and property buyers de- mand management.
